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International Relations - Science topic

Group devoted to the social science discipline of International Relations
Questions related to International Relations
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I am looking for the foreign evaluators in Sociology, Psychology and International Relations to evaluate PhD Dissertation of our PhD Students. If someone is interested please share your CV. An evaluator must be from the advanced country and have the PhD in respective subject.
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Hi I am interested from Mongolia
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I am looking for the foreign evaluators in Sociology, Psychology and International Relations to evaluate PhD Dissertation of our PhD Students. If someone is interested please share your CV. An evaluator must be from the advanced country and have the PhD in respective subject.
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Most welcome
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Dear Doctors, professors, researchers, scholars,
I am currently developing a paper titled "A World Without Power: How the Number Zero Changes International Relations" which argues that traditional distinctions in power dynamics are illusory and that power (P) is equivalent to zero in the international system.
Please give me your honest opinion. I am attaching the file here.
Note: I know perfectly that the paper is incomplete since I need to situate my argument within or in relation to other works on International Relations.
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The "zero" might not literally mean the absence of power but rather a shift in understanding power dynamics.
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Can anyone suggest me some SSCI journals in Politics or International Relations or wider that are relatively easy and fast to publish?
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Dear Viola Tsing,
Finding SSCI journals in Politics or International Relations that are both relatively easy and fast to publish in can be challenging, as it often depends on the journal’s scope, review process, and the quality of the submission. However, some journals are known for their faster turnaround times and openness to a wider range of topics. You might consider journals like Global Governance, International Politics, or Foreign Policy Analysis, as they cover broad areas in international relations and politics. Additionally, Review of International Studies and The Hague Journal of Diplomacy might also be worth exploring.
I recommend checking each journal’s website for specific submission guidelines, acceptance rates, and average review times. Also, networking with peers in your field or contacting editorial teams directly can provide insight into their publishing process.
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It has been more than 2.7 years and the Russia-Ukraine war still seems to have no end. Now the Republicans have won the US General Election. From an international relations point of view, what could be the future of this highly tensed situation between the two countries?
Simultaneously now what is the US strategy toward supporting the ISREL war with Gaza, Hamas, and other surrounding countries?
Discussion are open for an open debate for the research community, or the person having a keen interest in International Relations.
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Yes, of course... Thank you
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Is Foreign Affairs an academic peer-reviewed source or it is an academic-style magazine?
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To my knowledge, Foreign Affairs is an academic-style magazine rather than a peer-reviewed academic journal. It publishes high-quality articles on international relations, foreign policy, and global affairs, but its articles are typically written by policy experts, diplomats, scholars, and journalists rather than being peer-reviewed research papers. While Foreign Affairs is respected in academic and policy-making circles and is often cited in academic work, its articles do not undergo the rigorous peer-review process standard in scholarly journals.
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Dear Md. Rakib
I find a great list via help Christopher Hogan. Many thanks to him again.
You can find at this links all of researches areas.
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Dear colleagues! Could anyone suggest books or articles on the political role of multinational corporations (be they Western or Asian)? I look for the instances of corporations interacting on more or less equal footing with states, imposing contracts on them, etc. Situations when corporations behave more like political (geopolitical) actors than purely economic structures. I would be much obliged.
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Dear Dr Sophie, thank you! Quite to the point, I am sure.
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Thailand Government has been state that they want to lavarage its Halal comodity for 4 years (Which is 2024-2028). Why they do this? (except for economy beneficial)
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Thailand leverages its halal commodity market to expand trade opportunities and access the growing Muslim consumer base globally. This strategy aims to boost economic growth and strengthen international relations. By promoting halal products, Thailand fosters a positive image of Islam, demonstrating respect for Islamic practices and contributing to a better understanding of Islam in a global context.
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"Integration of Mass Media and Communication into the System of International Relations: Place, Role, Actuality and Prospects: Modern Media Issues 2024"
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Yes
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It has been a quite long time since the Russia and Ukraine war has been going on and if we see the context of Geopolitics and International Relations we don't see a mediation between the two parties and ultimately the people of the two countries are facing the circumstances that arise by the governments.
Thanks.
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By invading Ukraine on February 24, 2022 Russia violated Ukraine's territorial integrity. In order for a ceasefire or peace agreement to be achieved, the main obstacle is that Russia must remove its troops from Ukraine, an action that Russia in not willing to make.
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I'm currently doing a PhD in International Relations and my research is based on the topic of the place of women in key positions in the european institutions.
Every interesting article related to this sibject is more than welcome :)
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Context - I am an International Relations student, and President of the International Relations Society, at the University of Exeter.
I'm currently undertaking a week long group research project, and this is our starting question.
Any research suggestions or perspectives would be greatly appreciated.
On that note, please do get in touch with myself either on ResearchGate or LinkedIn, if you would be interested in potentially giving an online talk (or in-person if our finances permit) to the Society. Our members are especially interested in strategy and security studies research/professional experience.
Best regards, thanks very much!
Thomas
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From what I have studies, I can say that military technology can sure help with climate mitigation. Military's field kitchens and mobile hospitals can provide humanitarian assistance, the drone and satellite imagery facility can be used to monitor areas leading to deforestation and flooding, buildings and infrastructure can be made earthquake and flood proof and so on. Also sensors can be placed to measure pollution and humidity levels.
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Dear colleagues,
in the doctrinal literature usually three sui generis subjects of international law are mentioned:
Holy See, ICRC and the Sovreign Order of Malta.
My question is, do you know about any other entities of their own kind, that possess international legal personality, but do not fall under any category of subjects of international law (state, international organisation, insurrectional movement, individual...)
Other question is, is ICRC really a subject sui generis, when its subjectivity is based namely on Geneva Convention, but these themselves are recognizing that this legal status may apply also to "other impartial humanitarian organization"
Thank you for your opinions and answers.
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The attached lecture contains reference to sui generis in the context of human rights law.
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Research Question(RQ): "Why can't Europe adopt a diplomatic approach similar to that of Qatar or Turkey or establish its own path as a reconciliator/mediator in international relations (IRs), international conflicts (ICs), and regional conflicts (RCs)?"
IRs: International Relations; ICs: International Conflicts; RCs: Regional Conflicts.
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Hi!
While agreeing in overall terms with the answers, I would like to hihglight the decreasing EU´s role in international relations. Some thirty years ago the saying portrayed the EU as a "economic giant, political dwarf and military worm". Nowadays the economic weight is decreasing, the political stature has not become larger, and the military resources would merit the EU a smaller size than that of a worm.
One reason is BREXIT. Neither the British Armed Forces, nor UK economy, nor HM foreign service can no longer be counted as EU assets. BREXIT could have had a political positive impact on EU CFSP by reducing the variety of political views, but this has not been the case since the other two big players, Germany and France, are not at their height of bilateral relations, and the EU has invested a lot - may be too much - in its support to UKR, a policy that takes resources from other areas and has shifted the Russian Federation from a difficult partner to an outright non-belligerent enemy. This has been obviuos in Mali or Niger, where the EU has been driven out, along with the French, mainly because of the latters´ history, but not without the Russians gaining some advantage.
I mean that performing as a mediator you need to have some weight, and I see the EU´s one decreasing in economical and military areas, while the political one is still fragmented, although the diplomatic arm - the EEAS - is stronger than it was years ago.
The other resource you need to perform as a mediator is being acceptable to the parties, if not totally impartial with regard to the conflict. Is now the EU more acceptable to the parties than it was some twenty or thirty years ago? I do not think so. It is politically fragmented, more dependant on the US, particulary after the response to the Russian invasion of UKR.
All these highlights the parameters that characterized the EU when confronted with crisis outside its borders: heavy political and economic involvement when it is close and interest of member states are strong (see Kosovo, or even military involvement, see Bosnia) and blurred as the conflict is far away and the interest of member states are not clear, or conflicting with each other. So very little room to be an international actor that can influence behaviuors.
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Dear friends,
Is there anyone who can share a book by Stephen G. Walker: Role Theory and Foreign Policy Analysis (1987, Duke University Press) in PDF? Please contact me via PM or e-mail. Thank you!
Ľ
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you may follow this link (https://archive.org/details/roletheoryforeig0000unse), create an account and download it via this web-site.
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Like Realism and Liberalism, Constructivism offers its own paradigm in the study of International Relation. Can Someone explain the main factor that facilitate or achieves intonational cooperation based in a Constructivism view?
If you consider circumstances like leaders, identity, beliefs, ideas, social norms etc., then please explain how that will lead to a corporation.
Thanks in advance.
Regards,
Ehssan
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Cooperation at the present time between countries is based on interest, and the latter is based on economics, that is, the economy is the primary driver of cooperation between countries. Otherwise, cooperation between countries is secondary.
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This is for an identity perspective analysis of international relations master thesis. I have researched so far some of the theoretical bases of those two, but I am trying to figure out a practical and if possible facile method of analysis for my first hand research that I need to do for the paper.
I would like to find out how I need to go about steps such as: finding the material, structuring of the material, comparative method, etc.
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The basis of strategic culture is realizing the extent of the importance of the prevailing culture in a country in influencing the perception of threats facing the state and then formulating security strategies to confront them.
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IRs: International Relations
RCs: Regional Cooperations
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Although "interdependency" can be set a goal (choice) in the context of a specific strategy, it is also the result of close cooperation in several fields, especially when cooperating actors have different capacities (e.g. one actor poseses only certain resources, and another actor has developed an export/import network without having the required resources).
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IR: International Relations;
RC: Regional Cooperations
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After World War II, most European countries became affiliated with the United States of America, whether in terms of foreign policy or imposing economic sanctions on violating countries, without there being an independent policy.
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Describing Three Seas Initiative in the light of constructivism should base on an examination of regional cooperation in the CE region in the context of two types of knowledge: knowing-that and knowing-how. In addition, it is significant to underline Azizov described the knowing-how and knowing-that approach as two different types of knowledge that are relevant in the context of international cooperation. Knowing-how is practical knowledge, related to skills, experience and intuition, and knowing-that is theoretical knowledge, related to facts, data and information.
International cooperation requires both practical and theoretical knowledge, because the ability to solve practical problems (knowing-how) is as important as understanding concepts and theories (knowing-that). Thus, the constructivist aim will be the examination of the current state of countries' approaches and their perceptions of the future form and meaning of 3SI.
I would like to carry out an evaluation process of the Three Seas Initiative based on a constructivist model. Hence my question - what in your opinion are the features of constructivism that can be used as evaluation criteria for 3SI? Which perspectives can be used to qualify 3SI towards this theory?
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Hi there, I am not sure if I will be able to answer your question fully or not, but I guess looking at the constructivist understanding of the social interaction of states can help. In other words, how the states perceive themselves and others will help indicate if cooperation is possible for the 3SI or not. It can also help in addressing how these countries construct their national interest - in addition to the social interaction - it can provide you with an insight of the collaborative or conflictual interactions in reference to the 3SI.
Hope this is of any help! and best of luck :)
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China's rise to ‘great-power status’ in the 21st century, together with the growing
influence of the EU as a ‘normative power’2 has ushered in a period of significant geopolitical reorientations of the Central Asian states and of major external players. Specifically, over the past decade, the emergence of the Shanghai Co-operation Organization (SCO) appears to have relatively altered the existing ‘balance of power’ in the CA region. By inventing the SCO— an inter-governmental security cooperation organization China has markedly increased its presence throughout the region politically, culturally, economically and militarily.At the beginning of the 21st century, however, the EU’s foreign policy toward the CA states underwent radical changes. On the basis of empirical observation, it can be argued that the events of 9/11 accompanied by the rise in ‘global discourse on terrorism’ made EU policy makers more aware of the rising political profile and strategic importance of the CA countries and encouraged them to carve out a differentiated, meaningful and value-oriented strategy vis-à-vis the region. How do the EU's norms differ from the ones promulgated by the Chinese and Russians within the SCO club?
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Good question asked for almost a decade ago that its answers are visible to all contemporarily
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The Sources of International Relations have always played a funfamental role in the resolution of crisis. The Treaties, seen as the main sources of International Relations since then, had been used to resolve crises through Diplomatic ways.This time, several schemes which have nothing to do with problem solving in International Relations has been used. My question addresses precisely this new paradigm. So, what will be taught in the future and what will be the role of Diplomacy in the international context?
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The Ukraine Crisis is, definitely, going to be a milestone in our understanding of international relations. It is not only challenging the traditional IR knowledge, but also some of the basic ideas like 'sovereignty' in the 21st century context. It has also revealed a downside of the so-called 'complex interdependence' the liberal IR scholars have been talking about. Because of that interdependence, going after any state for its perceived crime has become increasingly difficult, unless that state is internationally insignificant.
I believe this crisis will create new opportunities for knowledge-building in IR. International Relations may become, finally, truly 'international' going beyond the narrow state-centric paradigms. In fact, what we have largely been studying so far in the name of International Relations is actually 'inter-state relations'. Most importantly, the idea of 'nation' must be reclaimed and rescued from the clutch of the states.
Thank you for asking such an interesting question!
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Hello Everyone,
I am a doctoral fellow, conducting research with a special focus on International Relations. I want to know that can I use the email survey method to collect data for my work. Is it considered a valid technique to collect the primary data?
Thanks in Advance for ur precious suggestions and answers.
Wanie Mehraj
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A good source on this topic is Dillman et al., Internet, Phone, Mail, and Mixed-Mode Surveys: The Tailored Design Method.
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Greetings,
Given the enormous diversity and versality of areas that International Relations can encompass, ranging from International Law to Political Economy, what is the current state of traditional theory in the field?
In other words, are departments and scholars worldwide still inclined upon broad theoretical questions related to basic schools such as neorealism, neoclassical realism, and power transition theory? Or has the field moved on to more narrowed down models and the status for those who are still oriented towards big theoretical question is not favorable?
If there is any literature or article available with quantitative data regarding the latest growing trends of research typology in International Relations, it would be a welcomed read.
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Realism or political realism has been the dominant theory of international relations since the conception of the discipline. The theory claims to rely upon an ancient tradition of thought which includes writers such as Thucydides, Machiavelli, and Hobbes. Although they have come under great challenge from other theories, they remain central to the discipline. At its height, liberalism in IR was referred to as a 'utopian' theory and is still recognised as such to some degree today. However, there is a need to identify and measure the change in international relations and institutions. There are numerous examples of recent institutional change, transformation, and obsolescence.
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Non-native English teachers are often regarded as not as competent as native teachers especially when considering their accent, pronunciation and English language abilities : what do you think about this issue ?
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BAAL (the British Association of Applied Linguists) has, rightly, barred the use of the phrase "native speaker" in any job advertising it accepts.
It does, after all, make little sense: one only has to look at Language Depts of UK universities to see staff with non-English language background making valuable contributions - better, in fact, than many natives who seem to be not that bothered to investigate the machinery of their native language enough to fill this post? There is also a word-wide trend away from 'Core-speaker English' to 'Global English'. The one exception might be use of native speakers when it comes to issues of pronunciation. Still-
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I am looking for a co-author and I wondering if you may be interested. The article was accepted in September 2021 for publication after peer review, but I don't have too much time to complete the process. Title of the Manuscript: Russia, Armed Groups and the Central African conflict African Journal of Political Science and International Relations Manuscript Number AJPSIR/10.09.21/1368 Current Status: First Revision Reminder
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I saw your question, if not too late, I would gladly participate. In addition, I could contribute to the content of the article.
Regards, Sergey
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What are your suggestions, guidelines and points which be cared to write a research paper or article?
What is impact factor?
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write nice story and submit to the nice journal with high impact factor
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What is required for a social scientist to be considered a political scientist?
BSc/BA in Political Science w/ PhD in Political Science? Or only the PhD in Political Science is enough?
Can PhDs in International Relations be considered political scientists?
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Very interesting question. IR is different of Political Science. The object of IR is international relations. IR studies practice of international relations. the main object of IR is the "power" in french "puissance" what power? Power of States, the father of power in IR is Hans Morghentau. Also, IR is the unique science created for talking about international issues after lacking of several disciplines to explain exactly the causal of War ( World War I and II). But PS is domestic Science that talks about power betwen several actors in a State. the french name is "pouvoir". all of them are complementary. You can know well IR if you don't know well PS of each State that you want talk.
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i want to know the what are the methods can i use for my data collection? who are the experts in that field? is that related to International Relations.
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This is a question you need to discuss in detail with your supervisor!
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Analysing the repertoire of power impact of primarily economic and political instruments preferred by postcolonial leading actors, a banal idea comes that the economic dominance of individual countries and macro-regions becomes crucial because of creating the prerequisites for redistributive gains or competitive advantages. These advantages can be called "leadership rent". This concept borrowed from the political economy literature demonstrates that the group of developed countries predetermines the nature and pace of development of the world economy and acts as a natural "centre of gravitation" to emerging economies.
These centres of gravitation often use personalised relations between the dominant and the dependent; and, it is usually attributed to cultural grounds. I'm trying to use patron-client relations as an explanatory model. My argument comes from the observation that since patronage supposes to be imprinted in polity behaviour and affects the way how these polities represent their interests, this instrument is utilised by leaders-patrons linked to their clients by the strong historical and cultural ties resilient to radical political transformations.
So the question is could we stretch the concept of patronage from electoral behavior to a strategy for acquiring, maintaining, and exacerbating political power from patrons? Are there any important research that I possibly miss?
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A very interesting approach
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Apologies if this sounds like a dumb question.
However
Is it acceptable that the south Korean intervention model penetrated into other spheres not relating to economics like their creative-cultural industries??
I see it as penetrating through their Strategic Narratives and Creative Cultural Industries
Thank you,
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Dear Kimchi Soft,
Your question is justified if one takes into consideration the rich literature on this topic, including:
Spence KM. (2020) Creative Seoul: A Lesson for Asian Creative Cities. In: Gu X., Lim M.K., O'Connor J. (eds) Re-Imagining Creative Cities in Twenty-First Century Asia. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46291-8_14.
Seung-Ho Kwon & Joseph Kim (2014) The cultural industry policies of the Korean government and the Korean Wave, International Journal of Cultural Policy, 20:4, 422-439, DOI: 10.1080/10286632.2013.829052.
Seung-Ho Kwon & Joseph Kim (2014) underline that "In the early 1990s, there was a radical departure in the government’s cultural industry policy, from that of political control over the cultural industries to viewing them as central to the government’s export-focused economic development strategies. The policy of developing the cultural industries was implemented in conjunction with government investment in other strategic industries, such as the information and communication technology industries. In the 2000s, the domestic market for cultural products expanded and diversified rapidly as the Korean society enjoyed improved living standards and a growing middle class demanded improved quality from Korea’s cultural products. The rapid development of other industries also facilitated the enhanced competitiveness of Korean cultural products in global markets. As a result, Korea’s cultural industries made substantial inroads into East-Asian markets in the late 1990s and into global markets in the 2000s."
The former South Korean politician Park Geun-hye definied the creative economy in 2012-2013 and proposed various policies related to it.
At present, the Hallyu 2.0 era is considered a success by some opinion leaders. South Korea is better understood abroad and on this basis it can build its soft power easily. This can generate also wealth, new jobs and stimulate trade and investment flows.
Definitely there are also costs (Huh, D., & Lee, B.-M. Korea’s cultural industry clusters 20 years on: evolving policy and practice. Area Development and Policy, 5(4), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/23792949.2019.1680299), but the final question remains:
are the benefits larger than these costs?
All the best,
Monica
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I want to focus upon the external dimension of European Green Deal. Since I am a student of International Economics, I would prefer working within the field of International Relations/ International Political Economy.
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Energy security of European countries and the influence of geopolitical economic factors on energy dependence.
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I have a research paper coming up where I have to present a puzzle, review the relevant scholarly literature and argue for my own preferred explanation on any international security threat. I have to have a broadly defined hypothesis and my argument/ theory along with findings confirming the hypothesis. Any ideas?
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The most current is something related to this and future pandemics within the international security.
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There is consensus on the principle that cybersecurity can better be achieved through transnational cooperation rather every country or block on its own. Yet, the work undertaken under the auspices of the United Nations, namely under the General Assembly, is progressing at a very slow pace. I recently published a research article on that ongoing work at the UN in the field of cybersecurity, available at : . It confirms that progress is slow, so this raises a few questions. What is needed to improve multilateral cooperation on cybersecurity? Are there some specific topics of cybersecurity that should be prioritized in the multilateral arenas? What format (binding, non-binding, information sharing, confidence-building) should the expected deliverables have?
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thanks for your valuable question
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What is the potential of blockchain technologies (DLT) in the field of e-government, and in particular for procedures for recognition of credentials? If so, what are the specific hurdles in implementing a DLT-based solution in the context of e-administration at transnational level? I recently published a research article on blockchain, e-government and recognition which you can access and download at: (published by Elsevier, in Research in Globalization).
The fact is that beyond bitcoins and some Fintech applications, DLT / BC has led to encouraging use cases in some transnational administrative procedures, e.g. recognition of qualified exporters in the context of customs procedures, or in the field of government procurement bids. But for now that's about it. Are there other example of transnational administrative procedures where BC use cases could be developed? In my article I examine what are the opportunities and challenges of using the DLT /BC in the context of official recognition of foreign diplomas (diplomas earned abroad) by governments. Now I wish to ask the views on that from the RG community of researchers.
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Many thanks
Jaroslav Dvorak
, I also came to the conclusion that there is a reluctance by states to adopt new technologies in their procedures for official recognition of foreign qualifications. But isn't that odd at a time where all governments are talking about digitization of their services to citizens and e-administration? I think it is worth deepening where the obstacles are: on the administration side or on the technology developer side?
Best regards
Christian
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Hello Seniors!
Please guide me what are the names of the biggest databases of books, journals, conferences, etc for Social Sciences?
There are dozens of databases which are made for a specific field of science. Is there any specific database for Social Sciences like Political Science, International Relations, Sociology?
Thanks in advance.
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Dear Colleague,
are you interested in "the biggest" or the most relevant? You complain about "specific field of science" but ask for exactly such?
Yes, there are very general databases as well as a great number of more specific. International and national.
To guide you towards the most relevant one needs to know more about your interests.
I would rather suggest the following - if you are associated to any university (as a student, teacher, researcher) you should contact university library. Staff there conduct no research by their own, but usually is very competent in guiding students and scholars. You will learn there which databases are available for you (which are subscribed).
In short - a visit to your university library is a very good beginning.
Wish you luck
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i am planning to do PhD in International Relations. some of the areas of research are: Middle East, India - Pakistan, Afghanistan-Pakistan?
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العلاقات الامريكيه التركيه مابعد احداث ١١ ايلول واثرها على التوزانات في الشرق الاوسط
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Sociological and psychological factors are ignored when examining events and situations in International Relations. Do you think that sociological and psychological factors should be taken into consideration when examining the events and situations of international relations? If so, at what level should be considered; Heads of state, at the individual level, at the social level? at the state level? or comparative between states? Your answers will be invaluable. Thank you.
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I work in the area of International Relations and understand that they can only be studied from an interdisciplinary approach. Sociology is very necessary since Foreign Policy has a deep relationship with the socio-economic-cultural realities of countries and, therefore, with Internal Policy. As for psychology, I have less knowledge, but I understand that there are important dialogues to be made, not only in decision-making but also in the identity factors involved.
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I am conducting a study of South Africa-Nigeria relations from an Afrocentric perspective.
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Which theories of IR can I apply on inter-war period? Please guide
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Liberalism.
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I am writing a brief section on the American Anti-Imperialist League of the late 1800s, early 1900s. I find that most of the people in it and statements made by it oppose U.S. imperialism, in large part, for racist reasons. They don't want all those "non-white" people to be part of the United States and they think it would distort the Constitution to have people be part of the United States who are not citizens. I know a few people, like Mark Twain, held different views. But does anyone know more about non-racist reasons why people were anti-imperialists at that time? Or where I could find more about what they thought and why?  Thank you.
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Thank you Randolph. Yes, you are so right! And so many of the anti-imperialists just didn't want any non-white people in the United States and, as you point out, the many white people who were in this country were
practicing genocide against those who were here.
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Many efforts are spent to prevent, treat and stop COVID-19 spread.
but I think these efforts are fragmentary and not organized.
there is no platform for a scientific collaboration that could shorten the time of interesting findings, some nations hide some facts are a privilege of authorship or for other political reasons.
I think that all countries should a global platform for scientific collaboration.
Personally I have some ideas that could be proposed for the treatment of COVID-19 based on scientific facts but with the innovative mode of application, how and where can I try to apply them?
All nations should avoid wasting their time to find a solution for COVID-19 without international collaboration.
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I need literature (monographs, articles, strategic documents, etc), rather basic, to receive understanding about geopolitical developments in Africa.
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Zaoui Rabah Thanks al lot!
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There have always been more poor people than rich people in any given place at any given time, though rich people would seem to fence themselves off from harm more, eat better, allocate themselves better health care, insure themselves expensively from risk, invoice their burdens on the poor, and live longer. In thousands of years, the population of the long-living rich has never come close to outstripping that of their shorter-life-spanned poor compatriots. Why is this the case?
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Hi Nyasha, the mortality rate of poor people is relatively high indeed, but so is their fertility rate, which offsets earlier demises. This contributes to a quite stable proportion between the rich and the poor.
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Why do the concepts, theories and paradigms we use to talk about international relations always come from philosophy, political science and public administration, or are these concepts based on these sciences? Will this not permanently overshadow the character of international relations as an independent discipline
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International relations cannot be understood outside the framework of political science. To demarcate the actions of the State, whether they are in the international, regional or bilateral field, of its internal power and actions, is to make a partial cut of reality.
While it is true that IR accumulates a developed and very sophisticated theoretical background, its methodology is not specific. Finally, it did not change its study or the contributions it could make at all, if one considers that IR is a subdiscipline of political science.
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We see that the establishment of international relations as a discipline and theoretical autonomy is possible by going beyond the main themes of peace and war. Can we say that the continuation of international relations as a discipline in the future will depend on the ability to go beyond the main themes and emphasize the elements such as environment, justice and health?
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The reality of globalisation, regional integration, bi-lateral cooperation and multi-national system like the United Nations and it's agencies are germane to the study of international relations and it's conceptual framework for analytical understanding and operations. As nations manage their internal affairs to advance their national interests, the study of international relations is the channel to understand the external dynamics and it's complexities to engage other nations with a view to advance their strategic national interests.
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The history of the discipline of International Relations began thousands of years, perhaps hundreds of thousands of years ago, but its main development was in the last century. It would not be wrong to start the history of international relations in the academic community from the end of the First World War. Is it possible to evaluate this discipline, which was established with the stands in the USA and the UK, as impartial and unbiased? Is England the definition of "the country that does not set sun on it", does the main definition go unnoticed? So why is it not seen as "exploiting every place on earth where the sun rises"? Why is Germany's challenge to this colonial state viewed by Britain? So why did the British perceive a very good administration and the perception that the bad Germans came and broke the order? Why is it called ideal idealism an after the First World War, where injustice was signed and the invitations to the Second World War? Whose idealism? against whom? for what? Then why did Germany, who could not cope with the harsh conditions, change the situation and was discredited by the real war-lovers? The so-called peace-loving Britain and the US did not really do anything to prevent the Second World War from being invoked by the heavy-duty treaties that followed the First World War? Why was international relations called "realist" after the Second World War? What was your idealism so that something could be understood from your subsequent realism. Why look at the world through the glasses of the United States or England? Why should we assimilate and accept the political history written and imposed on us by the rogue state that clearly exploited the previous world and the rogue state who later committed the greatest crime of humanity in Japan?
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From the perspective of a state, neutrality may be considered an instrument of foreign policy through which the State pursues its national interests. Traditionally, neutrality has fulfilled various political functions. Among those so-called “realistic functions,” the most important objective is to ensure political independence while remaining on the sidelines of armed conflicts.
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In the discipline of International Relations, there are events where all evaluations will be turned upside down. What do you think about writing history before these events are illuminated? Is this information intentionally left in the dark? Should a separate science and discipline be established to clarify critical information in history? Examples of the events I mentioned; Did the US know in advance that there would be an attack on Pearl Harbor? Why were atomic bombs used when there was no threat to their use? Why aren't those involved with charges against humanity? Why is this described in history books as an end to an ordinary war? Who killed US President John F. Kennedy and why? What is the status of being the employees of the state where the 9/11 attacks were planned in advance and where the perpetrators were actually made? Is the world really ruled by what we are taught?
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There are many theoretical approaches through which uncertainty can be understood and dealt with, such as the theory of complex dynamic systems, the concept of black swan, the theory of matches, and the theory of probabilities.
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The security environment in the region is uncertain and evolving. Though the bilateral and trilateral defense interactions are increasing, might this lead to the emergence of a new regional security alignment of regional powers? Is a regional security commitment important or is it dangerous?
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تتغير ديناميات الأمن في منطقة المحيط الهندي الهندي بسرعة. ولا تُعد المنطقة موطنًا للاقتصادات الأسرع نموًا في العالم فحسب، بل أيضًا الأسرع نمواً في الإنفاق العسكري والقدرات البحرية، وهي أشد منافس على الموارد الطبيعية وأخطر البقع الإستراتيجية الساخنة. يمكنك حتى القول إنها مفتاح الأمن العالمي.  
يؤكد الاستخدام المتزايد لمصطلح "المحيط الهندي-الهادئ" - والذي يشير بدوره إلى جميع البلدان المتاخمة للمحيط الهندي والمحيط الهادئ - بدلاً من "منطقة آسيا والمحيط الهادئ"، يؤكد على الطبيعة البحرية للتوترات الحالية. لقد أصبحت محيطات آسيا على نحو متزايد ساحة للتنافس على الموارد والنفوذ. والآن، من المرجع أن الأزمات الإقليمية المستقبلية ستبدأ و / أو تستقر في البحر.
ولعل السبب الرئيس لهذا التحول هو الصين
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Help needed.
I am currently looking to come up with a research questions for my bachelor thesis. I study International Relations but I wanted to narrow down my profile towards economic because of my plans for my postgraduate education.
We agreed with my supervisor in this topic : "Forms of Capitalism and EU governance"
I am reading an enormous amount of papers and academic works for days now but I cannot come up with a research questions that successfully creates a bridge between forms of capitalism and EU.
Any ideas on the questions would be welcome. Any suggestion of papers I can read would be welcome.
Thank you
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Rej Kasi feel free to check my bachlor thesis on RG. I made a relatively comprehensive analysis of the economic conceptions rooted in the process of codifying European treaties. Even if the work is in French and applies mainly to Western and Southern Europe, the fundamentals are present. For information purposes, the work corresponds quite amply to the traditional requirements of a Bachelor thesis so it can serve as a structuring framework. To go even further in different forms of capitalism and work in European political economy, I recommend the work of Bruno Amable (2017) and Stafano Palombarini.
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Dear International relations experts/Sociologists
Weak is weak, always deserves to be supported not dictated: From individual level to country level.
Thanks for comments.
Regards
Ijaz
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Dear all,
in World trade it is often like that: the more powerful a party or union is the better the deal it gets. The smaller or weaker stakeholders are getting worse deals...
The least developed countries will get good deals but sometimes it must be questioned weather they really can cope with that or do they only get some money or market access only to deliver their goods or raw materials to the large markets and are requested to by expensive goods from the rich nations...
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the role of diplomacy in international relations
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Diplomacy is an area of specialty in International Relations that focuses on the study of tactical inter-governmental relationships aimed to advance national interests without being confrontational between/among nations. Those who are graduates of the discipline and carry out its functions on behalf of their country are called diplomats.
1. Diplomacy is the vessel for peaceful cooperation, dialogue, negotiation, cohesion and harmony between/among nations.
2. Diplomacy is the governmental channels for economic/trade, social, cultural, political and technological knowledge anchored on mutual relationships between/among nations.
3. Diplomacy is a veritable means for conflict resolution, peace-building in crisis situations between/among nations.
4. Diplomacy facilitates information, communication and knowledge exchange/sharing between/among nations.
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Will the opening up of new embassy / high comission and consulate office by a country significantly increase its export?
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It might help a little . But it does not directly affect the balance of exports.
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Is anyone of you aware of a systematic (or at least very broad/comprehensive) review of the literature on securitisation theory? I was just discussing this with a colleague, but besides some "state of the art" pieces by Waever, Balzacq, Stritzel etc. and the "Agents without agency" paper by Comte (which is rather systematic, but largely focused on the aspect of agency), we could find little that systematically maps out which elements of securitisation have been used how and where for which purposes.
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The special issue in Security Dialogue 2011 is very useful. I wrote a piece on the 'dual history of securitization' which does give a background (e.g. by starting from de-securitization) and historicises/contextualises its origins and findings. Available here on Research Gate both in Portuguese and as a Working Paper in English.
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What are the potential options available with regards to the Irish border, and how safe is the Good Friday Agreement in it's current form throughout the Brexit process?
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Thank you Carsten & Margaret for your answers - I think we are beginning to approach crunch time and this is where we will start to see serious proposals gain increased attention - indeed it appears brexiteers are open to less rigid approaches to the process, but I don't think my fears are assuaged just yet and hope a solution is found soon.
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De acuerdo a los rankin de las universidades se identifican items como calidad de los aprendizajes, eficiencia terminal de estudiantes en una carrera y estudiantes aprobadas, todos estos indicadores tienen relacion con la evalulaicon de los aprendizajes el enfoque de como evaluar y la formacio y capacitacion de docentes sobre las nuevas tendencias de evaluacion, de ahi, que preguntamos si las universidades seguimos  cambiando el curriculo de las carreras y cambiamos las tenicas para evaluar?
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É algo complicado. Mas é preciso confiar mais os professores no que se refere a avaliação, mas também é possível ajudar mais de perto o professor neste process. Chegar após tudo prontinho e pontuar negativamente não dá pé, né?
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Dear all,
I am writing my PhD thesis and I need some good references to pragmatism and methodology in social science with special emphasis on abduction.
For instance, I am now reading:
"On Acting and Knowing: How Pragmatism Can Advance International Relations Research and Methodology", Jörg Friedrichs and Friedrich Kratochwil
Thank you all for your suggestions
Best
Bianca
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Thanks @Natalie Martschuk
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In 2006, Robert Ross argued that when a rising power can impact the security of a smaller state, the lesser states will accommodate rather than balance the new dominant power. His research was on the impact of the rise of China on secondary states in East Asia. I am looking for examples and literature on this phenomenon in South or Southeast Asia.
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Please refer to the works by Associate Professor Dr. Cheng-Chwee KUIK (RG: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Cheng_Chwee_Kuik), who is the foremost scholar on responses by the smaller states in Southeast Asia towards big powers (especially on China).
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For an upcoming roundtable at ISA Baltimore, I’d be happy to hear any predictions and ideas you might have about the future relationship between Canada and the United States under a Trump Administration.
Relatedly, how does this affect the relationship between Europe and Canada - will it lead to more or less cooperation in economic, security and other policy areas?
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The relationships with both Canada and Mexico will remain solid because the three nations need each other. As for internationally, he may well surprise the world. He can be compared to Theodore Roosevelt who believed the US had a great future and believed in a strong nation that considered its self interests. Time will tell.
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Talk is cheap, as the saying goes. In the case of Trump, talk - no matter how nonsensical or false it may be - is everything. So if we assume that Trump wins the presidential race, what kind of foreign policy will we see in his vision of making America great again (besides his much-touted walling-off of the US' borders to Muslims and Central Americans)? Unbiased input is greatly appreciated.
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He may well surprise the world. He can be compared to Theodore Roosevelt who believed the US had a great future and believed in a strong nation that considered its self interests. Time will tell, but it is much better than what we have experienced for the last couple of decades.
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The world is discussing and waiting for a response to the chemical attacks in Syria. I would like to know your opinion about it.
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I just found this question today on Research Gate and find it very interesting, especially in relationship to the attacks that were reported today by the President. I believe the conflict in the Middle East, in its current phase, is far from over. It will be interesting if the United States and Russia continue the dangerous maneuvering that are currently occurring in the region, bringing our two nations closer to an engagement militarily, either intentional or unintentional.
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International law presumes the equality and sovereignty of all states, irrespective of land size, population, military might, economic strength, etc. Given this presumption, and coupled with the seemingly non-existence of an international police mandated to police the actions of states, is it possible to have effective compliance with international law?
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International Law is far too reliant on sanctions and punitive coercion to be effective. That panders to nationalism and undermines the very reason for aspiring to an international order.
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Except Pin No. 8 and 10 in raspberry pi, can I use other GPIO pins for serial transmission of a sequence containing string and integers together (like the use of softwareserial in arduino)? Please help me about the ways/approaches to do that.
With regards,
Bhaskar Ghosh
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Thank you for your valuable suggestion Mr. Hrisko.
Actually for my case I am not using any arduino. I want to know if serial data read write between pi and other device (say another PC). But I need it without using dedicated serial pins/ports of rpi. I want softwareserial alternative for rpi.
Btw, the provide link is helpful for me but for other purpose.
Thanks.
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I m looking for an interesting dissertation thesis subject on the middle east studies or African Studies... I m interested in terrorism, the public diplomacy, peace conflict and the religion/sects (wahhabism etc.)...Actually I found some subjects but I think that the subjects which I found are too detailed or too specific to work on...
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1. You may undertake case study of recent "opening up" of KSA. Compare/Contrast it with one or two similar cases.
2. Is US influence waning in Middle East?
3. Geo-strategic effects of growing polarization amongst Arab States.
4. Similarities and differences in Chinese approach to Africa and Middle East.
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The right of self-determination of peoples is provided for in the Charter of the United Nations. Why can it be used for cases like East Timor (Indonesia), but can not be used for Catalonia (Spain)?
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@Rex, I would like to see the facts behind your answer. Furthermore, Serbia was occupied by Ottoman Empire for 500 years, while , not Kosovo, but Kosovo and Metohija, where within Serbia, under Ottoman Empire.
Why do Albanians do not like to use the full name? Maybe the following sentence bring the answer:
"The name Metohija derives from the Greek word μετόχια (metókhia, metochion), meaning "monastic estates" – a reference to the large number of villages and estates in the region that were owned by the Serbian Orthodox monasteries and Mount Athos during the Middle Ages..."
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In recent years we have been observing various pro-independence movements around the world such as Catalonia, Scotland, Bougainville, New Caledonia, French Polynesia, Greenland, Papua, California, Guam, Faroe Islands, Azores, Kurdistan, Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau and Rapa Nui. Are we experiencing a new wave of nationalism and independence, like that of the 1960s and 1990s?
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This is probably too narrow for your interests
you might google work by Tom nairn very good
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The concept of overseas presence is usually related to geopolitics. The political purpose of a national presence somewhere may seem self-evident (a deterrence, a way of expressing an interest, signalling commitment, ensuring inclusion in political processes, etc.). However, so far I have failed to find publications that discuss the concept of (also civilian) presence in greater depth -- beyond the meaning of effective control by a sovereign over a territory, self-determination, etc. 
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You can follow the work of PRTs in Afghanistan. I got this lead while supervising one of my students.
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Dear Anurag Gangal,
It is a pity I have seen your question just now. In the "Handbook of India's International Relations" edited by David Scott (Routledge 2011) it is underscored that in 2002 the Bharatiya Janata Party took into consideration a foreign policy based on three concentric circles - immediate region, extended neighborhood and global issues - (p. xix). Under the Modi administration, India is targeting more and more the third circle, as the concept of India as a global power is not any more an illusion.
Best wishes,
Monica
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New developmentalism is a theoretical framework of development economics that is developed mainly by Luis Carlos Bresser-Pereira and aims to present an alternative to the neoclassical development economics. For the most recent overview, see his paper which appeared in Review of Keynesian Economics, 2016:
Reflecting on the new developmentalism and classical developmentalism
It has a good theory of macroeconomics and a set of policies, but its microeconomics is still in the state of a draft. In particular, I believe it lacks a theory of international values. How do you think of the state of the art?
This is a question in relation to Breser-Pereira’s project:
The political economy of new developmentalism.
I posed a long question on it but it seems my question was refuted because it was too long (see the question "How do you think of microeconomic foundations of the new developmentalism?") I will post it as one of my answer to the question.
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Dear Kurt Dopfer,
thank you for the information. I have asked Harry Bloch to share his paper with me.
Yoshinori Shiozawa
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Taufiq Rafat was the Pakistani poet, who lived in USA lately. He was a wonderful poet. I want to know, if some M Phil or PHD thesis is done on Mr. Rafat?
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There are several entries in the internet on him, which I presume you can access. I also checked Google Scholar (an excellent site!) and found several entries, which I list below. But I am not certain whether they are the end results of MA & PhD work. I suspect that if you contact the authors they might give you further leads. Most of them are Pakistanis.
file:///C:/Users/MeOw/Downloads/2378-5086-1-SM.pdf
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Some authors refer to it as costumary internacional law, other as general international law. My research is focused mostly in the 2001 Articles on the Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts. 
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I recommend that you read the UN General Assembly Sixth Committee debates about the status of the articles.  States (as well as scholars) take different views as to whether the content of any of the articles reflects customary international law.  The status of particular articles has also been discussed in some national and international court judgments. http://www.un.org/en/ga/sixth/71/resp_of_states.shtml.  
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I'm currently researching the phenomenon of  revolution for my honours thesis but am having trouble finding contemporary debate within the International Relations field on the topic, can anyone help direct me to where I should look? 
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As it happens, a debate between some leading scholars on the study of revolution within sociology has broken out on amsoc, the list serve set up by Charles Tilly and carried on by others. I will try to attach a Word file on the debate up to an hour or so ago and a link, although I'm not very good at this.
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Please if you do not have a theoretical framework put your answers in bullets.
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The crisis of rising expectations and the failure of the new, young leadership to bring any changes sparked events, but despite the fact that each country suffered from the same problems, their situations brought different results.  Gamal Mubarak was promising, but then disappointed.  Saif Ghaddafi, Bashir Assad and King Abdullah II are also in those molds.  However, the make up of society in Egypt is not that in Tunisia, or Libya, or Syria or Jordan.
Hence, while we can easily categorize and generalize about the causes (Iran included), the results cannot be so easily put into a theoretical model.
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I am looking for info on turkish labor camps for jews and other minorities during world war two.
Is there any evidence for construction of extermination facilities (that weren't used) i.e gas chambers and/or crematoria by Turkey during 1941-1943 for the possibility of german victory against the USSR?
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I don't know too much detaled info about your interesting but I found this short note from Jewish Telegraphic Agency (JTA), dated on December 9, 1943 and given in Cairo.
I hope it could be a little added value to your research.
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The United Arab Emirates is planning to tow icebergs from Antarctica to its coast to solve its issues with drinking water. How it can adversely impact on Environmental and Ecological balance.
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A United Arab Emirates Company Wants to tow Icebergs From Antarctica to Combat Drought. This concept is not new as in the mid-1800s, small icebergs were towed from Antarctica to Chile for use in breweries, and another entrepreneur suggested towing icebergs to India. By the mid-1900s, oceanographer John Isaacs proposed iceberg towing as a less energy-intensive alternative to desalination.  However, it has many challenges like, wind one challenge is determining the best route to take. Currents the wind can change direction, making it difficult to move an unwieldy and massive chunk of ice. If a ship guides an iceberg relatively quickly–half a meter per second–it would take a month to cover 1,000 kilometers (currents and storms could slow it down). The trip from Antartica to the coast of Fujairah, over 10,000 kilometers, could take a year or more. Along the way, the iceberg risks melting or breaking, while the ships that tow it operate at huge expense.
Impact
Anytime we do anything, it has environmental consequences. The ship or vessels can  cause environmental harm in various way . Emission of substances to the local air and ocean, possible incidents including sinkings and groundings, ship operations unsuitable for polar conditions and the inappropriate behavior of crew ashore are the most prominent impacts. Shipping brings impacts like noise, collisions, and potential risks from oil spills; these impacts are experienced most directly by the whales that share these Arctic waters – including narwhals, beluga and bowhead whales.
Towing ice berg will cause change in water temperature and we all are aware of fact that Changes in temperature affect aquatic life. Temperature determines which organisms will thrive and which will diminish in numbers and size. For each organism there is a thermal death point. Also there is a range of temperature of that produces optimal abundance. The effects of temperature upon life of a cold blooded or poikilotherm are profound. So towing of iceberg will seriously impact the surrounded water species as the towing speed will be slow due to its size. Similarly if they are going to use plastic to wrap it , then it will add the problem of Marine litter.
No doubt, towing the ice bergs will attract more ships thus the Arctic will see more ship traffic; that much is certain. The question is what measures, precautions, regulations, and best practices will be in place to address environment and safety concerns, so as to maximize the benefits of development for northern peoples who rely on healthy Arctic ecosystems. I think in this time when climate change is significantly impacted the arctic, we humans should not go for this idea. Indeed, the world is going to need a lot of freshwater in the coming years to quench the thirst of our growing population; it’s high time that we figured out more creative and effective ways to face this imminent challenge. This idea is insane and in my opinion not environmental friendly. The Arctic is Global Common, and  before going further on this towing idea, we should have a strict EIA first. 
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Hi everybody,
Can somebody please indicate me, perhaps in a dummy way, where to get historical climate data for Brazil, Colombia and (especially) Guyana, Trinidad & Tobago and Antilles?
I’ve already explored the “traditional” sources, but I suspect there may be additional (local?) ones.
I’ve emailed some institutions of the last three countries but got no answer. I’m looking for the period 1950-2000.
Thanking you in advance, sincerely.
Paolo
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Thanks a lot!...
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Dear RG member! Maybe not exactly a scientific question. But. Couldn't resist to ask after seeing this photo from 1967 of the USSR - the Moscow festival. (Seit 1967 in Moskau das Internationale Modefestival stattfand, gibt es in den Minirock auch in der UdSSR)
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Beauty will save the world?
Not sure beauty in the look but perhaps beauty in the heart can save the world.