Invasive Species - Science topic

The wels catfish Silurus glanis Linnaeus, 1758 (Actinopterygii Siluriformes) in Italian waters: a review with first report in the Bolsena lake (Italy) DOI:10.31396/Biodiv.Jour.2022.13.3.673.684

Distribution of fish species in the upper Po River Basin (NW Italy): a synthesis of 30 years of data

DOI:10.4081/jlimnol.2024.2194

Preventing the entry and movement of weed seeds in forests by heavy machinery is a crucial challenge, especially in protecting forests from invasive species. Invasive plants can significantly harm forest ecosystems by outcompeting native species, altering soil properties, and affecting biodiversity.

### Strategies to Prevent the Spread of Weed Seeds by Heavy Machinery:

1. **Cleaning of Machinery**:

- **Pre- and post-operation cleaning**: One of the most effective methods is cleaning heavy machinery before it enters a forest and after leaving a site. This can prevent the spread of seeds stuck to the tires, undercarriage, or other parts of the machine.

- **Portable washing stations**: Establishing **portable pressure-washing stations** near forest entry points could help wash off seeds and soil from equipment. Many studies have shown that seed movement is often facilitated by soil or plant debris carried by machinery.

2. **Establishing Weed-Free Buffer Zones**:

- **Buffer zones at forest edges**: Creating and maintaining weed-free buffer zones along roadsides, log landings, and other areas where machinery is used can minimize the chance of invasive seeds entering the forest.

- **Restricting access**: Limiting machinery access to sensitive areas and known high-risk zones for invasive species can help prevent spread.

3. **Use of Certified Clean Equipment**:

- Ensuring that equipment used in forest operations is **certified clean** or has passed inspection for invasive species. Some regions have implemented programs where contractors must provide clean equipment documentation.

4. **Incorporating Best Management Practices (BMPs)**:

- Developing and promoting **BMPs for forest operations** that include protocols for minimizing invasive species spread through machinery and logging activities. These BMPs could include guidelines for selecting operational seasons (e.g., avoiding work during seed dispersal times of invasive species).

5. **Awareness and Education**:

- Providing training to forestry workers and machinery operators on identifying invasive species and understanding how machinery can act as a vector for seed spread.

- Encourage forest managers to adopt an **Integrated Weed Management Plan** that addresses the movement of machinery and other vectors for invasive species.

### Potential Collaborators and Researchers Interested in This Field:

You can seek collaboration with researchers specializing in **invasive species management**, **forestry operations**, and **ecology**. Here are some potential types of professionals you may want to approach:

- **Invasive Species Biologists**: Focus on the spread of non-native plants and animals and strategies to prevent their establishment.

- **Forest Ecologists**: Study forest ecosystems and could be interested in the impact of invasive species on forest health and biodiversity.

- **Environmental Engineers**: May be interested in developing new technology or methods for cleaning machinery or preventing seed transport.

- **Agroecologists**: Study the intersection between agriculture, ecology, and land management practices, offering insights into how to prevent invasive plants from spreading into forests.

### Example of Research Projects:

1. **Seed Dispersal by Machinery in Forest Ecosystems**: Studies focused on how forestry equipment contributes to the dispersal of invasive plant seeds and practical cleaning methods to reduce spread.

2. **Invasive Species Monitoring and Control in Forests**: Research dedicated to understanding how invasive species spread in disturbed forest ecosystems, particularly after logging operations.

If you're looking to connect with colleagues who may be interested in researching this field, consider reaching out to institutions or researchers with expertise in invasive species management and forest conservation. Posting a call for collaboration on academic platforms like **ResearchGate**, **LinkedIn**, or **scientific forums** might help find researchers with shared interests.

Some universities and institutions with strong programs in forest conservation and invasive species research include:

- **Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies**

- **Oregon State University, College of Forestry**

- **The Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry**

An Anthozoan species, which includes organisms such as corals, sea anemones, and sea pens, can be labeled as invasive if it meets the following conditions:Non-Native Origin: The species must be introduced to an area outside its natural range. This introduction can be intentional (e.g., through aquaculture or the aquarium trade) or unintentional (e.g., via ballast water from ships or through natural dispersal mechanisms).Establishment and Spread: The species must be able to establish a self-sustaining population in the new environment. This involves successful reproduction and spread within the new area.Negative Impact on Native Ecosystems: The species must have demonstrable negative impacts on the native biodiversity, ecosystem functions, or human activities. This can include:Outcompeting native species for resources such as space, light, and nutrients.Altering habitat structures and functions.Introducing diseases or parasites that affect native species.Disrupting ecological relationships, such as predator-prey dynamics or symbiotic associations.Human Health and Economic Impact: In some cases, an invasive Anthozoan species may also be labeled as invasive if it poses risks to human health (e.g., through toxins) or causes economic harm (e.g., damaging coral reefs important for tourism or fisheries).

FYI, that photo on youir question is not Herpetoichthys, but is Myrichthys

Fluctuating water levels can facilitate the spread of non-native aquatic invasive species in the Great Lakes by providing opportunities for these species to move between connected water bodies. For example, if water levels are low, non-native species may be able to cross land barriers such as roads or railways that were previously underwater. Similarly, if water levels are high, non-native species may be able to spread through channels or other water connections that were previously not accessible.

Additionally, fluctuating water levels can also impact the survival and reproduction of non-native species in the Great Lakes. For example, high water levels may provide suitable habitat and cover for non-native species, while low water levels may expose these species to increased predation or other environmental stresses.

Overall, the potential impacts of fluctuating water levels on the spread and survival of non-native aquatic invasive species in the Great Lakes highlights the importance of water level management and the need for efforts to prevent the introduction and spread of these species.

The following links are also very useful: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.26.453896v2.full.pdf

Dear Carolina,

I am really sorry to be unable tu fulfill your requirements !

To obtain 2 kg of dry seaweed it is necessary to process 15 to 20 kg of fresh weight and unfortunately I don't have the possibility to do it. On the other hand the place where I can harvest the seaweed is located in an unhealthy area so there is risk of bacterial contamination.

Hoping you will find another supplier !

Best wishes

Auguste

I second Tom's suggestion: Vegetation Classification and Survey. It's a new journal, and one of the official ones of the International Association of Vegetation Science. Here is its website: https://vcs.pensoft.net/

You could give it a try!

Actually, It depends on the region for which you are working.

I think you do not need to rear this insect on the artificial diet. This insect pest can be reared well on healthy tomato plants (2-3 weeks old) using 50 x 50 x 50 cages with replacing the plants every week or 10 days.

In French Polynesia, to reduce the spread of Wasmannia auropunctata, they ask to clean the construction equipments (excavators, backhoe loaders) when they move to islands free of little fire ants. The dirt and soil you can find on the engines can bring a lot of invertebrates, of course a lot of invasive ants. And check the material such as the wood, to stop the spread of introduced saproxylic beetles.

This is on RG now. Fitzgerald L.A. 2012. Finding And Capturing Reptiles. Pp.77-88. In R.W. McDiarmid, M. S. Foster, C. Guyer, J. W. Gibbons, and N. Chernoff (eds.), Measuring and Monitoring Biological Diversity: Standard Methods for Reptiles. University of California Press, Berkeley, California.

Hello Susan; I'm very curious to know what finally came of your question. Did you learn what you needed to know? Were you able to act on it? Best regards, Jim Des Lauriers

Before addressing the proposed topic, which incidentally, we have been studying for years with other pandemics and epizootics in my laboratory, it should be noted that the hypotheses to understand their origin in humans have a lot to do with the thought of the landscape ecology.

These hypotheses, structured as landscape sciences do, but under the thought of rhizomatic ecology, tell us about how all animals are connected; hypotheses that serve to remind us of our animal condition and that shout at us, because they cannot say it louder, that as much as we live in artificial environments, we continue and will continue to be animals on the planet; a planet called earth which is our holistic environment.

Regardless of the origin or the time we have been together, some animals with others, the pandemic is the result of a zoonosis that may well be direct or indirect, in this case, as of May 2020, the way in which we are transmitted: Hypothesis 1: bats transported to the Guangzhou market were the original source for direct transmission of CoVid-19 to humans; Hypothesis 2: Pangolins (the most trafficked animal on the illegal market worldwide and widely consumed in China and other Asian regions) or a domestic animal such as dromedary or cat, could have been infected with CoVid-19 by bats and be the intermediary vectors of the virus to reach humans; Hypothesis 3: Pangolins could have directly infected the human. As can be seen, the crazy conspiracy idea that it was a virus created in the laboratory by either North Americans or Chinese and deliberately released or accidentally escaped into the environment is discarded biochemically.

Now, to understand this pandemic, we must remember that rhizomatic ecology tells us that humans are immersed in an ecosystem (holon) within larger ecosystems until they reach the Holo (Earth), and that each system has subsystems that directly influence adjacent or remote holons.

Bats are a very special group of mammals because their ability to fly allows them to have very high thermal regulation. Its temperature rises a lot during flight and drops considerably during rest. Their metabolism is more intense than that of the rest of the mammals and their immune system is much stronger, in such a way that they can have viruses, bacteria and parasites without causing apparent damage, but transport them long distances (zoocoria). The tangle of the rhizome extends indefinitely since where the bat reaches, it can infect endemic organisms such as the pangolin or dromedary, or common domestic animals, such as cats. It can even infect people when they are crowded into a market to trade and move more from there; huddled in a refugee camp or crowding into migratory groups to escape environmental catastrophes, dictatorships, famine, for example.

The natural migrations of fauna are becoming more extensive every day in the sense that the borders and the breeding or feeding sites are widening, covering more geographic area, interacting more with humans. A human population from a site that, if it did not previously have contact with said animal, can be infected more easily than people from populations that have lived with this animal for centuries. Likewise, consequences of the recent climate change and the illegal trafficking of species is the favor of this dispersion of pathogens, since the trafficked animals lack a clinical certificate, are transported in poor conditions, increase their stress, and therefore are more susceptible to suffer more pathogens and infect the fauna that accompanies them on their journey and final destination, including humans, of course, since we are also accompanying fauna. Climate change, on the other hand, encourages migratory behaviors in animals that are increasingly longer in their days of searching for places to reproduce, feed, hibernate, etc. The rhizome of the Earth has no territorial beginning or end, lacks a center and has nodes with vanishing lines and nodes with convergence lines, which can change, appear more or disappear; They can also modify their arms and nodal extensions, but it will always remind us that the whole planet is oneself and that humanity belongs to this planet as well as a bat or a pangolin, caring for them is caring for ourselves.

Avoiding the introduction and translocation of biological species is a pending subject of landscape ecology that now tries to give us the same teaching as in the time of the black plague (1347-1353), of cholera (1817), of the Spanish flu ( 1918) or the Asian flu (1957), the numerous cholera pandemics (1961, 1991, 1992 ...), swine flu (1976, 2009 ...), avian flu (1878, 1997, 2003, 2005, 2006 ...) and of course, by CoVid (2003-2004).

Sure, I will be glad to share the progress and results. I just started harvesting my knotweed rhizome buds for propagation. Thanks for the luck.

Dear colleagues,

Many thanks for your kind support.

I will go through the papers and links you have provided.

Best regards,

Giorgio

If we are talking about "alien species", it seems clear to me that the "origin" is to be understood in a (bio) geographical sense. European examples are, among others, the Opuntia and Agave (American tropics), the invasive Robinia pseudoacacia (United States and Canada), Ailanthus (SE Asia). The ecological conditions for the survival and expansion of aliens must fall within the ecological potential of the invader

GBIF provides data worldwide https://www.gbif.org/

Look also to previous analogous question's answers

Now you can try to use the Danish beetle bank

http://www.danbiller.dk/?query=aleocharinae

I think it includes a lot of northern Europe species.

You need to investigate the impact of the invasive plant on native flora, so you would not include it in biodiversity

Hi João ,

The crab rings are widely used in brackish waters of India, especially from south-west coast for mud crab. Since this fishery is sustenance level, reports is very limited. Currently, we working on traps and pots of India, a review article on this underway. I'll share you once its published.

Best wishes,

Chinna

Aquatic hyacinth are indeed a menace to aquatic environment, thinking of how to recycle them is a good idea. However, a typical aquatic hyacinth has higher water content than every other elements. It may therefore be tedious since a very large quantity may give just a little of the elements sort for. We may wish to look for other better ways of recycling them that are cost effective.

Here is another that addresses the concern expressed in the paper just cited in my last answer. So I wonder, are there documented cases of deep water introductions?

Thale AD, Freitag A, Bergman E, Fretz D, Saleu W. 2015. Robots as Vectors for Marine Invasions: Best Practices for Minimizing Transmission of Invasive Species Via Observation-Class ROVs. Tropical Conservation Science 8(3): 711-717; https://doi.org/10.1177/194008291500800308

Good assesment by using models, but i am interested in biological control of such invasive species.

Hi.

I don't have any picture about the subject, but I know there are several recent papers on predation of pelagic seabirds by invasive ants in the Macaronesian archipelagos. I attach one of such papers on it, which perhaps may be of help in order to contact with authors.

Best regards, and good luck.

All invasive species are exotic (e.g. Eichhornia crassipes, Lantana camara & Parthenium hysterphorus) but all exotic species are not invasive (e.g. Acacia auriculiformis, Grevellia robusta & Psidium guajava).

Both exotic and invasive species are non-native species. Generally the harmless non-native species are termed as exotic species. When non-native species becomes harmful to the ecosystem, are termed as invasive species.

You need to understand the basics of what Fst actually means. Fst is the average inbreeding of the subpopulations relative tot the total population, and it is calculated on the basis of the (average) expected heterozygosity of the subpopulations (Hs) and the expected heterozygosity of the total population (Ht), like Fst=(Ht-Hs)/Ht=1-Hs/Ht. In other words, it is the standardized variance in heterozygosity among subpopulations. Nothing more, nothing less. Under very specific circumstances, it can tell us something about gene flow. Don't make the mistake of interpreting every Fst as a measure of gene flow: only when you a wide range of strict assumptions are met (which they never are), can you tell anything about gene flow from FST. See Whitlock & McCauley 1999 (Heredity). When your studied populations are not in migration-drift equilibrium, FST will strongly mislead you in terms of gene flow.

If 98% of the variation is found within subpopulations, this means there is extreme genetic differentiation, nearly complete fixation among subpopulations.

It would be better to show us the actual data, not your intepretation of gene flow. A good start would be hierarchical F-statistics and basic summary statistics (Fis, Fit, Fst, He per population, Ho per population, He of the total population).

Is this the kind of thing you're looking for ?

Mesopredator Management: Effects of Red Fox Control on the Abundance, Diet and Use of Space by Feral Cats. Robyn Molsher, Alan E. Newsome, Thomas M. Newsome, Christopher R. Dickman. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.016846

There's quite a lot of literature on this combination (cats and foxes in Australia) and also foxes and dingo. This paper will get you into that literature.

I found some data on mucus threads which may help anchoring Corbicula on movable objects (fish, birds, etc.) - in sense of downstream or inter stream transportation, but I suppose upstream transportation is also possible: "Transport/dispersal using drifting threads has been observed in adults of the freshwater clam Corbicula fluminea (Prezant & Chalermwat, 1984 [ actually they wrote about small individuals]), but not so far in the post-larvae of any freshwater/estuarine Corbicula." - Kimura T, Soutome Y, Sekiguchi H (2004) Larval Development of the Brackish Water Clam Corbicula japonica (Bivalvia: Corbiculidae), with Special Reference to Morphological Comparison with Concurrent Tidal Flat Bivalves. Venus 63:33-48

Prezant RS, Chalermwat K (1984) Flotation of the Bivalve Corbicula fluminea as a Means of Dispersal. Science 225:1491-1493

Also Haag (2012) indicates, that juvenile Corbicula may be transported by "mucilaginous byssal" threads which tangle to fish (Haag WH (2012) North American Freshwater Mussels: Natural History, Ecology and Conservation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge)

Hi again.

Only some lines to say that, fortunately, local authorities are dedicating time and effort to control the populations of Pluchea ovalis growing in the south of Tenerife Island. It's a hard work, and (probably) the species is impossible to eradicate from the island, but in any case we need such measures to avoid the invasion of good-preserve natural areas, especially the protected ones.

Best regards.



It has been a while, but I thought I would provide an update about management actions undertaken to help control the water soldier situation on the lake of concern. A phased removal of the water soldier using Truxor machines began in October 2016 and happened again in September 2017. In September 2017 a boom was also inserted to prevent its spread back in to the removed area. It was our intention to have the boom in from the start of the first removal phase, but limited funds unfortunately prevented this. In total c.20-25% of WS has been removed. Monthly monitoring has been taking place to inform chemical and biological responses, with the boom allowing differences to be observed between open water areas versus those dominated by WS. It would also allow us to observe whether any desirable submerged macrophyte species, which used to dominate / be present, will re-establish. We will continue to monitor the situation and assess the changes in the lake prior to deciding whether further WS should be removed again later this year. I have attached some photos showing the inserted boom (0991 & 0992 are September 2017 and 1019 October 2017). The red buoys are some of the monitoring points.

In Greenland the Inuit home rule government has a policy to install hydropower in every town tapping the energy from the meltwater. So far they have build six. Each city supplied has ceased to use their diesel generator power plant.

The second photo is of the Sisimut plant close to my universities Sisimut campus.

Of course! I agree with Ruben!

Regards

A used copy in "fair" condition is available at Abebooks.com for $25.51, free shipping in the U.S.A.: https://tinyurl.com/y9k6523q

It would be rather easy to collect samples for you in summer. Byt winter time is not the best one for sampling Acroloxus in Latvia.

I remember about 5 years ago we sent samples to Ch. Albrecht - can you ask him? Be sure we can try it again, but not sure how easy it will be to dig them out from under ice and snow.

Hi Ginevra,

I know that in commercial cultivation there are some diseases causing really important problems. Check this article and see if it can be useful for you (I think that the ice-ice disease is caused by a virus, but maybe you can find something interesting).

Hi.

I fully agree with the view that invasive species have, in general, negative effects on the natural ecosystems, but in some cases invasive plants can have positive effects in several native insect species, like in the case of Calotropis procera (Asclepiadaceae) in the Canary Islands. The introduction and expansion of this plant in some islands (Fuerteventura and Gran Canaria) has facilitated reproduction of the African Monarch butterfly (Danaus chrysippus). In any case, this is not a justification for the introduction of alien plants in any territory of the world...

Best regards.

Dear Philip thanks for your interest in the Channid Snakeheads of Europe. They could enter, spread, invade.  I have been reading up on them. But its not too late to stop them if bans on aquarium trade, live-food trade, aquaculture etc are put in place and implemented. They could spread in the southern half of Europe - in the cold-winter eastern half Channa argus did not spread - even though the USSR russians made many attempts (even in Slovak and Czech republics). So fortunately the situation is not like in the US.

Keep fish'n,

Stam 

Ulmus pumila and U. minor hybridize freely, there's lots of literature on this.  Therefore, in any area where both occur there will be many hybrids, and backcrosses of hybrids. Individual elms in such areas will have mixtures of characteristics.  You'll find morphological 'pumila' that nevertheless have these corky 'wings' on twigs,  you'll also find morphological 'minor' that nevertheless have small buds.  These individuals cannot be assigned to any nominate species.  DNA sequencing shows individuals to be complex mixtures (e.g. Biological Invasions 15(12) · December 2013).  Indeed, where hybridization is so frequent, it's an open question whether nominate species like 'minor' or 'pumila' are really phylogentically distinct.  Incidentally, these corky outgrowths are common on U. minor in the areas I know (France, Germany, UK).  

Once you have logged into ResearchGate, you can manually add your work by clicking at "Add new Article" on your page or by clicking at contribution category.

I don't know this species, but two non-chemical methods which might be worth investigating are mechanical control like Lever and Mulch(TM) (see http://www.highlandbirchwoods.co.uk/userfiles/file%5CIntro%20to%20Lever%20&%20Mulch.pdf) and use of cut and cover techniques like Buckthorn baggies (http://www.buckthornbaggie.com/).

In Scotland, Lever and Mulch has been used against rhododendron, which is difficult to control, as it layers, and re-sprouts from buds around the root collar.  This method includes a variety of manual techniques, but is based on using the trunk as a lever to break the plant up as much as possible, with the dead material left as a mulch to smother remaining layers.  I don't know whether the structure of Triphasia would be suitable for these techniques, but it might be worth trying.

Cut and cover is useful for plants that resprout from a stump - you basically zip-tie thick plastic bags over the stumps to kill the plant.  It has been used in America against buckthorn, and we are testing it in Scotland against beech, but only on small sites where the bags can be collected up again.  It should be possible to develop something like this using a biodegradable material.  However, this is unlikely to be useful for something that spreads via rhizomes.

 Showing the damage caused by invasive species can educate and convince many people.

I work as technician in the conservation project LimnoPirineus (http://www.lifelimnopirineus.eu/en). We are removing invasive fish from eight high mountain lakes in the Pyrenees. After three years of work we are getting some nice results such as the recovering of the natural transparency and the increase of abundance or the natural recolonization of many species of amphibians, invertebrates and crustaceans.

I have experienced that showing these milestones to the local people and pupils in local schools and high schools is convincing most of the audience.

Also, I have to recognize that a few people is not convinced anyway. However, I can see a very good progress at community scale.

Hi 

For my experience with this genus, Leaf relative water was maintained stable whatever the drought stress lever was.

Since the information you provide suggests that the invasive species is not a target of your project, then not releasing it back into the wild will not bias your results.  I am sure your project is guided by ethical rules (established by your host institution), but the Ethics Board may not have specified what must be done with bycatch or indeed injured target species.  It is in the best interests of the park for invasive species to be eradicated, but as individuals your group might have issues with euthanising animals on an ad-hoc basis.  My approach would be to discuss first with the park authorities - perhaps by highlighting this question, it will at least draw attention to the issue of invasive species in the park (and might even be adopted as a pilot eradication project) if these invasives do indeed have a serious negative impact on the native fauna/flora.

nvasive species can harm the values for which land is conserved. Natural lands are not fully protected unless they also are managed for the features that first motivated preservation. Invasive species can change community structure, composition, and ecosystem processes on these lands in ways that may not be anticipated or desirable. Careful management can minimize these negative impacts.

This guide is designed to assist landowners and land managers, including municipalities, land trusts, homeowner’s associations and watershed organiza-tions, to develop and implement a management program for controlling invasive species.

Hi Wifredo,

I am not an ecologist so any interpretation in that sense would be very daring. From the point of view of network science and mutualism, we found that k-radius is a measure of compactness (how far are species from the generalist core). In this sense, it resembles nestedness, and both magnitudes show a high correlation.

Regards,

Javier

Hi Karel,

In my opinion the name of the order is "Unionida J. Gray, 1854". And this name is valid and should be used. "Unionoida, Stoliczka, 1871" appeared later. For more details I can recommend you this article: Nomenclator of Bivalve Families with a Classification of Bivalve Families. 2010. Malacologia 52(2):1-184. https://doi.org/10.4002/040.052.0201

Best regards, Ania

 This paper confirms its presence in Brazil

Composition and spatial distribution of subtidal Decapoda on the "Reef Coast", northeastern Brazil, evaluated through a low-impact visual census technique

Best regards

You can check my database at

I am sure there will be several more paper dealing with mutagenesis.

Thank you. May be in 2019?:)

The following papers may be of interest:

King, R. P. 1989. Distribution, abundance, size and feeding habits of Brienomyrus brachyistius (Gill 1862) (Teleostei: Mormyridae) in a Nigerian rainforest stream. Cybium 13 (1): 25-36.

Kouamélan, P. E. et al. 2000. Habitudes alimentaires de Mormyrops anguilloides (Mormyridae) en milieux lacustre et fluvial d'un bassin ouest-africain. Cybium 24 (1): 67-79.

Mérona, B. de 1979. Écologie et biologie de Petrocephalus bovei (Pisces, Mormyridae) dans les rivières de Côte d'Ivoire. Cahier ORSTOM Hydrobiologie 13 (3-4): 117-127.

Okedi, J. 1964. The biology and habits of the mormyrid fishes... Annual Report EAMFRO 1964: 58-66.

Petr, T. 1968. Distribution, Abundance and Food of Commercial Fish in the Black Volta and the Volta Man-made Lake in Ghana during its First Period of Filling (1964-1966) . I. Mormyridae. Hydrobiologia 32: 3-4.

Good

Lernaea cyprinacea has a cosmopolitan distribution, but has been introduced to Australia and N and S America :)

Also the snakes I metioned from Spain meet your requirements.

Thank you André:

At least the species  P. iridescens agrees with the original description of Enderlein 1901. Zoologische Jahrbücher (Abteilung Systematik) 14:544

Best regards,

Luis Miguel

Interesting project

The first thing that you have to do is check the taxonomy, many so-called Hypostomus plecostomus are not of that species at all,but belong to other genera. Secondly, do you have evidence of predation on the native species as many (most?) species are algal or detritus feeders. We have an invasion of Pterygoplichthys paradalis here in Jamaica. 

In the Pacific, rats were introduced to Midway, causing the extinction of Laysan rails, transplanted there; Palmyra Atoll, Baker Island. Brown tree snakes were accidentally released on Guam, extinction followed for 13 spp. Defoliation on other islands, and re-seeding created plant diversity loss. Introduction of African snails as starvation food caused local land mollusk extinctions, etc. See Isles of Amnesia, my 2016 book on these factors.

First of all I am giving the explanation of nomen nudum from the Glossary of the Code.

nomen nudum (nom. nud.). A designation of a new taxon published without a description or diagnosis or reference to a description or diagnosis (Art. 38 Ex. 1, Rec. 50B).

In this case  "The first author just wrote the species name on some specimens". So the name was never published and cannot be nomen nudum.

So the manuscript name can be validly published by citing 'name of the original author who proposed the name ex the name pf the author who will validly publish the name '  or  just name pf the author who will validly publish the name. Both type of author citations are acceptable.

I agree with Andrew Paul Mckenzie Pegman. The other way to identify the plant is by using the local/regional flora.

 Hi Luke,

No the RedList map has not been updated. 

Tnaks again for your kindly help! Please don't say sorry, actually it's my carelessness. I have downloaded the article you provided and it maybe very helpful to me.

It seems to me that the 'chaotic situation' is being created by the taxonomists. We now live in a world where common names of plants and animals are more stable and reliable (and therefore sometimes more effective for communication) than are the scientific names. The remaining advantage of the scientific names (since their greater stability is now dead) is that they attempt to more accurately reflect phylogenetic reality. But even this is a mirage, since virtually all taxa probably arise paraphyletically (the old cladistic naming dilemma). Enforced monophyly depends on our ignorance (lost species, insensitive genetics), and hence, the constant renaming

Interestingly, the rest of the scientific world is beginning to rebel against this never-ending nomenclatural revision. The recent 'codified' name changes within the genus Acacia have been almost uniformly rejected by non-taxonomists. Fully ten years after the decision, the genus survives in the scientific literature, in a kind of grass roots rebellion.

It is not just the public that is confused. I can guarantee you that the vast majority of scientists have no clue what you are talking about when you use these new names. Even journals are beginning to recommend use of 'traditional' scientific names (Flora, for Acacia; and Journal of Medical Entomology, for Aedes).

What is the answer? The scientific community will need to decide. My own opinion is that we will need at least partly disconnect nomenclature from taxonomy, before all species are put in the Kingdom Archaea.

Meanwhile, if you must use a new name, at least report it in a way that does not lose most of your audience, like "Stegomyia (Aedes) aegypti".

The root exudates in the rhizosphere of the Mahogony tree and litter quality will increase or decrease the activities of the micro flora of the soil depending on the nature of the micro flora of that soil.

Invasive European carp in the Murray-Darling Basin Australia have become an important food source for native fish-eating waterbirds such as cormorants, herons, pelicans and darters. High abundance of carp after flooding has led to increased breeding activity of some of these birds.

Thank you for information, Dmitry

I have 2005 paper. Which email to send it to you?

Let me know.

This species is absent in Latvia, consider http://leb.daba.lv/40-ju1.pdf 

hi

I think Seoul is a good place for your work. it is high rank university. They have section or faculty for the natural sciences & they have graduate school called " environmental studies" [search this link  http://gses.snu.ac.kr/eng/]

all the best

Regards

Dr. Kumara

Chenyue:

This link may be useful for you:

Best

Syed

I agree with Pedro.  "Non-native" implies a biological organism that is "exotic" to a historical distributional range (a historic distributional range being a geographical one in which the organism occurred, evolved or dispersed naturally).  "Non-native", as in the language of ecology, does not include arbitrary or fluid political and/or governmental boundaries that may or may not contain the organism in question.  However, one can assign a respective area or range as applicable for political and/or conservation goals (for instance, providing protection to an organism over the entire country versus just one island of that country). Therefore, Pedro's statement that the lizard is "non-native to continental Italy" would be correct in application.