Science topics: Instrumentation EngineeringInstrumentation
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Dear Colleagues,
Natural hazards such as earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, floods, droughts, and storms continue to pose significant challenges to both human societies and natural ecosystems. These hazards, whether abrupt or evolving over time, present complex challenges that require interdisciplinary approaches to understand, predict,...
Practice of nuclear medicine (NM) in Japan started in 1950 when radioisotopes (RIs) were imported from the U.S.A. and Japan Radioisotope Association (JRIA) launched with the purpose for bulk buying and distribution of RIs to each user. The author has experienced the nuclear medicine practices since its dawn to present. The purpose of this historica...
The article proposes a look at the subject of myth as a constitutive element of contemporary societies. The cultural identity of the subjects is identified as a representation of the collective imaginaries that form societies and, in particular, it is defined as an expression of the processes of mythopoiesis and resemantization of culture in its di...
The development of advanced detection systems for charged particles in laser-based accelerators and the need for precise time of flight measurements have led to the creation of detectors using ultra-thin plastic scintillators, indicating their use as transmission detectors with low energy loss and minimal dispersion for protons around a few MeV. Th...
Among super-resolution microscopy techniques, structured illumination microscopy (SIM) shows great advances of low phototoxicity, high speed, and excellent performance in long-term dynamic observation, making it especially suitable for live cell imaging. This review delves into the principles, instrumentation, and applications of SIM, highlighting...
The use of hyperspectral imaging to investigate food samples has grown due to the improved performance and lower cost of instrumentation. Food engineers use hyperspectral images to classify the type and quality of a food sample, typically using classification methods. In order to train these methods, every pixel in each training image needs to be l...
Background
Distal femoral osteotomy (DFO) can be used to simultaneously correct coronal and rotational deformities. Patient-specific instruments (PSIs) are known to be helpful in such complex osteotomies, but data on surgical accuracy for the combined correction of coronal and rotational deformities of the femur are missing.
Purpose
To investigate...
Purpose
Cervical pedicle screw (CPS) instrumentation offers significant biomechanical advantages compared to lateral mass or transarticular fixation. Nonetheless, malpositioning complications constitute a relevant concern. Customized patient-specific 3D-printed templates have been developed to improve CPS placement accuracy and safety. The aim of t...
Open conversations between patients and healthcare professionals (HCP) are required to evaluate which treatments are reasonable for the individual case, especially towards the end of life. Advance Care Planning (ACP), which often results in drafting an Advance Directive (AD), is a useful tool to help with decisions in these circumstances, but the r...
Drone-based beam measurements are a promising avenue to tackle the critical challenge of calibration for 21 cm cosmology telescopes. In this paper, we introduce a new drone-based calibration system for 400-800 MHz radio observatories, describing its instrumentation and first deployment. We discuss measurements of the TONE array, a CHIME/FRB outrigg...
The booming expansion of nanotechnology poses the problem of environmental pollution by nanoparticles (NPs). The available methods for sensing and removing NPs from the environment are typically lengthy and instrumentally demanding. The recent introduction of NP-imprinted polymers (NPIPs), either as films or bulk materials, is an important step tow...
Passive wireless sensors are crucial in modern medical and industrial settings to monitor procedures and conditions. We demonstrate a circuit to inductively excite passive resonators and to conduct their decaying signal response to a low noise amplifier. Two design variations of a generic transmit-receive signal chain are proposed, measured, and de...
Fruit sensory characteristics are crucial in terms of decision-making for fruit production and breeding. However, due to the relatively short consumption history of blueberries in the Japanese market, their sensory characteristics have yet to be characterized by Japanese consumers. Over three years, Japanese consumer panels evaluated preferences an...
There are around 5.3 billion Internet users, amounting to 65.7% of the global population, and web technology is the backbone of the services delivered via the Internet. To ensure web applications are free from security-related bugs, web developers test the server-side web applications before deploying them to production. The tests are commonly cond...
Flexible PCB quench antennas have been very useful in providing high-quality high-resolution data in low temperature superconducting magnet tests. Similar multi-sensor arrays have been employed recently to cover a high temperature superconductor magnet tested at FNAL. In the present work, data taking conditions and magnet features to support the an...
Background and Objectives: The utilization of non-metallic pedicle screws and rods has become a favored approach in the management of spinal tumors. An abundance of metal artifacts improves postoperative imaging and allows for precise radiation treatment planning. Under certain conditions, a vertebral body replacement (VBR) is necessary in addition...
History of Turkish Teaching and Learning in Georgia: A Sociolinguistic Perspective
Turkish language has a history of hundreds of years in Georgia. Georgia's geopolitical position has played a big role in this. According to Azerbaijanis living here, Turkish is also the language of religion. In the past, a person who spoke/conversed in the Turkish l...
Brunei Darussalam has been undergoing significant changes as it takes on national and international challenges, particularly in diversifying its economy. These changes have provoked the need for a shift in the style and methods of government administration. In order to accomplish these reforms, performance management was initiated, falling under th...
Due to climate change, the temperature monitoring of reinforced-concrete (RC) structures is becoming critical for preventive maintenance and extending their lifespan. Significant temperature variations in RC elements can affect their natural frequencies and modulus of elasticity or generate abnormal stress levels, potentially leading to structural...
Aviation accounts for a significant share of global CO2 emissions, necessitating efficient propulsion technologies to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050. Geared turbofan architectures offer a promising solution by enabling higher bypass ratios and improved fuel efficiency. However, geared turbofans introduce significant aerodynamic and structural c...
Objective: the objective of this study was to investigate the impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on the pedagogical practices of Education for Citizenship (EpC) in educational institutions in the Nariño department, Colombia, to identify opportunities, tensions, and transformations in the integration of technology into the cu...
Waveform generation as part of on-chip built-in self-test (BIST) circuitry often necessitates sufficient linearity without expensive hardware overhead. Achieving high linearity is critical for accurate signal generation, especially in applications requiring high precision, such as biomedical and instrumentation applications. Currently, achieving th...
This article explores the hypothesis that a structured electromagnetic (EM) field-an "electromagnetic soul"-acts as a stabilizing framework for biological systems. We propose that this field helps maintain the coherent arrangement of quarks, atoms, and cells amid incessant quantum fluctuations, thus preserving both physical form and subjective iden...
The search for habitable exoplanets has improved with every passing year. New methods and advanced instrumentation with higher precision help find more habitable exoplanets and refine existing parameters of highly likely habitable exoplanets. This paper presents the Statistical-likelihood Exo-Planetary Habitability Index (SEPHI) values for Kepler-5...
Introduction: The spinal arachnoid cyst (SAC) has an intradural, extradural or mixed location, is rare and is reported in the thoracic, lumbar and lumbosacral spine. Case report: Male with sudden loss of strength in left foot, urinary incontinence and sensory disturbances in lower limbs. Simple and contrast thoracolumbar MRI with intraspinal, extra...
Nowadays, the recovery/recycling/reuse of mining and mineral processing wastes is considered the best approach to support the circular economy and sustainability of mining and metal extraction industries. Mine wastes can be used to restore surface and subsurface land damaged by mining operations, generate fuel for power plants, further extract thei...
Acoustic guidelines for neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) aim to protect vulnerable neonates from noise-induced physiological harm. However, the lack of recognised international standards for measuring neonatal soundscapes has led to inconsistencies in instrumentation and microphone placement in existing literature, raising concerns about the r...
Moldova stands at a crossroads, defending its aspirations for European integration against the challenges of entrenched oligarchs and external interference. Since gaining power, the Party of Action and Solidarity (PAS) has pursued an ambitious judicial reform agenda to dismantle oligarchic networks, combat corruption, and align with EU standards. Y...
International relations and interaction necessarily lead to conflicts and disputes that require resolution one way on the other. In the resolution of these international disputes arising from the commercial and investment interaction of the people of different countries of the world is achieved mainly through the instrumentality of arbitration lead...
One of the metaepistemology’s most central debates revolves around the question of what the source of epistemic normativity is. Epistemic instrumentalism claims that epistemic normativity is a species of means-ends normativity. One of the most prominent objections against epistemic instrumentalism features cases of epistemic indifference: Cases whe...
Ar I 419.8 nm/751.5 nm line intensity ratio is suggested as a measure of the electric field in atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) in argon. Using the electron distribution function calculated from the Boltzmann equation, electron impact excitation cross sections, quenching coefficients and other atomic data, theoretical depen...
Background: Pulpectomy is the conservative treatment that retains and preserves the primary tooth in the dental arch in its function and non-pathologic state until its exfoliation. Over recent years, pulpectomy has been performed using various instrumentation techniques. The aim of this study was to evaluate the instrumentation time, taper and qual...
The Joint Research Centre (JRC) in Karlsruhe, in partnership with the Directorate General for Energy (DG ENER), plays a critical role in ensuring the accurate analysis of nuclear materials, as mandated by the EURATOM Treaty. The Analytical Service at JRC Karlsruhe is dedicated to maintaining the highest standards of quality, accuracy, and traceabil...
Atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) is a serious condition in which the first two cervical vertebrae lose their anatomical position and stability. This may lead to neurological complications, including death. The treatment of AAD remains controversial, and posterior instrumentation with pedicle screw placement is one of the commonly used methods. The go...
The features of Doppler-free resonances detected by probing the $^{133}$Cs atom $6S_{1/2}-7P_{3/2}$ transition at 456 nm in a nanometric-thick vapor layer are investigated. The matrix element of this transition is about 11 times smaller than that of the Cs D$_2$ line (852 nm). When the vapor layer thickness is $\ell = \lambda/2 \simeq 230$ nm, we o...
A Super-Conducting ENergetic x-ray Telescope (ASCENT) is a concept for a future balloon-borne high-energy X-ray telescope in the energy range 60–85 keV to study gamma-ray emissions of 67.87 keV and 78.32 keV from the radioactive isotope ⁴⁴Ti. For the focal plane instrumentation, ASCENT will use Mo-Cu/Mo-Au bilayer transition edge sensor (TES) micro...
Seeking to frame the debate around academic freedom in terms of freedom of thought, this article begins with an exploration of the hazards of fascist ideology and the psychodynamics of persuadability. Attention is paid to the perverse lure of certainty and the apparent willingness of many people to accede to an instrumentalized unconscious. Through...
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a molecular biology tool with diverse applications in the aquatic sciences. Classical PCR is a nonquantitative method that can be used to detect target DNA sequences that are characteristic of particular microbial taxa but cannot determine their concentrations in water samples. Various quantitative forms of PC...
I am honored to have been recognized as an Outstanding Reviewer for 2024 by the IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Society. This award was granted in recognition of my contributions to the peer review process, where I demonstrated professionalism, objectivity, and timely reviews. As part of the editorial board’s acknowledgment, the IEEE TIM Edito...
Utilising JWST, ALMA and the VLA we present high angular resolution (0.06''- 0.42''), multi-wavelength (4 micron - 3cm) observations of the VLA 1623-2417 protostellar system to characterise the origin, morphology and, properties of the continuum emission. JWST observations at 4.4 micron reveal outflow cavities for VLA 1623 A and, for the first time...
The question of whether chemical structure is reducible to Everettian Quantum Mechanics (EQM) should be of interest to philosophers of chemistry and philosophers of physics alike. Among the three realist interpretations of quantum mechanics, EQM resolves the measurement problem by claiming that measurements (now interpreted as instances of decohere...
This study aims to investigate the impact of the neoliberal policies adopted by the European Union (EU) in its relations with its eastern neighbors. Particularly, the accession of Eastern European countries to the EU during the enlargement process that took place in 2004 has led to significant changes at the EU's eastern borders. During this period...
Porosity estimation at high granite temperatures is essential for numerous purposes, including natural and enhanced geothermal energy production. However, these methods of determining porosity have some disadvantages, such as being labor-intensive, requiring expensive instrumentation, and taking a significant amount of time, particularly during ele...
The presence of unsafe levels of chemical compounds, toxins, and pathogens in food poses a serious threat to public health, especially in economically disadvantaged countries. Current detection methods are costly, require centralized labs, skilled personnel, and specialized equipment, hindering large-scale testing. Here we provide a comprehensive r...
In this contribution I look at the motivation behind the choice of foreign languages in upper secondary school and whether different foreign languages are linked to various gender stereotypes. We know that gender influences the selection of foreign languages in school, and especially French has a distinct gender profile with many girls and few boys...
Recognizing these limitations does not diminish science's value; instead, it invites us to approach it with humility and curiosity. By acknowledging both its strengths and gaps-and by integrating interdisciplinary perspectives-we can expand our understanding while remaining grounded in evidence-based inquiry. Although phenomena beyond instrumentati...
In parallel with the development of data transmission in the telecommunications sector to connect peripheral devices, hardware engineers have defined interfaces for independent communication systems. The basic idea of having standardized interfaces for external devices was quickly extended to control and instrumentation equipment, as the real-time...
The development of standards and guidelines for undergraduate chemistry programs across the globe can ensure that students and faculty have the facilities, curriculum, skills, and infrastructure to support chemistry education. The American Chemical Society began its exploration of standards in the United State in the 1930s culminating in the ACS Ap...
This article examines the transformation of religion into a structural part of cultural war, as well as the broader process of the culturalization of politics, as a hegemonic strategy. Within this specific context, the article describes the evolution of cultural war in Turkey and how it is transferred in the context of the Turkish Cypriot community...
Low-frequency solar radio emission is sourced in the solar corona, with sub-100 MHz radio emission largely originating from the ∼10 ⁵ K plasma around 2 optical radii. However, the region of emission has yet to be constrained at 35–45 MHz due to both instrumentation limitations and the rarity of astronomical events, such as total solar eclipses, whi...
This study critically analyses a play, namely Dukkanaan Duuba,
thereby uncovering the existence of internal colonialism in Ethiopia, a concept that has been hotly debated since the 20th century. The play portrayed how nations and nationalities in Ethiopia, specifically the Oromo, suffered under successive imperial systems since their colonization...
Timely replacement of cutting tools reduces machining costs and prevents the manufacture of defective products. Many researchers have developed Tool Condition Monitoring (TCM) systems to estimate tool wear using reliable, low-cost instrumentation. This paper proposes estimating tool wear by interpreting motor current signals from the programming lo...
Background
Traditional freehand techniques in high tibial osteotomy (HTO) have been shown to lack precision and accuracy. Patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) and fixation created from cross-sectional imaging have recently been introduced to address this problem.
Purpose/Hypothesis
The purpose of the study was to compare traditional freehand tec...
In the electronics industry sector, different types of parts made out of copper alloys are used, such as metal supports (lead frames), on which the chips are assembled. These parts are produced using progressive dies, with several blanking and bending stages. There is a huge interest to numerically predict these multistage forming processes, to dec...
Software verification is a complex problem, and verification tools need significant tuning to achieve high performance. Due to this, many verifiers choose to specialize on reachability properties, or invest the time to implement known transformations from the given specification to reachability on their internal representations. To improve this sit...
Free-electron lasers (FELs) are the world's most brilliant light sources with rapidly evolving technological capabilities in terms of ultrabright and ultrashort pulses over a large range of photon energies. Their revolutionary and innovative developments have opened new fields of science regarding nonlinear light-matter interaction, the investigati...
A full-scale geophysical observatory in the North Caucasus, which was established to study volcanic activity in the Elbrus area, has been functioning for more than 10 years. Results of experimental studies performed at the observatory, located in the deep tunnel, are presented. Special attention is paid to the stability of metrologically significan...
Rapid advances in NMR spectroscopy instrumentation demand powerful analysis techniques to be implemented to cope with the development. These include extracting patterns from the data acquired, such as images and 1D spectra. Furthermore, deep learning models have shown to be very powerful in extracting patterns from such data. However, current analy...
The paper points out the challenges and problems faced by media literacy as an educational and generally public strategic concept, with a focus on the use of
the term itself and certain terminological ambiguities, then on reductionist practices in the implementation of media literacy training, and the political and ideological instrumentalization...
A double major program, as defined by the Council of Higher Education, is “a program that allows students who meet the success condition (...) to take courses simultaneously from two diploma programs of the same higher education institution and receive two separate diplomas.” There is no doubt that double major students are quite successful; howeve...
Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has recently emerged as a promising tool for various agricultural applications. However, high equipment cost, instrumentation complexity, and data-intensive nature have limited its widespread adoption. To overcome these challenges, reconstructing hyperspectral data from simple, cost-effective color or RGB (red-green-blue...
High-quality observational datasets are essential for climate research and models, but validating and filtering decades of meteorological measurements is an enormous task. Advances in machine learning provide opportunities to expedite and improve quality control while offering insight into non-linear interactions between the meteorological variable...
The durations and effectiveness of the drill bits are determining factors in realizing operational goals in sectors such as oil and gas, mining, and geothermal power in hostile environments that include high temperatures, pressures, and erosive sub-surface terrains as well. This research focuses on the emerging lubrication strategies to address the...
We present an end-to-end workflow for superconducting qubit readout that embeds co-designed Neural Networks (NNs) into the Quantum Instrumentation Control Kit (QICK). Capitalizing on the custom firmware and software of the QICK platform, which is built on Xilinx RFSoC FPGAs, we aim to leverage machine learning (ML) to address critical challenges in...
Introduction
We propose and assess the biomechanical stability of medial column screw supplementation in a synthetic distal femur fracture model.
Materials and methods
Twenty-four low density synthetic femora modeling osteoporotic, intraarticular distal femur fractures with medial metaphyseal comminution were split into two fixation groups: (1) la...
Paper-based sensors have been widely used thanks to their potential for creating simple, low-cost, and sustainable analytical devices, making them particularly suitable for environmental monitoring. The aim of this work is to develop a ready-to-use colorimetric paper sensor, based on the Griess reaction, for nitrite on-site monitoring. We here addr...
Optimised alignment is important in optical systems, particularly in high-precision instrumentation such as gravitational wave detectors, in order to maximise the sensitivity. During operations, high performing optical wave-front sensing and feedback systems are used to maintain optical cavity performance. However, the need for an automated initial...
Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using patient-specific implants (PSI) for complex shaft corrective osteotomies in multiplanar deformities of long bones in the lower extremities. Additionally, it aimed to investigate the added value of these implants by quantifying surgical accuracy on postoperative CT, comparing the...
An online course designer and adjunct instructor use autoethnography and case study methodologies to examine how neoliberalism has rendered the postsecondary online writing classroom transactional. Using a public, open-enrollment, two-year institution, we explore the ways online writing courses are impacted by institutional structures that mechaniz...
The Unsolved Problems in Hydrology (UPH) initiative has emphasized the need to establish networks of multi-decadal hydrological observatories to gain a deep understanding of the complex hydrologic processes occurring within diverse environmental conditions. The already existing monitoring infrastructures have provided an enormous amount of hydromet...