International Economics - Science topic

Some countries increase subsidies in order to decrease the world price, using their large market share. The main difference between subsidies and investment is productivity, investment increases productivity, while subsidies increases production. Subsidies are only a fast tool to decrease the cost of productivity which leads to a decrease in the final price in order to increase the comparative advantage, trying to gain high income with lower profit from exporting high amounts of production. Once you decrease subsidies production will decrease as well. While investment increases productivity which is seeking for new technology, increasing the cultivated area productivity, or high skilled labor.

Is there any publicly available dataset that provides internationally-comparative economic variables, including government expenditure, population, territorial size, per capita GDP, trade, infrastructure, conflict events, etc from 2000 onwards ?

While the phenomenon of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is well-described and supported by many particular cases, the overall picture remains meager. The scale of the Fourth Industrial Revolution's disruptive impact on the global economy is unclear. Thus, how do we measure the impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on the global economy nowadays? What are the currently available shreds of evidence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution's impact on the global economy in terms of resources relocation and industries restructuring? How dramatic is this impact? How do we measure it? What are the variables? What data or literature would you recommend in this respect?

I want to focus upon the external dimension of European Green Deal. Since I am a student of International Economics, I would prefer working within the field of International Relations/ International Political Economy.

Usually we use the two terms interchangeably in our articles but whether is there any technical difference between them?

Particularly, it is for the analysis of Free Trade Agreement's impact on country's trade using panel data. As you know, gravity model and the variable have several econometrics problems. How can this be overcome in order to get the best result with the proper estimation method?

My question is simple, how do you view decision making in SME who are in the process of internationalisation or has already passed the stage of internationalisation. Is there any difference compared to larger firms? Is sarasvathy ( 2001) right in her assumption that firms dealing with a high level of uncertainty often opt for an effectual logic?

I co- authored an article about this that can be found here:

Data starting in the early 1900s or before, with a broad cross-country representation would be great.

Everyone knows intuitively that technology, especially one that can develop its "intelligence" through learning, displaces and will displace people from the labor market. How do you think what other legal or social consequences, besides losing a job, may result from this? Will it affect every country where international production takes place? Will there remain places where it will still be profitable to use the work of human hands?

Thanks in advance for any thoughts.

I am currently assisting on a research on cross border capital flows.

A common problem seems to be that both the acquisition of assets and valuation effects determine the cross border asset holdings as , for example, reported in the CPIS data. Hobza and Zeugner use the BoP statistics on portfolio investments to derive valuation effects on portfolio debt and equity (change in asset holdings minus acquisitions) (2014).

I am wondering if the valuation effect could also be estimated because I do not only want to distinguish between portfolio debt and equity but also between different types of instruments.

For instance, between different debt maturities.

The negative sign of outflows means the disinvestments by domestic investors in foreign economies, so actually it is inflows because domestic investors are pulling money from abroad to local economy, in contrast, the negative sign of inflows means the foreign investors are pulling money from the local economy to their home abroad, so it is actually outflows. IMF uses this method which is known as "BPM6" to report capital flows. Bear in mind that the outflows of FDI, FPI and other investments are reported as an assets and the inflows of FDI, FPI and other investments are reported as liabilities. With that being said, how could we calculate the net capital inflows and outflows? For more clarification I have added an attachment of Argentina's capital flows for the year 2000, Argentina had positive FDI and FPI outflows in that year for quarter 1, but other investment outflows were negative, so that means that other investment outflows are actually inflows because of the investments repatriated home by domestic investors. In the same period, in terms of inflows, Argentina had positive FDI and FPI inflows, but the other investments inflows were negative, so the other investments inflows are actually outflows. Therefore, in order to calculate net capital inflows we add the absolute value of the other investment outflows to the positive values of FDI and FPI inflows(|-other investments outflows|+FDI inflows+FPI inflows). The same thing for net capital outflows, we add the absolute value of negative other investment inflows to the positive values of FDI and FPI outflows (|-other investments inflows|+FDI outflows+FPI outflows).

Am I right???

Help needed.

I am currently looking to come up with a research questions for my bachelor thesis. I study International Relations but I wanted to narrow down my profile towards economic because of my plans for my postgraduate education.

We agreed with my supervisor in this topic : "Forms of Capitalism and EU governance"

I am reading an enormous amount of papers and academic works for days now but I cannot come up with a research questions that successfully creates a bridge between forms of capitalism and EU.

Any ideas on the questions would be welcome. Any suggestion of papers I can read would be welcome.

Thank you

In international trade theory, HO or Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson model and its variants Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek model and North-South HOS models played a dominant role in trade theory and policy. However, starting from Leontief paradox, Leamer and Trefler and others in 1990’s revealed its irrelevance. In the context of South-North questions, Joel Hellier (2012)’s comprehensive assessment shows that NS-HOS models are in the same state. Who still dares to defend HO models?

I would like to test the relationship and impact of FIIs investment of particular company on company's equity price and also want to know the impact of FIIs investment on Stock Index. Pls suggest me, what are the statistical tools  good for conduct? I am using 10 years data.

Thank you,

What is the purpose of the AR Roots graph in Eviews when dealing with VECM?

Unemployment must be an important question also in trade theory. However, we see no many papers or books that argued and analyzed involuntary unemployment in trade theory. If you know any papers and books that treated Keynesian unemployment in relation to international trade, please teach me.

What I know is only a few:

(1) Harrod, R.F. (1939, 1949) International Economics, Second and revised edition.

(2) Robinson, Joan 1965 Inaugural Lecture, Cambridge University. (On New Mercantilism)

I'm interrested in measuring the volume, the motivation, the institutonal settings and the economic effects of high skilled migration with special focus on Central Asia

I am thinking of writing a dissertation on the same.

Thanks.

"The rise of Global Value Chains (GVCs) has dramatically changed the organization of world production of goods and services in recent decades." Sónia Cabral (2016) thus remarks and continues that "GVCs cannot be perfectly understood with the traditional concepts of comparative advantage applied to countries and broad sectors." She then put it: "In theoretical terms, a comprehensive framework encompassing the specificities is still lacking." (Cabral 2016 p.279)

Satoshi Inomata (2017) implicitly reconfirms Cabral's proposition in his introductory chapter of the new biennial report (WTO et al., 2017) by putting line heading "The global value chain paradigm: New-New-New Trade Theory?".

Is Cabral and Inomata's observation true? My humble but bold contention is different. The new theory of international values presents such a theory that explains what drives the rise of GVCs and how such a process goes on (See Shiozawa 2017) at least from 2017. How do you think of this point?

Cabral, Sónia (2016) Global Value Chains: A Survey of Drivers and Measures. Journal of Economic Surveys 30(2): 278-301.

Inomata, Satoshi (2017) Analytical Frameworks for Global Value Chains: An Overview. Chapter 1, pp.15-35. In WTO et al., Global Value Chain Development Report 2017 (Measuring and Analyzing the Impact of GVCs on Economic Development).

Shiozawa, Y. (2017) The New Theory of International Values: An Overview. Chapter 1, pp.3-73. In Shiozawa et. al., A New Construction of Ricardian Theory of International Values, 2017, Spinger, Songapore.

I have read in many papers that remittances can lead to domestic currency appreciation. However, I am more interested if someone can point out balanced theories and arguments of how inflow of remittances can cause currency depreciation aside from only appreciation.

Need Micro Data of the Volume of Derivative Instruments  used by Chinese companies for hedging exchange rate and interest rate exposure.

Right now I look at every annual report but unfortunately some reports are only in Chinese. Is there any data already collected for the years 2010-2013 or any faster way to collect the data?

I'm currently working on a critique of the WTO using liberal economics epistemology and I would need the information that I'm asking for to present a recount of Human Rights Academia critiques to the WTO. 

It does not matter if the articles are published in academic journals or the press as long as they do it from a HR perspective. 

Thank you everyone for your help. 

countries use their foreign exchange reserves to keep the value of their currencies at a fixed rate, could be replaced with Cryptocoin 

Please if you do not have a theoretical framework put your answers in bullets.

I want to assess the effects of US unemployment on the ratio of US consumer demand for Chinese manufactured products to US consumer demand for US products. The idea is that decreased manufacturing employment in the US (partly caused by imports from China which are caused by the supply shock in China (Autor, Dorn en Hanson, 2013)), results in lower household income, which in turn increases demand for cheap Chinese products (relative to the demand for US products). I want to use the approach of Autor et al. in the sense of using the same commuting zones in the US. So, it will be a panel data study. I have two problems:

-I need variation in Chinese imports for each commuting zone. Is there data available on this?

-How to solve the endogeneity problem caused by reverse causality? I will need a good instrument.

Thank you in advance for any remarks/answers. I also appreciate it if someone knows related literature, since I haven't found anything empirical on this relation yet.

Does anyone know of reports/publications that analysis university spin-outs and the royalty rates agreed with the parent University or Institution? Any case studies or meta-analyses would be helpful to us.

Also, an associated question.  If a university holds equity in the spin-out, how much does that reduce royalty rates?

I know these are difficult questions, but I am thinking that someone may have compiled examples, which would be helpful to us. 

I am currently doing research on economic integration and FDI relationship. I have looked on websites of UNCTAD and OECD but I am unable to find bilateral FDI data. I found data on UNCTAD but it is only from 2001 to 2012 whereas I am looking for data dating back to 1990. Any help would be much appreciated. Thank you.

Hello everyone.  I want to know what countries do to attract FDI after relief of sanctions. Thanks a lot. 

The number of trades and the volume of dollars just in the US is enormous. I'm wondering about the connection between the amount of dollars that are used for financial transactions and standard correlations to macroeconomic variables; something like correcting M1 for a part being siphoned off to be used almost exclusively for financial transactions.

And if anyone has already done this, can you tell me the study?

Dear all,

I really appreciate if anyone can tell me some databases on trade statistics before 1950 (and better in the 19th century). I mean trade data at world scale, not those on a particular country (e.g. US export data).

Thank you!!!

I need to measure net product physical labour productivity within a world industry by using World Input Output Tables. Can I use PPP exchange rates for this purpose?

According to Professor James Foreman-Peck, the language skill deficit costs Britain 3.5% of their annual GDP, roughly £48bn a year. An comprehensive ELAN study from the EC estimated that 945,000 European SMEs may be losing trade as a result of lack of language competence, resulting in the average loss per business over a three year period around €325,000. Is such data available for the US, who are known to be extremely monolingual?

Best I could find is a survey conducted in 2014 where they asked 2101 US companies and 14% reported a loss of business opportunities because of a lack of foreign language skills. But no ballpark figure of actual losses.

TPP (Trans-Pacific Partnership) before effectuation is the latest multi-national trade agreement and its ratification is now a big political issue for almost all participating countries.

In the recent republican national convention, Trump declared its opposition to TPP. Senator Sanders, who was a closely competing candidate for democratic party nomination, has expressed his opposition to TPP as well.

How do International Political Economy and International Trade Theory explain the strong opposition among people to free-trade agreement in general and to TPP in particular?

Graham occupies a singular position in the history of the theory of international trade. He oppose to the neoclassical theory since John S. Mill, which is based on the reciprocal demand. He claimed that the neoclassical approach contains “the vital defects” (Graham 1932 The Theory of International Values, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 46(4): 581-316.) I wonder if there are recent studies on F. D. Fraham’s theory of international values.

Dear All, 

I have price indices for Developed Countries and need data for Emerging markets (10 years Govt. Benchmark Bonds, price indices). 

Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Pakistan.

I will be grateful to you all.

I am doing doctoral study in above topic. Please suggest or recommend me research methodologies with related to above topic. I will check expansion of urban fringe in the Karachi, will construct variables pinpointing infrastructure deficiencies due to sprawl and at the last will check relation of these both variables with respect to economic inequalities.

I would like to analyse the performance of sections of agriculture such as crops and determine their likelihood to succeed on international markets thus justifying promoting investment in such subsectors. The interest covers agriculture, manufacturing and mining sectors? Investment opportunities are being considered in these sectors.  

in WinRats or Stata or any other software

We are looking for comparable data on (C)SR in different countries-for corporations in general and also for leaders in CSR (persons)? How to measure CSR in different countries?

the 4th research about International trade,,please share me ideas my beloved friends.

In International trade, to know about economic progress for the future. we have to measure by forecasting analysis. Could you possibly explain forecast of the economic in International trade?

suhaily hasnan

Migrants often have higher rates of self-employment than natives. Does the export industry benefit?

Why or why not?  What are the main factors involved in the current low oil prices?

I need to examine its effect on Iran's major oil rivals; Saudi Arabia, UAE 

The multilateral trade resistance term was introduced by Anderson & Wincoop (2003) to explain flows of trade 

A chapter of Paul Krugman's book Pop Internationalism (1997) is titled The Illusion of Conflict in International Trade. In this chapter, Krugman contends that trade problems between low and high waged nations are an illusion and there is nothing to worry from the globalization in trade. He even analyzes why many eminent writers (including Lester Thurow and Robert Reich) make such ridiculous arguments when they begin to discuss international trade. Krugman contends that they should learn the international trade theory that is taught in undergraduate economics class before they begin to argue on these questions, because it is the matter which requires special knowledge of a special field of economics.

Now, this is my question. Are the contents of the standard international trade theory sane in the sense that they reflect the reality of economies that are influenced by the rapid change of international trade? Is it true that the trouble attributed to trade is an illusion and the international trade theory is fundamentally right? Are the problems that international political economy argues under the subject of trade conflict all illusion? If yes, this must be a true charge against international political economy.

My opinion is that the standard international trade theory has some serious defects and Krugman is not aware of this grave fact.

I am looking for a case study on how countries are managing deficit. How did these countries manage to increase their revenues and reduce costs?

I'm actually trying to run a regression test in Stata for Cross-Section gravity equation using the variable Trade value (ltrd_val) as dependent variable with independents variables such as GNI (lgni) Distance (ldist) contig comlang comcol. I'm testing the country Togo and its bilateral trade partners for year 2013.

Ln(trd_val) = β0 + β1 Ln(gni) + β2 contig + β3 comlang + β4 comcol + β5 Ln(dist)

ltrd_val = Trade value between country "i" and country "j" (e.g. Togo "i" and Algeria "j"...)

lgni = Gross national income

lgnicap = Gross national income per capita

ldist = distance between country "i" and country "j"

limports = imports from "j" to "i" (e.g. Algeria to Togo) at time t

lexports = exports from "i" to "j"

Dummy vairables (0 or 1)

contig = Togo and country "j" neighboring countries ;

0 if not sharing borders and 1 if sharing borders.

comlang = Share official common language between Togo and country "j" ;

0 if not sharing and 1 if sharing.

comcol = Togo former colonisator the same as for country "j" ;

0 if not and 1 if same colonisator.

Is there any special way of organizing the compiled gravity equation data in excel file before importing to Stata for good manipulation? I have put in attached file, the excel file and the Stata *.dta file.

Any help would be really appreciated!

Is there any recent research about determinants of banking flows between countries or between banks with a certain nationality to other countries? Determinants related to global push factors, local pull factors, variables that capture financial and non financial linkages.

Which model is suitable for Forecasting Price of Export Product?

The Worldwide Governance Indicators are: 

Voice and Accountability

Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism

Government Effectiveness

Regulatory Quality

Rule of Law

Control of Corruption

However, instead of observing the percentile rank for Brazil, for the purposes of my research, I need the data concerning the individual ranking of each of the 26 Federal States and the Federal District.

Any ideas?

Dear Researchers

Please someone tell me,  what is the economic rational to take the cost of production (proxy by  wages) as exogenous variable in export supply function? please explain it i am very thankful to you

Regards

Sayed Irshad Hussain

Please , if anyone give the relations between these variables.

Best Regards,

I am going to estimate the export supply function. Please can someone explain me why we include the cost variable (wages or other input cost) as supply side determinant in export supply function. What is economic rational by including this variable and how theoretically we related these two variables. Please explain with possible references. I am very thankful

Thanks and best regards

Sayed Irshad Hussain

I have conducted survey and fieldwork about awareness of and demand for Islamic loans in Norway and I am looking to expand the research. I am particularly interested in work in sociology or anthropology or religious studies. 

I am searching for some models related to Small‐Firm Performance. But I have not found a model and references. Can you help me?

There is a big range of countries which benefit from globalization much more than the others, let's say Serbia, Albania or Moldova in Europe, many countries in other parts of the world. Why  is it so striking and happening in the present world?

In this paper I have shown that the notion of comparative advantage that can be found in todays economic textbooks is the result of important misinterpretations of Ricardo’s famous numerical example, like the definition of the four numbers and the relationship with the labor theory of value, among others. These misinterpretations led to a different notion of comparative advantage than Ricardo’s.

I’m trying to think this question through with the help of concepts like ‚differential inclusion’ and ‚obscene exclusion’ as Nicola De Genova suggests in "Spectacles of migrant ‘illegality’: the scene of exclusion, the obscene of inclusion" (2003). Maybe some of you have an other ideas on how I could find an answer to this question?

There are now number of papers with a title which includes "processing trade." One can say that processing trade is now a flourishing subject matter in the research of international trade. The concept is now well established but it is enigmatic that this concept remained obscure in the 20th century.

 Papers and books with titles which include "processing trade" before 2000 are rather rare. For example, we can cite these titles:

 At around 2000, the titles with "processing trade" increased suddenly. For example, I can cite many papers in the year of 2000 alone.

Of course, processing trade has been discussed inside the text. For example, let me cite papers which appeared before 1990.

My question is why the notion of "processing trade" did not become major subject matter before 2000. As you see from the list above, early papers on processing trade have been written mainly by Japanese. This can be explained by the fact that promotion of processing trade (加工貿易) has been national policy (or 国是=national principle) for Japan since many years. At the first phase of Meiji period, Japan depended heavily on the exports of Silk and Copper, but soon it started to export cotton textile which was a typical processing trade, as Japan imported cotton flower and processed and exported it. 

The story was the same for Great Britain in the time of the Industrial Revolution. It imported cotton from India, United States and others and exported cotton textile. Lionel McKenzie emphasized that "Lancashire would be unlikely to produce cotton cloth if the cotton had to be grown in England" (McKenzie 1954, p.179). Processing trade promotion is also a vital question for newly developing countries now. 

Processing trade was one of the most important forms of international trade from the beginning of modern industrial economy. It remains to be so even today. It is enigmatic why this important category of international trade remained in the background until the arrival of fragmentation and global value chain. 

Perhaps the easiest answer is to point the lack of trade theory which can treat intermediate or input goods. Despite the fact that McKenzie and Jones pointed the necessity to build a theory of intermediate or input goods, no such general theory was provided during the 20th century. In view of its importance, one may ask again why the theory of input trade was not developed much earlier. 

Do you have any good explanation? 

I'm looking into international tax structures and would greatly appreciate any insights on royalty financing or the use of intercompany royalty payments as quasi-equity.

If I want to export a product, what should I take into account? GDP or GDP per CAPITA?

My destinations are:

-U.S

-China

-France

-Finland

-Turkey

I need to inquire about the following :

1- case study in trade gravity model with panel data using stata or eviews or minitab

2- econometric problems with gravity model and solving

3- interpretation the results

My case study is the U.S and I'll be assessing how conflict scenarios can have an impact on economic indicators and the extent to which economic performance is affected (whether adversely or positively). I was just wondering whether running a regression model using Military expenditure as the independent variable and GDP growth as the dependent variable would lead to viable results. 

It's either that or I may opt for a panel data analysis. I just wanted some opinions on the methodology that I've opted to use here and it's viability. 

Thanks in advance for all your opinions.

Political science, International relations

Does anyone know how to compute a test of over-identifying in a system of simultaneous equations? Sargan and Hansen tests are just used for a single equation but I need the test for the whole system of many simultaneous equations. I think there is a Hansen-Sargan test for this but I did not find any explicit reference exposing the formula.

This question is a derivative from my other question:

The topic International Trade counts (as of September 16, 2015) 99 questions and 6,003 followers. My above question attracted only 50 views and two followers including me (ditto). This state may indicate the general atmosphere of researchers who work on international trade. They are not much interested in the theory.

This indifference in theory problems must really be a serious problem in international trade economics. How do you think about it?

The recent financial crisis has again raised the question to what extent price-stability-oriented monetary policy frameworks (bank central) should take into account financial stability objectives.

How could one use game theory in the interaction among goals of central banks, particularly in the trade-off between financial stability and monetary stability?

Are there any studies about the application of physics on international economics except the Gravity model?

Papers in relation to Chinese monetary policy.

Evidence of undervaluation of Chinese exchange rate.

How Chinese monetary policy affect the international economic and financial stability?

I am researching transit corridors of Tajikistan for the regional development with special refers to trade and confused about which theory and model (in methodology) can be used. 

Hi everyone,

I am recently performing my analysis however, I get an error which I can not explain. I have searched on the internet but can not seem to find the right answer. 

I ran the following command and got the error; initial values not feasible (r1400). 

xtpoisson Patents Zemplshyoung Zemplshold, re normal

Fitting comparison Poisson model:

teration 0: log pseudolikelihood = -5572903.9

Iteration 1: log pseudolikelihood = -5496510.4

Iteration 2: log pseudolikelihood = -5496430.4

Iteration 3: log pseudolikelihood = -5496430.4

Fitting full model:

tau = 0.0 log pseudolikelihood = -5496430.4

tau = 0.1 log pseudolikelihood = -5461458.2

tau = 0.2 log pseudolikelihood = -5461856.8

initial values not feasible

r(1400);

When I run a xtpoisson with fixed effects +robust standard errors I do not have this problem. Also when I run xtpoisson with random effects, without robust standard errors this problem does not occur. However, I need xtpoisson, random effects + robust standard errors.  How can I run this analysis properly? 

Best,

Amber