Intervention Research - Science topic

Background Oral hygiene behavior has been increasingly recognized as a potential contributor to chronic disease prevention. This scoping review aimed to synthesize existing evidence on the associations between tooth brushing behavior (as a proxy for oral hygiene) and major chronic health outcomes, including cardiovascular events (e.g., myocardial i...

Urine-detecting alarms are prevalent in toilet training intervention research and clinical practice for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities, but the effects of urine alarms remain unclear. Urine alarms may function as punishing or reinforcing contingencies, or may merely alert trainers to accidents and improve treatment int...

Background Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a transitional stage between normal aging and the onset of dementia. The early detection of MCI is essential to avoid certain irreversible brain damage at the end of life. While there have been a variety of preventive interventions used in the past three decades, need to know the current trends is neces...

Using techniques commonly applied in participatory action research and ethnography, we examine 20 specific cases of experimentation for a selection of carbon removal and solar radiation modification interventions. These experiments include engineering-based approaches such as stratospheric aerosol injection, cloud brightening, carbon–neutral cement...

Background Some autistic children exhibit behavior that caregivers, clinicians, and researchers consider problematic. However, there is little consensus about the types of behaviors that should be treated as a problem and reduced via intervention. In autism intervention research, problem behaviors range from inherently harmful behaviors such as agg...

Transport workers, particularly taxi drivers and commercial motorcyclists, comprise a population at high risk for HIV and account for nearly one-third of new HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Transport workers bridge HIV infections from high-risk populations to the general population. This scoping review aimed to map the available evidenc...

Background : Integrated knowledge translation (iKT) represents an approach to optimizing health interventions research through active collaboration between researchers and knowledge users throughout the research process. To date, few studies have explored the process of engaging in iKT, particularly in the context of multiple sclerosis (MS) researc...

Purpose Numerous studies emphasize the critical impact of early communicative interactions on children's language, cognitive, and social development; academic performance; and life outcomes. Early research linking disparities in language interaction quality and quantity to socioeconomic factors sometimes identified these population differences as t...

This essay discusses the need for and the possibilities of transitioning from the conceptual framework of combined prevention to the conception of “comprehensive prevention,” based on intervention research aimed at supporting and protecting the sexual and reproductive health of adolescents and youth in three cities in the state of São Paulo, Brazil...

Introduction Loneliness and social isolation (SI) are critical public health issues with well-documented effects on health and well-being. However, much of existing observational and intervention research has focused predominantly on individual-and interpersonal-level factors. This longitudinal study addresses significant knowledge gaps by comprehe...

Background Intervention adaptation, the deliberate modification of the design or delivery of interventions to a new context, is more resource efficient than de novo development. However, adaptation must be approached methodically, as some modifications, such as those to the core components, may compromise the intervention’s initial efficacy. While...

Background Observational evidence suggests that increasing fruit and vegetable (FV) intake has the potential to improve children’s cognitive function and mental well-being, but this has not yet been empirically tested in intervention research. This study assessed the feasibility and acceptability of a multi-component FV intervention which measures...

Background: Community pharmacy (CP) is a setting with health promotion and public health potentialwhich could include strategies with a nutrition promotion focus. Research embedded in this setting hasexplored and produced evidence to inform practice change to develop this potential. The experience ofundertaking research in this setting may provide...

Human trafficking for forced labour or sexual exploitation often takes the form of forced migration. It is the third-largest crime industry in the world and has severe consequences on the women survivors. Trafficking violates the safety, welfare, and human rights of the victims and forces physical and psychological imprisonment on them. Despite the...

Background: Community pharmacy (CP) is a setting with health promotion and public health potentialwhich could include strategies with a nutrition promotion focus. Research embedded in this setting hasexplored and produced evidence to inform practice change to develop this potential. The experience ofundertaking research in this setting may provide...

Background: Community pharmacy (CP) is a setting with health promotion and public health potentialwhich could include strategies with a nutrition promotion focus. Research embedded in this setting hasexplored and produced evidence to inform practice change to develop this potential. The experience ofundertaking research in this setting may provide...

Introduction: Cholera remains a significant public health challenge in Nigeria, with recurring outbreaks driven by environmental, socioeconomic, and healthcare-related factors. This systematic review examines the propagation of cholera across Nigeria's six geopolitical zones, identifying key risk factors and regional disparities to inform targeted...

The study investigated the production of digital videos for teaching quantities and measurements in the 5th grade of Elementary School. Using a qualitative approach and intervention research, the active participation of students in the creation of videos that related mathematical concepts to everyday life, such as measurements in supermarkets, was...

Background and Objectives Delirium is one of the most common forms of acute cerebral dysfunction in critically ill children, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. The aim of the scoping review was to identify studies describing or evaluating non-pharmacological interventions to prevent or treat pediatric delirium. Design and Methods Scoping...

Background Hispanic/Latino individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) face greater disease burden and comorbidity due to limited healthcare access, underrepresentation in research, and social determinants of health (SDOH). Exercise training could manage health outcomes, but existing intervention research lacks Hispanic/Latino representation. Methods...

Background Sexual and gender minority young adult (SGM YA) populations use tobacco at higher rates than their non-SGM YA peers. Prior studies have identified significant correlations between interpersonal stigma and tobacco use, yet structural stigma may also influence tobacco use among SGM YA. This study aimed to assess the indirect effects of str...

Introduction The health of underserved populations, including sexual and gender minority forced migrants, is a pressing global concern. Public contribution in research has the potential to enhance prioritisation and aid in intervention development, but has been criticised due to a lack of sufficient diversity and engagement with underserved populat...

Rapid advancement is paving the way to identify children who would likely benefit from early intervention during the first years of life, prior to the onset of significant delays in development. With the widely acknowledged benefits of early intervention, key questions arise: Does behavioral intervention targeted to infancy and early toddlerhood im...

Sexual health is an essential component of overall well-being, yet it is a neglected aspect of health care for older women in China, where cultural stigmas and structural barriers limit access to sexual health communication and services. This study protocol describes the co-creative and iterative methodological framework used to develop an evidence...

Background/objectives: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a common acute complication of diabetes with treatment consisting of reversal of cause, insulin administration, fluid resuscitation and electrolyte repletion. Yet, many aspects of DKA management are currently based on low-quality evidence or physiological rationale. This evidence and gap map re...

Meat consumption negatively impacts ecological sustainability, health, and animal welfare. Research suggested promising effects of re-designing product arrangements so that vegetarian items become the default. However, whether default nudging leads to actual behaviour change in the context of meat consumption, and whether these effects are sustaina...

Irritability can be a prominent characteristic of various psychopathologies, including childhood psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. Genetic, environmental, and prenatal factors influence the development and progression of childhood irritability. This review aims to highlight the biological and behavioral pathways associated with childhoo...

Many psychotherapy interventions have a large evidence base and can help a substantial number of people with symptoms of mental health conditions. However, we still have little understanding of why treatments work. Early advances in psychotherapy, such as the development of exposure therapy, built on theoretical and experimental evidence from Pavlo...

There are few intervention trials aimed at lowering fatigue in pediatric rheumatic conditions (PRCs), despite the fact that it is a common and upsetting symptom in these patients. The study's primary goal is to thoroughly examine the data pertaining to the effectiveness of treatments meant to lessen fatigue in PRC patients. We followed the Preferre...

Background Gender-based violence (GBV) is associated with high rates of psychopathology (i.e., depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder) in victim-survivors. Existing research has demonstrated that physical activity is beneficial for mental health and wellbeing across various populations. However, it is currently unclear whether moderate...

Maternal obesity is an escalating public health concern that adversely affects pregnancy outcomes. Adipokines play a key role in regulating metabolism and fetal development, but their dynamic changes during pregnancy remain inadequately understood. Objective: This study investigates maternal and fetal adipokine variations throughout pregnancy and t...

Purpose To devise an implementation blueprint for the fracture liaison service (FLS) model within the context of a medical consortium. The FLS is an integrated system designed to identify, register, assess, treat, and monitor patients with osteoporotic fractures. The FLS constitutes a structured intervention strategy to administer standardized care...

Background Partnerships between researchers and food retailers are advocated as necessary for developing sustainable and effective health-promotion initiatives in supermarkets. However, little is known about how such partnerships evolve and influence different phases of intervention research. This study explores how partnerships between researchers...

Background This study aimed to systematically scope the available quantitative evidence for adolescent Bulimia Nervosa (BN) interventions. Specifically, the study aimed to review psychological and behavioural symptoms outcomes, as well as changes in comorbid psychiatric and caregiver factors. Method Five main and three grey literature databases we...

Introduction This study examines the current state of intervention studies focused on Korean firefighters, who face unique health challenges due to the demands of their work and specific organizational culture. Recognizing a gap in studies tailored to firefighters’ needs, this scoping review aimed to identify existing interventions and provide reco...

Background Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is particularly prevalent yet highly understudied and undertreated in adolescence. This study evaluates the efficacy of an internet-based, therapist-guided cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for adolescents and young adults with BDD compared to supportive online therapy as an active control condition. Meth...

The positive behavior support strategy was used to intervene in the attachment behavior of a 4-year-old autistic child. During the intervention, the ABC behavior observation form and the children's attachment behavior classification cards were used to observe the child and implement the intervention. The intervention lasted for 6 weeks, with 5 sess...

This qualitative study protocol outlines a co-creation project between researchers and the Swedish police to improve cross-functional collaboration in online child sexual abuse (CSA) investigations. Online CSA cases are complex and require extensive collaboration between prosecutors, IT forensic expertise, and investigators with expertise in child...

Purpose The purpose of this research is to analyze the interactions among different governance layers – metagovernance, governance of networks and network governance – within the governmental public infrastructure (GPI). Specifically, it focuses on the development and implementation of a collaboration performance indicator. The study aims to unders...

Introduction Migraines are a type of headache, with certain types being more severe than others. The aim of this scoping review is to map the association between migraine headache and irregular meals, including skipping meals or missed diets and fasting. Methods The six-stages methodological framework of Arksey & O'Malley for scoping reviews was us...

Background Anxiety is very common among patients undergoing surgery. Like other forms of surgery, neurosurgery can affect patients both physically and emotionally. One of the ways to control and reduce anxiety is to pay attention to spiritual interventions and spiritual health. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the Qur'an on the...

Background: This study explored the stigma experiences of people with drug-resistant tuberculosis at health facilities in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: Focus group discussions were conducted with individuals receiving treatment for drug-resistant tuberculosis at five treatment centers in Lagos. Thematic analysis was conducted. Results: The participants...

This article synthesizes recent research on social network dynamics and peer-led interventions to address adolescent behaviors in five domains: bullying, internalizing problems, substance use, healthy lifestyles, and sexual behaviors. Social network studies highlight the role of peers in shaping norms, behaviors, and group dynamics. Peer-led interv...

Background Road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death among young people worldwide. While advances in vehicle safety have reduced some of the risks, the speed and quality of pre-hospital care are critical to prevent fatalities. In France, patients are cared for by medical teams and firefighters who must work together as closely as possibl...

Purpose Autism early intervention research has indicated a research-to-practice gap, including continued use of practices with inadequate research support, and insufficient use of empirically supported practices. The present study explored the processes and mechanisms through which providers working with young children on the autism spectrum learn,...

Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescent girls has become a major public health concern worldwide. Several factors serve as predictors of overweight: eating habits, dietary intake, and physical activity. However, the complex relationship between diet, physical activity, and nutritional status in these adolescent girls r...

Thyroid cancer treatment can cause side effects that have a significant impact on the patient's quality of life and health, so effective interventions are needed to address these impacts. This study aimed to explore various interventions, their impact on the quality of life of thyroid cancer patients. This study used a scoping review approach with...

Background Cognitive impairment has been widely reported among cancer survivors, significantly impacting their quality of life. Mindfulness interventions are increasingly used to alleviate cognitive impairment in patients with cancer. This study aimed to assess the effects of mindfulness interventions on cognitive impairment in patients with cancer...

Universities being the pioneers in adult formal education has a vital role in disseminating climate change education. Study aimed to identify STEM teaching tools on climate literacy, climate change mitigation and adaptation measures and resilient building, to find out the pedagogies with climate justice and local anchor phenomena and to find out th...

Objective Implementation outcomes are important in intervention research as a necessary precursor to achieving desired health outcomes. Considering the critical role of implementation outcomes, this study involved a comprehensive review of implementation outcome measures used in digital health interventions specifically targeting young adults. Met...

Young people are particularly vulnerable to substance use and addiction and need reliable access to services to prevent and manage them. Access to substance use intervention programs was disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to the adoption of virtual intervention programs for substance use prevention. Delivering virtual services through plat...

Background: Social prescribing (SP) has received increasing interest in recent years due to its potential to encourage health-promoting behaviours, such as physical activity (PA). However, to develop effective SP interventions, it is critical to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms of change associated with SP and their potential to promote...

Introduction Migraines are a type of headache, with certain types being more severe than others. The aim of this scoping review is to map the association between migraine headache and irregular meals, including skipping meals or missed diets and fasting. Methods The six-stages methodological framework of Arksey & O’Malley for scoping reviews was u...

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and thyroid dysfunction are dual conditions that are common during pregnancy and have a substantial impact on the health of both the mother and the fetus. Even while the effects of each condition are becoming more well acknowledged, little is known about how these two disorders interact. Objective: Th...

Background Reflexivity enables individuals to analyze a situation based on past experience to develop other ways of thinking and perspectives for action. Reflexivity is therefore crucial for the improvement of professional practice. In medical education, recent studies have identified patient engagement as a promising strategy for fostering reflexi...

Background Since its launch in 2017, TikTok has rapidly emerged as a major player in the digital landscape, amassing over a billion active users. Its engaging features have raised concerns about potential problematic use and negative mental health outcomes. Despite increasing scholarly attention, a consolidated understanding of TikTok’s problematic...

Purpose This study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis of research literature on psychological interventions for stroke survivors published from 2000 to 2024, focusing on psychological resilience and psychological well-being, utilizing VOSviewer and CiteSpace. Patients and Methods Literature data was sourced from the Web of Science Core Collec...

In this systematic review, we examined the educational intervention research focused on children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from Arab countries and cultures published between 1960 and January 2024. The 23 included studies were conducted in nine Arab countries and the UK, with nearly 70% of the studies carried out in four Arab countries. St...

Glaucoma leads to permanent vision loss in older adults. Self- and family-management behavior is crucial to controlling intraocular pressure. However, there is limited intervention research in this population regarding involving and training family caregivers to help with the daily self-management of glaucoma. This two-group quasi-experimental with...

Background and objectives: Prenatal care provides pregnant women with regular opportunities to meet healthcare professionals while not being ill. Nothing similar currently takes place for the second parent. In the PARTAGE project, a prenatal consultation dedicated to future fathers, focused on preserving and improving their own health, has been tes...

The core characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are atypical neurodevelopmental disorders. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), as a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, has been applied in the treatment of various neurodevelopmental disorders. Entropy analysis methods can quantitatively describe the complexity of EEG sig...

Polypharmacy is common amongst older people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), increasing the risk of medication-related harm. Medicine optimisation and deprescribing to reduce polypharmacy is considered feasible, safe and can lead to improved health. However, for those living with dementia or MCI, this can be challenging. This syste...

Green spaces improve societal well-being, foster connectivity to nature, and attenuate climate change. Despite Rwanda and other developing countries increasingly pursuing green economies, urban greening efforts still need multi-conceptual models that comprehensively address socio-economic and environmental requirements. This study employs a GIS-bas...

Purpose Faith-based organizations (FBOs) have been recognized as a critical partner to reach underserved, marginalized populations in the U.S. for disease prevention and health promotion. FBOs have been successfully engaged to lower risk for leading causes of death, including cancer, but despite the proliferation of FBO cancer intervention research...

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe eating disorder and among the mental disorders with the highest mortality rate. To date, not much is known about its development and maintenance, and treatment outcomes are improvable. At the same time, research on psychological interventions for AN is a complicated endeavor, often characterized by small sample siz...

Intensifying job demands and their negative consequences are observed to a higher degree in aged care compared to health care and other sectors. However, the ability to identify and apply effective strategies to reduce job demands in this sector is impeded by a lack of synthesis and integration of existing research on interventions that directly or...

Background The Perceived Stressors in Intensive Care Units (PS-ICU) scale was designed to assess both general and occupational stressors experienced by healthcare professionals (HCPs) under normal circumstances. It has demonstrated good psychometric properties in three languages: French, Spanish, and Italian. The aim of the present study was to tra...

The purpose of this study is to analyze trends in intervention research conducted over the past decade targeting elementary school students experiencing maladjustment and to identify key characteristics of these studies, thereby providing foundational data for designing effective future interventions. To achieve this, 25 relevant studies published...

Background: Aflatoxin, produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus fungi, contaminates a broad range of crops such as maize, nuts, and cotton. Aflatoxin exposure causes growth failure, immune suppression, and liver cancer. While several systematic reviews have assessed the link between aflatoxin exposure and growth development in hum...

Purpose of Review Environmental heat exposure is associated with adverse mental health outcomes in the general population; however, the mental health effects of heat exposure in occupational populations have not been fully characterized. We sought to: (1) review primary research studies on the relationship of occupational heat exposure with mental...

Whereas participatory research and development is widely acclaimed, an effective explicit procedure for ensuring end-user participation remains a holy grail. Our study proposes a simple participatory approach by operationalizing the Embedded Research Translation (ERT), developed by LASER PULSE, and demonstrates its application among smallholder veg...

We review how various forms of randomization can be applied in single-case experimental design (SCED) methodology to help control various threats to internal validity. Randomization strategies that can be added to various SCEDs include phase-order randomization, between-intervention case randomization, within-intervention case randomization, and in...

Objective Adolescents are also more vulnerable to the effects of everyday life stimuli and exhibit a range of negative emotional states that can develop into severe affective disorders. However, Psychological resilience maybe enable the prevention of emotional problems associated with daily stress rather than intervening treating the problem after...

Introduction A recent upsurge of interest in the health benefits of crafts for mental health and well‐being has not been supported by systematic reviews of the effectiveness of crafts‐based interventions, prior to this review. Methods Five databases were searched: Scopus, CINAHL (EBSCO), APA PsycInfo (EBSCO), Eric (EBSCO), and ProQuest Dissertatio...

This study aims to revise the emotion and motivation self-regulation questionnaire(EMSR-Q) and test its validity among Chinese middle school students. A total of 780 middle school students were selected for item analysis based on the classical test theory (CTT) and multidimensional item response theory (MIRT) respectively and exploratory factor ana...

Experiencing trauma or other adverse life events is highly prevalent and poses a significant risk for the development of mental disorders. Understanding the underlying mechanisms and neural processes involved in trauma processing is crucial for both prevention and targeting symptoms. Especially, difficulties in emotion regulation emerge as one key...

Reducing bipartisan animosity via correcting misperceptions of outgroup members lacks evidence to foster democratic behavior–intentions. We developed a short metacognitive training (MCT) for U.S. Republican leaners intended to induce identification-based metacognitive doubt. We expected this MCT to reduce indicators of cognitive and affective polar...

Previously, we systematically reviewed more than 20 years of influenza vaccine challenge trial research in pigs to answer the question, “does vaccinating sows protect offspring?” Overall, most studies were well designed but clinical heterogeneity made between-study comparisons challenging. Studies varied by samples, outcomes, and assays selected fo...

Background Children with cerebral palsy have substantial caregiving demands, and the overall health of their caregivers is greatly affected. The contributing variables to caregivers’ quality of life must be identified. Our attention will be paid to the impact of caregiver’s social resources such as social support and caregiver’s personal resources...

Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is the leading cause of disability among older adults with the knee being the most affected joint. Specifically, there is an urgent need to develop better analgesics for individuals with OA-related pain, since currently used analgesics frequently fail to provide adequate relief or must be discontinued owing to adverse...

The aim of this chapter is to describe the protagonist of this book, the intervention project called the Enhancing Children’s Attention project and some of the context around it. It sheds light on why we decided to conduct a randomized controlled trial to evaluate a widespread group-learning pedagogical approach using extensive testing, including b...

By involving stakeholders to identify issues, co-design facilitates the creation of solutions aligned with the community’s unique needs and values. However, genuine co-design with consumers across all stages of nutrition intervention research remain uncommon. The aim of this review was to examine notable examples of interventions to improve diets i...

Purpose The study aims to evaluate the occupational well-being outcomes of the Community-based Participatory Occupational Well-being Intervention for Educators among health care educators. Design/methodology/approach This study was a community-based participatory action research with pre-test–post-test design, including a year-lasting occupational...