Instrumentation - Science topic

Introduction Sonography has been a valuable diagnostic modality in sports and musculoskeletal (MKS) medicine for decades utilized primarily to diagnose injury severity, and image-guided procedures. High resolution wireless POCUS devices (i.e., Clarius L-15) provide clinicians with the ability to conduct scans in real-time. Ultra-high-resolution ima...

Mobbing, workplace bullying, or workplace mistreatment are longstanding problems for occupational health and organizational behavior literature. The research in both areas shows that workplace bullying affects relevant organizational outcomes such as personnel rotation, individual and group performance, and absenteeism. At an individual level, work...

A coupled hydro-morphodynamic and wave-induced liquefaction model is developed to predict morphological changes and seafloor instability. The hydro-morphodynamic model is employed to predict water level, currents, waves, and seafloor evolution and provide the forcing term to the wave-induced liquefaction model. The model is validated using observat...

Coherent Raman scattering (CRS) microscopy is a chemical imaging modality that provides contrast based on intrinsic biomolecular vibrations. To date, endeavors on instrumentation have advanced CRS into a powerful analytical tool for studies of cell functions and in situ clinical diagnosis. Nevertheless, the small cross-section of Raman scattering s...

Purpose: To identify prognostic factors of failure in patients undergoing perineal urethrostomy (PU) with Blandy technique, with inverted U-shaped perineal flap. Methods: This is a retrospective study of PU of non-oncological causes (2001-2017). Data of age, BMI, history of diabetes mellitus, etiology of urethral stricture, type of stricture, pr...

Three-dimensional scanning technology has been traditionally used in the medical and engineering industries, but these scanners can be expensive or limited in their capabilities. This research aimed to develop low-cost 3D scanning using rotation and immersion in a water-based fluid. This technique uses a reconstruction approach similar to CT scanne...

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the deformity angular ratio (DAR) on intra-operative neuromonitoring (IONM) signal changes during posterior spinal fusion (PSF) without vertebral column resection (VCR). Methods: Retrospective review of severe pediatric spinal deformity patients treated with PSF without VCR or th...

A better understanding of the processes involved in the energy transport across the solar atmosphere (e.g., jets, waves) demands more effort towards the observations. Hence, existing instruments may need to be upgraded to gain additional capabilities. To this effect, we conceive an upgrade for the HELioseismic Large Regions Interferometric DEvice (...

This paper describes a method for increasing the accuracy and precision of temperature measurements of a liquid based on the central limit theorem. A thermometer immersed in a liquid exhibits a response with determined accuracy and precision. This measurement is integrated with an instrumentation and control system that imposes the behavioral condi...

The Birmingham Solar Oscillations Network (BiSON) observes acoustic oscillations of the Sun. The dominant noise source is caused by fluctuations of Earth’s atmosphere, and BiSON seeks to mitigate this effect by combining multiple rapid observations in alternating polarisation states. Current instrumentation uses bespoke Pockels-effect cells to sele...

Winning times at benchmark international rowing competitions (Olympic Games and World Championships) are known to vary greatly between venues, based on environmental conditions and the strength of the field. Further variability in boat speed for any given effort is found in the training environment, with less controlled conditions (i.e., water flow...

One Generation IV nuclear reactor, which uses a fluoride salt as a coolant, graphite reflector blocks as a moderator, and circulating buoyant TRISO pebbles as fuel is at an advanced stage of development. To characterize the seismic behavior of components of this reactor, validate numerical models for analysis, and develop recommendations for design...

Test flakiness is a problem that affects testing and processes that rely on it. Several factors cause or influence the flakiness of test outcomes. Test execution order, randomness and concurrency are some of the more common and well-studied causes. Some studies mention code instrumentation as a factor that causes or affects test flakiness. However,...

This article delves into an investigation of an experimental steel I-girder section encased in concrete and its instrumentation for the purpose of analyzing temperature distributions in concrete bridges. The study aims to examine the effect of differing air temperatures and thermal loads resulting from solar radiation. Structural health monitoring...

The questions raised about bridge performance are carried out by conducting physical bridge load testing and rating. The outcomes of bridge load testing are widely used to ensure bridge safety for the public when theoretical analysis cannot provide a sufficient conclusion of in-service performance. The research illustrates the load ratings and shea...

Objectives: Since 2018, the workload in the central sterilization services department (CSSD) has intensified as surgeries have increased. The extended operative time among complicated surgical cases has also led to shortages of resterilized surgical instruments. One factor influencing these shortages was inadequate CSSD staff during high workload p...

Landslides are socio-natural hazards. In Colombia, for example, these are the most frequent hazards. The interplay of climate change and the mostly informal growth of cities in high-hazard areas increases the associated risks. Early warning systems (EWSs) are essential for disaster risk reduction, but the monitoring component is often based on expe...

Civilizational populism is readily observable in Turkish politics. This study analyzes how the ruling political parties in Turkey (Islamist JDP and ultra-nationalist NAP) reframe extant civilizational ideas into a populist format to reproduce civilizational populism for ideological and pragmatic reasons. The research implements a two-level analysis...

The object of the study is the analysis of vibrations of buildings on sliding foundations with dry friction, which has a restriction on the movement of the grillage in the horizontal direction, under the action of real earthquakes above 9 points according to MSK-64. To date, dynamic problems with dry friction with restriction of horizontal movement...

To compare the amount of extruded debris caused by different motions using a single-file system. Fifty mandibular first molar teeth were randomized into 5 groups (n = 10) according to the motion tested: Optimize Torque Reverse (OTR), TF Adaptive Motion (TFA), continuous rotation (CR), reciprocation motion (+ 150°, -30°) (REC), and Jeni motion (Jeni...

Purpose: Contemporary medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) still seems to struggle with inconsistent accuracy outcomes. Our objective was to assess surgical accuracy and short-term clinical outcomes when using 3D planning and a patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) kit to prepare customized bone allografts. Methods: Thirty subjec...

In the absence of natural rain, a rainfall simulator offers an excellent opportunity to characterize and correlate the raindrop parameters, which are essential in studying the soil erosivity potential. However, their estimation requires precise instrumentation, which is seldom available. The technique of physically based modeling through empirical...

This paper presents a new flexible compact multi‑modal imaging setup referred to as PEPI (Photon‑counting Edge‑illumination Phase‑contrast imaging) Lab, which is based on the edge‑illumination (EI) technique and a chromatic detector. The system enables both X‑ray phase‑contrast (XPCI) and spectral (XSI) imaging of samples on the centimeter scale. T...

The study developed and validated a task instructional sheet in electrical installation and maintenance for assisting technical teachers seeking to implement problem-based learning in technical colleges. Instrumentation research design was employed in the study. The area of the study was South-South zone of Nigeria. The population of the study is 6...

Background: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SP) is defined as the presence of free air in the mediastinum without a clear precipitating cause. Whilst uncommon and with a relatively benign course, SP is often thoroughly investigated by surgeons as spontaneous oesophageal perforation (Boerhaave’s syndrome) must be identified early due to high morbidit...

Introduction The assessment of bone density has gained significance in recent years due to the aging population. Accurate assessment of bone density is crucial when deciding on the appropriate treatment plan for spinal stabilization surgery. The objective of this work was to determine the trabecular bone density values of the subaxial cervical, tho...

Based on a brief review of forward algorithms for the computation of topographic gravitational and magnetic effects, including spatial, spectral and hybrid-domain algorithms working in either Cartesian or spherical coordinate systems, we introduce a new algorithm, namely the CP-FFT algorithm, for fast computation of terrain-induced gravitational an...

Bridges are strategic infrastructures which are subject to degradation during their lifetime. Therefore, structural health monitoring is becoming an essential tool in this field to drive maintenance activities. Conventional vibration monitoring systems relying on wired sensors present several limitations for continuous monitoring projects on a huge...

Objectives Temperature management is an important aspect of the treatment of critically ill patients. While body temperature is regularly recorded in ICUs, there is variation in measurement location and instrumentation. Additionally, there is currently no standardized temperature at which intervention becomes necessary, nor are there standards for...

Study design: Retrospective review of a prospectively collected national database. Objectives: To determine the association between preoperative serum albumin levels and perioperative adverse events (AEs) following vertebral corpectomy and posterior stabilization for metastatic spine disease. Methods: The 2010 to 2019 American College of Surge...

Across the world, one common feature that unites societies suffering under violent conflict is the experience of trauma. Most commonly, this trauma is understood as a paralyzing force that inhibits its victims of thinking clearly and rationally, creating the need for others, mostly political elites representing these constituencies, to speak out in...

Understanding quantitative research instrumentation is critical for advancing educational research, both theory and practice since it contributes to the accuracy and credibility of research findings (Creswell & Plano Clark, 2017; DeVellis, 2017; Streiner et al., 2014). Using inappropriate or poorly designed instruments can result in inaccurate or u...

Developing research designs and instrumentation in psychological research is essential because the constructs and variables in the discipline are broad and need to be measured by specific instruments. For each instrument developed or adapted, validation such as content validation needs to be conducted. The content validation process includes a read...

Performing accurate and reliable dosimetry in spatially fractionated beams remains a significant challenge due to the steep dose gradients and microscopic scale of features. This results in many conventional detectors and instrumentation being unsuitable for online dosimetry, necessitating frequent offline validation using radiochromic film. In thi...

Construction is a cost intensive and time sensitive process. It is a major economic activity that generates direct as well as indirect employment. Along with the construction, maintenance of the constructed asset is an equally important activity in project life cycle. Maintenance of constructed facility also involves resources, time and cost. It ne...

High performance calorimetry conducted at future hadron colliders, such as the FCC-hh, poses a significant challenge for applying current detector technologies due to unprecedented beam luminosities and radiation fields. Solutions include developing scintillators that are capable of separating events at the sub-fifty picosecond level while also mai...

Ice-penetrating radar sounding is a powerful geophysical tool for studying terrestrial and planetary ice with a rich glaciological heritage reaching back over half a century. Recent years have also seen rapid growth in both the radioglaciological community itself and in the scope and sophistication of its analysis of ice-penetrating radar data. Thi...

Background An increasing number of robotic pancreatoduodenectomies (RPD) are reported, however, questions remain on the number of procedures needed for gaining technical proficiency in RPD. Therefore, we aimed to assess the influence of procedure volume on short-term RPD outcomes and assess the learning curve effect. Methods A retrospective review...

The European Union’s ambition to reach climate neutrality and a toxic-free environment by 2050 entails, among other things, cleaner road vehicles. The European Commission’s proposal for the next regulatory emissions standard, Euro 7, requires the measurement of pollutants currently not regulated on the road. In this study we compared a prototype po...

Purpose: Standalone lateral lumbar interbody fusion (SA-LLIF) without posterior instrumentation can be an alternative to 360° fusion in selected cases. This study aimed to investigate quantitative changes in psoas and paraspinal muscle morphology that occur on index levels after SA-LLIF. Methods: Patients undergoing single- or multi-level SA-LLI...

Background: SimPET-L and SimPET-XL have recently been introduced with increased transaxial fields of view (FOV) compared with their predecessors (SimPET™ and SimPET-X), enabling whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of rats. We conducted performance evaluations of SimPET-L and SimPET-XL and rat-body imaging with SimPET-XL to demons...

Precise drilling and excavation in future Lunar mining sites as well as in building habitats areas will be supported by robotized instrumentation. To ensure accurate positioning of facilities or structures, customized surveying instruments will be used to perform measurements needed for calculating locations of surveyed objects. Precise positioning...

The main objective of this presentation is to explore the power of R&D activities towards development of a new class of sensors which work in purely digital domain and have diverse applications in nuclear facilities, other industries, R&D laboratories and educational institutes. The success in this direction is due to sincere effort with systematic...

The characterization of plasma wakefield acceleration experiments using emitted photons from betatron radiation requires numerical models in support of instrumentation of single-shot, double-differential angular-energy spectra. Precision characterization for relevant experiments necessitates covering a wide energy range extending from tens of keV t...

The aim of this case study was to report a very uncommon and rarely seen, but serious condition, involving spine. Hydatid cyst is caused by Echinococcus granulosus mainly. It is rarely found in spine, lumbar spine is least commonly involved in spine. A 14 years old boy with lower back pain radiating to both lower limbs observed in the hospital. Ass...

This article reports the propagation of gravity waves in the Ionosphere over the west coast of South America (-11.9523954; -76.8757172) as of 01:03 UTC, after the eruption of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano (-20.8229 ; -175.4376) using Ionosonde (VIPIR) (PEZZOPANE and SCOTTO, 2005) and HYSPLIT Modeling for January 15, 2022 (17:00 UTC). It was...

We contribute to the literature on income inequality, by extending existing models to examine the effect of front-end innovation (FEI) on top income inequality. We use a fixed effect panel regression, on annual country-level data for twenty-four emerging markets, over twenty-four (1995–2018) years, and find an insignificant correlation between inco...

The instruction of the four English skills was affected by the interruption of face-to-face classes during the pandemic and the lack of strategies to adequately assume virtuality. Given the situation, different investigations have shown that reading and writing have been the least developed skills in virtual reality. This research focused on the im...

The X-Band All-Sky Survey (X-BASS) is a planned radio astronomy experiment aimed at mapping the sky in both temperature and polarisation. The main purpose of X-BASS is to aid observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) by removing various contaminating foreground emissions present in the galaxy, such as synchrotron and thermal dust emissi...

Purpose To compare the residual range of motion (ROM) of cortical screw (CS) versus pedicle screw (PS) instrumented lumbar segments and the additional effect of transforaminal interbody fusion (TLIF) and cross-link (CL) augmentation. Methods ROM of thirty-five human cadaver lumbar segments in flexion/extension (FE), lateral bending (LB), lateral s...

Infection after spinal instrumentation (IASI) by Cutibacterium spp. is being more frequently reported. The aim of this study was to analyse the incidence, risk factors, clinical characteristics, and outcome of a Cutibacterium spp. IASI (CG) compared with non-Cutibacterium IASI (NCG) infections, with an additional focus on the role of rifampin in th...

This study specifically modeled the influence of gender parity strategies on bank efficiency in Nigeria with a specific focus on the Covid-19 era. Three gender parity strategies considered include accommodation-based strategy, assimilation-based strategy, and leveraging on gender differences strategies. Meanwhile, bank efficiency was measured by co...

Endoscopic Ear surgery is evolving day by day and there is need for constant improvement in terms of instrumentation with efficient, quicker, with clear bloodless surgical field and good postoperative outcome and results. The application of Dr Ahila’s Endoscopic Ear Surgery Chisel and Mallet are presented. This innovation will provide limited and a...

Plain Language Summary Fluid transport by vertically migrating aggregations of plankton has long been explored as a potentially important source of ocean mixing. However, direct evidence of enhanced stirring remains inconclusive as current approaches require a priori knowledge of the precise aggregation location and typically trigger animal avoidan...

Single-molecule FRET (smFRET) has become a widely used tool for probing the structure, dynamics, and functional mechanisms of biomolecular systems, and is extensively used to address questions ranging from biomolecular folding to drug discovery. Investigations by smFRET often require sampling of a large parameter space, for example, by varying one...

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of intracanal Enterococcus faecalis reduction using pediatric rotary (EndoArt Pedo Kit Blue, EasyInSmile X-Baby and Denco Kids), rotary (ProTaper Next) and reciprocating (WaveOne Gold) file systems through microbiological analyses in primary molars. Study Design: Seventy-five mandibular primary s...

Analysis of large segmentally constructed cantilever bridges is a complex task. It runs through all subsystems in the construction history, keeping track of time, dead wight, prestressing, traveling formwork, temporary columns, jacking of cantilevers, etc., and finally through the service life of the bridge. This complexity makes results very hard...

Despite the significance of human development for sustainability, the actual effects of craft-design collaboration on craftspeople have scarcely been discussed. Moreover, despite its wide usage, the meaning of empowerment in design discourse is unclear and its discussions are barely linked to mature ones in other disciplines. In addition, disempowe...

A potentially fatal consequence that can arise from a number of disease processes is intestinal perforation, which is defined as the loss of continuity of the intestine wall. Injury, instrumentation, inflammation, infection, malignancy, ischemia, and blockage are common causes of perforation. To avoid the morbidity, potential death, and systemic af...

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has been considered the Gold-standard for the management of benign gallbladder disease. With increasing surgeon experience and advancement of instrumentations and equipment, LC is approaching continuously toward a more safe and less invasive technique. There is a consensus that drainage should not be co...

The axial-shear-flexural interaction behavior of a double-span steel beam in a column-loss state is a complex phenomenon that demands more explanation. Nowadays, it is common practice to study the column loss scenario of a double-span steel beam using the pushdown method. Generally, two pushdown methods are commonly used: the Monotonic Pushdown For...

Distribution of stress along endodontic instruments determines their fracture resistance during instrumentation of root canals. The cross-sectional design of instruments and root canal anatomy are of the most important factors affecting the stress distribution. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stress distribution in different cross-sec...

The assessment of dynamic performance of large-scale bridges typically relies on the deployment of wired instrumentation systems requiring direct contact with the tested structures. This can obstruct their operation and create unnecessary risks to the involved personnel and equipment. These problems can be readily avoided by using non-contact instr...

The confluence of our ability to handle big data, significant increases in instrumentation density and quality, and rapid advances in machine learning (ML) algorithms have placed Earth Sciences at the threshold of dramatic progress. ML techniques have been attracting increased attention within the seismic community, and, in particular, in microseis...

Introduction: The distinctive social nature of sport in its capacity to promote immigrants' adaptation to the new society has been regarded as a vehicle to cope with adverse mental health outcomes derived from acculturative stress (AS) and feelings of marginalization. However, the evidence on the relationship between sport participation (SP), AS,...

In this work, thermodynamic models based on the corresponding states framework with departure terms are developed for the refrigerant pairs R-32/1234yf, R-32/1234ze(E), R-1234ze(E)/227ea, R-1234yf/152a, and R-125/1234yf. These models are based on new measurements of density, speed of sound, and phase equilibria, combined with the data available in...

The first years of an infant's life represent a sensitive period for neurodevelopment where one can see the emergence of nascent forms of executive function (EF), which are required to support complex cognition. Few tests exist for measuring EF during infancy, and the available tests require painstaking manual coding of infant behaviour. In modern...

Modern quality management is one of the most extended courses in the quality course cluster, the core curriculum of the specialties of measurement and control technology and instrumentation. The course is divided into two main parts: the ISO 9000 standard and the ISO 9001 standard. In view of the growing importance of quality management systems in...

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy/scattering (SERS) has evolved into a popular tool for applications in biology and medicine owing to its ease-of-use, non-destructive, and label-free approach. Advances in plasmonics and instrumentation have enabled the realization of SERS's full potential for the trace detection of biomolecules, disease diagnosti...