Landscape Planning - Science topic

The question starts with 'modelling', the explanation introduces 'managing' and one of the answer raises 'design'. Starting the later, few farming landscapes have been designed. Examples of designed farm landscapes are polders (e.g. NL, DE, IT), irrigated lands downstream of reservoirs (e.g. Mariental, Namibia), land consolidation projects (landscape redesign) and post-revolutionary land reform (e.g. kolchoz) . The next level, managing seems largely fictitious for private land.

As a working hypothesis, designed agrarian landscapes show (i) more separation of planted tree, crop and grass, (ii) larger blocks of each component and (iii) little land reserved for spontaneous vegetation and wildlife developments. The latter needs more systematic attention from my perspective as practitioner.

If you use raster maps, also Idrisi (now called TerrSets) cal calculates some fragmentation indexes.

Dear Editor,

Greetings,

First of all, I wish to thank you very much for invitation, Please let me know on which email I am to send my article of the performance management for your consideration please.

with regards

Dr. Vishal Bishnoi

To add a portion critics.

In some countries, climates and cultures suburbanization as a shift of population from urban cores for permanent residence may be replaced at a large scale by special forms such as a seasonal and/or holiday second home (dacha in Russian)  characteristic of my country (Russia) and some others (e.g. Scandinavian).

Andrei Treivish

There are many factors affecting public preferences on urban parks. Geographic location is one of these factors. I have once studied the similar topic, but my focus is on how different degree of naturalness and human intrusion have impact on public selection of urban forests for their outdoor activities. If you are interested, you may have a look at the attached document, which is also available from Research Gate. Thanks.

There are many papers of urban landscaping, architecture and urban sustainability. A specific example:

Dear Majid,

I think that one of the main issues is the continuity of the waterfront public promenade, its urban quality and its connection with the neighbouring programmes of commercial and residential urbanism as well as with public transportation. In such contexts, the work of urbanists, planners and architects has to integrate the micro-dimension of daily uses and trajectories as well as the more macro-dimension of the connection with the rest of the city. It is in my opinion this ability to play on both scales that allows (among other factors like the negociation with private developers of the extent and nature of public spaces) a project to acquire a specific value in terms of urbanity.

Can you please check the following links? Those three books can be helpful:

Dear Manfred

To my knowledge the foreground of a landscape that does not exceed ten meters allows the perception of detail elements or components of this aFront -plan. Beyond this distance and jusu'à a hundred meters is the intermediate level of the landscape, the elements or components of the intermediate plane are perceived by their shape. Against by the elements or components which is in the background that is between 100 to 1000 meters are collected by their volume.

Best regards

FADEL

Dear Gerhard,

Thanks for your reply!

Yes we do have one in Vienna, with a lot of animals :-) However, I'm looking for a couple of new individuals to breed with our animals in order to keep the genetic diversity within our colony.

Best wishes, Sylvain

You've mentioned hand drawn descriptions which usually mean using pixel based illustration software (by opposition to vector drawing like illustrator or inkscape). The following software are free but art oriented (so no scientific package to specifically visualize core descriptions):

Pencil (for 2D animation): http://www.pencil-animation.org/

Krita (very complete pixel illustration): https://krita.org/

Pixrl (Editor): http://apps.pixlr.com/editor/  (this is a browser software)

And obviously you have the very well known Gimp: http://www.gimp.org/

You have compatible formats between software so you can make the core diagrams in whatever you fell more comfortable (inkscape for example). Export it as png and import it into a pixel based illustration software. From there it's easy to overlap your own drawn instructions into a final image. If you're going to do this a lot you may want to consider getting a touchpad with pen (example: http://www.wacom.com/en-us/products/navigation/bamboo-pad-wireless) since you can make them directly within the computer.

If you share an example of what you're trying to achieve maybe someone could help you better.

If you are also interested on wetlands restoration you can contact with Maria A. Rodrigo Alacreu, from ICBIBE (University of Valencia): http://www.uv.es/~rodrigoa/

Mensah:

My reading suggestions are:

1. MATTHEW MCCONNACHIE, M.; SHACKLETON, Charlie M. Public green space inequality in small towns in South Africa. Habitat International, v. 34, n. 2, p. 244-248, 2010. <http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0197397509000769>

2. ADAMS, Lowell W. Urban wildlife ecology and conservation: a brief history of the discipline. Urban ecosystems, v. 8, n. 2, p. 139-156, 2005. <http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13280-010-0081-9>

3. ROGERSON, C. M. Towards" pro-poor" urban development in South Africa: the case of urban agriculture. ACTA ACADEMICA-UNIVERSITY OF THE FREE STATE, v. 35, p. 130-158, 2003. <http://reference.sabinet.co.za/sa_epublication_article/academ_supp2003_a7>

4. KITHA, Justus; LYTH, Anna. Urban wildscapes and green spaces in Mombasa and their potential contribution to climate change adaptation and mitigation. Environment and Urbanization, v. 23, n. 1, p. 251-265, 2011. <http://eau.sagepub.com/content/23/1/251.full.pdf>

Hope this helps!

See the the book entitled: Towards an Integrated Development of the Niger Delta Edited by Kayode Fayemi, Stella Amadi & Ololade Bamidele. There is an interesting chapter by Ukoha Ukiwo on indigenous knowledge 

Dear Sandra, I believe that we should be aware that not all ESs bear the same importance, some of them are crucial for the functioning of the entire social-ecological landscapes (SELs), determining much of their dynamics; so they are real key-state variables to focus on. Addressing only single ESs without looking at the underpinning supporting services is a very partial approach making hard if not impossible to derive the overall supply picture. Supporting services like NPP (through NDVI), as provided by remote sensing techniques in a dynamic and spatially explicit way, underpin most of ESs allowing a proper systemic and synoptic approach to study all the provisioning cascade of resulting ESs that can shift in concert with NPP, which results the real engine of the overall system functioning. This helps gauge synergies, trade-offs, and synchronies and asynchronies of ESs and relative time lags. Therefore, ES assessments must be conducted based on the dynamical features of SELs otherwise all ES estimates would turn very inaccurate and unreliable strongly affecting subsequent accountings and payments for ESs and their practical application and acceptance in the real world. As a result, even the overall provision of ESs does vary with time where different ESs can have a different spatiotemporal role and importance. However, it does not so much depend on the features and dynamics of the individual LULC patches, but rather on the spatial and temporal interactions of the mosaic elements generated from natural and human-managed patches causing synergies and trade-offs between services across multiple spatial and temporal scales. In this respect, key-state variables are fundamental for modelling the overall provision of ESs as they are behind of any SEL functioning. Further research activity must be encouraged in this direction of SEL complexity in order to investigate the main linkages among related supporting services behind overall ES delivery. Landscape connectivity too is not a static but rather a very dynamical feature of complex adaptive systems like SELs, and as such must be treated. So, connectivity relies primarily on the temporal persistence of certain landscape and seascape features that are to be considered the pillars for building up reliable ecological networks. Furthermore, as critical transition in SELs can dramatically change the flow and provisioning of ESs, landscape connectivity can be a very useful indicator of impeding regime shifts and so it can be used as early-warning signal of such transitions (Scheffer et al., 2009; Dakos et al., 2010) as provided, for example, by regularly cross-scale analysis of land cover connectivity (Zurlini et al., in press).

We have shown recently a promising way to monitor phase space trajectories of time series to derive indications on current and past adaptability based on nonlinear analysis of spatial-temporal dynamics of SELs, and also to look at possible impeding regime shifts.