Irrigation and Water Management - Science topic

Nepal is expanding its irrigation facilities as an adaptive measure to climate change; however, the current canal conveyance efficiency (CCE) is low with significant water losses. In this study, we assess the potential impact of increasing CCE on the productivity of rice, maize, and wheat under different climate change scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP3-7.0...

Water security and food security are fundamental pillars of sustainable social and economic development [...]

This is a reference book in the field of soil health and irrigation water management useful for academicians, researchers, students, Government functionaries and water management professionals.

Irrigation water management is crucial for enhancing wheat production in Ethiopia, especially in lowland regions like Amibara, where salinity and improper irrigation practices affect crop yields. This study was conducted at Werer Agricultural Research Center to determine the optimal irrigation frequency and amount that enhances water use efficiency...

Food security remains a persistent challenge in Nigeria, a country with a rapidly growing population and a heavy reliance on rain-fed agriculture. Effective irrigation water management is crucial to improving agricultural productivity and addressing this critical issue, particularly in the face of climate change and increasing water scarcity. This...

In Greece, irrigated agriculture is the largest consumer of water, potentially causing significant environmental impacts. Given the pressure that the water bodies are under, the proper management of irrigation water is necessary to improve the ecological conditions in the river estuaries. The need for irrigation management practices that safeguard...

The present investigation entitled "Response of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.var. italica) to different fertigation levels and microbial consortia under drip irrigation and plastic mulch" was conducted on the farm of Interfaculty Department of Irrigation Water Management, Post Graduate Institute, MPKV, Rahuri, Dist. Ahmednagar (Maharashtra) with a...

A study was conducted with the objective of determining the effect of deficit irrigation on maize (Zea mays L.) under conventional, fixed, and alternate furrow irrigation. The experiment was conducted at Jimma Agricultural Research Center (JARC) in 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 dry periods. Nine treatments of different deficit irrigation levels were fact...

Evaluations of irrigation water management and organizational scenarios are essential for tracking project performance. For Dirma small-scale irrigation small-scale irrigation scheme, an exhaustive investigation on irrigation water management and organizational structures performance has been carried out. The data collected for this study were fiel...

Nature-based solutions (NBS) offer innovative and sustainable approaches to address irrigation water management challenges, since they can contribute significantly to enhancing water retention, reducing soil erosion, and optimizing water use efficiency. Within this framework, the Soil & Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was applied in the Pinios H...

This study evaluated the on‐farm performance of two small‐scale irrigation schemes, Furfuro and Bedene Alemtena (hereafter referred to as Bedene), in the Ethiopian Rift Valley. Two sets of performance indicator parameters were used. The first group was internal performance indicators, which included conveyance, water application and application uni...

Water resources were subjected to ever-increasing supply constraints due to extensive agricultural water demand for irrigated lands and, scarcity of water, lack of irrigation water management and erratic rainfall distribution is the major problem in agricultural production. Water saving irrigation technology (alternate furrow irrigation) is key for...

Irrigated agriculture has been practiced in Ethiopia for several centuries and performance of scheme was poor due to inadequate irrigation water management practices. This study was conducted to evaluate irrigation water management indicators and to suggest possible mitigation measure for Arba Minch irrigation scheme. Primary data such as field and...

Climate change has a considerable impact on irrigated agriculture, which is vital for food and fiber production. In this study, in the context of climate change, simulation model CROPWAT 8 was employed to compute the reference evapotranspiration, and net irrigation water requirement for wheat, barley, maize, sugar beet, potato, tomato, and date pal...

Improving irrigation water productivity by promoting the economic value of water is an essential strategy for sustainable water resource management. This study aims to evaluate the economic worth of irrigation water and water productivity (WP) in Abbay Basin, Ethiopia, using the Residual Valuation Method (RVM). Irrigated crop input used, production...

Aerated irrigation, an innovative development in irrigation water management, introduces a new dimension to optimize crop growth and resource utilization. This approach involves infusing oxygen-rich air into irrigation water, improving soil aeration and benefiting plants. Aerated irrigation is gaining significant attention for its potential to revo...

The fate of agriculture in Pakistan is predominantly concerned with excessive water mining threats to the subsurface water resources. The current study integrates the Visual MODFLOW-2000 application to estimate the water balance of an aquifer bounded by the Chenab River in the West and the Ravi River in the East, which covers an area of about 2.98...

Water withdrawals for irrigation at an unsustainable rate resulted in a decline in the groundwater levels in the Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer (MRVAA) in the central southern USA. This drawdown of groundwater threatens agricultural production in the Mississippi Delta, an important agricultural region in the state of Mississippi, USA. Ef...

An accurate estimate of the amount of water used in an irrigation scheme is vital to conserve water resources, although a reliable scheme-level estimate is difficult. The study used remote-sensing technologies to assess the Koga irrigation scheme’s performance in the Blue Nile River Basin, Ethiopia. Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL)...

scheduling tool can improve water use efficiency and crop production, especially under circumstances of limited water supply. The current study evaluated the performance of different artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms and their ensembles in forecasting Crop Evapotranspiration (ETc) and Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) against calculated single c...

Irrigated agriculture has a large share in food production as compared to rainfed agriculture to match the food demands of the existing population and therefore plays a significant part in agriculture development. Rapidly growing demands of water in numerous water utilization sectors, namely agriculture, industry, domestics, etc., climate change, d...

Water resources allocation in Stung Sen basin face the problem of water management that causes water scarcity during dry season due to increasing water demand, climate change, lack of irrigation system for providing sufficient water and lack of proper technical water management. To solve this problem, Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model was...

In the context of climate change, where precipitation is decreasing and poorly distributed over time, and the cost of irrigation water is increasing, an efficient and sensible water supply system is critical to reduce water waste without compromising crop productivity. To achieve this, a system that assists farmers in irrigation scheduling and mana...

The increasing level of water demand leads to higher pressure in the water irrigation system due to environmental degradation in watersheds and irrigation canals. Irrigation water management requires the involvement of stakeholders, including the government and farmers, as the water user association. Stakeholders are expected to be able to carry ou...

This paper aims to calibrate the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and to evaluate model performance on irrigated-rice yield and evapotranspiration estimation in the Greater Mae Klong Irrigation Project area. Crop parameters were calibrated using rice phenological data and the yield collected from the experimental plot at the Irrigation W...

In this study, operational decision support systems (DSSs) for irrigation water management that utilize data from weather stations (W/S) or weather data services are presented. The challenges and the ways in which various systems address them are summarized based on a review of the relevant scientific literature and information provided on the webs...

Water is a precious natural resource for sustaining life, agriculture and environment. The dependability on groundwater has reached high in all time in recent decades due to reasons such as unreliable supplies from surface water due to vagaries of monsoon, increase in demand for domestic, agricultural and other purposes. Karnataka is largely depend...

Irrigated agriculture enables production intensification and crop diversification to improve food security. However, increasing irrigation water stress and inadequate competence of smallholder farmers in irrigation water management have the potential to exacerbate food insecurity. Therefore, this study seeks to determine smallholder farmers’ compet...

A field water balance model for efficient irrigation water management of corn was developed using Excel VBA. The model consists of five sub-components or modules, namely, (1) a plant subcomponent, (2) an effective rainfall subcomponent, (3) an evapotranspiration subcomponent, (4) a soil water dynamics subcomponent for the modeling of water flow int...

In most of the arid regions such as Saudi Arabia, water used for cultivated land is counted as one of the most important factors that affect the consumption of water, as sources of irrigation include underground water, precipitation, and treated sewage water. This chapter focusses on the impact of different soil amendments at different rates (4% bi...

Nickel (Ni) is an essential micronutrient for plants although it is considered toxic when present in excess in the soil. This study investigated the transfer of Ni from the soil to rice in terraced paddy fields affected by serpentinite, which contains an anomalously higher Ni content compared with other geological materials. Soils, soil solutions,...

The deficit irrigation offers water savings potential that is becoming popular in arid and semi-arid regions reducing freshwater use over time. A two-year factorial experiment was conducted to evaluate growth, yield and water productivity of tomato under water deficit irrigation of the drip and furrow method. The experiment was carried out in a spl...

The pressure on water resources is due to different factors that affect agricultural development for food security. Large agricultural lands are not irrigated because of limited water resources and poor irrigation water management. This results in poor crop water productivity. Therefore, this paper focused on finding alternative techniques of irrig...

Keeping in view the important role of improved and efficient irrigation practices in enhancing the production and productivity of horticultural crops, this article puts-forth some innovative approaches to water management of these crops. The practices of water harvesting suitable for the arid, semi-arid and undulating topographies are also discusse...

Handheld optical sensor was used to measure canopy reflectance at red region (656 nm) and near-infrared region (774 nm) to generate NDVI data for monitoring rice productivity under soil amendment with combinations of fertilizers at two levels of water regime in smallholder Irrigation Scheme, in Lower Moshi, North Tanzania. The study was carried out...

The structure of an integrated hydrodynamic modelling framework intended to describe the dynamics of surface irrigation is presented in this work. Specifically, the modelling framework, named IrriSurf2D, is constituted by a combination of three elements i.e. (i) high-resolution topographic data of ground surface, (ii) two-dimensional shallow water...

As two irreversible trends—population growth and climate change advance further, demand for water conservation will increase. Since irrigation is the major source of use (and waste) of freshwater, the professionals in this field will be under pressure to find innovative ways to increase physical irrigation efficiency. Irrigation water management pr...

Benchmarking of irrigation performance can be defined as the process of identifying the gap between the current performance of an irrigation entity and its achievable potential, and carrying out a comparative analysis to guide changes that can realize higher performance. There is such a need to initiate benchmarking of the irrigation sector in t...

The availability of water for agricultural production is under threat from climate change and rising demands from various sectors. In this paper, a simulation-optimization model for optimizing the irrigation schedule in the Bilate watershed was developed, to save irrigation water and maximize the yield of deficit irrigation. The model integrated th...

In this study, a photovoltaic (PV)-based pumping system with a complete water management procedure has been designed for irrigation purposes. The proposed design has been optimized considering the specific crop and its harvesting period in the Dinajpur district of Bangladesh. This technique is intended for rural areas that encounter difficulties i...

It has been established that climate change has a direct impact on water availability, an essential resource for agricultural development. As a result, controlling, mitigating, and adapting to water deficit requires the advancement of research on promising wild flora species. As recent studies have shown, wild relatives of certain cultivars are tol...

Irrigation water management

n plants, it is one of the important factors to provide ecological factors for productivity. Plants perceive the effects of environmental factorsoutside as stress and create appropriate physiological responses in their metabolism. Water stress is a type of abiotic stress and is oneof the important factors affecting the growth and development of pla...

Sugarcane productivity is declining in western India. To meet the domestic demand for sugar, jaggery, juice (beverage), and other diversified uses (ethanol, biomass, etc.), there is a need to enhance cane productivity to around 150 t ha−1 by the year 2030 from the present 78.3 t ha−1 in view of the constraint on the availability of more water for c...

Rapid decline in available water for crop production has led to the adoption of irrigation schedules for meeting water supply throughout cropping seasons. Nonetheless, the loss of water from soil often results in spells of water stress between schedules, which adversely affect crop yield. Hence, the use of mulch in conserving soil moisture in irrig...

Experiments were conducted at South Valley Agricultural Research Station,Toshka Aswan Governorate, during the 2020 and 2021 seasons. An attempt to reach the highest efficiency of irrigation water use and the maximum response of an economical oil crop to modern irrigation systems anddeficit irrigationin the canola crop. Results of the values of ETo...

Water resource management and planning is challenging in the last decade. However, reform in water management can make important contributions to minimize and reduce water scarcity. The agricultural sector uses a major share of the available water resources globally. Irrigation water management is an important mean for food security in semi-arid-ar...

Efficient ICT tools covering extensive areas consist important tools for tackling poor efficiency in participatory irrigation networks. IRMA_SYS, a climate smart irrigation DSS that assists implementation of good agricultural practices regarding the use of irrigation water without requiring in-situ equipment installation, is implemented to document...

Irrigation water management is necessary for a successful irrigation system. Knowledge and tools on irrigation management is thus a requisite for profitable and sustainable use of the scarce water resources in Kenya. The study determined the irrigation water requirement of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) crop in Rachuonyo catchment using CropWat m...

The field experiment was conducted during winter season for the consecutive 2 years (2020-21 and 2021-22) at Instructional Farm of CAET, JAU, Junagadh to determine the inputs and outputs model parameters for calibrating, validating and testing of AquaCrop model. The LAI, biomass and yield of fresh green cob and fodder were observed from each of 2 r...

Irrigation water management practices are the main strategies to improve water productivity. This research work was focused to study the performance of alternate and paired row furrow irrigation systems at three levels of irrigation (100%, 75%, and 50% of crop evapotranspiration) using different water productivity indicators for onion crops. The ex...

The experiment was conducted for two consecutive years of 2015-16 and 2016-17 at Irrigation Water Management Farm, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri to assess the effect of drip fertigation on growth and yield of papaya (Carica papaya L.) cv. Red lady. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The treatments co...

In this study, in the context of climate change simulation models were employed to compute the reference evapotranspiration (ETo), net irrigation water requirement (NIWR) and design a new sprinkler irrigation system for two arid sites (Siwa Oasis and West Elminya fields) inside the 1.5-million acres reclamation project in the Egyptian western deser...

Red gram occupies a unique position in Indian agriculture by constituting the regular protein supplier to the average Indian diet. Field experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of different irrigation regimes of drip irrigation on red gram under two different of methods sowing viz., dibbling and transplanting condition during Kharif sea...

With the advancement of information and communication technology, various types of soil moisture sensors have been developed. Coupled with data loggers, these sensors could prove useful in monitoring soil moisture in upland crop production areas which in turn could be used for efficient irrigation water management. However, most of these sensors ar...

Handheld Optical Sensor was used to measure canopy reflectance at red region (656 nm) and near-infrared region (774 nm) to generate NDVI data for monitoring rice productivity under soil amendment with combinations of fertilizers at two levels of water regime in smallholder Irrigation Scheme, in Lower Moshi, Tanzania. The study was carried out in an...

This article describes the opinions and perceptions of farmers on water management tools that conserve groundwater and on alternative sources of water for irrigation. The analysis is based on a survey of producers (N=466) across the Lower Mississippi River Basin (LMRB) areas of Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Missouri. Summary statistics of p...

Water is becoming a very scarce natural resource and a limiting factor for crop production. At the same time the demand for food grain production is continuously on the rise due to ever-burgeoning human population. To address this challenge, we need to focus on development/refinement of water-use efficient agricultural practices like precision irri...

Soil carbon (C) sequestration has gained worldwide attention for sustainable agricultural production while mitigating C footprints through reduced greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission. Soil organic C (SOC) directly impacts the soil health and long-term sustainability of terrestrial cropland ecosystems. SOC pool of surface soils (0–30 cm) across India a...

Soil carbon (C) sequestration has gained worldwide attention for sustainable agricultural production while mitigating C footprints through reduced greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission. Soil organic C (SOC) directly impacts the soil health and long-term sustainability of terrestrial cropland ecosystems. SOC pool of surface soils (0–30 cm) across India a...

In this paper we propose a robotic system for Irrigation Water Management (IWM) in a structured robotic greenhouse environment. A commercially available robotic manipulator is equipped with an RGB-D camera and a soil moisture sensor. The two are used to automate the procedure known as "feel and appearance method", which is a way of monitoring soil...

The Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer (MRVAA) is being depleted, and practices that improve water stewardship have been developed to reduce drawdown. This study assesses how Mississippi Delta producers changed their perceptions of these practices over time. The analysis employs data from two surveys carried-out in 2012 and 2014 of all Missi...

Farmers in indigenous knowledge practices are not much considered in terms of irrigation water management in Metekel zone. The study was conducted in different districts of Metekel zone, North Western Ethiopia in order to identify local irrigation water management related knowledge and practices of the farmers, to identify the best indigenous irrig...

Morphometry is a response to specific hydrologyand it provides an insight for watershed management especially inagriculture dominated River basins. In this paperan attempt is made to comprehend the morphometric propertiesthe Warana River basin in order to obtain insight intinto the hydrological situation of the Warana River basin inMaharashtra. Mor...

This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of organizational arrangement for irrigation water management in Serenta irrigation scheme. The different indicators considered were Water Users Association (WUA) structure, water allocation and distribution systems, water distribution fairness status, conflict management mechanisms in water use,...

Decreasing availability of water and increasing consumption of it in recent years shows water management plans increase its value. Depending on water consumption in the current and previous years, it is important to predict water consumption in the coming years and make plans accordingly. Evaluation of the performance of water use in agriculture, i...

Given the aesthetic, cultural, ecological, and economic value of the date agro-system i