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Island Biogeography - Science topic

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Are you interested in joining our Juglandaceae-network?
We are working on global biogeography and conservation of the relict tree family Juglandaceae. However, the distribution and status knowledge of many species of South-Eastern Asia are not well known.
We are searching therefore for local experts of Engelhardia apoensis. According to our knowledge, the species is present in continental Malaysia, Borneo, Brunei, Philippines. Please see the attached schematic map with known distribution (administrative units & countries).
Any information, maps, publications, reports, personal observations, etc. from your region are interesting for us.
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Good day! I am looking for a model that links the number of species (N) on an isle with its area (S), and, probably, with additional parameters. I suppose that N=a*S^b (MacArthur-Wilson?) was a starting point and that there exist more complicated models. Can anyone recommend a good review? Many thanks in advance!
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Nice recommendations. The 2017 paper is an excellent example of the muddled thinking dominating island biogeography. The paper is a propaganda piece (as are most reviews in science) propping up the center of origin dispersalist machinary that provide the essential underpiiinngs of respectibility. Below some brief comments (could do more, but no time).
"Although most of New Zealand’s biota appears to owe its origins to dispersal"
Absolute fiction. No such evidence exists. All made up.
"A classic insular syndrome is the loss of dispersability of formerly dispersive species following island colonization”
One can get the same result when a continent sinks, leaving only volcanic outcrops. So called 'dispersability' has not much to do with anything.
"also been inferred that many species of plants lacking specialized dispersal adaptations can colonize quite remote islands, often by nonstandard means of transport"
Or they were already there in the first place – before the current islands. And were there (as ancestors) at the same time they were on continents.
" For example, it has recently been shown that the oldest Azorean island, Santa Maria, which first emerged 6 million years ago, initially subsided to form a guyot (a submerged island), before reemerging during the last 3.5 million years"
Classic inference that endemics must come from somewhere else, as if there were no possibility of any subaerial continuity.
"as an island progression rule, of colonization from older to younger islands, with subsequent evolutionary divergence"
Hennig's progression rule is pure fiction. Phylogenetic sequence can also represent sequential vicariance. With island sequence, one my get conforming patterns of island age, and they other taxa that do the opposite,
"The occurrence of endemics older than the island, detected in a number of lineages and archipelagos, is consistent with the long-term operation of the dynamics inferred in Fig. 3, A and B, and in cases”
OK – here is the admission that something else might be involved, but there is no elaboration. Long term operation of the dynamics may apply to persistence (metapopulation survival), but not origin of endemism.
"may indicate very long-term persistence of insular lineages across a network of islands [compare"
Right, but how did the ancestor’s come to be there in the first place? They cite work by Heads and myself, but with no explanation. The cite my work on Macaronesia showing how vicariance works for the region and how ancestors may have 'colonized' ancestral islands AT THE SAME TIME THEY colonized continental areas.
“the ubiquity of that model has been challenged by phylogenies that indicate cases of back-colonization within archipelagos and from islands to mainlands, as well as island hopping across extensive ocean basins"
All fiction. Hennigs progression rule fantasy
"Genetic analyses of Macaronesian bryophytes, for example, support de novo foundation of continental populations from insular ancestors, indicating that the islands of Macaronesia have provided stepping-stones for transoceanic movement linked to long-term westerly atmospheric
circulation"
Good example of selective memory loss. Cites my work on vicariance and then ingores it to make the same assertions. No genetic analysis gives any empirical support for such conjectures.
"Even more startling is the claim, again from molecular phylogenetic studies, that the uplift and formation of the Wallacean archipelago triggered the global radiation and expansion of all songbirds “
Yeah – might be startling, but pure fantasy.
That's the gist of it. Anyone finds fault with any of the above, feel free to argue the point.
Cheers, John
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Hello. My name is Malte. In my master thesis I study assemblages of Meso and Makrofauna associated with arboreal soil in tree-cavities, following an approach of island biogeography. In my study design the two predictors "size of tree cavity (amount of arboreal soil)" and "isolation (distance between tree cavity and terrestrial ground)" are included. Taking samples of twelve trees - sampling 1 tree cavity per each tree, 2 surveys with one year inbetween were conducted, including the following steps: Removal of arboreal soil of tree-cavities, Extraction of Fauna, Sterilization and restoration of arboreal soil into tree-cavities. I determined taxonomic groups to order level and counted the individuals. Having my dataset complete, the first thing I want to look at, analyzing my data, is the occurence probability of the insular groups (those that are bound to the arboreal soil in tree-cavities, e.g. Crassiclitellata) as a function of the predictors described above. I want to perform a zero-inflated regression model as it can consider the two distinct stochastic processes - 1. Colonization and 2. Abundace > 0 (Kéry and Royle 2015).
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Hello, I see that the answer the hypothesis you want to answer is if there are differences in the abundance of your samples according to the different types of trees and cavities, if so, you could test Poison distributions, Sorensen's ordering maps, or multivariate hypothesis tests like PERMANOVA or MANOVA.
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Let us consider a set of fossil occurrences of the same lineage in two separated geographic spaces (e. g., two landmasses, two hydrographic basins, two ocean basins).
Given such dataset, would it be possible to use the time intervals of fossil occurrences to calculate dispersal time estimates, or the earliest occurrence of the lineage in the geographic space to which it has dispersed? What would be the best method to use?
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please find the following link, I hope helpful to you.
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Does the more modern patch dynamics concept of Townsend replace the traditional Island Biogeography Theory of McArthur & Wilson?
please refer to species turnover, species packing, metacommunities and reproductive viability of species.
I would appreciate if I can get more articles on the paper, I cannot find the open access papers on the topic.
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I included it in undergraduate lectures for about 20 years before deciding that a/ it simply wasn't true and b/ it could mislead students. It ignores more than half of what we know about island biogeography. It is a brilliant paper, every ecologist and biogeographer should read it, and it probably ought to be discussed on graduate courses, but I have not cited it for many years. There isn't a single replacement. Everything biological is untidy or, as someone once said, physics envy is the curse of biology.
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I have collected a lot of specimens, drown in a small pool at the Pantokrator Peak, at the yard of the monastery (together with many other insects, and some spiders).
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Very nice!!! Please, write me to which adress I can send them.
With all my best wishes!
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I am looking for an inventory where all known species of plants and animals in the Socotra archipelago are registered.
Thanks in advantage.
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The following book summarizes the knowledge on vegetation and flora of Socotra and provides a list of the vascular plants, bryophytes, and lichens of Socotra:
Brown, G. & Mies, B. (2012): Vegetation ecology of Socotra. - Plant and Vegetation 7. Springer Science & Business Media, 379 pp.
But a complete inventory of all species of plants and animals appears not yet available.
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Reference: Linnell et al. 2016
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Indo-Pak fencing along the Line of Control has come up as a major obstruction in migration and dispersal of Pir Panjal markhor (Capra falconeri cashmiriensis) an endangered wild goat restricted to a portion of Pir-Panjal across the border on either side. Ibex and Urial are the other sufferers. 
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where can I find data on the canary islands? Data including the species and their distribution, bathymetric maps of the area to be able to tell sea level change over time this is to help with a dissertation, main topic is how climate change has affected island biogeographies. 
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Hi.
You can visit the website of the project "Plinio XXI", developed by the Natural History Museum of Tenerife ("Museo de la Naturaleza y el Hombre") between 2011 and 2012. I worked in this project, which was based on a website with many information and photos about the Macaronesian islands and a digital library with a lot of papers and some books in pdf, many of them centred in the Canary Islands and the Cape Verdes. Please, visit this link:
Best regards, and good luck in your research. 
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I know it was arrived in France with Baudin expedition, and in 1812 was given at natural sciences museum of Torino. I know it is a juvenile of 5 weeks and there are no information about localities. What i'm trying to understand if it was a specimen from Kangaroo island or King Island? 
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That would solve a whole puzzle and disagreement!
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I am keen to hear from anyone who has knowledge or data about the persistence of black rats (Rattus rattus) on dry offshore islands. Islands here in Shark Bay Western Australia dont have black rats and are some of the driest in the State with <250mm rainfall annually. These islands have a maritime and settlement history to indicate black rats would have been brought in by sea. However, they do not occur on them. We are doing a study to understand if other dry islands elsewhere in the world dont have black rats (yet probably should do), and if water is a limiting factor to their persistence. Thanks.
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Dorian- you can look at the database http://diise.islandconservation.org/ to see what islands rats have been eradicated from and the database http://tib.islandconservation.org/ to see some of the islands they still occur on (those with IUCN threatened spp).  Black rats persisted on a number of islands in Western Mexico with less than 100mm annual rainfall and several with <10mm annual rainfal. San Roque Island (Pacific), San Jorge Islands (northern Gulf of California), Rasa Island & San Pedro Martir Island (central Gulf of California).  You should be able to get rainfall dat for these islands from the Global Islands Database.  My sense is that rainfall isn't as important as food supply.  All these islands had breeding seabirds, some vegetation and large enough tides to make intertidal foraging productive.  
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Good Day,
I am trying to figure the analysis I need to do for my project. I study shrimp and fish in 3 tropical intermittent streams. I am testing to see if there is a difference in species composition at different elevations. My experimental design includes a low, mid-, and high elevation site in each stream. I have selected 3 streams, so therefore 9 sites total. I chose 3 streams so I can say with confidence that a species distribution changes with elevation. I have been sampling for a year. I have sampled at each site 4 random times in the year; therefore, I have collected 12 samples for each stream (4 at the low site, 4 at the mid-site and 4 at the high elevation site). Altogether 36 samples. We have a dry and wet season here. Seasonality is a covariable.
What is the best way to setup my data? Recommendations for analysis? Help is much appreciated:)
Thank You,
Kayla
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You are doing sort of a repeated measures analysis of variance, or, as mentioned above, repeated measures analysis of covariance. In JMP, the organization of the dataset has to be the way JMP wants it (which requires a little manipulation from the most sensible way to input the data) and you have to have sample ALL moments in ALL treatments. If you have empty cells, it makes it more complicated, although there are ways to get around it. It is beyond the limits of this medium of discussion to explain how to rearrange your data - although the help in JMP is pretty good at explaining it. Also, your sample size is very small for such a complex analysis, as Maurizio suggested. In general, a multivariate scheme requires an N of 25 plus 3 times the number of treatments as a minimum. If it is very complex, add 25 per level.
I hope this helps!  Jim
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Island biogeography is essentially a concept of colonisation vs extinction in relation to various environmental factors. What is not new is equilibrium points well explained in keynesian economics (macro economics). I was just curioius if the analogies were compared. 
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Dear Salvador,
MacArthur and Wilson's (1967) Island biography theory is based upon equilibrium achieved between  extinction rate and immigration rate of species. Moreover, distance to  and size of the mainland also influence this rate.
On the other hand Keynesian economics says government intervention is needed to improve the aggregate demand since free market economy ha no self balancing mechanism to reach  full employment.
  Island biography theory is based on self-balancing mechanism which also influenced by the size and the distance from mainland.  In contrast, Kensian theory says no self-balancing mechanism. Then where is the analogy rather than a contrast?
 Upananda
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I.e. not just the destruction of native species by predating, like with rats or Euglandina rosea, but replacing in some other way, concurrence for resources or something. Maybe on the islands or in the some insular habitats. Especially interesting with invertebrates (have a case with land snails). I need some references with examples in citable journals.
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I have another, circumstantial case involving snails again. On Madeira, the endemic land snail Caseolus bowditchianus became extinct at (within the limits of radiocarbon dating) at the time the introduced Theba pisana, a similar-sized introduced snail appears in the fossil record, i.e. around 1420-1500 CE, when the Portuguese first colonised the island. I don't have a pdf of the relevant paper but it is in the bibliography of this paper attached: goodfriend et al. Of course, there were habitat changes too, so the case is not certain.
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Something akin to the notion of a Lazarus speceis: ""Lazarus species" is applied to organisms that have been rediscovered as being still alive after having been widely considered extinct for years". The idea of a Romeo Error is when conservationists pre-maturely label a species "EXTINCT" and then do NOTHING to conserve its habitat...so it may eventually die-off after no conservation attention has been given (yet it was alive!). Do freshwater fish biologists/naturalists find this term useful. Any examples? Is there anything published using this term or its kin?
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I had to look up a few but here are some papers that deal with Elvis Taxa:
The paper that introduced the term:
Erwin, D.H., Droser M.L. 1993, Elvis taxa. Palaios 8(6): 623-624.
 
A paper in French with an english abstract only taht seems to argue against the use of the term "Elvis taxon":
Lethiers F., Casier J.-G. 1999, Taxons "Lazares" et taxons "Elvis': ~ utiliser avec circonspection. [Lazarus and Elvis taxa: to use cautiously]. GEOBIOS, 32, 5: 727-731. Villeurbanne, le 31.10.1999.
 
Two examples for Elvis taxa with an interesting biblography:
Wrzołek,T . 2002. Devonian history of diversity of the rugosan Cyathaxonia fauna. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47(2): 397–404.
Saucéde, T., Néraudeau, D. 2006, An ‘Elvis’ echinoid, Nucleopygus (Jolyclypus) jolyi, from the Cenomanian of France: phylogenetic analysis, sexual dimorphism and neotype designation. Cretaceous Research  27(4): 542–554
 
I hope these papers are intersting to you, Leonardo.
 
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In order to get insight in the biodiverstity of a particular area containing islands, rifs and continental coasts, do we have to implement the biodiversity by a theory based on environmental equilibrium or based on random migrations and drifts? Your suggestions will be very helpful
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Sorry Artur, I used the terminology of Stephen Hubbell in his Unified Neutral Theory of Biodiversity and Biogeography. Perhaps a good first step?