Laboratory Techniques - Science topic

The plant cell wall is a highly ordered and specialized network, formed mainly of polysaccharides, glycoproteins, phenolic compounds, minerals and enzymes. Being the most widespread and probably the most complex structural network in Nature, the main functions of plant cell wall are relatively clear - determination of plant morphogenesis, architect...

INTRODUCTION Blood‐based biomarkers seem promising for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis on the potential of blood phosphorylated Tau181 (p‐tau181) to differentiate amyloid‐positive (A+) and amyloid‐negative (A−) subjects. Two meta‐analyses were conducted, showing the mean p‐tau v...

Carrots (Daucus carota) are widely consumed for their nutritional and medicinal benefits. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Daucus carota on lipid profile. The study involved 28 male wistar rats separated into 4 groups of 7 rats each. Group 1 served as control and was given distilled water, whilst groups 2, 3 and 4 serv...

Background Numerous studies have highlighted the role of oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease (AD) development. Yet, the alignment of systemic and central oxidative stress biomarkers is unclear across diverse populations in the AD continuum. This study aims to assess protein damage levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the AD con...

Soil serves as the basis for plant growth and is essential for agricultural output. Soil testing is decisive in modern agriculture for assessing fertility, nutrient status, and crop suitability. In the current study an attempt has been made to ascertain currents spatial variability of soils from seven different villages of Ghiror Block three differ...

Background Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Nevertheless, whether redox perturbations are associated with cognition and AD pathology in the preclinical AD stages, remains unclear. We examined associations of blood redox markers with AD biomarkers and cognitive performance in older adults without...

The deposition of asphaltenes in the petroleum industry has been found to be a significant factor affecting the profitability of petroleum production and refining. For this reason, many efforts have been made to clarify the mechanism of deposition formation and to find measures to reduce its harmful impact on the efficiency of oil production and re...

Porcine Circovirus Associated Disease (PCVAD), caused by Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2), is a major health concern in swine production, leading to significant economic losses. The diagnosis of PCVAD relies on a combination of clinical signs and confirmatory laboratory techniques. Clinically, affected pigs exhibit weight loss, jaundice, poor growt...

Background Numerous studies have highlighted the role of oxidative stress in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development. Yet, the alignment of systemic and central oxidative stress biomarkers is unclear across diverse populations in the AD continuum. This study aims to assess protein damage levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the AD con...

The fast, precise and continuous on-line analysis of highly saline process solutions is challenging for conventional laboratory techniques like ICP-OES or ICP-MS due to the necessity of high plasma gas...

ABSTRACT 1994-2024, 30 YEARS AFTER THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE PROFESSIONAL PROFILE OF THE BIOMEDICAL SCIENTIST: REVISION, EVOLUTION OR “REVOLUTION”? The Ministerial Decree No. 745 dated September 1994: Regulations concerning the establishment of the professional profile of Biomedical Scientist (TSLB), is now 30 years old. During these decades, an i...

Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) characterization in the southeast of Ethiopia, in the Oromia Region, the compost for Major Plant Nutrient Contents experiment was carried out in the Ginir District of the Bale Zone. As a result, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the quality and nutrient content of compost made from parthenium comb...

The primary goal of this study was to investigate laboratory techniques for hydrogenating selected steels and to examine the hydrogen embrittlement of steel 1.4104. These processes, which involve hydrogenation and subsequent mechanical testing, are rarely performed in laboratories due to the need for precise, costly equipment and the inherent risks...

Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is a staple crop consumed by millions of people globally, particularly in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. This study assessed the hydro-cyanide content of cassava products with different processing methods, which adopted an analytical design. The various cassava products were prepared for chemical analysis using spectro...

The journey of early‐career researchers (ECRs) in immunology is marked by many challenges but also exciting prospects. Here we bring a snapshot of the recent ECR workshop organized by the Young European Federation of Immunology Societies (yEFIS) during the 7th European Congress of Immunology (ECI), which took place in Dublin Ireland from September...

Background: To investigate the association between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic pancreas disease (MASPD) and insulin resistance (IR). Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 157 participants diagnosed with MASPD based on ultrasonography criteria. Baseline demographic data were collected, including age, gender, and body mass index...

Soil physicochemical characterization helps determine soil nutrient levels, aiding in fertilizer control, soil quality improvement, and assisting farmers in understanding economic productivity and food production. Physicochemical parameters are fundamental to soil research because they influence soil and crop health. Physicochemical characteristics...

Introduction Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by an overactive immune response, particularly involving excessive production of type I interferons. This overproduction is driven by the phosphorylation of IRF7, a crucial factor in interferon gene activation. Current treatments for SLE are often not very effect...

In the Global Polio Laboratory Network (GPLN), poliovirus (PV) screening results from acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance is based on virus isolation (VI) through cell culture, entailing long turnaround times and the amplification of live poliovirus. An alternative Direct Detection strategy (DD-ITD) for screening viral nucleic acid from stoo...

Motivation 5-Methylcytosine (m5c), a modified cytosine base, arises from adding a methyl group at the 5th carbon position. This modification is a prevalent form of post-transcriptional modification (PTM) found in various types of RNA. Traditional laboratory techniques often fail to provide rapid and accurate identification of m5c sites. However, wi...

The main objective of the ZebraCool programme was to create a positive attitude and curiosity towards science by bringing experimental activities within schools using an introductory cognitive and sensory approach. This innovative programme was offered at all levels of primary and secondary education including vocational high schools. Thematic work...

Over the past 15-20 years, there has been a notable shift in the overarching strategy within rheumatological theory and practice concerning the diagnosis and comprehensive treatment of rheumatic diseases. The primary focus has shifted towards early diagnosis, coupled with aggressive treatment strategies, aiming to achieve long-term remission or mai...

This study focuses on the preparation of dry and fresh flower samples for pollen and spore observation using advanced laboratory techniques, identification of morphological characteristics, and the development of a pollen catalog that provides valuable insights into ecology and pollen morphology for different taxa. This research contributes to the...

The COVID-19 pandemic is the most crucial world health disaster of the 21st century, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. As of 3rd, February, 2021, the global death toll surpassed 3 million amid more than 110 million cases. This virus mainly spreads from person to person, primarily from the nose or mouth. People can catch the COVID-19 if they breathe o...

Dyslipidemia, marked by abnormal lipid levels, contributes to cardiovascular disease risk and affects bone health, particularly in postmenopausal women. Hormonal changes during menopause disrupt lipid and bone metabolism, increasing the likelihood of cardiovascular and bone-related disorders. This study explores the relationship between dyslipidemi...

The Cassava and Ogi effluents include substantial quantities of bacteria, particularly lactic acid (LABs), which has garnered much attention as probiotics to improve human health. The potential desirable characteristics of the LAB as a probiotic have necessitated the screening of various fermentative compounds to identify a good source of LAB for p...

To ensure operational efficiency, promote sustainable wastewater treatment practices, and maintain compliance with environmental regulations, it is crucial to evaluate the parameters of treated effluent in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Artificial neural network (ANN) analysis is a promising tool to predict the wastewater characteristics, as...

Leptospirosis is a widespread disease throughout the world, presenting in severe clinical forms in dogs. The pathogenicity of the different serovars in field infections is not fully documented, and clinical diagnosis is often limited to a combination of serological tests and molecular analyses. The latter, although a fundamental tool, cannot identi...

Cytochrome-P450 enzymes (CYPs) represent a major class of enzymes responsible for the metabolism of xenobiotic substances. To assess the role of CYPs in drug metabolism, model systems such as liver cells are used but they harbor a variety of CYPs. Mono-CYP systems were established with a defined CYP activity to study the underlying mechanisms. We u...

Brazil is one of the largest grain producers worldwide, with yields heavily dependent on ecologically and financially expensive inputs. One possible approach to reduce these inputs is inoculation with plant-growth-promoting bacteria, whose large-scale use depends on a continual search for new genotypes for inoculant production. Several bacteria wit...

Colouterine fistula as a sequela of diverticulitis is an extremely rare complication due to the extraordinarily thick layer of myometrium of the uterus. Because of this, an aggressive clinical evaluation is required to rule out other potential causes of fistula formation such as malignancy. However, imaging and laboratory techniques may be inconclu...

Reinforced concrete (RC) constructions are seriously threatened by chloride-induced corrosion (CIC) and carbonation, which can result in structural degradation, safety issues, and financial losses. Electrochemical methods and microstructural analysis tests are some of the laboratory techniques used to examine key elements of CIC, such as the impact...

Hands-on experiments and teacher-based demonstrations are two standard teaching methods in secondary school when teaching chemistry in the laboratory. The available literature on these two teaching methods focuses on students’ academic achievement. Most of this literature reports inconsistent results, and few studies examined teachers’ and students...

Mycobacterium chelonae infections are rare but significant in immunocompromised patients, often leading to delayed diagnosis due to a specific clinical signs and the difficulty to culture and identify the causative agent with conventional laboratory techniques. We report a case series of five patients presenting with cutaneous infection due to M. c...

Background Menopause leads to significant physiological and biochemical alterations that impact different aspects of health, such as bone mineral metabolism and glycemic control. It is imperative to comprehend these alterations in order to identify potential health hazards and develop preventative measures. This comparative cross-sectional study ai...

Quarrying is an immemorial activity that physically disturbs soil and impacts soil quality chemically. This study assessed the physico-chemical properties of soils around quarry sites of various agricultural zones of Ebonyi state, southeastern Nigeria. Using transect method, triplicate auger soil samples (0-10 and 10-20cm depth) were collected from...

What did you want to address in this study? We wanted to investigate the evolution of a Candida auris outbreak ongoing for almost 3 years in a Greek hospital and the factors that contributed to its spread and led to the emergence of C. auris as a prominent cause of bloodstream infections. What have we learnt from this study? Strict adherence to...

Honey, produced by bees from plant nectar or honeydew, is valued for its medicinal properties, including antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Its composition varies due to factors like geographical location, environmental conditions, and processing methods. This study compared the physicochemical and mineral compositions of branded and unbrand...

En la presente contribución se abordan el siguiente ítem: técnicas para la recolección, preparación y estudio de icnofósiles continentales del Cenozoico de la región Pampeana. Breve introducción histórica del desarrollo de las técnicas y su aplicación en Argentina. Enumeración de equipos y herramientas de campo, su empleo en las distintas técnicas...

A laboratory technique has been developed to study the effect of dissolved substances on the condensational growth of spherical droplets of water in a self-arranged droplet cluster levitating above a locally heated water surface, as well as on the equilibrium droplet size obtained by infrared heating of the cluster. Inorganic salts such as potassiu...

A laboratory technique has been developed to study the effect of dissolved substances on the condensational growth of spherical droplets of water in a self-arranged droplet cluster levitating above a locally heated water surface, as well as on the equilibrium droplet size obtained by infrared heating of the cluster. Inorganic salts such as potassiu...

Background The discovery and characterization of tumor-specific antigens are critical for advancing cancer immunotherapies, including next-generation cancer vaccines. A mass spectrometry (MS)-based approach, such as immunopeptidomics, is widely recognized as the optimal method to identify expressed and presented antigens. However, despite its high...

Sustainable agriculture and food security are becoming global issues. Animal feed quality effects livestock production, thus improving it benefits. Adequate nutrition assessment of these feedstuffs is required to solve the issue. Worldwide, several methods are used with differing degrees of efficiency, scope, and accuracy. Proximate analysis and di...

This study examined sustainability techniques for transforming marginal lands to support building infrastructures in parts of Rivers State, Nigeria. The study adopted the cross-sectional survey research design method employing the use of standard penetration approach utilizing Geographic Information System analysis. Marginal lands were delineated a...

Surface water quality in Skardu, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, is of immense importance because of the city's dependence on these resources for domestic uses, agriculture, and drinking water. The water quality index (WQI) was integrated with the Geographic Information System (GIS) to spatially envision and examine water quality data to facilitate the...

Introduction: In numerous tropical regions of developing nations, the prevalence of foodborne illnesses is perceived to be more severe than in developed countries, due to insufficient food safety initiatives or the lack of a structured institutional framework for street food vendors. The study's objectives of examining microorganisms associated wit...

Cultural practices are explored and expressed in daily living through the creative abilities of every person. This article presents an analytical critique of the uses of clays for body painting and its ceremonial and ritual significance. It reports on an ethnographic study conducted to distinguish between various functions and reasons for the pract...

Background: The overwhelming rise in obesity is a disturbing public health concern in Nigeria. The superimposition of westernized diet on the existing high glycaemic traditional diet in the population is worrisome. In obese, adipose tissue dysfunction is characterized with dysregulations of adipokines (including adiponectin) and insulin resistance....

This work describes the use of turmeric in the teaching concepts and laboratory techniques of organic chemistry to students in introductory classes of licentiate, bachelor’s and industrial chemistry courses, as well as to pharmacy and chemical engineering students at Universidade Federal Fluminense, in Niterói/RJ/Brazil. Considering investigative a...

Background and aim Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), also known as recurrent implantation failure (RIF), is a distressing condition affecting women characterized by two or more consecutive miscarriages or the inability to carry a pregnancy beyond 20 weeks. Immunological factors and genetic variations, particularly in Vit D Binding Protein (VDBP), hav...

Honey, produced by bees from plant nectar or honeydew, is valued for its medicinal properties, including antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Its composition varies due to factors like geographical location, environmental conditions, and processing methods. This study compared the physicochemical and mineral compositions of branded and unbrand...

Un lot de 5 échantillons, vendu en 2010 comme un ensemble d'aigues-marines à Madagascar, a attiré l'oeil de notre équipe. Bien que ces pierres aient été conservées dans un coffre à l'abri de la lumière et des variations d'humidité et de température pendant une dizaine d'années, une fine couche blanche fibreuse est apparue sur l'ensemble des prétend...

Ketoprofen is the most widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) which comes under BCS Class II, making it effective for relieving pain and inflammation. However, despite its therapeutic benefits, Ketoprofen has low aqueous solubility, which significantly hinders its oral bioavailability. This limitation highlights the need for innov...

Proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids all interact with intrinsically disordered protein areas. Lipid-binding regions are involved in a variety of biological processes as well as a number of human illnesses. The expanding body of experimental evidence for these interactions and the dearth of techniques to anticipate them from the protein sequence ser...

The optimal way to restore the anatomical structure of teeth after endodontic intervention is a controversial topic. Teeth after endodontic intervention have different properties compared to intact living teeth. Changes in these properties are associated with volumetric loss of hard tissues, caries, final preparation of the cavity taking into accou...

Groundwater quality investigation was carried out in Bogoberi community in Calabar Municipality Local Government Area in Cross River State, Nigeria. The study was conducted to determine the quality of groundwater for drinking and other domestic purposes. Borehole water samples were collected and subjected to standard field and laboratory techniques...

This paper examined proficiency as a panacea for increasing teachers' capacity in the use of laboratory techniques for effective teaching of practical biology. The writers lamented the decline in the performance of students in biology over the years which are partly due to inadequate instructional strategies by teachers. The authors also applauded...

Background Saudi and Turkish coffee consumption in Saudi Arabia is increasing considerably, and the nationwide consumption patterns need elucidation to determine the contributions of Saudi and Turkish coffee toward nutrition and health. Aim To describe the frequency and quantity of Saudi and Turkish coffee consumption and assess their association...

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a signicant global health issue, and prediabetes is a precursor to type 2 diabetes (T2DM), marked by elevated blood glucose levels and insulin resistance. Both adiponectin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) play a crucial role in glucose metabolism and cardiovascular risk. Aims & Objectives: Met...

We report on the results of long-term monitoring of the energy harvesting trends in field-installed large area luminescent solar concentrator based windows. The main features and materials-related aspects of these unconventional, window-integrated photovoltaics are described, together with the laboratory techniques used to rate their performance. N...

Magnetic separation is a common procedure for the enrichment of magnetic iron ores. Davis tube (DT) test is a standard laboratory technique used to determine the optimum magnetic recovery of iron ore using wet low-intensity magnetic separators. However, the DT test is time-consuming and labour-intensive. In this study, based on the results of DT-te...

Animal husbandry in Cambodia has played an important role at a time when human society is growing and the demand for meat is increasing. And raising animals every day, which is why farmers prefer to raise in a series of imitation, which is why there is a lack of technical protection measures in breeding and treatment of diseases. Seeing such a prob...

Background and Objective: Plants are a significant source of medicinal compounds that play a crucial role in global health and serve as an important potential source of treatments. Medicinal plants which are widely used across various health systems, serve not only to treat illnesses but also to maintain overall health. This research is aimed at in...

Mechanical asphyxiation has been a common method used to commit homicide, including femicide, throughout history. A recent report by the United Nations has shed light on the issue of misidentification and concealment of gender-related killings, which makes it difficult to effectively fight against it. Forensic pathologists are frequently asked to e...

Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is a staple crop consumed by millions of people globally, particularly in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. This study assessed the hydro-cyanide content of cassava products with different processing methods, which adopted an analytical design. The various cassava products were prepared for chemical analysis using spectro...

Introduction Errors occur in the laboratory at any level of the testing process. Recognizing these errors may cause patient distress by delaying diagnosis and management until results are released. This study aims to assess preanalytical errors in the laboratory and suggests methods to prevent them to improve accuracy and efficiency in the hematolo...

Tumor heterogeneity results in aggressive cancer phenotypes with acquired resistance. However, combining chemical treatment with adjuvant therapies that cause cellular structure and function perturbations may diminish the ability of cancer cells to resist at chemical treatment and lead to a less aggressive cancer phenotype. Applied treatments on pr...

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) arise due to the infiltration of microorganisms into the urinary system. The rising incidence of antibiotic resistance among UTI pathogens has narrowed the range of effective treatment options. Fosfomycin has been recognized as a potential alternative in the face of increasing resistance. This research focuses on eva...

Sex identification in natural populations provides insights into population demographics, species kin relationships, and behavioral strategies. We evaluated the applicability of two established sex markers, namely the sex determining region (SRY) gene and zinc finger (ZFX/ZFY) gene on the Asian small-clawed otter (Aonyx cinereus) and smooth-coated...