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Irrigation - Science topic
Explore the latest questions and answers in Irrigation, and find Irrigation experts.
Questions related to Irrigation
The article titled “Effect of Mulching Practice as Soil Moisture Conservation for Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Production under Supplemental Irrigation in Yabello District of Borana Zone, Ethiopia”.
I have been boggled by a seemingly simple problem. Many studies state that "The water contents of the pots were checked daily by weighing and adjusted to field capacity."
How is this performed? What pre-tests should I carry out to know approximately how much water I should be adding to my pots to keep them at FC? Anyone?
IoT, Flooded irrigation, rice cultivation, water saving technology, 4IR
No Nordeste Brasileiro um fator limitante em termos de produtividade do milho é o uso limitado de tecnologia, que resulta em uma produtividade média de 4.000 kg ha-1, em comparação com a produtividade de mais de 8.000 kg ha-1 em áreas com menos risco ambiental e com alta aplicação de insumos agrícolas e irrigação, como estes no centro-oeste e sul do Brasil (CONAB, 2019).
Precision agriculture is the use of data, sensors, and technology to optimize crop production, reduce environmental impact, and increase profitability. It is one of the most promising and innovative fields of agriculture today, with many successful case studies and examples from around the world. Therefore , most impressive and inspiring applications of precision agriculture in different crops and contexts will be discussed are(problems should be focused especially intern of Irrigation mgmt, crop protection and yield, livestock, soil health and urban agriculture).
Agriculture is the largest user of fresh water resources, consuming 70% followed by industry (20 %) and municipalities account for remaining 10%. Therefore, by reducing of agriculture water consumption humanity will increase the water resources that are available to those that need it the most, help developing communities around the world in a sustainable manner, reduce soil erosion, reduce conflicts over natural resources, and help to ensure food security for everyone.
How to get old papers?
Moody, W. T. (1966). Nonlinear differential equation of drain spacing. Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division, 92(2), 1-10.
Sakkas, J. G., & Antonopoulos, V. Z. (1981). Simple equations for Hooghoudt equivalent depth. Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division, 107(4), 411-414.
Sakkas, J. G. (1975). Generalized nomographic solution of Hooghoudt equations. Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division, 101(1), 21-39.
My professor has decided to ask us to ask professionals online to help answer this question as a part of our final exam
Instructor’s question: Growing in vertical farms is a hot topic these days. What are your thoughts about sustainability of this innovative food production system? What are the sustainable and non-sustainable aspects of vertical farming? How should it move forward to address food security issue in the future?
Here are some more questions to help understand the issue:
How you make sure you are not competing with local farmers during grow season?
What are the main resources you are using?
Food security has two pieces, availability and affordability! Is there a plan to make food affordable in vertical farm?
Please let me know your comments on this topic :)
There is considerable unclearness about efficiency terms in water related literature pertaining to agriculture - irrigation efficiency (E), (crop) water use efficiency (WUE), and agricultural water productivity (WP).
The "usefulness of these terms for planning and decision making depends on consideration of the scale and local conditions under which these values are obtained. For example from the WUE aspect, releasing cold resistant crop varieties could improve crop yield and hence crop WUE, because of a production increase (increase of the numerator), without any linkage with the denominator." (from Heydari, 2014)
Can someone explain this example? Are there other examples for other efficiency terms? More detailed explanations are welcome! Thanks in advance!
Groundnut variety is TG - 51 (95 days).
Irrigation level = 4 (I-1: Surface Furrow at IW/CPE = 1, I-2, I-3, I-4: Micro-sprinkler with ETc = 100%, 80% and 60%)
Nutrient level = 3 (F-0 : no fertilizers, F-1 : RDF, F-2 : STCR based nutrient dose for 25 q/ha kernel yield + 1 kg/ha B)
Please, suggest parameters/methods/instruments to quantify the growth stage based stress.
I read something about LIMAN irrigation in the Kazakh steppe.
How is LIMAN irrigation: and how is it carried out and does it work?
Thanks, Johann HUMER, Austria
Can anyone help me in getting FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No33? I need it.
I am developing an intelligent irrigation system. I have automatic solenoid valves capable of irrigating at the value of the daily evapotranspiration. and I have soil sensors that measure soil moisture. Is there a simple study to find a correlation between evapotranspiration and soil moisture. I propose to use evapotranspiration value for water quantity prediction and humidity value for exact quantity correction and adjustment. are there any other avenues.
Dear All,
I hope this message finds you well.
Actually, I have a problem with the irrigation management in SWAT model and I would appreciate if you can consult me on this issue.
In my SWAT model I defined the irrigation manually in mgt files using mgt_op=2 and introduced the values of IRR_AMT for each subbasin and HRU and the source of the irrigation one by one based on available data. I have three kinds of irrigation sources which are applied in my model:
reach or dam or shallow aquifer.
For some subbasins and HRUs (for example hru 1 sub1 or hru6 sub1...) the irrigation is defined to be from the reservoir dam but as I checked the OUTPUT.HRU of the SWAT in these regions some parts of irrigation (varied 20% to 80% for some HRUs) are supplied from the shallow aquifer which the value of SA_IRR (irrigated water from the shallow aquifer) shows that in the output file.
It is contradictory that in the theoretical manual is also said as follows:
For a given irrigation event, SWAT determines the amount of water available in the source. The amount of water available is compared to the amount of water specified in the irrigation operation. If the amount available is less than the amount specified, SWAT will only apply the available water. (ver2009, p 375)
Furthermore, I checked the model with different sources added on by one to debug the problem.
If all the irrigation source of a specific subbasin (all HRUs) assumed to be from reach, dam or unlimited source then the SA_IRR (irrigated water from the shallow aquifer) will be zero but if the shallow aquifer introduced as irrigation source for one or more HRUs of a specific subbasin, the other HRUs can also extract the rest of their irrigation water demand from the shallow aquifer as the SA_IRR will be nonzero. It happened for all the other conditions (IRR_SC=1 or RR_SC=2 or 5
According to the analysis of the irrigation source in my SWAT project, I got the following conclusion:
If you define shallow aquifer as an irrigation source in one or some of the HRUs of a specific subbasin, then in all of the HRUs of that subbasin, the SWAT model first supplies the water from the defined source (dam or reach) and then it tries to supply the rest from the shallow aquifer.
So I would appreciate if you let me know why the rest of the irrigation demands supplied from the shallow aquifer, whereas the reservoir is defined as source location of the irrigation.
The output.hru file for one year of running is attached.
Please let me know if you need any further information.
Thank you for your kind support in advance.
Best Regards,
In order to investigate the level of humidity of a soil for irrigation purposes, I'd like to learn more on different types of technology that could define soil's level of humidity as a criteria to determine whether or not a land needs to be watered.
Towards a holistic water vision for national water and food security The discussion focuses on the analysis of comprehensive national water balances: underground and surface water "Blue Water", soil water reserves "Green water", and the net "Virtual Water" flux related to foodstuffs imports/exports; in order to conciliate in a sustainable way water resource supply with the whole demand, including food demand.

Irrigation water is one of the important inputs for agriculture, particularly for dry season cropping. However, rational use of water to achieve maximum productivity is essential. What are the various options to achieve the optimum benefit and sustainable use.
Our need to create alternative water sources is increasing day by day. However, while providing alternative water resources, can we adequately predict long-term effects on the natural balance? Although the dams built on rivers and streams are useful as an irrigation and energy source, serious damage occurs to the habitat on the natural passage areas of the streams. Similarly, can rainwater harvesting in urban or rural areas (especially covering large areas) cause adverse effects both in terms of feeding aquifers and soil-water balance? I don't have a clear opinion on this subject, but I think that we should question how we affect nature in the long run and that we should take our steps carefully.
I mean, is it possible to deliver water as water vapor to the plant root zone? No matter which irrigation method is used, plants cannot benefit from a significant portion of irrigation water. Because we actually give water to the soil, not to the plant. The plant is able to use the water left over from evaporation and deep percolation. Even if we assume that there is no deep percolation, a significant part of the water evaporates from the gaps in the soil. As a suggestion, I think that water can be applied in the form of water vapor to save water in agriculture. Similar to the subsurface drip irrigation system, when the water vapor reaches the root zone of the plant, it can feed the plant roots. There are several methods for evaporating water, but it is necessary to determine an economical and viable method under field conditions.
What is the Impact of drip irrigation on water use and crop production? What percent of water does drip irrigation save compared to flood irrigation? By what amount does drip irrigation increase the crop production compared to flood irrigation?
Can you please also share any relevant publication?
I cannot seem to get irrigation depth to be realistic (always underpredicts). I have tried manual and autoirrigation, increasing irrigation depth, changing stress factors, withdrawal source, and heat units/date scheduling. No option gets me close to the ~300 mm/yr for peanut/cotton, or ~400 mm/yr for corn.
UPDATE: Changing the irrigation method from plant demand to soil moisture demand (WSTRS parameter) causes more realistic irrigation depths for my model, but also causes irrigation to occur all year instead of just during the growing season. Any suggestions?
My farm location has 800 mm rainfall. Soil is deep black soil. Ph:8-8.5 Turmeric is a 9 months crop. I have no drip facility. And I can give irrigation once in every month from November to March. Sowing is done in July last week. Another 600 mm rainfall is expected during August to November, max. being in August, September and October, with ~30, 50, 20 ratio. If I use mulch I cant use surface irrigation. And rainfall will be probably lost through surface runoff. However, mulch conserves soil moisture, keeps water losses away from weeds and minimizes weed load, reduces soil temperatures. What is the possible production scenario?
I'm trying to design an irrigation system in which I'm able to get slow liquid flow (dripping) out of multiple holes (exit points) that is uniform across all of the holes. The issue I keep running into is that any discrepancies in the holes - be it slight differences in size, orientation, etc.- results in a preferential path for the liquid and the flow becomes nonuniform; it flows fast out of some holes and slow (or not at all ) out of others.
Any thoughts on an approach would be greatly appreciated.
Urea is the major nitrogen fertilizer in India almost 80% of the nitrogen fertilizer is in the form of urea, so application dynamics of urea with relation to irrigation has a prime importance to increase the NUE and WUE.
Globally, there are more than 45,000 large dams in operation in over 150 countries and another 1500 or so are currently under construction according to World Wildlife Fund (WWF). Dams and weirs have been built on rivers (a barrier across a river) to achieve a number of benefits including water storage, irrigation supply, drinking water, preventing floods, navigation, hydroelectricity production, and recreation etc. In recent time, most dam construction is taking place in the developing world, such as in China and India. 46 new large dams being planned or under construction in the Yangtze River basin in China; 27 in the La Plata basin in South America; 26 in the Tigris and Euphrates Basin in Turkey, Syria and Iraq. Dams are also planned on three other rivers: the Salween in China, Thailand and Myanmar, the Kizilirmak in Turkey, and the Ganges in China, Nepal, India and Bangladesh.
The development of engineering infrastructure such as dams and weirs over rivers has modified rivers ecosystems threatening the water quality (e.g. salinity, cold water pollution) and water dependent biodiversity (e.g. native fish). Dams disconnect rivers from their flood plains and wetlands, reduce water flows in rivers, and affect the migratory patterns of fish. In general, water retention by dams eliminates or reduces spring runoff or flood pulses that often play a critical role in maintaining downstream riparian and wetland ecosystems including the lifecycle of fish. Older dams release water that is stored at the bottom of the dam, which is typically colder and adversely affects species adapted to warmer temperatures. Such an effect is sometime referred to as ‘cold water pollution’. The construction of a dam on a river can block or delay upstream fish migration between feeding and breeding zones and thus may contribute to the decline and even the extinction of species. As a consequence of dams, for example, some unique species and habitats are/will be threatened including freshwater native fish, river dolphins, porpoises and water birds. One estimate reveals that dams and associated uses of water have altered two-thirds of the world’s major rivers.
In Australia, the Federal Government Department (Commonwealth Environmental Water Office) has acquired/is acquiring water with the goals/objectives to increase water flows in rivers and wetlands (commonwealth environmental water). Reduced flows in the Murray Darling Basin (MDB) have already caused environmental problems (increased salinity, increased algal blooms/cyanobacterial blooms, decline in native fish and bird populations and poor wetland health). This environmental water has been/is being recovered through water saving infrastructure upgrades, water purchases (direct buybacks of water entitlements from irrigators) and other water recovery programmes in order to protect or restore the environmental assets of the MDB. The environmental water will help protect and restore the resilience of the MDB’s rivers, wetlands, floodplains, lakes and red gum forests, together with the plants and animals that depend on them. In a number of countries (e.g. third world countries), people may not be familiar with environmental water or environmental flows and a need for environmental water for biodiversity.
Question: Do you agree that there is a need for environmental water/environmental flows to protect biodiversity where dams have been built or to be built? If so, how can we achieve a balance between water usages for consumptive purposes (drinking water, industry and irrigated agriculture) and meeting the demand for environmental flows for smooth functioning of river ecosystems and river biodiversity?
Dear connections, I hope you’re having a great week!
Is there a general technical specification for greywater treatment and reuse in Jordan approved by the Ministry of Water and Irrigation?
Thanks in advance.
#Greywater #Greywater_reuse #Greywater_treatment
According to the 2012 OECD report "Environmental outlook to 2050. The consequences of inaction", the global share of water withdrawal for irrigation in 2050 was expected to drop to about 37.5% of the total withdrawal (from about 67% in 2000). Also in absolute figures, irrigation water withdrawal would drop by 14% (5% in lower income countries).
Such concrete figures do not appear in other global reports (FAO, World Water Development Reports). Any ideas where I may find reliable updates for the prospects towards 2050?
I want to carry out my study over Irrigated Indus Basin and I am looking to benchmark the suitable land-hydrological models to evaluate the impacts of water withdrawals on Groundwater–Surface Water Interactionsof under anthropogenic and climate extreme conditions.
I need to measure the environmental impact of irrigation modernization on the drainage quantity and quality and design criteria also of subsurface drainage system
Can someone help me with different watershed management practices for hilly areas ? Requirement is to have enough water for crop cultivation. I am looking at the hilly areas, any proof of concept or plan available fir India would be really helpful.
Dear Colleagues
I am using the SWAT model in an irrigated basin where I wanna specify the Irrigation database for major crops (sugarcane, maize, rice, wheat, and cotton) in SWAT model simulations. Does anyone suggest to me "how to address the crop management data including growing, harvesting date, and irrigation amount applied for each crop"?
Your's help will be really appreciated.
Thank you very much.
Kind Regards!
Arshad
This product was presented as a decalcifying agent. And, it is used in combination with Sodium hypochlorite. This combination was described as an all-in-one endodontic irrigant.
Hi all!
I would like to ask for your advice please regarding IBM SPSS.
During my experiment I have Variety (Desiree and Pentland Dell), Irrigation ( On or Off) and Inoculum (A, B, C, D) as fixed variables.
My dependent variable is SPAD (continuous values).
After running a 2-way ANOVA I found that Variety had a statistically significant effect on SPAD.
How can I further see what significance levels did Desiree and P. Dell had individually?
Do I do a simple main effect analysis? Do I split the data?
Post Hoc tests are only good for effects that I are not significant if I am not mistaken.
Cheers for your help in advance!
The intelligent irrigation system operates according to a system that adopts the automated scheduling system by means of soil moisture sensors. The use of the intelligent irrigation system allows to know the percentage of water needed by the soil based on their wetness and knowledge of the irrigation needs of crops planted according to the agricultural seasons and the type of crops via satellite sensors Industrial works to monitor the soil moisture level and determine the amount of water necessary to irrigate
What is the best free software for mapping reference evapotranspiration and crop water requirement (iso evapotranspiration curves)? Does anyone have material related to this topic?
Dear peers,
I am currently making a research proposal on conservation of some endangered Ceropegia and Brachystelma species. Please suggest some advanced models/methods/papers to evaluate the soil, water and climatic requirements for both micropropagated and naturally grown endangered plants.
Good morning,
Where can I find a list of crop coefficient (Kc) for Thai crops ?
Thanks
Here is the FAO Dependable Rain Method to computes MONTHLY effective rainfall
Pe = 0.8 P - 25 if P > 75 mm/month
Pe = 0.6 P - 10 if P < 75 mm/month
Where Pe is the monthly effective rainfall and P is the monthly rainfall
If I want to use the same formula to compute DAILY rather than Monthly Rainfall, can I do that?
DailyPe = 0.8 DailyP - 25 if daily P >2.5mm/day (or 75 mm/30 days)
DailyPe = 0.6 DailyP - 10 if daily P < 2.5mm/day (or 75mm/30 days)
Where DailyPe is the daily effective rainfall and DailyP is the daily rainfall.
In a context of climate vulnerability linked mainly to drought and floods, how can small farmers benefit from recession agriculture while minimizing the economic risks affecting their livelihoods (crops, livestock, agricultural equipment, or other)? Or how to enjoy the benefits of spate irrigation without being eternally victims of possible flood damage to crops and other livelihoods of rural families?
What is the rate of adaptation of drip irrigation technology in India? What are the barriers towards adaptation of this technology?
Can you please share any relevant publication?
The availability of micronutrients in soils is reduced go a greater extent with application of saline irrigation. But under the conditions where ground water is saline in nature or soils are inherently saline, the following key points be kept in mind to enhance the micronutrients availability.
1. Alternative irrigation with canal and tubewell waters.
2. Irrigation with mixing of 50 % Canal plus 50 % tubewell water.
3. Grow green manuring crops before sowing of Rabi season crops.
4. Add farm yard manure as amendment if possible.
5. Selection of crops bearing under saline conditions, is necessary.
6. Foliar application of micronutrients if symptoms of deficiency appear.
Irrigation water which has a high sodium hazard (high SAR or RSC) may be used if the soil contains Calcium.
In APSIM Continuous Irrigated Cotton simulation in the output file variables grid, there is no parameters of phenology stages or phases. But for other crops in APSIM model it is available. Any suggestion how to add/drag cotton phenology parameters in output file columns ?
See the image attached to better understand my question.

Irrigated (e.g: 20-25% of the available water holding capacity is supplied)
The relationship between explanatory or independent variable also having an impact on the relationship of dependent and independent variable. To address such relationship, we use interaction term in our model to explain in depth the relationship and also strengthen the explanatory power of our model.
Eg. Crop (DV) and Irrigation (IV), Rainfall; Moderating variable.
The Co-relationship of rainfall and Irrigation also has an impact on the relationship of crop and Irrigation.
I am starting to design a shallow tube well drilling system using power tiller. Before testing this system i would like to know the water layer depth from surface and also the thickness of the layer. I am confused which is best technology to execute this work. So, i would be grateful if anyone can suggest me, and that can be bought to use directly.
We are planning to cultivate this species in north-east Jordan. Would appreciate any insights and recommendations.
We have a severe irrigation water problem in the western desert. The irrigation water is polluted by a high concentration of Iron and Manganese, these minerals are causes emitters clogging and decreased productivity.
Maximum water holding capacity and saturation giving same meaning....
Good Afternoon Everyone! I am working on the optimization of Irrigation supply. For that I need to develop water Balance. The area I am working on is water scarce so, the irrigation is dependent on Surface water as well as on Groundwater Abstraction. My question is how can I add the groundwater Portion in the water balance? As, I don't have any information regarding the volume being extracted. I am having the climatic data, and the Channel flows at head and tail. In addition to that there are also some data points available regarding Groundwater table pre. and post monsoon. Is there anyway to estimate the amount of Groundwater with the available data without using model i.e Swat?
Is the soil water index a good indicator of available soil moisture resulting either from precipitation or irrigation depth?
In general saline ground waters are only available alternative to irrigate the crops and even for drinking purposes in arid parts of the world. For drinking one can go for RO etc., but for irrigation what one should do that too for cheapest rate?
Is there any way to compute effective rainfall in Australia ? Like the the SCS-CN method for the US. It has to be specific to Australia, preferably from observation/experimentation in the field (empirical equation). I am looking for something different from the Dependable Rain (FAO) or the USDA soil conservation service.
Does anyone has a simple empirical formula to compute Daily effective Rainfall for any location in Thailand?
Thanks
The field of crop water management for irrigated agriculture has been undergoing some research innovations deviating from ideal situation into scientific bases and several textbooks information to address these new developments. One of such is the concept of field capacity for different soil textural classes.
The FAO says that effective rainfall is never negative in Paragraph 4.2
Why do I do If I have negative effective rainfall (Pe) in the equation below (I am using the SCS method) ? see equation attached.
I provided the equation for Monthly precipitation. But It is also applicable to Daily precipitation. I get negative daily effective rainfall (Pe) sometimes. So should I nullify Pe then ?
I have to add water in one kilogram soil to make it about 80% field capacity level. What is the best way to measure the amount of water required to attain 80% field capacity in one kilogram soil?
What is the major weakness of SWB model developed and modified by Pretoria university over AQUACROP?
Dear all,
i am working on SWAT to simulate evapotranspiration, in order to set-up the the model i need some crop dataset for State of Tamil Nadu. Datasets are as follows
1.) Crop Operation Data (Dates of Planting, Fertilisation, Irrigation Scheduling, harvest/Kill etc.)
2.) Crop parameter (LAI, BIOMASS and Number of heat units required to reach plant at maturity
Can you anybody suggest where i can get these data?
Thanking you all.
Rajat
Hello every one!!
im looking for the trend of LULC. suppose there is change in Agricultural land then how can i find the trend of it? in the agricultural land, suppose there is particular type of crop cultivation is also changing, how can i capture that trend? in the same line, i'm wondering what would be the resolution of image required to see the changes in particular crop cultivation area?
Dear Researchers,
Has anyone the full text of the following standard?
ISO22856: 2008, Equipment for crop protection —Methods for the laboratory measurement of spray drift — Wind tunnels.
I should consulate it for a research.
Thanks a lot,
Behzad
is there any formula "predicting" water needs of a specific cultivation combining evapotranspiration and soil texture?
Currently i am working in cotton and stone fruits to optimize water inputs.
Thank you
Irrigation sagacity and irrigation efficiency.
This is the scenario:
1) Irrigation water with a composition of ferric nitrate [Fe(NO3)3], ammonium nitrate [NH4NO3], ammonium nitrite [NH4NO2], ammonium nitride [(NH4)3N] and humic acid (full of N). Alcalinity 150 mg/l, hardness 250 mg/l, salinity 0.6 g/L, electric conductivity 1.5 mS/cm, pH 8. 25ºC.
2) Water Ozonization parameters: 3.5 L/min, 80% O2 richness, 65 g O3/m3. Invariable water volume 500 mL.
So...
What do you think it will ocurr?
Will all the nitrogen present in an irrigation water (in its organic or inorganic forms) become nitrate after ozonation of the water?
Will alcalinity or hardness change in any maner?
Will salinity or electric conductivity change?
Will the pH be important for that supposed change?
I'm looking for different and interesting opinions about it because I'm doing experiments on that subject, and reading many papers too, but I'm finding some exciting contradictions.
Thanks in advance.
Juan de Dios

Root intrusion in the drippers is a common problem in subsurface drip irrigation. I am wondering if anyone knows about the chemicals that are commonly used in SDI for preventing root intrusion (preferably in the cereals)?
In addition, I would like to know the dosage or the amount that is required to apply per dripper or per length of the tube in each irrigation event? I need to know so that to calculate the total amount of chemical in each irrigation. Irrigation time may vary.
I already know about the chemical such as commercial acids or the herbicides ( such as Treflan) but I would like to know more about other practical experiences in field crops (not tress, vines, or grasses) and the recommended dosage and application frequency during the growing season.
Thank you,
Seyed
Dear my Friends,
For Mayis Corn Zea planting in Iraq, we divided the land of the experiment to experimental units with dimensions 4x5 m sequre in accordance with A Completely Randomized Block Design (RCBD) in split block arrangement with three replications left the amount of breaks between 2m and 1 m sectors between the experimental unit to another.
The soil Chemical properties are the main components of the soluble salts and accumulated soil study is the ions of Mg, Ca , Na , CL, and high concentrations of these ions in the second depth led to high salinity bit values
According to the results that have been reached by the values of (PH) which are (6.7 to 8.7) and EC soil rates are (3.20- 5.1) and percentage of items that have been found are appropriate ratios for most of the fallen leaves and some species evergreen species (Abdullah and Kanani, 1985)
The design includes four treatments for irrigation is
1- surface drip irrigation (I1)
2- subsurface drip emitter at (10cm ) under soil (I2)
3- Sub surface drip emitter (20cm) under soil (I3)
4- Sub surface drip emitter (30cm) under soil (I4)
and for fertilization we want to practice
1-fertilization with 50 kg NPK. ha (S1)
2-fertilization with 100 kg NPK. ha (S2)
3- fertilization with 200 kg NPK. ha (S3)
For best possible yield, which irrigation and fertilization parameters above must be the largest values? or How can we get optimal yield by managing above parameters??
Thanks in advance for your help and consultation..
Leaf reddening is the cause of stress (biotic, abiotic) indication in sensitive short duration Bt hybrids. Irrigation, Deep vertisols, Stay green Bt hybrid/Bio-stimulants, Long duration hybrids, sucking pest suceeptablitywith insecticides / resistant hybrids and the last WSF against deficit nutrition of P,K, Mg are the causes and found remedies. Stay green colour offered by genotypes, GA3, 6 BA and Strobins and Monocrotophos conjoint additives also.
Hello,
I am trying to setup Aquacrop for the first time by comparing different irrigation schemes (no calibration) in Sudan just to estimate the amount of irrigated water usage. Can anyone point me in the right direction on how to approach that task. For example, if I have wheat, I know the planting date starts around September 10 and the growing season is around 100-120 days.
The crop phenology data I can obtain from AquaCrop Reference Manual while the growing season would be FAO-56
Hence I am trying to figure out when and how much irrigated water you would need to add when do you stop. Running everyone to field capacity creates results that have excessive water usage.
Secondly, how would this change is you change the type of irrigated water.
Any help you can provide would greatly be appreciated. Thanks.
Shaffiq Somani
I want to get information about the modified sugar beet seeds and seed companies in Europe and America .