Islamic Architecture - Science topic

There are many articles and dissertation theses in Turkish. You can search and read in Turkish. The journals and books in Turkiye have also a few articles in Arabic about Medieval Mousul and its architecture. For example:

هناك الكثير من النصوص التاريخية التي تشير إلى وجود مثل هكذا رموز تعكس فكرهم ومعتقداتهم، فكانت أبرز تلك الرموز، على ما ذكر المقريزي، في كتابه اتعاظ الحنفا، أن العادة جرت في عهد الفاطميين أن يشهروا سب السلف من الصحابة، ويبدو أن تلك العادة وصلت إلى حد تثبيت عبارة السب والشتم ضمن نقوش كتابية توزعت على الجوامع والمساجد، فأورد ضمن حوادث سنة 397ه قوله: ((أمر الحاكم بأمر الله الفاطمي بمحو ما هو مكتوب على المساجد والأبواب وغيرها من سب السلف، فمحي بأسره، وطاف متولي الشرطة حتى أزال سائر ما كان منه))، ويقول في موضع آخر والحديث عن الحاكم بأمر الله ((وكان قد رأى في طريقه وقد راكب لوحاً فيه سب على السلف فأنكره ووقف حتى قلع، وتتبع الألواح التي فيها شيء من ذلك، فقلعت كلها، ومحى ما كان على الحيطان منها حتى لم يبق لها أثر)).

Changing the use of historic buildings due to the preservation of the building can lead to the dynamism of historic buildings. The abandonment of historical monuments and the lack of proper use of them will cause their destruction as much as possible, but the reality is that today the historical monuments that were used in their time, can not be used as in the past. With a few changes in the historical buildings, they can be used optimally and attract tourists. In changing the uses, the buildings are not destroyed, but in the direction of the initial use of the building, the existing changes are made. Changing the use of historic buildings will save this building from certain death. A place that seems to be successful in land use change that can also be economically successful and bring economic values ​​to these works and buildings. A monument is alive and dynamic despite the presence of people, wherever the attraction remains stagnant, the rate of its destruction increases, but a proper change of use based on society and the present can revive an abandoned monument.

Good Answer Ahmed El Amine Bekhelif

I Agree With Eman Shokry Hesham

Thank you Dr. Eman Ahmed Aref Gomaa for your answer! I found a very interesting photograph in his collection for my work. However, the photograph belongs to Lekegian not Creswell! http://digitalcollections.aucegypt.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15795coll14/id/1112/rec/2

Ramadan Kareem.

También puedes mirar por google earth muchos pueblos de las Alpujarras, Sierra de los Filabres y Axarquía que no han crecido y por tanto mantienen el trazado musulmán, la única diferencia es que la mezquita fue reconvertida en iglesia católica (en muchos casos incluso quedan restos de las mezquitas por su belleza como mirhab o minaretes). Te digo los que considero más puros: Castro de Filabres, Archez, Fiñana, Níjar, Velefique, Capileira, Pampaneira, Bubión, Sayalonga, Frigiliana, Canillas de Albaida... Te pongo uan foto del alminar de Archez.

The box-counting method is too mechanistic. Instead, I would suggest some organic or natural ways of determining fractals; see the related papers on the new definition of fractal:

Francisco,

For wood and charcoal/carbon 14C dating is fairly reliable. It really isn't that good for something dating newer than around 1850, but since Alhambra dates earlier than that a recent date would answer your question too. As I said, the carbon in wrought iron might be used to date the doors, but I am not certain and also don't know how large a sample would be needed if it was possible. Lime mortar and lime plaster that uses calcium carbonate can be dated by 14C, though it takes a larger sample than normal carbon dating. Ceramics can be dated using thermoluminescence. Tree ring dating for the wood is the most accurate, but there needs to be a sufficient number of rings in the sample in order to compare with known baseline data in that area if established.

JAG

Hi

The common ideas and beliefs associated with the blue color of some peoples are the color of envy. We have often heard stories that indicated that blue eyes are the most enviable, and we have often heard about a blue bead used by many people. As a response to envy, as a kind of response to the power of color effect in the same color used as a talisman.

Hi

I think you can take good information about it mr zomarshi

I think he knows a lot of things about that.

حسین زمرشیدی

Dear colleague,

There is an evidence on the earliest use of flutes as musical instrument circa 35000 years ago and was published in Nature. Here’s the link. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v460/n7256/full/nature08169.html

The best,

For political or economic reasons.

it is extremely valuable to have this.  In part because as Rakesh said a useful career summary is valuable to researchers.  In part because it is useful to know that iconic figures have died, I once made the mistake of holding back publication because I was awaiting comments from an eminent figure who had in fact died.  Finally iconic figures should have the tributes they have earned posted in as many places as possible, ok the last is a personal point of view rather than a contribution to research effectiveness.

Behrens-Abouseif, D. The Islamic History of the Lighthouse of Alexandria. Muqarnas

Vol. 23 (2006), pp. 1-14.

The above article is excellent. It seems that there are no surviving accounts of Sosastros' plans, but there are very valuable accounts of later modifications and repairs, mainly in travel writings.

My answer to the question is "Yes", there is definitely a relationship between "Globalization" and "Architecture", regardless of the types of culture. From my point of view, rapid urbanization and technological advances have resulted in more and more standardization of built environments, depriving human habitats of cultural and regional identity, in which the trend of standardization is becoming an international malaise as the same building methods, materials, and styles are applied.

For some, globalization entails the Westernization of the world. Some see globalization as generating increasing homogeneity, while others see it producing diversity and heterogeneity through increased hybridization.

Two tensions caused by globalization on architecture: one seeks to safeguard and promulgate established indigenous architectural traditions, forms, decorative motifs, and technologies, while the other promotes invention and dissemination of new forms using new technologies and materials in response to changing functional needs and sensibilities. It places a premium on systemization, flexibility, and interchangeability. I think this happens in any where, any place, and to any culture. 

You are going to want a good DSLR that can accept a prime lens. 

Personally I recommend Nikon as they have not changed the connector for their lenses in decades and from what I understand, have no plans to in the near future. This I feel gives you a bit more longevity to your investments because you can use older lenses on newer camera bodies allowing you to keep your equipment up to date with the current photography technologies. Costco usually has a decent bundle with almost everything you need to get started. Other well-known brands would also be sufficient, (such as Canon) but they tend to change the bezels that connect the lenses to the cameras from time to time which forces you to replace your whole kit rather than just the body.

I would also add that you probably will want to add a prime lens to your arsenal as they do not zoom which will allow you to ensure that your measurements you are calculating with are accurate; however if you are *very* careful, you could do this with a kit lens as well. As recommended earlier a 20mm Prime lens would be the best one to start with for your application.

As for software, I haven't worked in depth with any of the software that can help you in your project, so I won't put my foot in my mouth there.

I think one of the best resource that can help you about the symbolic role of tree in sufism is old illustrations of sufi books in particular persian poem book from middle age illustrated in iran such as Khamsa Tahmasbi (16th century, Iran). in these works painters, who were often sufi or familiar to sufism, illustrated stories in shrines or at least in architectural space. 

I hesitate to comment on a building typology that I understand little of in terms of primary use. However I have taught architecture at so many universities in the Muslim world and worked with students and researchers that I have some positive answers for you. As the answer above, there surely can be no doubt. If you look at the predominant form of the mosque in Malaysia you see quite a different result to that in the Middle East. This at least until more recent times when the archetypical dome has arrived there. The Malaysian traditional mosque has a large over sailing often pyramidal roof often with deep overhangs tend steep pitches. This is much more suited to the wet tropical climate and encourages shedding of intense rainwater and cooling cross ventilation which are both characteristic of traditional Malay architecture. Such interpretations are not found or needed in the much drier Arabian gulf for example.

There is a unit in the faculty Alam Bina (built environment ) at University Teknologi Malaysia where I have been visiting professor. It is just outside Johore Bahru where these issues are studied. It is called Kalam. I am sure they could help you.

Dear Ahmed,

Didn't you hear about the term "lure of the East". Think about it Ahmed, and to be Fair, not just the Islamic Architecture. The Egyptian as well as Mesopotamia Architecture was interested by a lot of photographers, painters and historical researchers, because they are the two oldest civilizations all over the world.

Second point is that the remaining architecture shows the power and development which has been reached by these civilizations.

Who study such powerful civilizations could deal with it as a mystery. One of the famous information poses an interesting Hypothesis that the "Anunnaki" are the Gods as described by the Sumerians, and they had "Android Beings" helping them, can you believe in such a thing?

Finally, if you want a specific answer about Islamic Architecture.

I fully agree with Cecilia. " The legacy of Islamic culture left in southern Europe, made Islamic syntaxes traditional there"and "owning paintings and fine objects of the Middle East... what could be more desirable?",

all that because of the unique society and Architecture in an Islamic country called Egypt " Mother of the world" as Egyptians say.

@C. Lewis Kausel: I am not an expert in architecture, the “Mughal Architecture” in India with its crowning glory “Taj Mahal”, is considered to be the fusion of Indo-Islamic-Persian architecture. I am not sure where such variants be considered?

That's a good question. Ideally, it should be defined through the spiritual space, but many people don't see it that way. In countries such as Holland and Belgium this is a very controversial issue as too many people put too much importance and value on the traditional architectural characteristics, whether in a positive or negative way. The "autochthonal" (as used in Holland and Belgium), Christian part of the population generally doesn't like to see these architectural characteristics in their living environment as it reminds them of the presence of a growing Islamic part of the population, mostly made up of immigrants and their descendents from Turkey and Marocco. The latter are often very conservative and generally consider the ability to apply traditional architectural characteristics to their spiritual spaces as a strong affirmation of their identity. Designs for new mosques that lack these architectural characteristics are usually not very much appreciated and as a result, few such examples are realized.

Of course, from the point of view of an architectural style, strong architectural characteristics simplify the specification of the style, as exemplified by the application of shape grammars to define the typology of classical period Ottoman mosques (e.g., Şener and Görgül, 2008). The concept of a spiritual space is much more difficult to capture formally.

If you are still in East Africa, you can visit Zanzibar National archive, you may be able to get some more information on Funzi. if you have a chance to visit Zanzibar please meet with professor Abdul -Sherif or google his name and then you could have contact- email address, he will be helpful