International Organizations - Science topic

The sustained growth of the market for ophthalmic medical devices has increased the demand for alternatives to animal testing for the evaluation of eye irritation. The International Organization for Standardization has acknowledged the need to develop novel in vitro tests to replace animal testing. Here, we evaluated the applicability of an alterna...

Diante da aprovação das novas diretrizes que passam a orientar a formação de professores da Educação Básica no Brasil nos próximos anos, esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar os contextos de influência e de produção do texto político das recentes diretrizes do Estado brasileiro, voltadas à formação inicial e continuada dos professores da Educação...

El desarrollo de la ocupación en nuestro país en los últimos años, ha sido promovido por una orientación importante en el constante avance tecnológico. El crecimiento en las instituciones de enseñanza superior debe considerar las innovaciones del mercado laboral. Los universitarios graduados se enfrentan a un fenómeno que ya comenzó y se intensific...

Human trafficking is the third most lucrative form of trafficking in the world (following drugs and counterfeit goods). Multiple outbreaks of unrest between October 2016 and August 2017 in the Rakhine State of Myanmar triggered ~745,000 influxes of Rohingyas crossing into Bangladesh through the border boundaries at Teknaf and Ukhiya sub-districts o...

The objective was to evaluate the residual action of the insecticides acetamiprid + etofenprox, spinetoram, indoxacarb and methoxyfenozide on the predator Chrysoperla externa Hagen, 1861 (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). The bioassays followed the methodologies proposed by the International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control (IOBC). The in...

A situação, no Brasil e no mundo, da segurança e insegurança alimentar, aqui compreendida como uma dimensão que permite o acesso à nutrição adequada e outra que corresponde à fome, estão presentes nas discussões de políticas públicas após as guerras mundiais do século XX. Os esforços para a inserção dos países nas metas da Agenda 2030 da Organizaçã...

Review of bibliography on international relations and the influence of pressure groups on them. The relevance of lobbying and its interaction is analyzed. Study of the interdependence of lobbying in international relations through the review of existing concepts, combining bibliography on this interdependence in a single text with all the actors, a...

When are international organizations (IOs) responsive to the policy problems that motivated their establishment? While it is a conventional assumption that IOs exist to address transnational challenges, the question of whether and when IO policy-making is responsive to shifts in underlying problems has not been systematically explored. This study i...

Emergency use license no.6 Mega thermal Bioreactor utility plan design by British Business Companies franchise by China, North Korea, Europe, Asia pacific region, North America, Middle east, Latin America, Africa and International Organization based on mode of Visuals, Values, Vast, Vision, Videos daily utilities plan with prediction of instant rel...

The membership structure matters to ensure a durable negotiating forum in an international organization. However, in July 2017, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, on behalf of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), requested Indonesia to reactivate its membership, which the country had suspended—for the second time—in...

Background: To discover new knowledge from data, they must be correct and in a consistent format. OntoCR, a clinical repository developed at Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, uses ontologies to represent clinical knowledge and map locally defined variables to health information standards and common data models. Objective: The aim of the study is to...

Background Moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (UC) exerts a significant burden on patients’ lives. Patients with UC report that bowel urgency has a substantial negative impact on their quality of life and psychosocial functioning, however, this symptom is missing from most disease activity indices. Purpose The Communicating Needs and Features o...

Background Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. The etiology of CD may arise from complex interactions including host genetics, diet, and the intestinal microbiome. Increased consumption of saturated fats, characteristic of the Western diet, is a known risk factor for CD. Dietary fat (DF) i...

Background The Communicating Needs and Features of IBD Experiences (CONFIDE) study aims to increase understanding of the impact of symptoms on patients with moderate to severe UC and Crohn’s disease and to investigate gaps in communication with healthcare professionals (HCPs) in the United States (US), Europe (EUR), and Japan. Purpose This report...

Automated agricultural machinery has advanced significantly in the previous ten years; however, the ability of such robots to operate safely will be critical to their commercialization. This study provides a holistic evaluation of the work carried out so far in the field of automated agricultural machines’ safety, as well as a framework for future...

This paper presents new results of microplasma spraying (MPS) of laboratory-synthesized hydroxyapatite (HA) powder coatings onto trabecular substrates obtained by selective laser melting (SLM) of a certified titanium medical alloy powder. The aim of the study was to establish the possibility of combining the technologies of MPS and additive manufac...

Background: Remarkable progress in cancer genomic medicine (CGM) has been made with the advent of next-generation sequencing and advanced computational data analysis approaches. In Japan gene panel testing has been covered by the National Health Insurance System since June 2019. Although Nagoya Memorial Hospital has been designated as a regional me...

In International Organizations (IOs), noble ideals often clash with harsh realities on the ground. It should therefore come as no surprise if IO employees become cynical over time. However, while there is a large body of work on “organizational cynicism” in sociology and management studies, a systematic examination of cynicism is lacking in IO rese...

Using the largely untapped episode of the reconstruction of the World Bank’s Economics Department in the mid-1960s, this article aims to augment our theoretical and empirical understanding of intra-organizational change in international organizations (IOs). By analyzing the instruments and mechanisms of dynamic staff agency, it highlights the capac...

This article – based on the case studies of the WHO and the FAO – shows that the expansion of cooperation between international organizations (IOs) and non-state actors (NSAs) leads to a significant rearrangement of IOs organizational boundaries. IOs develop bureaucratic procedures (e. g. due diligence, risk management) that lead IO employees to be...

La guerre en Ukraine est aujourd'hui l'une des préoccupations majeures de tous les pays puisqu'elle serait en train de provoquer une crise alimentaire quasi mondiale. Zelenski, Poutine ont tous deux, dans des discours télévisés, donné les raisons de cette guerre que les organisations internationales notamment l'UE, l'ONU et l'UA condamnent fermemen...

Bureaucratic competency arises from an approach combining a concept from organizational sociology (functional competency by Crozier) and a research in political science on individual competency in international organization (IO). The article shows that IO agents must master areas of uncertainty inherent in the career in IOs. To deal with this, they...

Background: Pharmaceutical pictograms are standardized images used to visually convey medication instructions. Very little is known about the ability of Africans to interpret these images. Objectives: Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the guessability (ability to correctly guess meaning) of selected International Pharmaceutical Federation (...

Performing reproducible vessel source level (SL) measurements is complicated by seabed reflections in shallow water. In deep water, with a hydrophone far from the seabed, it is straightforward to estimate propagation loss (PL) and convert sound pressure level (SPL) into SL using the method codified in the international standard ISO 17208-2 [Interna...

As an alternative to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) method 22866, a method for the field measurement of spray drift was developed in the Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Environmental Economics and Engineering of the University of Turin, Italy. This new method, termed “test bench,” can be applied for wind condition...

The advancement in mobile communication and technologies has led to the usage of short-form digital content increasing daily. This short-form content is mainly based on images that urged the joint photographic experts’ group (JPEG) to introduce a novel international standard, JPEG Snack (International Organization for Standardization (ISO)/ Interna...

Esta nota de investigación introduce algunas de las ideas discutidas en el libro The World that Latin America Created (Fajardo, 2022) que contribuyen a entender el rol de las organizaciones internacionales en América Latina tanto en la esfera intelectual como en la política. Las Naciones Unidas, una organización internacional frecuentemente asociad...

A atuação internacional depende de recursos humanos, produtivos, tecnológicos e financeiros, além da competitividade de empresas e setores econômicos. Diante disso, existem organizações internacionais que concedem financiamentos para estimular o desenvolvimento econômico e social de setores. Esse é o caso do setor Moveleiro da Serra Gaúcha, que de...

El presente artículo hace un balance de la respuesta de las organizaciones regionales latinoamericanas y caribeñas al covid-19. En especial, se pregunta si éstas han contribuido a hacer frente a la pandemia y busca encontrar explicaciones para la considerable divergencia entre las respuestas de nueve organizaciones regionales. En ese orden de ideas...

El debate sobre los cuidados de largo plazo (CLP) y la necesidad de establecer sistemas de CLP ha alcanzado un consenso mundial, con organizaciones internacionales como la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) que alientan a los países a actuar al respecto. Durante las pasadas elecciones presidenciales en Chile, varios candidatos hicieron propuest...

El presente trabajo aborda el estudio del sistema interamericano de protección de los derechos humanos desde distintas perspectivas, realizando un análisis muy completo de una cuestión sumamente compleja. En este sentido, el autor penetra, entre otros temas, en la eficacia y la legitimidad de este sistema regional, en el control de convencionalidad...

NECROCAPITALISMO E ANGOLA: petróleo e corrupção sob a retórica corporativa RESUMO Este artigo parte da necessidade de repensar os sujeitos das Relações Internacionais e as dinâmicas onde estão inseridos, chamando a atenção para a importância da construção de análises que consigam absorver complexidades e diminuir silenciamentos históricos. A escolh...

Purpose Ophthalmic lens adaptation, particularly with progressive addition lenses, requires accurate measurements of the patient nasopupillary distance (NPD) and interpupillary distance (IPD), which are usually collected using the pupil centre as a reference. However, differences between the pupil centre and visual or foveal axis could induce some...

This article aims to analyze, namely by describing and participating in how to handle human traffic in the modern era that is happening today. The research method used in this research is a systematic literature review (SLR), where the articles are analyzed using 161 scientific articles sourced from previous articles. The purpose of this method is...

The aim of this research is to define different scenarios that optimize the environmental sustainability of the post-harvest stage of vegetable products (cauliflower and brassicas mix). These scenarios considered different packaging materials; energy generation technologies for the processing plant (standard electricity mix vs. renewable options);...

What International Standards are, the purpose of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and how ISO standards help to achieve the Global Goals for Sustainable Development

A vítima de crime tem vindo progressivamente a ganhar o seu espaço no processo penal. Impulsionadas por instrumentos jurídicos emanados de grandes organizações internacionais, as legislações nacionais da maioria dos Estados-Membros da União Europeia vêm consagrando um conjunto de direitos destinados a assegurar às vítimas um tratamento assente no r...

The aim of this study is to explore the attitudes of teachers regarding the initiatives undertaken and the thematic priorities set by international organizations (IOs) for their professional competence. This paper initially presents an overview of the policy framework and the main guidelines of three international organizations-EU, OECD, UNESCO-reg...

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar a evolução dos posicionamentos da Corte Internacional de Justiça no tocante aos litígios ambientais, com destaque para o caso envolvendo a Hungria e a Tchecoslováquia nos anos de 1970, marco do Direito Ambiental Internacional devido ao destaque ao princípio da prevenção. O artigo analisa a consolidação do...

The purpose of this article is to analyze the most popular maturity models in order to identify their strengths and weaknesses. Research conducted by international project management communities such as Software Engineering Institute (SEI), Project Management Institute (PMI), International Project Management Association (IPMA), Office of Government...

There is scant research on the Chinese employees’ intercultural communication competence (ICC), despite increasing recognition of the importance of ICC as a qualified staff in international organizations. To explore the ICC of Chinese employees and their perceptions, this study used mixed methods by drawing on the semi-structured interview and foll...

"Desde finales de la década del cuarenta hasta la actualidad, el debate acerca del financiamiento del desarrollo fue posicionándose como un asunto crucial de la agenda global. De manera creciente, un vasto conjunto de actores internacionales comenzó a involucrarse en la discusión de esta materia. Así, progresivamente, Estados en sus niveles naciona...

Fumaric acid (FH2) is an additive allowed by the Codex Alimentarius and the International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV) that can be used for wine acidification but also to inhibit malolactic fermentation (MLF). FH2 has a positive effect in the reduction in SO2 doses by controlling LAB and other bacteria and by preserving molecular SO2 due to...

La innovación social ha sido ampliamente analizada. Surgen diferentes caracterizaciones. En la medida en que las innovaciones sociales tienen lugar en pequeñas unidades territoriales, pueden analizarse a partir de las percepciones de los sistemas locales de innovación. Ya se han analizado y publicado los distintos agentes y los efectos positivos en...

The key point of this paper is that the climate crisis is one of the most important inevitable consequences of the unsustainable development path that the planet has followed over the last four decades and the degradation of the environment with which it has been associated. Despite the fact that International Organizations, Organizations of States...

In an effort to assist the Iraqi Government in addressing the challenges currently faced by the displaced farming population in their return to farming, the International Organization on Migration (IOM) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) have agreed to collaborate on a joint study to identify the needs of the disp...

International Organizing Committee Member in the International Conference on Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Smart Technology (Bioelectronics 2023), September 14-15, 2023, Tokyo, Japan.

In modern times, spatial planning activities have been the process of determining projections for future land use. Spatial plans produce decisions about space in many different fields, from construction to transportation and environmental, natural, and cultural protection. The right, restrictions, and responsibilities (RRRs) to use the land pieces...

Recent changes in the world order have modified the behavior of small states The current structure of international system nowadays greatly influences the foreign policy of a small country Albania as a small state has shown the first signs of adaptation to this new context The power vacuum in international politics as no country or group of countri...

Bioluminescence is light emission based on the luciferin–luciferase enzymatic reaction in living organisms. Optical signals from bioluminescence (BL) reactions are available for bioanalysis and bioreporters for gene expression, in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo bioimaging, immunoassay, and other applications. Although there are numerous bioanalysis me...

Articulations of notions such as "infringement of sovereignty", "national union", "national strategy" or "power capacities" should be done with great prudence by Albanian policy makers. Declarations of Albanian actors have also a direct impact on the behavior of international factor. Declarations of this nature must be filtered first in the "labora...

The African Shifts report starts with the ground-level realities of how people experience climate vulnerability, and how it affects mobility decisions in Africa today. It then lays out plausible scenarios for how climate mobility might unfold on the continent between now and 2050, and which parts of the continent are likely to be particularly affec...

Introduction: Breast milk is a divine gift for a baby and breast feeding is the nature’s best way to nurture the newborn. Immediately after the delivery breast feeding encourages the bonding of the mother to her baby. The International Organizations like WHO, UNICEF and WABA recommend that breast feeding should be initiated in the first hour of bir...

Una de las principales preocupaciones de la comunidad internacional hoy es la consecución de un desarrollo sostenible, aspecto que aparece reflejado en la Agenda 2030 de la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas. Dentro de los objetivos propuestos por la Agenda, el crecimiento económico sostenible y el trabajo decente para todos aparecen de la man...

Las empresas transnacionales generan innúmeras dificultades en diferentes contextos jurídicos. La respuesta del Derecho Económico Internacional exigió un cambio de paradigmas: su subordinación a conceptos financieros, motivado por la búsqueda del progreso económico, cedió espacio para agregar la tutela de Derechos Humanos y fundamentales como sinón...

Background: Despite the tremendous progress made in advancing laboratory medicine in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), inadequate quality management systems (QMSs) remain a problem and barrier to provision of reliable laboratory services in resource-limited settings. Therefore, it is useful to study the experience of medical laboratories i...

El presente trabajo corresponde a una investigación sobre la trasformación de la organización para la prohibición de las armas químicas de un organismo técnico a un organismo político. El objetivo propuesto fue analizar el enfoque doctrinario de Blokker sobre los principios fundamentales atributivos de competencia, con el propósito de interpretar e...

Introducción La Declaración de Salamanca (Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, 1995) acordada en el marco de la Conferencia Mundial sobre Necesidades Educativas Especiales, marcó un punto de in-flexión en la educación especial. Contribuyó a potenciar el prin-cipio de inclusión internacionalmente: las escuelas deben acoger a todos los niños independie...

Las metodologías para el diseño y gestión de proyectos son cada vez más necesarias y aplicadas con mayor frecuencia en el sector público en Latinoamérica. Continuamente hay actualizaciones y nuevos enfoques en la gestión de proyectos de inversión, por lo que el estudio en las metodologías es relevante a nivel investigativo. El diseño de instrumento...

In this essay, I argue that the ongoing global food crisis, beyond a conjunctural price increase, is an expression of the structural crisis of social reproduction experienced by the classes of rural labour in the Global South. By interrogating the reports and policy recommendations of international organizations on global food insecurity, the essay...

Continous humanitarian crisises in the Central African Republic are instigated by the armed conflicts involving underage combatants also known as child soldiers. Set against this phenomenon, the Goverment of Central African Republic is trying to overcome the issue by initiating collaboration with UNICEF, hoping to put an end to the use and recruitm...

Resumen: En el año 2020, muchas cosas cambiaron para la población mundial; en general, la valoración ha sido calificada de negativa, tanto en discursos de organizaciones internacionales, gobiernos y medios de comunicación, como en las percepciones de la ciudadanía. El objetivo del estudio que aquí se presenta es mirar más allá de esta visión y real...

Efforts to set standards for artificial intelligence (AI) reveal striking patterns: technical experts hailing from geopolitical rivals, such as the United States and China, readily collaborate on technical AI standards within transnational standard‐setting organizations, whereas governments are much less willing to collaborate on global ethical AI...

Introduction National regulatory systems in Southern Africa reflect various stages of maturity, and pharmacovigilance (PV) practices are not aligned. In the absence of guidance for formulating PV guidelines in Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries, this study aimed to create a checklist that may be used to assess the rigour of PV...

Ўқув қўлланмада “Бизнесда бухгалтер» фани таркибида тадбиркорлик ташкилотлари, уларнинг манфаатдор томонлари ва ташқи муҳит, бизнесини ташкил этиши, тузилиши, функциялари ва бошқариш, бухгалтерия ҳисоби ва ҳисобот тизими, назорат ва мувофиқлик каби мавзулар ҳам ўрин олган. Шуни алоҳида қайд этиш керакки, фан дастури ASSA xaлқаро ташкилоти талаблари...

Unlabelled: Climate change is an increasingly important theme in Africa, where a large majority of its people depend on livestock and agricultural activities for livelihood. Concurrently, the topic of health of migrants and people on the move is rapidly raising both in the health debate and migration governance agenda in the Region. The link with...

Se presentan dos aproximaciones teóricas a la educación para la ciudadanía intercultural en la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras y se discute la conveniencia de su introducción en las clases de español en las universidades japonesas. Después de describir las aproximaciones teóricas de Michael Byram y de Manuela Guilherme, se analizan comparativament...

Can supranational actors influence domestic policy? In this article, we study how international organizations have sought to shape the contents of domestic laws aimed at protecting foreign investment. Traditionally, the influence of international organizations on public policy has been assumed to run through loan conditionalities. We build on a rec...

La capacité à mener à bien la stratégie d'une organisation dépend d'un certain nombre de facteurs. Il existe de nombreuses façons différentes que les gestionnaires utilisent pour mesurer la performance d'une organisation. Le modèle 7S de McKinsey et des outils tels que PESTLE, et l'analysis SWOT sont considérés comme les plus couramment utilisés pa...

The article historically addresses international immigration, presenting recent indications on the topic, from the perspective of the current economic globalization, in the phase of the socio-technical division of labor marked by the diffusion of digital technology or Industry 4.0. Data from EUROSTAT (2020), and reports from the International Organ...

The implementation of early warning systems is in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) 2015–2030. The Sendai Framework Priority 4 emphasizes improvement of preparedness and anticipation of disasters by establishing communities’ resilience to disaster. The development of a simple, low-cost early warning system that is u...

For molecules that can be well described metrologically in the sense of the definition of measurands, and which can also be recorded analytically as individual substances, reference measurement service traceability to a metrologically sound foundation is a necessity. The establishment of traceability chains must be initiated by National Metrology I...

The current complexity characterising modern society imposes the need to look at the education of the citizens of tomorrow, its principles can in fact be applied not only to school subjects but also to everyday behaviour. The International organisations involved in social development recommend the support and development, from early childhood, of a...

O objetivo do artigo é analisar se a Agenda 2030 da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU), por meio de suas metas 4.b, 9.5 e 9.b, contribui para a concretização de uma educação atrelada à inovação, ciência e tecnologia. Parte-se da concepção de um processo histórico do progresso ao desenvolvimento, com a Agenda 2030 da Organização das Nações Unidas (...

We aimed to evaluate the adverse birth outcomes of anticancer drug prescription during pregnancy using a Japanese claims database from 2005 to 2019. We applied validated claims-based algorithms to identify pregnant women with birth outcomes, and evaluated drug prescription during pregnancy. The causal relationship between anticancer drugs and adver...

This study aims to assess the performance of thermophysical materials in the construction and building industry to establish the necessary academic basis for the interpretation of trends, developments, and status in this research field. The Scopus database contains 159 papers on this topic, which were published between 1968 and 2021 and originated...

Aim: The present study evaluates the rate of endophthalmitis in intra vitreal injections (IVI) performed in a modular injection cabin that could be easily sited in a closet in an office environment, and the performance tests of the cabin in terms of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC). Method: The injections given over approximately 18...

This study used standard linear smoking machines and puffing protocols to generate data on carbonyl yields in mainstream smoke from 11 unfiltered sheet-wrapped cigars (SWC), seven leaf-wrapped cigars (LWC), and two Kentucky reference cigarettes (3R4F, 1R6F). Carbonyl yields in cigar and cigarette products were determined using three different smoki...

Large outdoor fires have become commonplace all over the world. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines large outdoor fires as an urban fire, tsunami-generated fire, volcano-generated fire, wildland-urban interface (WUI) fire, wildland fire, or informal settlement fire, where the total burnout area is significant. Perhaps o...

Objetivo/Contexto: Este artículo estudia las maneras como el Estado uruguayo conceptualizó la idea de “necesidad” en relación con el proyecto de bienestar a lo largo del siglo xx. Durante la primera mitad de la centuria, el Estado uruguayo desarrolló una política sostenida de control de precios basada en el concepto de artículos de primera necesida...

Ambient noise measurement is a part of audiometric calibration in which one measures the ambient noise level in a sound room/test area intended for audiometric testing and then decides whether the background noise in the test room meets the maximum permissible ambient noise level (MPANL) requirements specified in national or international standards...

This chapter argues that international organizations (IOs) are struggling to fulfill their mandate for change and improvement of society across the globe, and that they have been increasingly turning to open, distance, and digital education (ODDE) as part of their portfolio. Harnessing ODDE could be described as a “light-footed solution” for IOs an...

Purpose: Measurement Uncertainty (MU) is a valuable tool for evaluating analytical performance and interpreting results in clinical laboratories. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has proposed a practical approach for MU calculation in its ISO/TS 20914:2019 guide. This study aimed to calculate the MU values of 20 clinical che...

La sociedad actual cuenta con los condicionantes ideales para que la manipulación informativa, en sus diferentes formas, se haya convertido en un problema de seguridad, sino en el más importante. Prueba de ello son las referencias que se hace a términos como desinformación, manipulación o posverdad en los documentos estratégicos y de seguridad más...

Este estudo apresenta os resultados de uma análise de artigos publicados em revistas de Educação, cujo objetivo é compreender os modos como são concebidas e desenvolvidas a Prática Pedagógica no contexto da Formação Inicial de Professores, numa perspetiva de Educação para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável (EDS). A metodologia utilizada foi a de revisão...

This research paper aims to investigate the relationship between Total Quality Management and ISO specification through a quality audit by identifying ISO specifications in the pursuit of continuous improvement, in addition to exposure to the importance of total quality and the stages of its application, and to identify the responsibility of the qu...

Death Penalty is one of the most common punishments that have existed throughout history and was considered an effective measure to reduce criminal activities. Capital Punishment is being viewed as a violation of humanistic approach which guides the foundational infrastructure of International Organization like United Nations establishing regimes o...

The COVID-19 pandemic has attracted a plethora of research from medical-related disciplines other than sociological and migration disciplines . While a significant number of research papers have considered the impacts of the COVID-19 lockdowns and school closures on students, their observations are not directly applicable to the over 5.3 million in...

The aim of this article is to present the main aspects of limitations to the implied powers of international organizations. The author discusses the most important case law and the position on this topic presented, in particular, by the International Court of Justice. He points to the most salient categories in the catalogue of the limits of implie...

The Integrated Project/Program Management (IP2M) Maturity and Environment Total Risk Rating (METRR) is a novel assessment mechanism developed as part of a DOE-sponsored joint research study led by ASU and representing 19 government, industry, and academic organizations. The research team members are 41 individuals with diverse backgrounds including...