Insect - Science topic

Only main difference between the two systems is that the MultiBac system allows for construct assembly using CRE/Lox recombination before Tn7 transposition. The plasmids should be interchangeable.

I have no any study about it.

these are probably no plant parts, including no phytolithes

The PCR result is influenced and inhibited by substances used in DNA isolation. You should pay attention to the concentration of the substances you are using and bring them to the appropriate concentration.

According to this paper, they can be stored for 1 year at -80 and retain the same viability as liquid nitrogen storage. After 1 year there is small decrease in viability.

Xhantogaleruca luteola is ok.

Insects have various clusters of chemical receptors around their mouths (best studied in silkworms). If you were to alter which receptors were where you could change what the insect would try to feed on.

Dear Ali, I recommend you be more specific in your questions. Are you looking for a methodology to help you study Galleria mellonella at the cellular and molecular levels? Or do you need help designing an experiment including feeding plastic and sampling the 10^th generation of wax moths?

what about the Lepidoptere Phyllonorycter platani?

There are different types of life tables and different terms are used. Many life tables do not include reproduction...they might just follow a single generation through time. But when they do ... mx is another (generally older) term for fx, both are usually defined as the stage or age- specific fecundity. Normally if you can rear the insect then determine the average no. of eggs oviposited per female over their life span. In that case fx (or mx) would equal the fecundity over that full life stage. You could record eggs produced for each day, as was done for Medfly for example, such that f1 = eggs produced on day 1, f2= eggs produced on day 2, etc... mx was the original term for egg production or fecundity. fx is used in matrix models and in more recent life tables that can be readily modeled using matrix methods.

This mite is the larva of a terrestrial Parasitengona. Most likely a Leptus from its flask-shaped gnathosoma, although that's somewhat speculative (it's a little hard to see for sure). The terrestrial Parasitengona is very diverse and still has many undescribed species. Almost all of them are parasites as larvae. This one is probably engorged and has dropped off its host unless, of course, you removed it from a host arthropod.

See paper below in Journal of Horticultural Science:

J. Rodrigo & M. Herrero: Evaluation of pollination as the cause of erratic fruit set in apricot ‘Moniqui’ https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.1996.11515461

Depends if you want to use long or short reads. There are facilities like the Sanger Institute that do the sequencing. As for the assembly of the reference genome, there are pipelines (eg. ). Usually you need about 3 micrograms of high quality DNA. Your model being an insect should not change anything once you have performed the DNA extraction step. Maybe ask around your own university or nearby ones if any of the labs have an Illumina sequencing platform.

Technically you can use transposases from other sources but it might have a lower transposition efficiency. The restricted use is purely because of IP so you should check which countries they have their patents enforced in. The lack of the ARS is probably to stop the plasmid replicating in transfected cells so it is quickly lost after transfection. The documentation for the plasmid indicates it has a conditional origin of replication.

This should work ok, but I'd include an insect specific protease inhibitor cocktail and then snap freeze fast, maybe with LN2. Controls are also , of course, a very good idea! Good Luck!

Dear Dr.Nicolò M. Villa,

you can search about the ability of Black solider fly to digest such substrate "phytic acid" which plants enriched with such acid, as I know Black solider fly larvae their gut microbiome has the ability to digest such substrate.

Eocanthecona furcellata is predator and Stink Bug (Nezara viridula) or Southern green Stink Bug is pest and they are they all are Pentatomid bugs.

We can easily recognize with their appearances.

Eocanthecona furcellata eggs are golden and they turn red when they nearly hatch.

Nezara viridula eggs are white

Eocanthecona Furcellata egg

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Nezara viridula egg

The rostrum of Eocanthecona furcellata adult and nymph are bigger than their antenna

The rostrum of Nezara viridula adult and nymph are the same as their antenna

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Dear Priya,

CCA (Canonical Correspondence Analysis) is a powerful multivariate technique that can be used to investigate the relationship between species (in this case, different orders of insects) and environmental variables (in this case, soil physical-chemical parameters). PAST (Paleontological Statistics) is a software package that can perform CCA and other multivariate analyses.

To use CCA in PAST, you must organize your data in a specific format. It would be best to have a matrix or data frame with the insect order (species) as rows and the soil physical-chemical parameters as columns. The values in the matrix should be the abundance or occurrence of each insect order in each soil sample.

You should also ensure that the data is adequately transformed to meet the assumptions of CCA. For example, you should use a log transformation if the data is skewed. Also, you should ensure the data has been standardized (mean = 0, standard deviation = 1) before performing the analysis.

Once your data is in the appropriate format, you can use PAST to perform the CCA analysis.

To draw a biplot graph in PAST, use the "Ordination" option, then select "CCA." Once the analysis is completed, you can use the "Graph" option to create the biplot graph. The biplot graph will show the relationship between the insect orders and the soil physical-chemical parameters on the ordination space.

It's important to note that CCA assumes that the environmental variables (soil physical-chemical parameters) are independent, so if there is a correlation between the variables, it's better to use PCA (Principal component analysis) or RDA (Redundancy analysis) before running the CCA.

It's also essential to make sure that the data meet the assumptions of the CCA, such as linearity and normality, and the data should be transformed if the premise is unmet.

It's also essential to consult with experts in the field or consult the literature to have more information about the recent developments in the area and also the interpretation of the results.

I hope I was able to answer your question.

Yours sincerely,

Edgar M Cambaza

Most probably Vietomorpha cf. foveipenne (Fairmaire). Tenebrionidae Spediini Salem Busais

Thank you so much, dear Geis.

It is not possible to accurately identify the family, genus, or species of a diptera (a group of insects including flies, mosquitoes, and midges) based on the stomach content of a Lepomis gibbosus (pumpkinseed sunfish). In order to accurately identify a diptera, it is necessary to examine the physical characteristics of the insect, such as its size, shape, color, and specific morphological features.

To identify a diptera, you will need to collect a specimen and observe it using a microscope or other specialized equipment. You can then compare the characteristics of the insect to those of known diptera species in order to determine its identity. Alternatively, you can consult a taxonomic reference or seek the assistance of a diptera expert who has the knowledge and expertise to identify the insect.

I hope this information is helpful! Let me know if you have any further questions.

Yes, population structure analysis can be performed using internal transcribed spacers (ITS) instead of SSRs. ITS are regions of non-coding DNA between the 16S and 23S ribosomal RNA genes. They are commonly used in population genetics studies because they can be sequenced quickly and provide a good measure of genetic differentiation between populations.

The cubital index is a measure of the relative length of the cubital vein, which is a vein located in the forewing of a honeybee. The cubital index is calculated by dividing the length of the cubital vein by the length of the wing and expressing the result as a percentage.

The cubital index is used as a morphological character in the identification and classification of honeybee subspecies and populations. It has been found that the cubital index can vary significantly among different honeybee subspecies and populations, with some subspecies having a relatively long cubital vein and others having a relatively short one.

There is some evidence to suggest that the cubital index may be related to the foraging behavior of honeybees. Some studies have found that honeybees with a higher cubital index may be more efficient at foraging and more successful at finding food resources, while those with a lower cubital index may be less efficient at foraging.

In addition to its use in the identification and classification of honeybees, the cubital index may also have practical applications in the management of honeybee colonies. For example, some beekeepers may use the cubital index as a tool for selecting bees with desirable foraging traits for breeding purposes.

You are using count data so I suggest that you read the attached R information. I'm also attaching a paper of ours that uses similar methods for binomial data that may be of some help to you. If you have questions please ask. Best wishes David Booth

So you are short three trees. You must have another three ways to root the tree.

iTs a fly diptera

Thank you James and Firas for you suggestions.

Do you have access to gas/ liquid chromatographer and mass spectrometer? If yes, you need to extract the leaves and seeds in a HP(polar for HPLC and non-polar for GC) and run the extract on HPLC-MS or GC-MS. Terpenoids are mostly non-polar so GC and GC-MS is probably a better bet for you than HPLC.

While I do not have a specific product to recommend, the company Exacto, located in the Chicago area is adept at creating and formulating surfactants and adjuvants. They may even have a branded product in the market that would be perfect for your needs.

Contact info below:

RDI Director | Exacto®, Inc.

P:+1-920-287-8117

The idea that organic farming represents a low yield and solution is erred.

The Rodale Institute Farming Systems Trial show that comparative yield using strictly organic biological based inputs is completely competitve to agrichemical reliance.

As furth example I would take the case of potato farming which has enormous ability to provide nutrition directly to consumers. Commercial potato farmers have become major users of compost in order to increase both the yield and quality of potatoes.

The hungry potato crop responds very positively to compost and rotation which are core organic practices allowing both high yields and reduced use of pesticides.

The idea that pesticides and fertilizers guarantee high yield and stable production is flawed.

After a 3-year transition to organic agriculture the Rodale Institute has shown there is no significant reduction in yield and in years of drought the organic systems improve yields over conventional agriculture.

The reliance of solely the use of agrichemical inputs increases farmer costs but biological inputs can avoid their side effects and lead to high more stable production of maize, soybean and wheat which are major field crops in North America.

The use of organic agriculture techniques reduces the carbon foot footprint of the production systems and the ability to increase soil carbon and nitrogen not only counteracts need for synthetic inputs but also contribute to counterbalancing the enrichment of atmospheric greenhouse gases,

You can get your answer in this article

Trichobothria are very long, fine hair-like setae, that probably respond to air movement. They can be found on the antennae in most species, and on the nota of Lepismatidae where the arrangement of the trichobothrial areas is taxonomically useful (see work of Luis Mendes)

Black bean aphid is the sucking pest which sucks the cell sap from the plant parts resulting yellowing, curling, wilting, and finally death of the entire plant. Similarly they also aids to transmit viral disease which results change in the texture of the plant and its part.

The larvae attack the plant, especially the bases of the leaves, and burrow into them, which leads to yellowing of the plant, pallor and poor production. Severe infestation leads to permanent wilting, and the plant can be easily uprooted and an unpleasant odor appears as a result of rotting.

Now a days, it's a global organic movement. Organic crops, organic food etc.etc. There is plenty of scope for organic culture. It's less toxic than synthetic/pure agrochemicals. Organic agrochemicals (pesticides/ fertilizers) are the byproducts of the living organisms and metabolizes very easily with less side effects. As far as market is concerned, sky is the limit. Organic does not mean genetically modified. Not at all. GM food/ crop have lots of delayed side effects may be in next or next to next generation. Every time I have used the word less toxic, because nothing is safe. There is no word "SAFE" in toxicology.

hey did you find any dataset about insects on rice plants

Yes, of course you can use the Beauveria bassiana to control Guvava Bark borer.

-The B. bassiana parasitizes a very wide range of arthropod hosts (infecting different types of invertebrates: insects: Thrips, White fly,Termites, Stem borers, Beetles, Guava Bark borer, Colorado potato beetle, Moth, Corn borer, Caterpillars, Root weevil etc.).

- B. bassiana can be very virulent when applied in optimal conditions, using the right mixing and application techniques. for example, apply B. bassiana in the late afternoon, in the evening or on a rainy day. For best results in applying B. bassiana : you need applying early when the larvae first stage, also used as prevention rather than a cure (apply where you see pests directly), but B. bassiana spores are very sensitive to UV rays.

Wen Liu is it required to use medium supplemented with 20% FBS when subculturing the culture or we use it only in the first step?

Agreed with Dong. Just search in NCBI and count it.

By taxonomic characters for example the order of Lepidoptera includes butterflies

The diptera order include flies

The hymenoptera order includes bees, wasps, hornets and ants

Coleoptera includes bettles

Dear Jinan, thanks for your answer, that is good to know! Which species are those? Just in general whatever is attacking ornamental plants? Are there some dominant species? Greetings, Lukas

thank you!

Best wishes

As friends and professors have said, one of the best ways is to use alternative gas, where hydrogen and nitrogen can be the best choices.These articles can help you in this way

Great question. I have gone through the same issue while laying baited pitfall traps and have sadly captured reptiles in the trap, along with my study group of beetles. Please do checkout the discussion thread here for some ideas : https://www.researchgate.net/post/How-to-prevent-that-small-vertebrata-get-caught-in-regular-soil-pitfall-traps

I would also recommend you to go through the methodology followed by where their intent was to capture small vertebrates but exclude larger predators like mammals? Might be useful.

If the container is made of plastic, drill a small hole in the the upper part such that the liquid will flow out of the container but the insect will be retained. Alternatively, install a "roof" (we used painted plywood) such that the rain will be deflected and will not enter the container. The roof will also prevent the liquid to evaporate quickly.

Hi Márton,

It looks very similar to Alienopterix smidovae Hinkelman, 2021, this genus is tentatively included in Umenocoleidae, a enigmatic family within Dictyoptera.

Further reading:

Vršanský P, Sendi H, Hinkelman J, Hain M. 2021. Alienopterix Mlynský et al., 2018 complex in North Myanmar amber supports Umenocoleoidea/ae status. Biologia

Luo C, Beutel RG, Engel MS, Liang K, Li L, et al. 2022. Life history and evolution of the enigmatic Cretaceous–Eocene Alienopteridae: A critical review. Earth-Science Reviews 225: 103914

Luo C-H, Beutel RG, Thomson UR, Zheng D-R, Li J-H, et al. 2021. Beetle or roach: systematic position of the enigmatic Umenocoleidae based on new material from Zhonggou Formation in Jiuquan, Northwest China, and a morphocladistic analysis. Palaeoworld 31: 121–30

Hope it helps.

Best wishes,

Cihang

maybe this article will help you

Regards, Sergey

Dear Babu Kes

The software product will suit you Aidos-X. It is written for entomologists. Many articles are devoted to ground beetles. If you have any questions write.

Regards, Sergey

Kindly check the following RG link in which a representative strain collection of dominant aerobic bacteria from black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens, BSFL) has been established:

The problem comes from difficulties of the software to recognize the correct exponential phase. This point needs to be estimated to determine the range of the baseline fluorescence, which is subtracted from the curve. In your case, the software seems to wrongly interpret some early signal increase as he exponential phase. You can solve this problem by adjusting the settings for background correction. You should at least be able to manually define the range of cycles from which the baseline fluorescence should be estimated (should be about 3-19 or 12-19 to exclude the "problematic" region in the early cycles).

For the DNA encoding any locust candidate protein of interest, you can perform a BLASTn search in NCBI to see if any part of it has homology to human genes: Nucleotide BLAST: Search nucleotide databases using a nucleotide query (nih.gov)

The elongation and spreading are the properties of normal and healthy cells under tissue culture conditions. Since you have recovered these cells from a cryo-stock and supplemented Grace's medium with 10% FBS and Pen/Strep, the cells of your concern are happily growing in the culture flask. I could see some other cells that are spreading, widening and getting attached to the flask and must be having focal adhesion points on the bottom of the flask. These functions of the cells are markers of normal and healthy culture conditions indicating the availability of sufficient amount of nutrients and growth factors in the culture medium.

One the other hand, if there is shortage of nutrients and growth factors in the culture medium due to large number of cells in confluent conditions, cells feel stressed and then loos spreading-elongation & adhesion properties thats why you do not see these features in cells under confluent conditions. Cells, in order to protect from the stress insult and increase the possibility of survival, they tend to become rounded in order to minimize the surface area and thereby stress insult.

Hence, it is neither contamination not your cells are unhappy. These are the sign of healthy cells getting nutrients and growth factors in the culture medium and are really happy. So be happy.

For more details, you can see our original research publication in Journal of Cellular Biochemistry. The link is given below:

Modulation of a5b1 Integrin Functions by the Phospholipid and Cholesterol Contents of Cell Membranes. .J Cell Biochem 2000 Apr;77(4):517-28.

Best

Thanks Chen - Digging further, I did get another possible place:

I looked into my ancient records: I got mine from Lonza Inc. It's called DANTOIN 739 there, and a search for that might give you some more paths to follow.

Best wishes, Owen.

Rakesh Davella , Oplodontha viridula doesn't occur in India. According to morphology and distribution, this is a female of Oplodontha rubrithorax, as I mentioned above. Please check the following paper:

Please look at the following below links which may help you in your analysis:

Thanks

Also check please the following useful RG link:

Tyler Chafin thank you very much !

Number of generation depend on the life cycle start from egg. the time period of one generation starts till the mortality of the insect.It mean one generation include egg, different larval period and adult longevity.

Tamara: And if Ruben's suggestions have not helped, describe the species (leaving "type locality unknown") to make other students aware of its existence: maybe it turns out to be already present in some collection but either unidentified or misidentified; or hopefully somebody, knowing what to look for, will find and colect it.

According to the international code of zoological nomenclature names ending with idae is a family name. Earlier Trichogramma was in the family Braconidae. Hence. It is far Way from. Insect order level. It is still in the order Hymenopyeta.

kindly see:

ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Insect Sci., 16 June 2021 | https://doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2021.693168

Fat and Happy: Profiling Mosquito Fat Body Lipid Storage and Composition Post-blood Meal

📷Matthew Pinch1*, 📷Soumi Mitra1, 📷Stacy D. Rodriguez1, 📷Yiyi Li2, 📷Yashoda Kandel1, 📷Barry Dungan3, 📷F. Omar Holguin3, 📷Geoffrey M. Attardo4 and 📷Immo A. Hansen1

In the upper picture, in my opinion, a diptera from the family Syrphidae

Hello everyone!

Thank you very much for all your answers!

I found an answer on EOL (Encyclopedia of Life) : Dahlbom didn't create a holotype when he described the species in 1850.

According to EOL, in 1937, Ossiannilsson decided to create the holotype for Psammotettix confinis (conserved at Carices I Rohne, in Sweden). The type is a male.

Thank you for interesting thoughts that will stimulate research on this difficult topic.

Regards, Sergey

You are most welcome dear

Dr Maria Paz

Wish you the best always.

Depends on the country and culture. Unlikely in Brazil. Most likely in China.

Follow the procedure given by Brent & Dolezal, 2009

Dear Amit,

What can be seen from the photo seems to be a dune or desert cricket from the family schizodactylidae, the genus Schizodactylus. They mainly inhabit arid sandy areas.

Best, Elaheh