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Introduction to Large Language Models (LLMs) | L-01
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What are Large Language Models (LLMs)?
In essence, LLMs are artificial intelligence models designed to understand and generate human-like text. They're "large" because they're trained on massive datasets of text and code, containing billions or even trillions of parameters. These parameters are what the model uses to learn patterns and relationships in the data.
Key Characteristics:
  • Transformer-Based Architecture:Most modern LLMs, including those behind popular applications like ChatGPT, are based on the Transformer architecture. This architecture is particularly good at handling sequential data like text. The Transformer uses "attention mechanisms" that allow the model to focus on the most relevant parts of the input when generating output.
  • Massive Datasets:LLMs are trained on vast amounts of text and code scraped from the internet, books, and other sources. This extensive training allows them to learn a wide range of language patterns, grammar, and even some world knowledge.
  • Generative Capabilities: LLMs are not just good at understanding text; they can also generate it. They can produce coherent and often creative text in response to prompts, including:Writing articles and stories Answering questions Generating code Translating languages Summarizing text
  • Contextual Understanding:LLMs can maintain context within a conversation or document, allowing them to generate responses that are relevant to the preceding text.
  • Emergent Abilities:As LLMs get larger, they often exhibit "emergent abilities," meaning they can perform tasks they weren't explicitly trained for, such as basic reasoning and problem-solving.
How LLMs Work (Simplified):
  1. Tokenization:The input text is broken down into smaller units called "tokens," which can be words, parts of words, or punctuation marks.
  2. Embedding:Each token is converted into a numerical representation called an "embedding," which captures its semantic meaning.
  3. Transformer Processing:The embeddings are fed into the Transformer network, where the attention mechanisms allow the model to learn the relationships between the tokens.
  4. Output Generation:The model generates a sequence of tokens as output, which are then converted back into human-readable text.
Applications:
  • Chatbots and Virtual Assistants:LLMs power many conversational AI applications.
  • Content Creation:They can be used to generate articles, marketing copy, and other forms of written content.
  • Code Generation:LLMs can assist programmers by generating code snippets and even entire programs.
  • Language Translation:They can translate text between multiple languages.
  • Question Answering:LLMs can answer questions based on their knowledge of the world.
  • Summarization:They can create summaries of long form text.
Limitations:
  • Bias:LLMs can inherit biases from their training data, leading to biased or unfair outputs.
  • Lack of Real-World Understanding:LLMs don't have real-world experiences, so their understanding of the world is limited to the data they've been trained on.
  • Hallucinations:LLMs can sometimes generate false or misleading information, often referred to as "hallucinations."
  • Computational Cost:Training and running LLMs requires significant computational resources.
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Could the introduction of a universal basic income (UBI) effectively counteract economic crises and improve the economic well-being of citizens?
Universal basic income (UBI) is a concept in which every citizen receives regular, unconditional payments from the state, regardless of their financial and professional situation. Its introduction could be a potential solution to problems related to automation, income inequality and economic crises. The debate on UBI is ongoing in both academic and political circles. Proponents argue that providing a minimum income to every citizen could reduce poverty levels, increase consumer demand and limit the effects of economic crises by stabilising household incomes. However, critics point out that financing UBI could require a significant increase in taxes or redistribution of budgetary expenditure, which could weaken economic growth. Another argument against UBI is the fear that it could negatively affect economic activity by reducing the motivation to work. The introduction of a UBI would therefore require detailed analyses of its impact on the economy, the level of inflation and the employment structure. I am researching issues related and related to this problem. I have described the results of my research in publications on the objectives, legitimacy of introduction and implementation of government social policy programmes, i.e. the Family 500 Plus programme (renamed Family 800 Plus from January 2024) and the Flat Plus programme.
The following articles of mine are related to the above issues in some substantive aspects:
FAMILY 500 PLUS PROGRAMS AND FLAT PLUS WITH KEY INSTRUMENTS FOR PRIVATE SOCIAL POLICY IN POLAND
NATIONAL HOUSING PROGRAMME OF THE MAIN STRATEGIC AND PROGRAMME DOCUMENT FOR THE CURRENT STATE RESIDENTIAL POLICY OF THE STATE
IMPORTANCE OF INTRODUCING THE 500 PLUS FAMILY PROGRAMME AS A SIGNIFICANT FACTOR IN COMPREHENSIVE INVESTMENT POLICY FOR FAMILIES IN POLAND
Current and future objectives of pro-family social policy based on the Family 500 Plus programme
The financial situation of households in Poland and the significance of introducing the ‘Family 500 Plus’ programme as part of a comprehensive pro-family social policy.
And what is your opinion on this topic?
What is your opinion on this issue?
Please reply,
I invite everyone to the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Best wishes,
I invite you to scientific cooperation,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Yes, Universal Basic Income (UBI) could improve economic well-being by:
  1. Reducing Poverty: Providing a financial safety net for all.
  2. Simplifying Welfare: Replacing complex systems with direct cash transfers.
  3. Encouraging Entrepreneurship: Offering financial security to pursue new ventures.
  4. Enhancing Resilience: Helping citizens weather economic shocks.
However, its success depends on funding, implementation, and potential impacts on labor markets and inflation. Pilot programs show mixed results, suggesting context matters.
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While working on a thesis, I want to add a para or 2 about the historic aspect of the topic. Where should this be incorporated. I see some suggestions in Introduction and others in Review of Literature. I would be really greatful if you could share some insights about it.
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for authoritative and elaborate research papers including a PhD thesis, it is advisable to include the historical perspective just after the introduction. You want with this allow the readers understand where you are coming from with respect to your research project. In this historic view you would describe prior works done on the subject of your research including relevant citations.
For small research papers and technical reports it is fine to combine the introduction and the historic view.
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How do you write a good introduction for a research paper?
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The introduction should answer three important questions:
1. What am I writing about?
2. Why is it important? \
3. What do I want the reader to know about it?
An introduction should establish the topic with a strong opening that grabs the reader’s attention before giving an overview of recent research on your chosen topic. Avoid going too in-depth in the introduction; deep dives into your topic should be saved for the body of the paper. Background and historical context help explain to the reader why your research is important. The type of information you share will vary by discipline. As you reach the end of the introduction, you should begin to establish what you want the reader to know about your topic and research. This may include your focus and scope, the problem statement, and your specific research question(s), hypotheses, or objectives. Again, the information you choose to share here will vary depending on your discipline. It is always a good idea to check major academic journals within your field for examples of current best practices.
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introduction and different process of hydrologic cycle
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The hydrological cycle, also known as the water cycle, is the continuous process by which water is circulated between the Earth's oceans, atmosphere, and land. It involves the movement of water in three phases: liquid, solid (ice), and gas (water vapor).
The main stages of the hydrological cycle are:
1. Evaporation: Water from the oceans, lakes, rivers, and the ground surface evaporates into the atmosphere.
2. Condensation: Water vapor in the atmosphere condenses into clouds.
3. Precipitation: Water falls back to the Earth as precipitation (rain, snow, sleet, or hail).
4. Runoff: Precipitation that doesn't get absorbed into the soil flows over the land as runoff, eventually returning to bodies of water.
5. Infiltration: Precipitation that seeps into the soil becomes groundwater, which can eventually feed plants or seep into aquifers.
6. Transpiration: Plants absorb water from the soil and release it into the atmosphere as water vapor through transpiration.
The hydrological cycle is essential for life on Earth, as it helps regulate the planet's temperature, weather patterns, and the distribution of freshwater.
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Use Specific Examples for the Introduction, Growth, Maturity, and Decline Stages?
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In accordance with Tech forecasting may allow company to match product and technology portfolio. In turn, it may help a firm to acheive sustainable competitveness as a result of product differentiation, defining the opportunities for key tech competences development etc.
First, before introduction, it may serve as a source for new product (or business model) idea generation
Next, on the introduction and maturity phase it can serve for product line development purporses (i.e. to provide advanced features for new generation of the existing product line)
Finally, combined with the marketing and financial analysis, it can help to define the market withdrawal time of the existing product. Thus, it can be used to define the start pint for Decline phase.
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  1. give me introduction and importance of rough set theory and how rough set theory works
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Rough Set Theory (RST) handles uncertainty, vagueness, and imperfection in data, providing a mathematical framework for decision-making, pattern recognition, and knowledge discovery, enhancing data analysis accuracy.
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introduction about objective of financial management
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maximizing the prosperity of owners (shareholders)
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A more comprehensive and inclusive clarification is essential.
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Hello
We have to distinguish between an introduction to a book from an introduction in a paper/contribution.
In an introduction to a book you should:
-describe the state of the art and the gap that you want to fill,
-say why your book is innovative and why it contributes to academic research,
-describe the content of each chapter (without describing the conclusions/findings of each chapter),
-pose your research questions.
In an introduction of an academic paper (or contribution in a volume with more authors), you should:
-describe the state of the art and the literature
-describe the current gap
-as a sub-section (or sub-paragraph), you may wish to state the research questions and the aim of your paper.
Of course an introduction is not an "abstract".
Good luck!
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In reading the introduction of a paper, I expect clear coverage of five essential elements. Unfortunately, many papers fail to address these elements thoroughly. Below is a summary of these five key components.
The introduction of a science-based article sets up the context, rationale, and purpose of the research by including five important key elements: Background/Context: Introduce the larger subject, with necessary background information to orient the reader to the context of the research. Usually contains a general description of the subject area and its importance, in which the study is situated.
Literature Review: This section introduces previous research on the topic and discusses earlier findings, theories, and possible gaps in knowledge. It is an important section as it outlines what is done and where this new study features in the system.
Problem Statement: This clearly states the specific problem or question that a study is trying to answer. It usually arises from identified gaps or unresolved issues within the literature review, and it forms the basis of the research objectives.
Hypothesis/Objective of Study: After identifying the problem, the paper clearly states the objectives or hypotheses of the research. This section provides what this study is trying to achieve or test and offers a clear target toward which both methodology and analysis are aimed.
Significance of the study: This final element stands for the reasons why the research is important to the contribution in the field of study. It continues to give details on how findings might be put to use or applied, hence giving weight to the importance of the research on other researchers, practitioners, or even policymakers.
Put together, these five elements comprise an introduction that prepares the reader for the explanation of the purpose, approach, and relevance of the research.
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In my opinion, the problem statment is the most crucial step in directing your research methodology. We cannot only base our findings on the existing literature review or identified gaps within those studies. The existing researchers may have ignored many other factors, such as the research's socioeconomic and geopolitical environment. Also, the researcher's experience, skills, and behaviour during the research life cycle will likely influence the research process at specific points. Mehmet.
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October 2023
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Did my answer address your question?
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domestic violence in historical research this must include introduction, problem statement, hypothesis/ aim of research, points of departure an assumption, conceptual of central research theme, proposed chapter outlay and conclusion ?.
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domestic violence in south-Africa historical research
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I need an introduction which contains background of the study statement of the problem aim of the study research question and hypotheses.means of study and structure.data collection literature review data collection and analysis conclusion
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Can u send me an email rawdha77yazid@gmail.com
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*3. Teacher Talk vs. Student Talk: How Different Classroom Interaction Patterns Affect EFL Learners' Speaking Fluency*
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Please read my article related to your topic on ResearchGate. Entitled:
(THE IMPACT OF DISCUSSION ACTIVITIES ON IMPROVING STUDENTS' FLUENCY IN SPEAKING SKILL).
All the best
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The research is related to my dissertation work, where we examine coping strategies. Please read the introduction carefully and then answer the open-ended questions. Thank you! PhDr. Alžbeta Simon
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Alžbeta Simon Thanks, I could forward this to my students but possible for you to get some people there to take our survey?
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Colleagues interested in any paper own introduction may please be given with email Id. They may contact also me via:
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Good morning Sir, hope you are doing well Sir. Sir do you have any research based on ethosomal nanogel for brain tagteting through the intra nasal route. Kindly if you can share it will be very helpful.
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The college where I read gave us to write a report writing on gamification as I choose topic gamification in eSports education can some one help me with it the data should be provided from 2019 to till now?
1. Abstract
2. Introduction
3. Literature Review with its sub topics
4. Conclusions
5. Reference List
6. Keywords
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Here is a structure to get you started, including suggestions for each section.
1. Abstract
The abstract should provide a concise summary of the entire report, including the main findings and conclusions.
Abstract:This report explores the integration of gamification in eSports education from 2019 to the present. It examines how gamification techniques enhance learning experiences, increase student engagement, and improve educational outcomes in eSports programs. The literature review covers various aspects such as gamification strategies, educational benefits, and case studies. The findings indicate a positive impact of gamification on student motivation and skill development. The report concludes with recommendations for implementing gamification in eSports education and suggestions for future research.
2. Introduction
The introduction should provide background information on the topic, explain its significance, and outline the scope of the report.
Introduction:Gamification, the application of game-design elements in non-game contexts, has gained traction in various educational fields, including eSports education. eSports, or competitive video gaming, has become a global phenomenon, with educational institutions incorporating eSports programs to harness its potential for student engagement and learning. This report examines the role of gamification in eSports education, focusing on developments from 2019 to the present. It aims to analyze how gamification strategies are used to enhance learning experiences, increase student motivation, and develop essential skills within eSports curricula.
3. Literature Review
The literature review should summarize and critically analyze existing research on the topic. You can organize it into subtopics for clarity.
Literature Review:
3.1 Gamification Strategies in eSports Education
  • Definition and key elements of gamification.
  • Common gamification techniques used in eSports education, such as leaderboards, badges, and progress tracking.
3.2 Educational Benefits of Gamification in eSports
  • Impact on student engagement and motivation.
  • Improvement in cognitive skills, such as strategic thinking, problem-solving, and teamwork.
  • Enhancement of technical skills specific to eSports.
3.3 Case Studies and Implementations
  • Analysis of specific institutions or programs that have successfully integrated gamification in eSports education.
  • Examples of gamified eSports curricula and their outcomes.
4. Conclusions
The conclusions should summarize the main findings and provide recommendations based on the analysis.
Conclusions:The integration of gamification in eSports education has shown promising results in enhancing student engagement, motivation, and skill development. Gamification techniques, when effectively implemented, create a dynamic and interactive learning environment that resonates with students. Institutions adopting these methods report improved educational outcomes and increased interest in eSports programs. Future research should explore long-term impacts and optimize gamification strategies to further benefit eSports education.
5. Reference List
The reference list should include all the sources cited in the report, formatted according to the required citation style (e.g., APA, MLA).
Reference List:
  • [Author(s)], (Year). Title of the Article. Journal Name, Volume(Issue), Page numbers.
  • [Author(s)], (Year). Title of the Book. Publisher.
  • [Author(s)], (Year). Title of the Conference Paper. Conference Name, Location, Page numbers.
(Note: Fill in the references with actual sources relevant to your topic.)
6. Keywords
The keywords should be relevant to the main topics covered in the report.
Keywords:Gamification, eSports education, student engagement, educational technology, game-based learning, cognitive skills, technical skills, educational outcomes.
This outline provides a solid foundation for your report. You can expand on each section with specific data and examples from 2019 to the present to complete your assignment. If you need further details or help with specific sections, feel free to ask!
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book or article
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Which book you are looking for? If you search the name, google shows both the books.
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I have read several articles. There are several strategy such as Post-synthetic Modification (PSM), Surface Modification, Metal Exchange, Introduction of Linker Defects etc. I noticed that Post-synthetic Modification (PSM), Surface Modification process somehow same. I want to make a standard classification for MOF functionalization process. I need suggestion from the experts in this field. Thanks in advance....
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The PSM process can be basically classified into two types. Coordinate modification or covalent modification. Modification that happens on the metal nodes of MOF or coordinate binding of metals post synthetically to linkers comes under coordinate modification. If the linkers of the MOFs are modified such that a covalent bond is formed after PSM it comes under covalent modification. Though the functionalization happens on surface, analyzing which part of MOF gets the modification helps to identify the kind of functionalization.
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Is The Introduction Or AI Good For Our Academic System?
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Kwadwo Boakye In my view, face-to-face teaching/learning that trickles down from the students to the teacher is the most effective and enjoyable method of teaching that cannot be replaced by artificial intelligence. Voice of experience as a professional educator to levels of learning/teaching across disciplines.
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...For research purposes to help others. If you are or know of anyone who is who would be willing to share his/her story, I would greatly appreciate the introduction! Thank you so much!!
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Yes. We have some melanoma survivors treated with immunotherapy for stage IV with 5 years of FU and remember now one patient with a remission of 10 years.
Immunotherapy and target treatments completely changed the future of metastatic melanoma.
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In the process of drafting a new research article, which structure is most effective? Should one follow the order of Introduction, Materials and Methods, Data Analysis, Results, and Discussion, or is it better to write the Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion first and leave the Introduction for the end? What is the commonly adopted approach by other scholars/researcher around the world?
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In terms of the writing process, I prefer to begin with the Results section because it is usually the most concrete, and the Methods section follows more or less automatically from that. Once I have those completed, I have a better idea of what the Introduction and Background sections should look like, which then leads me to the most appropriate Discussion and Conclusions.
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Tejas Turakhia The Turing test is a benchmark in artificial intelligence (AI) proposed by Alan Turing in 1950. The test is designed to evaluate a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent to, or indistinguishable from, that of a human. In the Turing test, a human evaluator interacts with both a human and a machine (often through text-based communication) without knowing which is which. If the evaluator cannot reliably differentiate between the human and the machine based on their responses, the machine is said to have passed the Turing test and demonstrated human-like intelligence.
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Greetings, What are the most difficult challenges you have when you make an article from the following:
  1. paper structure
  2. Title (Subject)
  3. problem statement
  4. Introduction
  5. State of Art (Related Work)
  6. Methodology
  7. results
  8. conclusion and discussion
  9. References
  10. Publication
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Structure and methodology
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Introduction for compare and contrast the features of old and new curriculum in south africa
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I present a lecture about this issue last week .
Curriculum changes in South Africa have aimed to address various challenges in the education system and bring about positive improvements. Some of the positive aspects of curriculum changes in South Africa include:
1. **Alignment with National Goals:** Curriculum changes have sought to align education with broader national development goals, ensuring that education plays a central role in addressing issues such as poverty, inequality, and unemployment.
2. **Inclusivity:** The new curriculum aims to be more inclusive, recognizing the diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds of South African students. It strives to provide an education that is relevant to the country's multiethnic society.
3. **Focus on Critical Thinking:** The curriculum emphasizes critical thinking, problem-solving, and analytical skills, aiming to produce students who are better prepared for the demands of the modern workforce and society.
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What are the discovered and innovative art of abstraction algorithms for each unified word and its concepts (View, Masks, and Instances) (Introduction)? Would you like to discuss them?
Art of Abstraction of Unified Word and its Concepts (Views, Masks, and Instances): Introduction We discovered over 50 discoveries, 300 innovations, and 100 cognitive knowledge, which generated over 450 questions per unified word to be answered. Every field of Knowledge depends on ABSTRACTIONS. Unfortunately, current abstractors could be doing better regarding the abstraction process and the type of abstractions because they are based mainly on tangibility and ignore other more essential conceptions. Fayad's Art of Abstraction (FAA) supports abstracting over 50 discoveries per word (Noun and noun phrase), 300 innovations, the generation of more than 100 cognitive knowledge, and Great value to the natural languages. The FAA can be used in both application and system developments. As a unique system, every word has more than 50 discoveries, including functional requirements, special non-functional requirements, stable and Unified design, contexts, challenges, constraints, applicability, measurability, and more. FAA led to unified, stable discoveries and included unlimited advantages. 1. Understand and appreciate our natural languages 2. The future of technology depends on these discoveries. 3. Unification of unified domain or unified word analysis of any field of Knowledge 4. Know how to generate stable and unified requirements and the ultimate design of any system. 5. Knowledge Unification 7. Limit and control maintenance problems 8. Explore and create a massive number of new systems 9. Generate better methodologies for developing unified and stable systems 10. Stop reinventing the wheels 11. Develop and executable self-manageable, self-adaptable, self, extendable, and self-configurable systems with unlimited applicability, reuse, and many more.
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Abstraction algorithms play a crucial role in various fields, including computer science, data visualization, and information retrieval, to name a few. They aim to simplify complex data or concepts by representing them in a more manageable and understandable form. Here are some examples of abstraction algorithms related to the unified concepts of "View" and "Instances":
1. View Abstraction Algorithms:
- Hierarchical Clustering: This algorithm groups similar data points into clusters and represents them hierarchically. It helps in creating a view of the data where the relationships and similarities between different clusters are visually represented.
- Dimensionality Reduction Techniques (e.g., PCA, t-SNE): These algorithms reduce the dimensionality of high-dimensional data while preserving important relationships. They help create views of the data in lower-dimensional spaces, making it easier to visualize and interpret.
- Graph Drawing Algorithms: These algorithms generate visual representations of graphs or networks. They arrange nodes and edges in a way that reveals the underlying structure and relationships within the graph, providing a view that aids in understanding connectivity and patterns.
- Heatmaps and Contour Plots: These visualization techniques represent data values using color gradients or contour lines, respectively. They provide a view of data distributions and patterns, particularly in spatial or grid-based datasets.
2. Instances Abstraction Algorithms:
- Feature Extraction Algorithms: These algorithms identify and extract relevant features or characteristics from raw data. They help in creating abstract representations of data instances that capture essential information while reducing complexity.
- Prototype-Based Clustering: In this approach, each cluster is represented by a prototype or centroid that summarizes the characteristics of the instances in the cluster. It helps in abstracting complex datasets into a smaller set of representative instances.
- Symbolic Representation Techniques (e.g., Decision Trees, Rule-Based Systems): These algorithms generate symbolic representations of data instances based on rules or decision paths. They provide a compact and interpretable abstraction of the data, facilitating understanding and decision-making.
- Embedding Methods (e.g., Word Embeddings, Graph Embeddings): These techniques map instances into a lower-dimensional space while preserving important relationships. They capture semantic or structural similarities between instances, enabling effective abstraction and comparison.
These are just a few examples of abstraction algorithms related to the concepts of "View" and "Instances." Depending on the specific application domain and requirements, different algorithms and techniques may be more suitable for creating meaningful abstractions of data or concepts.
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Can you please tell me the theory of semiconductor ceramics: introduction, properties, manufacturing methods and applications ?
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Check out the reference list in this online article:
Advanced ceramics - the new frontier in modern-day technology: Part I (scielo.org.za)
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There has been recent interest in expanding the introduction of data science ideas in K-12 education. How often are these ideas connected to the linear/matrix algebra foundations of the subject?
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Go for algebra 1 from Technion, one of the finest playlist for linear algebra and the prereqs are not so high
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finance management
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FINANCE IS LIFE
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Collating research work on revising the Curriculum Guide for Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person.
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not my specialist
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Filipino Philosophy is a mere course in Higher Education. I think that it is better to teach Filipino Philosophy as a core subject at the Senior High School Level.
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Glen Tee Jay Aletin Jarito Thank you for your question. I am not sure to be the best person to answer... My thoughts:
ChatGPT
Teaching Filipino Philosophy as an Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person in Senior High School serves several important purposes, each contributing to a well-rounded education and the development of critical thinking skills among students. Below are some reasons why incorporating Filipino Philosophy into the curriculum is beneficial:
  1. Cultural Relevance and Identity Formation: Filipino Philosophy offers students insights into their own cultural heritage and identity. By studying indigenous Filipino philosophies, students can develop a deeper appreciation for their roots and understand the unique perspectives that shape Filipino society and values. This fosters a sense of pride and cultural identity among Filipino youth.
  2. Global Perspective: While Filipino Philosophy focuses on indigenous thought, it also engages with universal questions about human existence, ethics, and society. Studying Filipino Philosophy alongside Western philosophical traditions provides students with a broader perspective on human thought and allows them to compare and contrast different philosophical approaches. This promotes intercultural understanding and appreciation for diverse perspectives.
  3. Critical Thinking and Analytical Skills: Philosophy, in general, cultivates critical thinking skills by encouraging students to question assumptions, analyze arguments, and evaluate evidence. By studying Filipino Philosophy, students learn to critically examine concepts such as kapwa (shared identity), bayanihan (community spirit), and pakikisama (social harmony), among others. This enables them to engage critically with their own cultural norms and values, as well as those of others.
  4. Ethical and Moral Development: Filipino Philosophy often emphasizes ethical principles and moral values that are relevant to everyday life. Concepts such as pakikipagkapwa-tao (relating to others as fellow human beings) and loob (inner self or conscience) provide students with ethical frameworks for making decisions and navigating interpersonal relationships. This contributes to the moral development and character formation of students.
  5. Promotion of Social Justice and Advocacy: Many Filipino philosophers have advocated for social justice, human rights, and empowerment of marginalized communities. By studying their works, students gain insights into pressing social issues in the Philippines, such as poverty, inequality, and environmental degradation. This can inspire students to become agents of positive change in their communities and advocate for social justice issues.
  6. Preparation for Civic Engagement: Understanding philosophical concepts related to human dignity, freedom, and democracy prepares students to participate meaningfully in civic life and contribute to the development of a just and democratic society. By engaging with Filipino Philosophy, students learn about the rights and responsibilities of citizenship and develop a sense of civic duty.
Overall, teaching Filipino Philosophy as an Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person in Senior High School enriches students' intellectual and cultural experiences, equipping them with the knowledge, skills, and values needed to navigate complex ethical, social, and cultural issues in today's globalized world.
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Dear Doctor
"Partial Keys: A set of attributes that uniquely identifies weak entities, which are related to the same owner entity. Alternate Keys: All candidate keys except the primary key are known as alternate keys. Compound Key: It has multiple fields that enable the user to uniquely recognize a specific record."
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Dear Doctor
"A Turing machine is a mathematical model of computation describing an abstract machine that manipulates symbols on a strip of tape according to a table of rules. Despite the model's simplicity, it is capable of implementing any computer algorithm."
"The Turing Test is a method of inquiry in artificial intelligence (AI) for determining whether or not a computer is capable of thinking like a human being. The test is named after Alan Turing, the founder of the Turing Test and an English computer scientist, cryptanalyst, mathematician and theoretical biologist.
Turing proposed that a computer can be said to possess artificial intelligence if it can mimic human responses under specific conditions. The original Turing Test requires three terminals, each of which is physically separated from the other two. One terminal is operated by a computer, while the other two are operated by humans.
During the test, one of the humans functions as the questioner, while the second human and the computer function as respondents. The questioner interrogates the respondents within a specific subject area, using a specified format and context. After a preset length of time or number of questions, the questioner is then asked to decide which respondent was human and which was a computer.
The test is repeated many times. If the questioner makes the correct determination in half of the test runs or less, the computer is considered to have artificial intelligence because the questioner regards it as "just as human" as the human respondent."
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"Paradigms and Different Types of Research" provides a comprehensive overview of research paradigms and their various types. It explores the philosophical foundations that underpin different research paradigms, emphasizing their role in guiding scientific inquiry. The article delves into the significance of understanding research paradigms, as they shape the assumptions and principles governing research endeavors. With a focus on ontology, epistemology, methodology, and methods, the abstract highlights the diverse nature of research paradigms. Readers can expect insights into how positivism, and post-positivism, interpretivism, criticism and complexity can be applied in information research. The aim is to offer a clear and accessible introduction to the subject, assisting researchers in planning and executing their projects effectively. As well as a classification of the different types of research, accordingly classified, with the correspondent paradigmatic nature of knowledge. which in turn explains the techniques, procedures, types of samples, methods, and language used during research.
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Karl Popper, in his 'Objective Knowledge' seemed to resolve the issue about any need to tie epistemology, ontology and methodology together. While Popper is widely identified as a positivist, he did not accept that the existence of the material world could be proven. Instead, accepting its existence was a matter of commonsense - the metaphysical arguments didn't need to be resolved because research proceeds through informed discussion and evidence (his conjectures and refutations). Pragmatism provides a methodological resolution because, once a research objective is defined, any methods that are appropriate to its investigation can be used: qualitative, quantitative or mixed. There is thus no need to be locked into any research paradigm at all.
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Dear Doctor
"The Turing Test is a method of inquiry in artificial intelligence (AI) for determining whether or not a computer is capable of thinking like a human being. The test is named after Alan Turing, the founder of the Turing Test and an English computer scientist, cryptanalyst, mathematician and theoretical biologist.
Turing proposed that a computer can be said to possess artificial intelligence if it can mimic human responses under specific conditions. The original Turing Test requires three terminals, each of which is physically separated from the other two. One terminal is operated by a computer, while the other two are operated by humans.
During the test, one of the humans functions as the questioner, while the second human and the computer function as respondents. The questioner interrogates the respondents within a specific subject area, using a specified format and context. After a preset length of time or number of questions, the questioner is then asked to decide which respondent was human and which was a computer.
The test is repeated many times. If the questioner makes the correct determination in half of the test runs or less, the computer is considered to have artificial intelligence because the questioner regards it as "just as human" as the human respondent."
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I have been assigned to write the introduction of research proposal?
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One important thing you can do in the intro. is to make it clear what the "aims" of the project are. These can be stated in terms of the research questions and the results that they will produce. Often, the aims are stated in a relatively brief list (i.e., 3-5 goals).
If you are unable to construct such a list from the portion of the proposal that you have received, this could well indicate that the proposal is not yet clear enough to be submitted.
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Hello. Can you introduce a traditional alloy or HEA, with high temperature (1200 degree) Oxidation resistance and boiling HNo3 and HCl resistance?
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Dear colleague,
For almost any commercial alloy requirements are too rigorous, as you already know. 310 austenite and 446 ferritic stainless steels (2111HTR and 253MA also) are close to that but without fulfilling any of the three claims. Hastelloy C276 and C22 are corrosion-resistant but not sufficiently high-temperature resistant (similar but even slightly worse is Inconel 625 alloy). So, you are on the "thin ice" with possibilities (without HEA).
Ti alloys are not good enough (almost useless) for the application, so ... (although Ti-5Ta-2Nb alloy should be checked; see https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2020.101786.
W alloys (e.g., TAM 3950) are worth checking, although not convinced about corrosion resistance. Niobium-Tungsten Alloys and Tungsten Carbide could be the solution.
Ni-Nb-Zr-Ta is also a suitable candidate (see MaterialsTransactions, Vol. 50, No.6 (2009) pp.1304-1307).
Zr (alone) or Zr2.5Nb could be good enough.
Last but not least, Nb and some Nb alloys (e.g., C103) and Ta alloys (Ta – 2.5% W or Ta-10%W) could be the best for the required environment.
Otherwise, you should find some High Entropy Alloy (not as familiar to me as conventional).
Regards (and wish you luck in the research)!
P.S.
doi: 10.1177/0885328220970756
This could be interesting (it is new for me, I do not know the properties, and it is potentially for medical application; however, the composition is promising (for Ti 20%)).
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I would like someone to explain me how can I do a good Literature Review for my paper please.
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Hi, can you please provide me an example of a Literature review with headings and subheadings?
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Howe, D. (1987) An introduction to Social Work Theory, Aldershot, Gower.
Thank you in advance.
Amy.
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With a view to a work on the mechanisms to combat corruption.
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I think automatic audit mechanisms (I take it as a continuous audit on municipal governments by the central government), is a required mechanism to check and balance the local powers with the central powers, that sounds good but what if the central government is corrupt? This is exactly what`s happing in Turkiye. Central government lost its municipal elections against the opposition Republican`s People party in all big cities and since then in last 4.5 years it has been hindering the municipal help towards them. They are doing this through their so called independent(!) auditors.
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A thesis statement is a sentence or two that summarizes the main point or argument of an academic paper. Typically, it appears at the end of the introduction paragraph and directs the reader through the paper.
A good example thesis statement should be clear, concise, and specific. It should provide the reader with a clear understanding of the writer’s main argument or idea. In the form of a claim, an assertion, or a hypothesis, one can present a thesis statement.
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A thesis statement is a sentence that summarizes the main point of an essay, research paper, or other piece of writing. It is typically placed at the end of the introduction and serves as a roadmap for the rest of the paper.
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I would like to know how to write a scientific introduction paper. Since I should write four to five introduction for my thesis dissertation. How could I write unique introduction for each paper?
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Thank you so much, Andre Michaud! I appreciate your advice.
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lead generation strategy
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ok
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*Topic for discussions*
Wouldn't it be more helpful and make research work more concise if we consider merging the literature review section with the background of the study. For instance, is it possible to have a research study structured in the style below?
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 statement of the problem
1.2 purpose of the study
1.3 Objectives
1.4 research questions/hypothesis
1.5 significance
1.6 delimitation of the study
CHAPTER TWO BACKGROUND AND EMPIRICAL REVIEW
2.0 Introduction
2.1 conceptual framework
....................
Note*
Pardon my ignorance senior members but I think the best way to increase knowledge is by learning from a wide range of audience. That is why I ask a lot of questions.
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That's already how an introduction is written in an article :)
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Basic Introduction of These Tests.
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Learn About Parametric and Non-Parametric Tests In Detailed Here ->
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If We write a Background Study , Should we write an introduction of a reserach paper also ?
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It refers to the policy of the target journal. But in most cases yes.
The introduction provides an overview of the research topic from a broader perspective, while the background provides a detailed understanding of the topic.
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When Introduction, Background Study and Conceptual Framework is written in a Research Paper ?
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All mentioned introduction,background study and conceptual framework wrtten in Novel subject to cover all items of artical.
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how to write step by step Introduction for resaech article?
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  • Present your topic and get the reader interested
  • Provide background or summarize existing research
  • Position your own approach
  • Detail your specific research problem and problem statement
  • Give an overview of the paper’s structure. The five steps in this article will help you put together an effective introduction for either type of research paper.
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I was interested in exploring the perceived benefits of gardening in an urban setting, so I conducted interviews with gardeners. Subsequently, I employed thematic analysis to identify the main themes related to these perceived benefits. It was only after the emergence of these themes that I delved into various theories to aid in the interpretation and understanding of the results in the Discussion chapter.
My question is, should I discuss these theories in the Introduction chapter of the paper?
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If these theoretical issues did not influence either your data collection or your analysis, then you do not need to mention them in your earlier chapters. This early chapters should, however, make it clear that you are doing things this way. In particular, you can say that you are beginning with an exploratory approach, and that you will compare to eating theories after you complete your exploration.
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Dear academicians and researchers
We recently wrote a narrative review paper on ChatGPT and Academic Research: A Review and Recommendations Based on Practical Examples”. Our findings were
  1. Initial Idea Generation: ChatGPT is an effective tool for idea generation, brainstorming, and outlining research topics.
  2. Introduction: The authors found that ChatGPT can generate an introduction without a formal problem statement and research gap. Besides, the introduction part is entirely hypothetical, without any references.
  3. Literature Review: ChatGPT can summarise and compile the literature into a literature review without emphasizing synthesizing and coherence. ChatGPT cannot develop a story based on existing literature. Second, if a researcher instructs ChatGPT to compose a literature review, it generates fictitious and hypothetical in-text citations and references.
We have also proposed some recommendations for academic researchers based on our findings.
Recommendations are attached here.
However, what is your own experience regarding this issue?
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I haven't got any experience
Best wishes
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Hi colleagues,
I wonder whether there are some specific applications of Alumina ceramic tube on lithography, especially on the projection objective.
If so, please provide some data or introductions about it.
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Febin Cherian John Could you please provide some references about it?
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Do you feel that the introduction of the educational reform in Ireland by way of common-level subjects has hindered STEM subjects uptake in senior cycle? STEM subjects being engineering, technology etc.
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Dear friend Jack Kealy
The impact of common-level subjects on the uptake of STEM subjects in senior cycle is a complex issue, and there is no clear consensus on whether it has a negative effect.
On one hand, some argue that the availability of common-level subjects may encourage students to choose easier options instead of taking more challenging subjects like STEM subjects. This may result in fewer students taking STEM subjects at higher levels, which could have a negative impact on the country's future workforce in these fields.
On the other hand, others argue that common-level subjects can provide a safety net for students who may struggle with more difficult subjects and can help ensure that students do not drop out of school altogether. Additionally, some argue that common-level subjects may actually help promote STEM subjects by providing a more supportive learning environment for students who may be struggling.
It's important to note that the impact of common-level subjects on the uptake of STEM subjects is likely to be influenced by many factors, including individual student preferences, school policies, and wider societal attitudes towards these subjects.
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I want to know how you write a research proposal and particularly it’s introduction because it seems I am not allowed to write an entire introduction with only my ideas.
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The format of a research proposal may vary depending on the field, but it generally includes a title page, introduction, literature review, research design, reference list, and other sections. When integrating further research into the introduction of your proposal, it is essential to identify the specific problem area and its importance, as well as the prevalence and scope of the problem. You can also review the literature related to the problem area and identify gaps in the existing research that your proposal aims to address. Remember that a research proposal is a persuasive piece of writing, so your introduction should be engaging and make the reader interested in your study.
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project
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The research introduction should include international history of the subjrct ,local history of problem and economical importance ,aim from this study either aids of diagnosis and control measures
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In the Egyptian language, the term "God willing" has a different concept than in the West. This means that it will never happen in the life of our planet.
If I am lucky enough to understand the introduction to the theory of everything, I can assume that it cannot be completed during the lifetime of our planet, and therefore there will be no end to physics or math.
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The theory of everything is like infinity. You can aim in the general direction, but you can't get there from here, because there is no THERE to get to.
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Dear connection,
Research comes first or the introduction and popularisation of any crop comes first?
Kindly give your valuable insights on this .
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Research should come first then only introduction and popularisation
of a crop.
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Phaseolus vulgaris production
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Phaseolus vulgaris, commonly known as the common bean or kidney bean, is a warm-season annual crop that belongs to the legume family. It is an important crop worldwide, providing a significant source of protein, carbohydrates, and other nutrients for human consumption. It is also an important crop in crop rotation, as it can fix atmospheric nitrogen and improve soil fertility.
Here are some general steps involved in the production of Phaseolus vulgaris:
  1. Site selection: The first step in bean production is to select an appropriate site. Beans require well-drained soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. They also require full sun exposure and a warm climate, with temperatures between 70-80°F (21-27°C) during the growing season.
  2. Seed selection and planting: After selecting the site, the next step is to select high-quality bean seeds. Seeds should be planted when soil temperatures reach 60°F (16°C). Beans can be planted directly in the field or started indoors and transplanted later. The spacing between plants depends on the variety, but typically ranges from 4-6 inches (10-15 cm) between plants and 18-24 inches (45-60 cm) between rows.
  3. Fertilization: Beans are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen through a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. However, they still require other nutrients, including phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrients. Soil testing can help determine the appropriate fertilizer application rates.
  4. Irrigation: Beans require regular watering throughout the growing season. Irrigation should be scheduled based on soil moisture levels and weather conditions.
  5. Pest and disease management: Beans are susceptible to various pests and diseases, including bean beetles, aphids, and fungal diseases. Integrated pest management practices can help prevent and control these issues.
  6. Harvesting: Beans are typically ready to harvest 50-60 days after planting. They should be harvested when the pods are fully developed but before they begin to dry out. Pods should be picked by hand or with a machine, and the beans should be removed from the pods and cleaned.
Overall, Phaseolus vulgaris production requires careful management to ensure a successful crop. With proper site selection, seed selection, and management practices, growers can produce a high-quality crop that can provide significant nutritional and economic benefits.
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I saw the definition of 'Prolegomena' as a 'formal essay or critical discussion serving to introduce and interpret an extended work'. Can this be used instead of saying Introduction in a Research Thesis?
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Hello Dasuni, I would say that prolegomena suggest a new vista for a field; they have a manifesto-like character and tend to sketch big, general ideas, for instance in order to establish a new (sub)discipline, Introduction is, on the other hand, much more down-to-earth. It thus depends on you how you feel about your research.
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Hi,
Could anyone suggest me material (ppt, pdf) related with Applied Econometrics with R (intro level)?
Thanks in advane.
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I have often been approached with questions such as this. I would have known the person and his background in economics, statistics/econometrics, linear algebra, and mathematics. I would also have known or asked why he wanted to proceed in this way and what he hoped to achieve. The lists below are long but I would hope that you find something there that is useful.
I know of three modern introductions to econometrics that are accompanied by R companions.
  1. Michael R Jonas has already mentioned Wooldridge (2019), Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach, 7th ed, South-Western College Publishing, and the R companion available at http://www.urfie.net.
  2. Stock and Watson (2019), Introduction to Econometrics, Pearson, and https://www.econometrics-with-r.org/
  3. Brooks (2019), Introductory econometrics for finance, CUP and the R Guide for Introductory Econometrics for Finance available in kindle format from Amazon or in pdf from the publisher (guide is free from both sources.
  4. https://scpoecon.github.io/ScPoEconometrics/ is an introduction to econometrics with R taught to second-year undergraduates.
  5. Kleiber and Zeileis (2008), Applied Econometrics with R, Springer
The first three books cover an undergraduate introduction to econometrics. I found item 5 very useful but you probably need to have a good knowledge of econometric theory to take full advantage of it.
There are also various graduate textbooks on time series analysis, panel data analysis, and various other aspects of econometrics.
Econometrics is often taught as a series of recipes. e.g. estimate the following expression using OLS, without an explanation of the importance of the underlying economic theory. Causality is often inferred from tests of significance without an understanding of how the statistical tests depend on the underlying economic theory. The ideas of tests of hypotheses and p-values are often not understood. The books below are attempts to explain what can be achieved by statistical/econometric analysis and how to avoid false conclusions.
  1. Huntington Klein (2022), The Edge An Introduction to Research Design and Causality, CRC Press. R code is used throughout the book. An online version is available at https://theeffectbook.net/.
  2. Edge (2019), Statistical Thinking from scratch, Oxford deals with the simple regression model and adds considerably to an understanding of the various tests and recipes that are used in econometrics without resource to advanced mathematics.
  3. Cunningham (2021) Causal Inference: The Mixtape, Yale. has examples in R and Stata. This is a little more advanced than 1 and 2.
  4. Hirschauer, Gruner et al. (2022), Fundamentals of Statistical Inference, Springer. This book should be compulsory reading for all econometricians and applied statisticians (and anyone doing statistical analysis. In particular, the coverage of testing hypotheses and p-values is essential reading. It is written in a very accessible form. (It does not contain any R examples)
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Hello Folks,
I am writing mini research and having a hard time understanding the dependent variable and independent variable to write a hypothesis on this topic.
As for my findings on this topic "·Impact of using Customer Support Chatbots to improve business-customer interaction."
Customer chatbot: Independent variable
Improve Customer interaction: Dependent variable
Once I identify the independent and dependent variables where do I write my hypothesis in my report? Is it on the introduction page?
Can I have any guidance, please?
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I think one of the most important part of the research is the research question. Hypothesis is the affirmation which answers your research question, as an anticipation. A probable one.
Therefore, it ends your introduction, and the previous part is the support in concepts and previous research to ask your research question or formulate your hypothesis. After that, the method you write is the way you will use to test the hypothesis (or answer the question), and dat is the answer. The discusion is the interpretation or meaning of your results in light of previous research and concepts.
Al the rest, I think, is as prof. Soumya Bouknana said.
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Describing the challenge of the study in a review paper
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A terribly vague, ambiguous question! There are two major possibilities. By challenge one might mean the problem under investigation. That usually is in the introduction. If challenge meant problems with research, it would be limitations and toward the end.
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I'm using some words in my research paper's introduction like "task compilation time," "fixation," "fixation duration," etc. I define those variables or terms in the methodology, but readers may not be able to understand them in the first place. So, how does the researcher deal with such a problem? They are not new terms or variables. In eye-tracking research, they're common terms. So, should I mention these kinds of terms in my introduction?
N.B: They're not acronym.
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I would use the full expression, then the abbreviation in parentheses. Unless the journal states otherwise, that is the standard usually. Some journals permit a limited number of well accepted abbreviations in that field. This is listed in the author instructions.
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Do anyone have examples where the introduction of new overall or specific methodologies have led to significant changes/results within an academic field or within the real-world dimension that a specific field targets?
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In the social sciences, I would list the introduction of mixed methods research. It not only opened up a wide range of new research possibilities but also helped put to rest a number of controversies from the previous two decades.
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I'm working on the thesis in the field of physics particularly physical chemistry in electrolyzer cell technology (related to fuel cell technology). but i'm confused which contents should I include in the introduction? If you help
thanks and regards.
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In principle the structure given by Ali A. Al-Allaq is correct. About the degree of detail you should discuss with your referee because that's a question of the standards within your department/faculty:
Some want a "closed" document in which you find everything so that the thesis is self-explanatory and does not require actually checking out the references while others have the attitude that they don't want to read too much so they want you to just briefly summarize your method and then reference more detailed introductions.
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can some one guild me how to best answer this comment from examiners?
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Hello Mufarrah,
At first glance, it sounds as if the reviewer is asking for justification for the inclusion of the target moderator in your model. The second part may be as simple as explaining how you created the interaction term (e.g., did you use mean centering for the product term in your model?).
If you're still unclear, it's always fair game to ask the action editor (or whomever is running this show) to request clarification of any concerns raised by reviewer/s that you don't understand.
Good luck with your work.
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I would like to prepare a lecture on "Introduction to Statistics" and am looking for a suitable textbook on which to base the lecture. Any recommendations?
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I want to know about introduction, definition, explanation, examples and application of soft multi set topology
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The multi set (mset) topology you asked for is given in the following article:
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I plan to divide my long research article(simulation + mathematical) into two parts, but I am clueless about how to do this. (I can not separate the simulation and mathematical analysis)
I have a few questions regarding the same
1) Do I need to show the common mathematics in both parts?
2) Can the introduction be the same?
3) Can some explanations remain the same in both parts?
Can someone give me the reference of any article divided into two parts?
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Dear Amany Fouad ,
Thanks for the suggestion. I will try to do the same if it can be done in my work.
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The attached image is the introduction of part D - Complex Analysis from [Kreyszig, E. (2009). Advanced engineering mathematics, 10th edition.]. At the end of the introduction, the author explains why complex analysis is important in three points. I am having difficulty understanding point (3), my questions are: 1- How studying analytic functions as functions of a complex variable leads to a deeper understanding of their properties? 2- How studying analytic functions as functions of a complex variable leads to interrelations in complex that have no analog in real calculus. I am grateful to anyone who could or tried to answer my questions and if possible provide examples to get a full understanding.
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Thank you all
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I am writing my master's thesis in the structure displayed in the attached picture.
I write about the new methods I developed in the methods section. There are some topics that I don't know in which chapter to include them. For example, one of my methods is related to Cross-Validation. I want to add some background about Cross Validation from the literature. Where should I write about it? In the introduction, or to add this paragraph in the methods before the relevant method?
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Introduction is a part of thesis or article shows some old findings of that topic and shows the importance of your work that you are intending to do. Materials and methods is the part that explains materials used and method of application. I suggest to you to read any published article ,and you will get more information.Regards.
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I cited a piece of information while submitting my article back in 2021. During submission, it was state-of-the-art. After being accepted in 2022, I found updated state-of-the-art published very recently. Should I update my citation with the 2022 data?
In the current stage, we, the authors, will submit the final files, and the editorial office will give us another chance of proofreading after adapting to the formats. And, it is just a piece of information in the Introduction section and doesn't affect the result/outcome of the article.
Thanks for your time!
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Once a paper is accepted, you cannot update the accepted version of the paper.
If you need to update the paper, you have to write a letter to the Editor explaining the reason for wanting to update the accepted version of the paper.
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Is the hypothesis (formulated in the introduction to the ) about the one-to-one correspondence between Abelian and non-Abelian finite groups correct?
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There are more non-commutative groups, since any commutative group can be re-written in "non-commutative" terms, yet the converse does not apply really.
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Hello Gurus,
I have two ideas for a research topic, yet combining them is not working in my ADD head.
I am struggling with my introduction, not the methods or other sections yet want to combine self-affirmations and testing the emotions in a participants writing.
Suggestions?
JDM
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Thank you so much Ayesha!
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Sometimes you find it necessary to include literature/cite work to firmly assemble your introduction, and too, thrash some disagreements, and differences to give your introduction a sense of purpose. Yet, in the literature review section, you will be forced to repeat identical discussions. So, what about joining both intro and literature review?
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There is no single answer to this question, but personally I would not mix the introduction with the literature review. A reader expects to find out about the background information in the introduction section as well as some literature gaps whereas the literature review has the purpose of trying to find answers to those literature gaps. So, I do not think, as a reader of such mixed article would get a good impression from it.
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The introduction of smart foresight in the decision making process opens new possibilities for the decision making centers by upgrading aspects such as transparency, flexibility, risk aversion,, rate of adoption in both private and public sector, etc. Please comment
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Many tools, approaches, and techniques underpin foresight and futures studies and responses to this query will be a function of the case-by-case relevance of each to the five phases of a particular SMART foresight process (i.e., Scoping, Mobilizing, Anticipating, Recommending, Transforming). Not to forget, decision-making is not a monolithic enterprise and several decision-making styles exist: the options range from autocratic to unanimity-based decision making, each with its raison d'être and related pros and cons.
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Some modern-day commercial aircraft engines employ chevrons (sawtooth pattern or serrated edges) at the back of their nacelles and engine exhaust nozzles essentially to reduce jet noise from separated-flow turbofan engines. Aside the reduction of acoustic level of the exhaust, other technical benefits may accrue from the introduction of such mixing devices. From point of view of a researcher/industrialist, what are other technical or economic benefits of chevrons' usage in jet engine nozzles of modern aircraft? This discussion is a precursory background to further research or explore other significant effects of chevrons' installation on the overall performance of a typical turbofan engine, which may include investigation of acoustic characterization, fluid-structure interactions and specific fuel consumption of such an aircraft engine.
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Other technical benefits may be associated with overall reduction in engine's weight and cost of providing active noise control mechanisms in such aircraft engines. Other technical benefits need to be uncovered through CFD analyses and experimentation on such turbofan engines.
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Some modern-day turbofan engines employ chevrons (sawtooth pattern or serrated edges) at the back of their fan housings and exhaust nozzles essentially to reduce jet noise emanating from separated-flow engines. Aside the reduction of acoustic level of the exhaust gases, other technical benefits may accrue from the introduction of such mixing devices. From point of view of a researcher/industrialist, what are other technical benefits of chevrons' installation in the exhaust nozzles of a modern turbofan engine?
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Chevron nozzles aid in reducing pressure variation and, as a result, jet noise. The chevron nozzle minimizes jet noise by influencing how air mixes after passing through and around the engine.
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There are different segments of a paper. However, to me writing the references is the most irritating part as I have to rewrite it again and again whenever it gets rejected. What about others?
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In my opinion methodology..
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Recently, I am working on a study about PWHT. I curious on when did PWHT first appear? How did PWHT develop with history time ? Which research institutions have made outstanding contributions in this regard?
hope to update the knowledge of PWHT, looking foward for your reply.
Thanks in advance.
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Please check the attached file, I hope it would help
Thanks
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I know nothing about this two related subjects and I need, for the moment, a concise introduction and, later, a more deep explanation with implementation techniques.
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This paper provides a very good overview:
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Currently, I am using Q5® Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit for introduction of desire mutation in genome. instead of getting single desire band, I am getting multiple band on agarose gel;. I have cross verified DNA template, Primers.
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I will try my best to help you with the limited information given. I have used the Q5 Site-Directed Mutagenesis kit extensively throughout my Master's and PhD, and for me, it has worked with troubleshooting at times. I have had the issue amplification of other DNA bands in the past which were non-specific or undesired. In the event of such situations, I would go back to the beginning and modify the ratio of primer and DNA added to the reaction mix. Trial and error with the annealing temperature is also another approach that should be investigated. Usually, when the manual suggests the time lengths for amplification in the last step based on the size of the DNA, it should be followed to the point. When I have shortened the time length in the last step in the past, I have seen amplification of undesired DNA as well. I hope this helps and good luck with the SDM!
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Hello everyone,
I am preparing two courses, one for Master students (semiconductors) and another about solid-state physics (PhD students)
Do you have any complete book references with exercises and corrections to prepare for such courses?
I ll have students with different backgrounds so I ll have to do some introductions
Thank you in advance
Joseph
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In addition to the previous post, this old USSR course might help. It is free to read, and a really good reference for the theoretical part:
Best Regards.
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I am undertaking a project which aims to compare the incidence of VTE between two groups with the same treatment. One group includes patients before introduction of a routine risk assessment tool and the other group includes patients after introduction of a routine risk assessment tool for VTE. Data will be collected retrospectively from a bespoke database and patients will be followed up for 3 months after the treatment was started. I was wondering what the best way to approach this would be. Also, can I do a study that just investigated this specific aim or do I have to look at other things too?
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Iant to know as well
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Can you extend Jones polynomial, Khovanov homology, Khovanov-Lipshitz-Sarkar stable homotopy type of links in the 3-sphere to any other 3-manifold? Kauffman, Manturov, Rushworth, Asaeda, Przytycki, Sikora, Tubbenhauer, Nikonov, and the author gave a partial answer in the case of thickened surfaces. See section four for the following article for detail.
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I will concur with Eiji Ogasa here
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Dear fellow scholars, can someone explain how can I prepare for my Interview for the post of Assistant Professor (Environmental Science) in a Central University. I know that I should prepare my CV, ready for self introduction.
For further interactions, how should I prepare myself. Because all we aware that no one can expertise in all the subjects. Most interview panel contain mixed group of experts, age groups etc. I have a short time to prepare and tell me how can I achieve this.
Thanks in advance!!!
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Excellent question. I look forward to the answers!
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Hello everyone,
I am aiming to write a PHD proposal of 1000 words. The research is described by the supervisor. That means, research questions, aim, and instruments are well defined by the supervisor.
I developed an introduction along with a brief literature review. I also refined the aim to specific objectives and outlined the reseaech methodology.
My questions are:
1- Should I paraphrase the research questions and research significance defined by the supervisor in my proposal?
2- In view of words limitation, what are the the sections that should be given more attention?
Thank you so much
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With ref to my previous thread I would request you to publish one or two papers in standard J. in the field of your specialisation . This will help you in writing your synopsis very clearly .
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Let me consider harmonic oscillations x'' + x = f_t(t), where f_t(t) describes thermal stochastic force <f_t(t) f_t(t')> \sim \delta(t - t'). I have already understood, that I can switch from such differential equation to the integral equations, where the integrals can be performed in Ito or Stratanovich sense. Which one relates to the real situation?
Another case: escape probability. If I want to numerically extract mean lifetime of a classical particle in a potential well due to thermal fluctuations, what kind of stochastic modeling should I use?
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All this and more is described in van Kampen’s book ``Stochastic processes in physics and chemistry".
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Hello,
We are looking for some one who can help with writting the introduction in the field of personality, social psychology, and well-being. If you are interested, please leave your email address here.
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Please have look on our(Eminent Biosciences (EMBS)) collaborations.. and let me know if interested to associate with us
Our recent publications In collaborations with industries and academia in India and world wide.
EMBS publication In association with Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile. Publication Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33397265/
EMBS publication In association with Moscow State University , Russia. Publication Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32967475/
EMBS publication In association with Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology,, Mount Sinai Health System, Manhattan, NY, USA. Publication Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29199918
EMBS publication In association with University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, USA. Publication Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30457050
EMBS publication In association with Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA. Publication Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27852211
EMBS publication In association with ICMR- NIN(National Institute of Nutrition), Hyderabad Publication Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23030611
EMBS publication In association with University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth MN 55811 USA. Publication Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27852211
EMBS publication In association with University of Yaounde I, PO Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon. Publication Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30950335
EMBS publication In association with Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil. Publication Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30693065
Eminent Biosciences(EMBS) and University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon. Publication Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31210847/
Eminent Biosciences(EMBS) and University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48080, Leioa, Spain. Publication Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27852204
Eminent Biosciences(EMBS) and King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Publication Link: http://www.eurekaselect.com/135585
Eminent Biosciences(EMBS) and NIPER , Hyderabad, India. Publication Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29053759
Eminent Biosciences(EMBS) and Alagappa University, Tamil Nadu, India. Publication Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30950335
Eminent Biosciences(EMBS) and Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad , India. Publication Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28472910
Eminent Biosciences(EMBS) and C.S.I.R – CRISAT, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India. Publication Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30237676
Eminent Biosciences(EMBS) and Karpagam academy of higher education, Eachinary, Coimbatore , Tamil Nadu, India. Publication Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30237672
Eminent Biosciences(EMBS) and Ballets Olaeta Kalea, 4, 48014 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain. Publication Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29199918
Eminent Biosciences(EMBS) and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Hyderabad - 500 016, Telangana, India. Publication Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28472910
Eminent Biosciences(EMBS) and School of Ocean Science and Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad-682 506, Cochin, India. Publication Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27964704
Eminent Biosciences(EMBS) and CODEWEL Nireekshana-ACET, Hyderabad, Publication Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26770024
Eminent Biosciences(EMBS) and Bharathiyar University, Coimbatore-641046, Tamilnadu, India. Publication Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27919211
Eminent Biosciences(EMBS) and LPU University, Phagwara, Punjab, India. Publication Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31030499
Eminent Biosciences(EMBS) and Department of Bioinformatics, Kerala University, Kerala. Publication Link: http://www.eurekaselect.com/135585
Eminent Biosciences(EMBS) and Gandhi Medical College and Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad 500 038, India. Publication Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27450915
Eminent Biosciences(EMBS) and National College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirapalli, 620 001 Tamil Nadu, India. Publication Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27266485
Eminent Biosciences(EMBS) and University of Calicut - 673635, Kerala, India. Publication Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23030611
Eminent Biosciences(EMBS) and NIPER, Hyderabad, India. ) Publication Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29053759
Eminent Biosciences(EMBS) and King George's Medical University, (Erstwhile C.S.M. Medical University), Lucknow-226 003, India. Publication Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25579575
Eminent Biosciences(EMBS) and School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India Publication Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25579569
Eminent Biosciences(EMBS) and Safi center for scientific research, Malappuram, Kerala, India. Publication Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30237672
Eminent Biosciences(EMBS) and Dept of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad Publication Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25248957
EMBS publication In association with Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Hyderabad Publication Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26229292
Sincerely,
Dr. Anuraj Nayarisseri
Principal Scientist & Director,
Eminent Biosciences.
Mob :+91 97522 95342
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As the main research parts including, the abstracts, introduction, literature review, research methodology, research findings, discussions, reccommendation and conclusions. So, What does it mean by tenses (a set of forms taken by a verb to indicate the time).
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The guidance as per the following publications and link (see some more discussions and recommended publications) may further help:
  • Day, R. A. (1998) How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper.5th edn. Phoenix, Arizona: The Oryx Press.
  • Day, R. A. and Sakaduski, N. (2011) Scientific English: A Guide for Scientists and Other Professionals.Third edn. California: Greenwood.
  • Evans, D., Gruba, P. and Zobel, J. (2014) How to Write a Better Thesis. Third edn. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
  • Hengl, T. and Gould, M. (2002) Rules of thumb for writing research articles, International Institute for Geo-information science and Earth Observation (ITC), Enschede, pp. 1-9.
  • Parija, S. C. and Kate, V. (2018) Thesis Writing for Master's and Ph.D. Program. Gateway East, Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
  • Wallwork, A. (2013) English for Research: Usage, Style, and Grammar. New York: Springer.
  • Which tenses are used in writing literature review?: https://www.researchgate.net/post/Which_tenses_are_used_in_writing_literature_review
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Its a question from book introduction to machine learning by Ethem Alpaydin.
Let us say we have two representations for the same object and associated with each, we have a different kernel. how can we use both to implement a joint dimensionality reduction using kernel PCA?
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I found this image that I wish to use in a scholar publication but its author is unknown. Can someone please tell me the original source of this image (some old book or text ?!)?????
Details - I downloaded a document from the internet called Introduction to fungi. This seems to be some unpublished work (a leaked thesis maybe?!). No names or citations are shown on this document (68pp). It featured this graphic as Fig1.1 (no credits given anywhere) which I wish to use in my thesis. So I would like to give the proper citation for the image!
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You can cite ppt published in online using following format.
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Hello All;
Recently, I got a comment from a reviewer, saying that recent works have not been cited in the manuscript. However, i had cited the most relevant and important older works in the introduction section of my manuscript. I looked for the recent literature but could't find any good one related to my work. As-per the comment of the reviewer; should I add the new unimportant literature in my manuscript as well or not?
Thank you very much.
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Hello Dr. Subir,
I don't have enough experience like many other researchers who will provide good insights about it but I feel what you have said is right to me. I guess most will agree that we only consider most relevant historical works and recent findings only to cite in our paper. Thank you.
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I would like to discuss this suggestion for editors of science journals (eg MDPI). It is about adding a "Practical application" or "Practical application of the results" section to the article structure, preferably right before or right after “Conclusions” section. In one of the reviews of our papers, the reviewer suggested adding such a section to show the practical implications of our research, as given for practicing professionals in the respective field of expertise. I believe that this is a very important suggestion. Not all research has practical, direct application, and is very often within the boundaries of basic examination, but it is advisable that the authors indicate (consider) areas for which the described results may be of practical importance. It does not have to be a commercial use, but a support for another area of science, for the benefit of society or community. You can say that there is an “Introduction” already, so why give another section? Unfortunately, a very common phenomenon in the Introduction section is to provide sources of applications without their verification, purely based on the luxuriant imagination of the authors of the reports being cited. A separate section on "practical applications/implications" will allow the application directions to be clearly marked and the authors to take responsibility for this part. Quoting other authors is a cover from this responsibility, but is also responsible for misconceptions growing within the scientific field and community. The introduction of such a section may be beneficial for both authors and publishers. It will increase the interest in the article and is more useful than the so-called research highlights. I am curious about your opinion on this matter.
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Publisher's Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Featured Application: Authors are encouraged to provide a concise description of the specific application or a potential application of the work. This section is not mandatory.
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Dear Colleagues
Could you share with me your ideas on writing the introduction to a journal article? Does a research article need a separate literature review section or it can be included in the introduction section of the article?
Please provide me your suggestions.
Regards
Krishna
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read more and more literature review(GNL)
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I heard and following that an introduction of the article should the last attempt, and I have finished methodology, findings, discussion, and conclusion but trying start to write an introduction. I am expecting any suggestions/guidelines from the expert (who recently finished SLR) for the Good/Standard Introduction write-up.
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Begin with a broad statement of your research problem .Then narrow down to your area of interest. You You may begin with one or two broad statements about the field and cite published or unpublished( but authentic) papers or books to support your case. Then classify your literature into groups . Then begin to write a tend report on each of these groups.
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hello RG community,
I am looking for articles and information about what the French call: « Introduction à la pensée complexe » (Edgard Morin). It is a new concept for me so I please send basic information if you have any!
Thank you,
Jessica
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Wondering if anyone here has done this Certification course before and can give a review. Is NIH Introduction to Principles & Practice of Clinical Research course worth doing?
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Although the content is good at explaining theoretical aspects of clinical research, I am not sure if the certification could be a plus in the CV. I took my chances and will see if it can be used as a hint in further PhD opportunities
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Dear community,
Do you have any book suggestions for a nice introduction to Bayesian statistics? (Preferable for ecologist)
Many thanks
Jannis
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"Statistical Rethinking" by Richard McElreath and "Doing Bayesian Analysis" by John K. Kruschke are really great entry points. Any book by Andrew Gelman is a reference but maybe better for more advanced readers in my opinion. Hope this helps!
Note: Statistical Rethinking also has been 'translated' into brms code by Solomon Kurtz here: https://bookdown.org/content/4857/
brms is a very user-friendly package for Bayesian stats that runs rstan on the background but with simpler syntax
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i want to write a case study on the defects of timber with nothing less than six citations
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Wood, like all plant material, consists of cells. “Woody” plants are able to attain a large size because of a complex substance know as ‘lignin’, that binds the various cells together. Wood is classified as ‘hardwood’ if it has vessels in its structure, or ‘softwood’ if it does not. Softwoods have a more fibrous structure. The term hardwood does not relate to the hardness of the wood, but is the common word for plants of the dicotyledon sub-group. Hardwoods are often more dense and more difficult to work than softwoods, but there are many exceptions to this. The major chemical components of wood are cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. There are also a number of minor components known as extractives, which vary depending on the species.