Integrated Assessment - Science topic

Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus (AMM) is a widely used medicinal plant in China, primarily cultivated in the northern regions; however, the selection and breeding of superior varieties remains underdeveloped. To scientifically assess the germplasm resources of AMM and facilitate its breeding, this study collected 33 germplasm samples from...

Sustainable lifestyle changes are an important demand-side solution to reducing CO2 emissions. While sustainable lifestyles are increasingly included in integrated assessment models, modellers have so far not managed to realistically model what drives changes in lifestyles. Important questions about the feasibility and likelihood of lifestyle chang...

Evidence suggests that lifestyle changes are a crucial aspect in the design of decarbonisation strategies towards the achievement of Paris Agreement’s goals. However, most mitigation scenarios developed with Integrated Assessment and Energy System Models often lack a reliable representation of lifestyle changes, therefore modelled pathways overlook...

Assessing the economic impacts of artificial intelligence requires integrating insights from both computer science and economics. We present the Growth and AI Transition Endogenous model (GATE), a dynamic integrated assessment model that simulates the economic effects of AI automation. GATE combines three key ingredients that have not been brought...

Purpose of Review Despite advancements in basic circadian research, development of new diagnostic and treatment strategies for circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders (CRSWDs) has been slow. Here, we review the most recent innovations in human circadian assessment and emerging new therapies for CRSWDs. Recent Findings Researchers have improved exist...

Japan’s decarbonization transition towards carbon neutrality by 2050 will be more dependent on the long-term development of renewables. However, the renewable power generation technologies themselves are highly material- and energy-intensive. We estimated such materials and energy demands in response to power capacity changes. Our main results show...

Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) are among the most influential tools for global climate action. While IAM research contributed enormously to the current awareness of the climate crisis, their approach to transformation pathways has faced significant criticism. This critique illuminates that diverse aspects of social, political, and economic pro...

Process-based Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) play a crucial role in climate agenda-setting and progress monitoring. They advise climate negotiations, inform nationally determined contributions (NDCs), and help create scenarios for central banks. Recent developments have enhanced IAMs' policy scope and accuracy, including the incorporation of i...

Addressing climate change requires accurate emission baseline and robust model-based projections to simulate future emission mitigation pathways. However, emission baseline data in existing Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) are inaccurate and inconsistent. In particular, they cannot capture recent emission surges in those small and medium-sized d...

The International Maritime Organization aims to achieve full decarbonization by 2050 in response to climate change. This ambitious goal demands well-defined strategies guided by techno-economic assessments. The complexity of global shipping systems makes predicting long-term maritime trade patterns challenging, necessitating scenario-building rathe...

The interest in the economics of climate change and the need to quantify a more accurate financial value of the damage caused by every additional metric tonne of greenhouse gas (GHG), known as the social cost of carbon (SCC), is growing. Governments and decision-makers have utilised SCC estimations for more than ten years in benefit-cost analysis,...

This chapter introduces Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) and explains how the models increasingly engage with feasibility. Beginning with a brief history of IAMs, the chapter distinguishes between two primary classes of IAMs: Cost-Benefit IAMs (CB-IAMs) and Process-Based IAMs (PB-IAMs). While CB-IAMs focus on optimizing the balance between mitig...

This chapter examines how the goal of objectivity in scientific policy assessments can be achieved despite the value-laden nature of Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs). It begins by outlining the legitimacy challenge faced by scientific assessments: if IAMs embed specific value judgments, they risk unduly influencing policy decisions and undermini...

This study employed a One Health approach to assess the potential impact of mucilage on human health by characterizing the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens strains isolated during the 2021 mucilage event in the Marmara Sea, Türkiye. Mucilage, a gelatinous organic substance exacer...

This chapter provides a detailed taxonomy of the value judgments embedded in Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) and their outputs. It identifies eight aspects and areas of integrated modeling where value judgments influence scenario evidence, shaping how feasibility is assessed: (1) in choosing feasibility indicators and defining constraints, (2)...

The concluding chapter of the book critiques the current state of evidence produced by Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs), highlighting how biases in these models risk perpetuating existing injustices under the guise of seemingly neutral feasibility assessments. Three key biases are identified: a tendency to shift burdens to future generations, a...

As plastics production remains heavily fossil-dependent, plastics produced from biomass feedstocks could be a climate-friendly alternative. However, extensive biomass production is linked to reduced carbon sinks, thus posing an opposing challenge. This study analyses large-scale bioplastics production and its impacts on the energy system and land-u...

Informing and engaging all actors in the land sector, including land-owners and managers, researchers, policy-makers and citizens, on the most effective sustainable land-based solutions and behavioural changes is a key strategy for achieving climate change adaptation and mitigation targets at the global as well as at EU and local level. One requisi...

China, the world’s largest egg producer, faces challenges of protein feed shortages and nitrogen pollution from manure. Low-protein diets (LPDs) offer potential solutions, but their adoption by small-scale farmers is uncertain. This study used surveys, meta-analysis, life-cycle assessment, and life-cost analysis to address these gaps. A field surve...

When predicting the health impacts of PM2.5 from future air quality changes, it is crucial to consider both air quality improvements and population aging. This study divided future emission scenarios into a base and control scenario to project air quality from 2015 to 2030 and assess health outcomes. The GUIDE model, an Integrated Assessment Model...

The development of microalgal biorefineries, utilizing high-value coproducts, offers a strategy to lower production costs, while the use of saline-tolerant microalgal species contributes to reducing freshwater consumption. This study evaluates...

This research demonstrates the possibility and expediency of forming local electric energy systems (LEESs) based on renewable sources of energy (RSE) as balancing groups in the electric power system (EPS), which can maintain efficiency and provide power supply to consumers in an autonomous mode. The LEES is a part of the EPS of thermal and nuclear...

This chapter explores how Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) can contribute to feasibility assessments of climate goals, building on the conceptual groundwork established in earlier chapters. It argues that feasibility judgments require considering all relevant constraints simultaneously and accounting for complex, dynamic pathways of change – str...

The professional development of teachers is essential for effectively implementing the K to 12 Basic Education Program in the Philippines. Learning Action Cells (LACs) provide a collaborative platform for teachers to enhance competencies in addressing diverse learners' needs, integrating 21st-century skills, and contextualizing the curriculum. This...

Groundwater contamination with sub-lethal dissolved contaminants poses significant health risks globally, especially in rural India, where access to safe drinking water remains a critical challenge. This study explores the hydrogeochemical characterization and associated health risks of groundwater from shallow aquifers in the Marginal Ganga Alluvi...

A systematic review of BECCS and DACCS in low-carbon energy systems is presented. • NETs present significant contributions to climate mitigation and energy system transition. • Research at the national level shows uneven coverage in country models. • The emerging best practices for modelling NETs in ESMs are provided. A R T I C L E I N F O Keywords...

The WORLD7 model was used to assess the sustainability of production and market supply of germanium. The model incorporates dynamic market dynamics, mass balance, and endogenous dynamic market prices based on supply and demand dynamics. The results suggest that there will be germanium scarcity in the near future, and a price increase is predicted....

As climate change continues to pose a significant threat to our planet, international maritime shipping plays a crucial role in mitigation efforts. Recognizing the urgency, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has revised its targets, now aiming for full decarbonization by 2050. However, there is no established pathway to get to the target...

Invited Speaker: Popescu C. R. G. (2024). Title of the Invited Speech: Sustainable Development And Climate Change Management: Opportunities For Disaster Risk Reduction, Integrated Assessment Of Air Pollution, And Energy Options For Economic Prosperity. “2nd International Symposium on Political Science and Public Administration”, Theme of the Sympo...

Understanding the impact of changes in cropland on food production is crucial for economic development and social stability. In recent years, rapid economic growth and frequent population migration in Guangdong Province have significantly changed cropland use and patterns, posing challenges to cropland protection and food security. This study utili...

While a flurry of studies and Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) have independently investigated the impacts of switching mitigation policies in response to different climate scenarios, little is understood about the feedback effect of how human risk perceptions of climate change could contribute to switching climate mitigation policies. This stud...

The use of renewable energy sources to reduce greenhouse gas emissions has become a global trend. According to forecasts of various international energy research organizations, this trend will persist in the future. As resources located near consumption centers are developed, the long-distance renewable energy transportation from areas where renewa...

Socio-political factors in Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs), and their scenario narratives often lack transparency for policymakers and interdisciplinary scholars. As these tools increasingly support sustainable development goals, their assumptions and methodologies require scrutiny, particularly from social scientists. We address critiques of c...

The increasing importance of sustainability in our society also affects horticulture. Ornamental plants are a multi-billion-euro business in Germany, with EUR 4.1 billion for potted plants, EUR 1.5 billion for fruit/ornamental shrubs as well as cut flowers and EUR 0.3 billion for flower bulbs, identifying potted plants as the largest stakeholder. I...

The existing research on security risk often focuses on specific types of crime, overlooking an integrated assessment of security risk by leveraging existing police resources. Thus, we draw on crime geography theories, integrating public security business data, socioeconomic data, and spatial analysis techniques, to identify integrated risk points...

This paper presents a framework for developing efficient and interpretable carbon-cycle emulators (CCEs) as part of climate emulators in Integrated Assessment Models, enabling economists to custom-build CCEs accurately calibrated to advanced climate science. We propose a generalized multi-reservoir linear box-model CCE that preserves key physical q...

Dry riverbeds can transport mining waste during torrential rain events, disseminating pollutants from mining areas to natural ecosystems. This study evaluates the impact of these mine wastes on soils, sediments, and runoff/pore water in the La Carrasquilla dry riverbed (southeastern Spain). An integrated approach utilizing geochemical and mineralog...

We are living in a time of multiple interacting crises, with land use serving as a nexus for many of them (e.g., climate change, biodiversity loss, extractivism, neo-colonialism, social injustices). Based on the assumption that addressing these interacting crises requires a profound socio-ecological transformation (Deep Transformation) affecting al...

The decline in biodiversity poses a serious threat to natural ecosystems and has become one of the most pressing global environmental issues. Establishing conservation priorities for protected areas (PAs) is one of the most direct and effective biodiversity conservation measures. However, conservation gaps arise as a result of existing problems in...

This paper proposes a comprehensive assessment model through the Delphi, entropy weight and Topsis methods to address the complexity and diversity of China's agricultural and rural modernisation development. Firstly, the relative weights of each indicator in the modernisation of agriculture and rural areas were determined through expert surveys and...

The secondary education system in Bangladesh faces significant challenges due to its reliance on rote memorization and high-stakes examinations, which hinder the development of critical thinking and place considerable pressure on students. This study investigates the problematic nature of these assessment practices, including the limited opportunit...

The strategic development of selenium-enriched soil cultivation is essential for effective agricultural land management. This research explores the sustainable utilization of selenium-rich soils in Qiongzhong County, Hainan Island. An extensive evaluation was conducted on 7266 surface soil samples, assessing the selenium concentrations, nutrient le...

Conservation managers increasingly employ reinforcement techniques to bolster declining populations by reintroducing non-wild individuals born in captivity into natural habitats, but success rates remain modest. In this study, the success is evaluated of reinforcement efforts using satellite tracking and field observation data collected between 201...

Critical thinking is one of the 21st-century skills needed. Understanding chemical literacy can encourage students to be able to think more critically. Given the importance of critical thinking and chemical literacy in chemistry learning, there is a need for an assessment instrument that can measure both abilities. Based on this, the integrated ass...

SuCCESs is a bottom-up Integrated Assessment Model (IAM) that represents energy production and use, materials production, land-use and climate globally. The primary use-case for SuCCESs is to calculate long-term scenarios until 2100 that consider the interactions between these systems, for example the greenhouse gas emissions from energy, materials...

This paper is based on the concept of examining the development and significance of the kinds of assessments that focus on students in present-day learning environments. This work examines the historical context of educational assessment from the oral tradition of the ancients to present-day standardized testing and reflects on the emergence of stu...

The article discusses the formation of local electric energy systems (LEES) based on renewable energy sources (RSE) as balancing groups in the electric power system (EPS). These systems can function autonomously, providing electricity even in extreme conditions. LEES incorporate small hydroelectric, photovoltaic, and wind power plants, whose output...

This research presents an integrated energy and environmental assessment of the gasification process for residual biomass, specifically corn stover and cobs, in the Midwest Region of Brazil. The study combines numerical modeling of the gasification process (thermodynamic equilibrium) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to evaluate the quality of the ga...

Drug crimes pose a serious threat with detrimental effects on the global community, including Indonesia. Drugs are classified as extraordinary crimes that harm physical, mental, social, and economic health. Drug abusers are not criminals who should be imprisoned but individuals who need medical and social rehabilitation, as regulated in Law Number...

The integrated assessment approach advocates for a single student assessment that aligns with the learning outcomes of multiple courses. Consequently, students only need to submit one assignment to meet the assessment requirements of several courses. This initiative is currently being implemented at the Faculty of Education, Universiti Teknologi MA...

Climate change poses an existential threat, necessitating effective climate policies to enact impactful change. Decisions in this domain are incredibly complex, involving conflicting entities and evidence. In the last decades, policymakers increasingly use simulations and computational methods to guide some of their decisions. Integrated Assessment...

Our study represents a worthy contribution to scientific interests because it concerns an urgent needfor regular monitoring of the aquifers with regard to the Souk Ahras region for safe and sustainableuse of water. A total of 22 groundwater samples were collected during the wet and dry seasons ofsemi-arid and sub-humid areas in the year 2023. Th...

International shipping is a fundamental component of the global economy. As the industry expands, the demand for high-capacity vessels increases, raising concerns about their impact on the marine environment. While awaiting access to port facilities, vessels often anchor to save fuel and prevent drifting, but this practice is a significant cause of...

Socio-political factors in Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs), and their scenario narratives often lack transparency for policymakers and interdisciplinary scholars. As these tools increasingly support sustainable development goals, their assumptions and methodologies require scrutiny, particularly from social scientists. We address critiques of c...

Public health management plays an important role in Russian healthcare system. However, the task is impossible without an integrated assessment. In order to understand modern approaches to integral assessment of public health as well as to develop effective methods for its determination, it is necessary to systematize the existing research data. Co...

Anthropogenic climate change poses increasingly severe long‐term threats to living things worldwide. It may even contribute to a mass extinction that would leave biodiversity depleted for millions of years—quite possibly longer than the duration of the human species. Such effects are obviously of ethical concern, but because traditional ethical the...

Despite the increasing relevance of temperature overshoot and the rather ambitious country pledges on Afforestation/Reforestation globally, the mitigation potential and the Earth system responses to large-scale non-idealized Afforestation/Reforestation patterns under a high overshoot scenario remain elusive. Here, we develop an ambitious Afforestat...

In pediatric rehabilitation medicine, manual assessment methods for visual–motor integration result in inconsistent scoring standards. To address these issues, incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) technology is a feasible approach that can reduce time and improve accuracy. Existing research on visual–motor integration scoring has proposed a f...

This study aims to analyze the procedure and effectiveness of the recommendations provided by the Integrated Assessment Team (TAT) of the National Narcotics Agency of Bali Province in determining rehabilitation for narcotics abusers. The research employs a normative legal method, incorporating a statute approach, case approach, and conceptual appro...

This study aims to analyze the authority of the Integrated Assessment Team (TAT) in determining rehabilitation for narcotics abuse victims and to identify obstacles in implementing rehabilitation recommendations, especially for those undergoing legal proceedings. The research uses a normative legal method, supported by empirical data, relying on pr...

In this study, chromatographic methods were first optimized to ensure the robustness of the identification and quantification of nitrogen markers and biomarkers. Then, the optimal conditions were applied to 14 crude oil samples deposited in distinct paleoenvironments from Brazil, Venezuela, and Colombia to perform an integrated geochemical assessme...

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a significant cause of vision loss, characterized by the occlusion of retinal veins, leading to conditions such as central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Macular edema (ME), a prevalent consequence of RVO, is the primary cause of vision impairment in affected patients. Anti-VE...

This ecosystem status summary provides a short description of the current state and recent change of different components of the Norwegian Sea ecosystem while also briefly discussing possible causes of change. It was issued for the first time in 2021 (2020 meeting) and is updated annually. The ecosystem status summary is intended for a wide audienc...

Access to improved water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services is crucial in recognizing human rights to water and sanitation and due to their impacts on education, livelihoods, and human health. However, these services are often inadequate in non-household settings such as prisons, refugee camps, schools, and healthcare facilities. Progress in...

Urban greening is a major goal in policies for sustainable cities, and spatial planners are nowadays strongly interested in the benefits of greenspace for the well-being of urban residents. We present a novel, model-based approach to support the development of effective greening strategies. The approach is quantitative and spatially explicit and ac...

This study aims to describe the implementation of Integrated Assessment and assess the effectiveness of the assessment of criminal acts of narcotics abuse. The research method used is normative research method, supported by field data and in-depth interviews with respondents and sources relevant to the research topic. The results showed that not al...

Given the increasing adverse impacts of climate change on ecosystems, the power sector needs to improve rapidly. One solution is to utilize efficient resources for energy production and processing. In terms of resource efficiency, although AI has not yet been fully utilized, AI-6G can play a key role in developing environmentally friendly and effic...

A fundamental aspect of fish farms is their energy consumption, which is essential for various activities like water supply, pool aeration, thermal conditioning, lighting, filtration, and recirculation systems. Due to volatile prices and rising energy use, costs have surged, requiring energy-optimization solutions for economic viability and polluti...

Amid the development of blockchain technology in various sectors, this research proposes a novel Integrated Assessment Model to evaluate readiness for implementing blockchain-based systems. This research was carried out in stages using a modified project evaluation system approach, which includes a series of processes such as systematic literature...

Greater precision in models to aid in the prediction of drinking suitability of surface water is a novel concept that will benefit future studies in the target region, and the methods can be adapted to other locations. However, agricultural activities are the primary source of surface water pollution as a result of rising fertilizer and pesticide u...

The social cost of carbon (SCC) is a central tool for climate policy-making. Estimates of the SCC depend crucially on their representation of climate damages. Recent developments in climate econometrics have increased the level of spatial detail, constrained the persistence, and widened the scope of climatic drivers of impacts on macroeconomic grow...

Monitoring and estimating spatially resolved changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks are necessary for supporting national and international policies aimed at assisting land degradation neutrality and climate change mitigation, improving soil fertility and food production, maintaining water quality, and enhancing renewable energy and ecosystem...

In this work we document FRIDA v1.0 a simple, box-model-type joint climate-IAM (Integrated Assessment Model) or world-Earth model. With this model we have demonstrated the importance of having a dynamically complex feedback-rich model which interconnects the climate and the human system. Representing the breadth of connections between the sectors o...

The adoption of a course-centric model in higher education, where individual courses operate in isolation, often disregards the interconnectedness of knowledge and skills across the curriculum. Assessment tools and practices in higher education are often characterized by significant fragmentation and a lack of cohesion across different courses, eve...

Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs), used for climate impact and mitigation assessments, face criticisms for their overly techno-economic representations of human systems, driven mainly by economic indicators. Our work seeks to address this weakness by working towards the inclusion of endogenous representations of human behaviour in IAMs. To that e...

Carbon Capture, Storage and Utilization (CCS/CCU) is critical for achieving net-zero emissions. Although the recent surge in CCS/CCU projects announcement, there is a clear gap between announced capacity (around 400 Mt CO₂ per year) and the Net Zero Emissions (NZE) scenario deployment target (around 1 Gt per year) by 2030. This review examines brea...

Foundation treatment piles are crucial for enhancing the bearing capacity and stability of weak foundations and are widely utilized in construction projects. However, owing to the complexity of geological conditions, traditional construction methods fail to meet the demand for low-carbon development. To address these challenges, this study introduc...

The study aimed to evaluate and compare the co-digestion of swine wastewater (SW) and other co-substrates: grass residue (GR), food waste (FW), and poultry litter (PL). The comparisons were performed using the biochemical methane potential (BMP) test. The maximum accumulated methane (CH4) production was submitted to a joint analysis of variance. Tu...

The study addresses the escalating threat of forest fires, exacerbated by climate change and human activities, particularly in fire-sensitive ecosystems. Focused on forestry cities of Golestan Province, Iran, it utilizes the IPCC framework to analyze forest fire susceptibility through remote sensing and random forest analysis. Thirty risk indicator...

Objectives This study aimed to explore the potential of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1) as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis in mild and severe TBI cases, including TBI-related deaths. Methods This prospective cohort study includes 40 cases each of mild, severe, fatal TBI cases, and 40 hea...

Carbon mitigation technologies lead to air quality improvement and health co-benefits, while the practical effects of the technologies are dependent on the energy composition, technological advancements, and economic development. In China, mitigation technologies such as end-of-pipe treatment, renewable energy adoption, carbon capture and storage (...

Most recent cost-benefit Integrated Assessment Models have used only one reference scenario and focused on reducing mainly CO2 emissions. This goal may not adequately account for the uncertainties arising from diverse socioeconomic developments and the potential for mitigating the effects of emissions of individual greenhouse gases, aerosols, and p...

In a major boost to air quality and sustainable development in Africa, a new UNEA 6 Resolution on Air Quality has acknowledged the Integrated Assessment of Air Pollution and Climate Change for Sustainable Development in Africa. The new development came in 2023, when the Integrated Assessment of Air Pollution and Climate Change for Sustainable Devel...

Urban vegetation has an essential role in maintaining the hydrological and energy balance. These processes in urban areas have been long overlooked due to the fragmentation and uneven feature of land use and vegetation distribution. Recent advances in remote sensing and the ease of data acquisition have allowed a more precise mapping of vegetation...

Sustainable water management is essential to increasing water availability and decreasing water pollution. The wastewater sector is expanding globally and beginning to incorporate technologies that recover nutrients from wastewater. Nutrient recovery increases energy consumption but may reduce the demand for nutrients from virgin sources. We estima...

The investigation of brain health development is paramount, as a healthy brain underpins cognitive and physical well-being, and mitigates cognitive decline, neurodegenerative diseases, and mental health disorders. This study leverages the UK Biobank dataset containing static functional network connectivity (sFNC) data derived from resting-state fun...

Tackling climate change and the transition to a low-carbon energy system will especially increase the demand for certain minerals and metals, such as cobalt, copper, lithium and rare-earth elements. This raises questions about possible constraints to a clean energy system transition. Environmental and social concerns have also been raised about min...

Net-zero commitments have become the central focal point for countries to communicate long-term climate targets. However, to this point it is not clear to what extent conventional emissions reductions and carbon dioxide removal (CDR) will contribute to net-zero. An integrated market for emissions and removals with a uniform carbon price delivers th...

To achieve the global 1.5 °C target and realize a climate-neutral energy system, decarbonizing all sectors of final energy consumption is crucial. Green hydrogen and green ammonia emerge as pivotal in decarbonizing, particularly in the industrial sector by 2100, given their potential as emission-free energy carriers. These can be efficiently produc...