Innovation - Science topic

How to create a system of digital, universal labelling of different types of works, texts, texts, photos, publications, graphics, videos, innovations, patents, etc. performed by artificial intelligence and not by humans, i.e. works whose legal, ethical, moral, business, security qualification .... etc. should be different for what is the product of artificial intelligence?

Two days earlier, in an earlier post, I started a discussion on the question of the necessity of improving the security of the development of artificial intelligence technology and asked the following questions: how should the system of institutional control of the development of advanced artificial intelligence models and algorithms be structured, so that this development does not get out of control and lead to negative consequences that are currently difficult to foresee? Should the development of artificial intelligence be subject to control? And if so, who should exercise this control? How should an institutional system for controlling the development of artificial intelligence applications be built? Why are the creators of leading technology companies developing ICT, Internet technologies, Industry 4.0, including those developing artificial intelligence technologies, etc. now calling for the development of this technology to be periodically, deliberately slowed down, so that the development of artificial intelligence technology is fully under control and does not get out of hand? On the other hand, while continuing my reflections on the indispensability of improving the security of the development of artificial intelligence technology, analysing the potential risks of the dynamic and uncontrolled development of this technology, I hereby propose to continue my deliberations on this issue and invite you to participate in a discussion aimed at identifying the key determinants of building an institutional control system for the development of artificial intelligence, including the development of advanced models composed of algorithms similar or more advanced to the ChatGPT 4.0 system developed by the OpenAI company and available on the Internet. It is necessary to normatively regulate a number of issues related to artificial intelligence, both the issue of developing advanced models composed of algorithms that form artificial intelligence systems; posting these technological solutions in open access on the Internet; enabling these systems to carry out the process of self-improvement through automated learning of new content, knowledge, information, abilities, etc.; building an institutional system of control over the development of artificial intelligence technology and current and future applications of this technology in various fields of activity of people, companies, enterprises, institutions, etc. operating in different sectors of the economy. Recently, realistic-looking photos of well-known, highly recognisable people, including politicians, presidents of states in unusual situations, which were created by artificial intelligence, have appeared on the Internet on online social media sites. What has already appeared on the Internet as a kind of 'free creativity' of artificial intelligence, creativity both in terms of the creation of 'fictitious facts' in descriptions of events that never happened, in descriptions created as an answer to a question posed for the ChatGPT system, and in terms of photographs of 'fictitious events', already indicates the potentially enormous scale of disinformation currently developing on the Internet, and this is thanks to the artificial intelligence systems whose products of 'free creativity' find their way onto the Internet. With the help of artificial intelligence, in addition to texts containing descriptions of 'fictitious facts', photographs depicting 'fictitious events', it is also possible to create films depicting 'fictitious events' in cinematic terms. All of these creations of 'free creation' by artificial intelligence can be posted on social media and, in the formula of viral marketing, can spread rapidly on the Internet and can thus be a source of serious disinformation realised potentially on a large scale. Dangerous opportunities have therefore arisen for the use of technology to generate disinformation about, for example, a competitor company, enterprise, institution, organisation or individual. Within the framework of building an institutional control system for the development of artificial intelligence technology, it is necessary to take into account the issue of creating a digital, universal marking system for the various types of works, texts, photos, publications, graphics, films, innovations, patents, etc. performed by artificial intelligence and not by humans, i.e. works whose legal, ethical, moral, business, security qualification ..., should be different for what is the product of artificial intelligence. It is therefore necessary to create a system of digital, universal labelling of the various types of works, texts, photos, publications, graphics, videos, etc., made by artificial intelligence and not by humans. The only issue for discussion is therefore how this should be done.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Deep sea is the process of retrieving mineral deposits from the deep seabed – the ocean below 200m.

Is it necessary with the actual advancement in technologies? And the increasing need for more mineral ressources ?

It's beneficiary? Or too risky?

The fourth technological revolution currently underway is characterised by rapidly advancing ICT information technologies and Industry 4.0, including but not limited to technologies learning machines, deep learning, artificial intelligence. Machine learning, machine learning, machine self-learning or machine learning systems are all synonymous terms relating to the field of artificial intelligence with a particular focus on algorithms that can improve themselves, improving automatically through the action of an experience factor within exposure to large data sets. Algorithms operating within the framework of machine learning build a mathematical model of data processing from sample data, called a learning set, in order to make predictions or decisions without being programmed explicitely by a human to do so. Machine learning algorithms are used in a wide variety of applications, such as spam protection, i.e. filtering internet messages for unwanted correspondence, or image recognition, where it is difficult or infeasible to develop conventional algorithms to perform the needed tasks. Deep learning is a kind of subcategory of machine learning, which involves the creation of deep neural networks, i.e. networks with multiple levels of neurons. Deep learning techniques are designed to improve, among other things, automatic speech processing, image recognition and natural language processing. The structure of deep neural networks consists of multiple layers of artificial neurons. Simple neural networks can be designed manually so that a specific layer detects specific features and performs specific data processing, while learning consists of setting appropriate weights, significance levels, value system for components of specific issues defined on the basis of processing and learning from large amounts of data. In large neural networks, the deep learning process is automated and self-contained to a certain extent. In this situation, the network is not designed to detect specific features, but detects them on the basis of the processing of appropriately labelled data sets. Both such datasets and the operation of neural networks themselves should be prepared by specialists, but the features are already detected by the programme itself. Therefore, large amounts of data can be processed and the network can automatically learn higher-level feature representations, which means that they can detect complex patterns in the input data. In view of the above, deep learning systems are built on Big Data Analytics platforms built in such a way that the deep learning process is performed on a sufficiently large amount of data. Artificial intelligence, denoted by the acronym AI (artificial intelligence), is respectively the 'intelligent', multi-criteria, advanced, automated processing of complex, large amounts of data carried out in a way that alludes to certain characteristics of human intelligence exhibited by thought processes. As such, it is the intelligence exhibited by artificial devices, including certain advanced ICT and Industry 4.0 information technology systems and devices equipped with these technological solutions. The concept of artificial intelligence is contrasted with the concept of natural intelligence, i.e. that which pertains to humans. In view of the above, artificial intelligence thus has two basic meanings. On the one hand, it is a hypothetical intelligence realised through a technical rather than a natural process. On the other hand, it is the name of a technology and a research field of computer science and cognitive science that also draws on the achievements of psychology, neurology, mathematics and philosophy. In computer science and cognitive science, artificial intelligence also refers to the creation of models and programmes that simulate at least partially intelligent behaviour. Artificial intelligence is also considered in the field of philosophy, within which a theory is developed concerning the philosophy of artificial intelligence. In addition, artificial intelligence is also a subject of interest in the social sciences. The main task of research and development work on the development of artificial intelligence technology and its new applications is the construction of machines and computer programmes capable of performing selected functions analogously to those performed by the human mind functioning with the human senses, including processes that do not lend themselves to numerical algorithmisation. Such problems are sometimes referred to as AI-difficult and include such processes as decision-making in the absence of all data, analysis and synthesis of natural languages, logical reasoning also referred to as rational reasoning, automatic proof of assertions, computer logic games e.g. chess, intelligent robots, expert and diagnostic systems, among others. Artificial intelligence can be developed and improved by integrating it with the areas of machine learning, fuzzy logic, computer vision, evolutionary computing, neural networks, robotics and artificial life. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have been developing rapidly in recent years, which is determined by its combination with other Industry 4.0 technologies, the use of microprocessors, digital machines and computing devices characterised by their ever-increasing capacity for multi-criteria processing of ever-increasing amounts of data, and the emergence of new fields of application. Recently, the development of artificial intelligence has become a topic of discussion in various media due to the open-access, automated and AI-enabled solution ChatGPT, with which Internet users can have a kind of conversation. The solution is based and learns from a collection of large amounts of data extracted in 2021 from specific data and information resources on the Internet. The development of artificial intelligence applications is so rapid that it is ahead of the process of adapting regulations to the situation. The new applications being developed do not always generate exclusively positive impacts. These potentially negative effects include the potential for the generation of disinformation on the Internet, information crafted using artificial intelligence, not in line with the facts and disseminated on social media sites. This raises a number of questions regarding the development of artificial intelligence and its new applications, the possibilities that will arise in the future under the next generation of artificial intelligence, the possibility of teaching artificial intelligence to think, i.e. to realise artificial thought processes in a manner analogous or similar to the thought processes realised in the human mind.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In the current fast-changing reality, the era of the fourth or fifth technological revolution, the rapid emergence of new research concepts, new technologies, new proposals for solving certain problems, the search for ideas for new startups, the development of new socio-economic trends, new fashion trends for certain solutions, new ideas, etc., it is not easy to come up with, create, formulate an interesting, up-to-date, forward-looking, unconventional, novel, creative, innovative thesis topic. Therefore, it is important for lecturers and thesis supervisors to use certain incentives, motivators to select or independently formulate an interesting, current, future-oriented, unconventional, innovative, creative, innovative topic for the thesis, bachelor's thesis, master's thesis and/or doctoral thesis.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

And what is your opinion on this topic?

And what is your opinion about it?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In my opinion, it makes sense to create a new generation of something similar to ChatGPT, which will use databases built exclusively on the basis of continuously updated data, information, objectively verified knowledge resources, and which will use exclusively those Internet databases, knowledge bases, portals and websites that individual Internet users themselves will select, define, define. This kind of solution, which would allow personalization of the functionality of such generative artificial intelligence systems, would significantly increase its functionality for individual users, Internet users, citizens. In addition, the scale of innovative solutions for practical applications of such personalized intelligent systems for analyzing content and data contained in selected specific Internet resources would increase significantly.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Counting on your opinions, on getting to know your personal opinion, on a fair approach to the discussion of scientific issues, I deliberately used the phrase "in your opinion" in the question.

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Since the start of the COVID-19 Pandemic, many governments and private organizations allocated large sums of money to fund projects dealing with various areas related to this virus. The vaccine is the most prominent area but detection, caring and monitoring of the patients revealed that the current medical equipment is not adequate and sufficient. Are these funding going to lead to invention or innovation? have you seen any report of innovation in medical technology in your community?

What kinds of problems did healthcare workers experience using protective equipment during the COVID-19 outbreak?

What kind of problems did the healthcare professionals experience regarding the supply of materials during the treatment and care of the patient during the covid-19 outbreak?

Have nurses used innovative practices in care? Could you share the innovation examples in nursing used in this process?

During the COVID-19 epidemic, nurses working in a hospital setting may be physically, mentally, socially, ethically, etc. what kind of problems does he have?

We need your scientific research and help with the answers to these questions in order to share them with healthcare nurses.

I do not see other way out of this inmense crisis within the European Union. Neither MEDE, nor Eurobonds. From an overlapping generations perspective, with children and young people (who have probability quasi-zero of being infected) being forced to stop their lives and careers, we mid-age and mature people are the ones who must bear the cost of the COVID-crisis. And this means inflation (never debt). Therefore, direct monetization of aid for the shock and partial debt relief. And then, a re-europeization of the investment flows (yes, protectionism) with a strong industrial policy direction in mind.

I am conscious of the asymetric international effects of the shock within the european partners. But, either we together, and in the current generation, bear the whole cost in the form of inflation, or our legacy for future generations (within an already highly leveraged framework) is conmdemned to a Euro-collapse in 15 years. What do you think?

Hi all,

Can you tell us how COVID 19 has triggered most of the innovative processes in the public and private sectors during this period of uncertainty? and from the non-profit sector? in your country?

In the current era of rapidly developing information technology, the technology of Industry 4. 0, the era of the fourth or perhaps already fifth technological revolution, in the situation of rapidly developing artificial intelligence technologies, building more and more perfect robots and androids, which, equipped with artificial intelligence, can perform a variety of activities until recently performed only by humans and until recently widely recognized as such, which only humans can perform, many new concepts are emerging, full of admiration for the modern technology of new applications of artificial intelligence, but also many new or well-known for many years but now growing in importance concerns about the development of artificial intelligence, including concerns about the consideration of the possibility in the future that the development of artificial intelligence will escape human control. In the context of, on the one hand, admiration and, on the other hand, concerns about the effects and directions of artificial intelligence development in the future, new intriguing questions are emerging. New questions, which, having the character of intriguing questions, activating creative reflection, motivating critical thinking, play a special role in the development of science. For example, this kind of question:

Imagine the situation that a new different but much more perfect version of something similar to ChatGPT is built, for which each person can ask only one question, what would this question be like?

Does this question have such a character, does it activate creative reflection, does it motivate critical thinking? I hope it does.

Please give an example of a question you would ask for a built new much more perfect version of something similar to ChatGPT, for which each person could ask only one question.

Please answer,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

What was unique in tech at the universities of Berkeley or Stanford in comparison to the Ivy League universities on the east coast?

Was it the liberal atmosphere of the 70s in California?

Was it defense spending from nearby sources?

How come the computer industry took off in California?

Legislative state reasons?

Geography, close to Asian markets?

Why did the ecosystem not evolve in Boston, New Jersey, Philadelphia, or Chicago?

Cherish research paper links.

I have been experimenting with machine learning in JavaScript, please, let me know also your experience! 😎🤗😍

In attachment a preprint!

New ideas, new concepts in science and art arise as a result of human creativity, innovation, emotional intelligence, the need for self-realization, the need to be appreciated by other people.

These are the values at the very top of Maslov's pyramid. Human higher needs arose through the evolution of human consciousness and intelligence under conditions of multi-generational development of sociobiological and psychosocial determinants.

On the other hand, artificial intelligence is being developed, which will probably be used in various fields of technological information services, including multi-criteria, based on complex data processing algorithms.

In view of the above, the current question is: Can innovations be or can be created by artificial intelligence or only by man?

Please, answer, comments.

I invite you to the discussion.

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

My Organization implemented a formal innovation process two years ago, but unfortunately, only a few colleagues have participated in our innovation lab, with ideas for new services or new processes.

The critical point is our innovation culture, how to assess it, and how to act on the specific areas that will make a difference and will change our innovation culture in the near future

Among the various factors of technological and developmental advantage of individual countries in terms of international comparisons, the possession of advanced technologies, including biotechnology, green energy technologies but also new ICT information technologies and technologies typical of the current fourth technological revolution, Industry 4.0 technologies, stands out. The possession of these technologies determines the possibilities for the development of many industries, including the manufacture of products that are increasingly produced as highly technological products equipped with, for example, microchips.

Microchips are no longer used only in computers, laptops, PDAs, tablets, smartphones, supercomputers built in research centres and further types of highly technological products, but also in white goods, consumer electronics, TV, motor vehicles, including cars, aircraft, military equipment, etc. and, more recently, in systems based on artificial intelligence being built and developed. Microchip production is associated with certain determinants for the development of other economic sectors as well. The production of microchips is a highly energy-intensive process. Therefore, it is also necessary to develop new, renewable and emission-free energy sources to supply electricity to, among other things, microchip production processes.

Currently, there are aspirations and research in many countries to identify opportunities for the development of advanced ICT and/or to create the conditions for the creation of a kind of next "Silicon Valley", including microchip manufacturing companies. As in the case of other industries, so in the case of new ICT information technologies and Industry 4.0, the key factors determining the possibility of building new companies producing advanced microchips include such basic categories of capital as financial capital, possession of research and development centres, science centres generating also the intellectual capital of the staff of employees, possession of modern lines and machine parks produced mainly by domestic industries, generating technological and production capital, with which industrial plants and companies included in technological sectors are equipped. However, this is not all that is required to build a thriving sort of new, next "Silicon Valley" and to be able to be at the forefront of the new ICT information technologies, Prezmysł 4.0, including the production of highly technological microchips. Perhaps among the mentioned key determinants of the development of technology companies are new specific business models, new styles of management, personnel management and motivation to create technological innovations. In addition, perhaps the key factors determining the development of technology companies should also include a highly economically efficient mix of flexible pro-development economic policies, including policies to support the development of science, scientific research, the development of research and development centres, policies to develop innovation; systemically developed highly efficient corruption-free financial support programmes from the state's public finance system; a friendly economic policy for the development of innovative startups; modern ownership models and shareholding structures of technology companies, research institutes and research and development centres, etc.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

The above text is entirely my own work written by me on the basis of my research.

I have not used other sources or automatic text generation systems such as ChatGPT in writing this text.

Copyright by Dariusz Prokopowicz

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

I have panel data comprises 5 cross sections across 14 independent variables. the data time series part is 10 years. while I run the panel data model for pooled OLS and FE model it gives results while for Random effect model it shows error as RE estimation required number of cross-section>number of coefficients for between estimators for estimation of RE innovation variance. Can anyone help me how to get the results for Random effect model?

The development of innovation and entrepreneurship, including the effective development of innovative startups using new technologies in business, is among the key determinants of a country's economic development. Among the important factors supporting the development of innovativeness and entrepreneurship, apart from system facilitations, a favourable tax system, low interest rates on investment loans, available non-refundable financial subsidies, there is also the issue of the possibility of implementing new technologies, including Industry 4. 0, including, but not limited to, technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning and Big Data Analytics, Internet of Things, digital twins, multi-criteria simulation models, cloud computing, robots, horizontal and vertical data system integration, additive manufacturing, Blockchain, smart technologies, etc., can be helpful in the process of improving the management of economic entities, including service companies, manufacturing enterprises and innovative start-ups. These information technologies and Industry 4.0 can also help to improve Business Intelligence used in business management. The key issue is the proper combination of applied Industry 4.0 technologies to create computerised platforms supporting the processes of managing both the current, operational functioning of economic entities and in the processes of forecasting the determinants of the development of companies and enterprises, in the creation of forecasting models of simulation of development for a specific economic entity, which may also be an innovative start-up. In recent years, attempts have been made in larger business entities, corporations, financial institutions, including commercial banks, to create computerised Business Intelligence analytical platforms improved through a combination of applied technologies such as machine learning, deep learning and a specific generation of artificial intelligence applied to Big Data Analytics platforms. Such processes for improving Business Intelligence analytical platforms are carried out in order to support the management of the effective operation and development of a commercially operating specific business entity. Therefore, in a situation where specific financial resources are available to create analogous Business Intelligence analytical platforms, it is possible to apply an analogous solution to support the management of the effective operation and development of a commercially functioning specific innovative start-up.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

And what is your opinion on this topic?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Lien du formulaire (version française) : https://forms.gle/p4aFm8m1qyPcmT3Z7

Lien du formulaire (version anglaise) :https://forms.gle/hhfcMWXNEzK5nJFG9

Bonjour à toutes et tous !

Dans le cadre de ma maîtrise en génie de la construction au sein de l'Ecole de technologie supérieure (ETS) de Montréal, je réalise un projet d'application sur l'innovation et le développement durable afin de répondre à la problématique :

" L' innovation est-elle compatible avec le développement durable dans le secteur de la construction ? »

Au travers d'un questionnaire qui vous prendra quelques minutes, je sollicite votre avis en tant que professionnel du secteur de la construction, quelque soit votre niveau d’expérience. Cela me permettra d'obtenir un échantillon représentatif afin d'enrichir mon projet ainsi que mes axes de réflexions.

N'hésitez pas également à liker et à partager cette publication. Un grand merci par avance pour votre coopération !

Lien du formulaire : https://forms.gle/p4aFm8m1qyPcmT3Z7

Hello everyone!

As part of my master's degree in construction engineering at the Ecole de technologie supérieure (ETS) in Montreal, I am doing an application project on innovation and sustainable development in order to answer the question:

"Is innovation compatible with sustainable development in the construction sector?"

Through a questionnaire that will take you a few minutes, I am asking for your opinion as a professional in the construction sector, whatever your level of experience. This will allow me to obtain a representative sample in order to enrich my project as well as my lines of thought.

Please feel free to like and share this publication. Thank you in advance for your cooperation!

Link to the form (French version): https://forms.gle/p4aFm8m1qyPcmT3Z7

Link to the form (English version): https://forms.gle/hhfcMWXNEzK5nJFG9

How not to stop wondering what is happening? Happy to learn about techniques, proposed lifestyles, and attitudes for staying creative and fostering out-of-the-box thinking.

Looking for anticipatory critical thinking techniques where the solution is not within the established universe as the methodological setup of science is in its nature a laggard.

What is needed or probably much more important what needs to be abandoned in a disruptive world?

The technology of digital twins is used, among other things, to simulate production, logistics processes in business entities, i.e. in the microeconomic field. The creation of digital twins for specific economic and financial processes carried out in economic entities supports the management of these entities. Computer simulations of e.g. production processes, offering of services, supply and procurement logistics, distribution logistics, marketing communication with customers, etc. save time and money, as possible errors in decisions generate much smaller negative effects if they are realised not within the framework of real processes and a kind of experimentation on a functioning enterprise, company, corporation, institution, etc., but within the framework of computer simulation. but within the framework of a computer simulation in which various alternative variants of the development of the economic and financial situation of a company are considered and compared with each other as forecasts of specific processes defined for the following days, weeks, months, quarters or years. Therefore, since the pandemic, many companies and enterprises in Poland have been investing in the creation of IT systems equipped with digital twin technologies, within which it is possible to create multi-criteria, multi-faceted, complex simulation models of specific economic and other processes realised within the company, and/or simulation of processes realised at the level of the company's relations with the environment, with business partners, customers, cooperators, etc.

On the other hand, the possibilities of creating simulations for macroprocesses, i.e. e.g. macroeconomic processes, natural processes, technological processes, geological processes, social processes, long-term climate change, cosmological processes, etc., through the use of digital twin technologies and also other Industry 4.0 technologies, including learning machines, deep learning, artificial intelligence, analytics carried out on Big Data Analytics platforms, are a matter of debate. Year on year, due to technological advances in ICT, including the use of new generations of microprocessors characterised by ever-increasing computing power, the possibilities for increasingly efficient, multi-criteria processing of large collections of data and information are growing. Artificial intelligence can be particularly useful in the field of selective and precise search for specific, defined types of information and data extracted from many selected types of websites and real-time transfer and processing of these data in database systems organised in cloud computing on Big Data Analytics platforms, which would be accessed by a system managing a built and updated model of a specific macro-process using digital twin technologies.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Warm regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In recent years, many technology startups have based their growth and competitive advantage on business, technological, product, service, marketing or other innovations. Banks are reluctant to provide investment loans to emerging startups basing their growth on innovative technologies. In such a situation, innovative startups emerge and are financed through such external sources of funding as investment funds, business angels, securities issuance, crowdfunding and others. Crowdfunding will develop intensively in the future as an alternative to classic forms of external financing for business ventures. It is an alternative to the financial service offerings of financial sector institutions, particularly in the segment of financing innovative start-ups. Commercial banks operating within the framework of classic deposit and credit banking often avoid lending to innovative start-ups due to difficulties in assessing credit risk. In such a situation, crowdfunding can be a good solution to the problems of finding external funding. On the other hand, cryptocurrencies, which operate outside institutionalised and centralised financial systems, are growing in importance. Perhaps in the future, cryptocurrencies will displace traditional currency from online financial transactions between fintechs, financial institutions, innovative start-ups, online technology companies running social media portals and their customers, and between users of these online portals. In addition to this, it is becoming essential to improve the security of online financial transactions and settlements carried out through online mobile banking. In this connection, blockchain technology is developing as an application for securing online transactions and data transfer. An increasing number of large companies are announcing the creation of their own cryptocurrency. Some investment banks such as JP Morgan have announced the creation of their own cryptocurrency for settlements with key counterparties. The development and implementation of ICT information technologies, advanced data processing technologies Industry 4.0 and Internet technologies into the business activities of companies and enterprises facilitates the execution of financial operations on the Internet and ensures a high level of security of Internet data transfer. The development of technological innovations, ICT information technologies, advanced information processing technologies co-creating the current technological revolution Industry 4.0, financing through crowdfunding, securing online transactions with blockchain technology, the increase in the use of cryptocurrencies in these settlements, etc. are likely to be important determinants of the development of innovative, technological start-ups operating on the Internet and factors in the development of the knowledge economy in the years to come. Consequently, the development of open innovation is correlated with the issue of innovation and entrepreneurship development in the economy. A significant proportion of innovative startups develop their business model based on open innovation. On the other hand, in macroeconomic terms, the development of open innovation can be an important determinant of economic development in developing countries and in developed knowledge-based economies. In view of the above, research shows that the spread of open innovation and open knowledge bases is an important issue for building a sustainable economy in a technologically developed and developing country. A number of predictive studies show that cryptocurrencies will grow in importance in the future in financing various transactions and settlements carried out electronically, through the Internet, on social media, in investment banking, etc. Currently, many technology startups base their growth and competitive advantage on technological, product, service, marketing or other innovations. However, in order for the financing of new business ventures, innovative startups to develop using cryptocurrencies it is necessary to increase the scale of systemic formalisation and institutionalisation of transactions carried out using cryptocurrencies, to build formalised cryptocurrency markets and to increase the security of transactions carried out using cryptocurrencies in the future.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What is your opinion on this topic?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Warm regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

An important factor for the effective economic development of the country is the development of innovativeness, including the creation of new, innovative technologies and their implementation and development in business applications. Important factors for the activation of innovation and entrepreneurship in the economy include efficiently and reliably functioning systems of financial subsidies la innovative startups and companies and enterprises implementing and developing new, innovative technologies in business applications. However, when this system is flawed, does not function efficiently and reliably, is permeated with corruption and the extortion of funds from the state's public finance system, then the process of activating innovation and entrepreneurship in the economy does not work. This is particularly relevant in a paradise where investment banking is underdeveloped and, as a result, the development of innovative startups is, outside of grants from the national public finance system and outside of financial grants from the European Union, financed mainly on the basis of family loans, equity financing provided by business angels, specialised investment funds and crowdfunding available on the Internet. These are therefore not great opportunities to finance the development of innovative startups in a situation where commercial banks avoid lending to this type of entity. Commercial banks are unlikely to grant loans to finance the development of an innovative startup because they assess the credit risk as high for this type of business venture or they are also unable to precisely quantify the credit risk for startups that plan to implement and develop new, innovative technologies. In such a situation, a system of non-repayable financial subsidies coming from the public finance system and distributed systemically to such ventures can be of great help in activating the development of innovation and entrepreneurship. In order for this kind of system of distributing grants for innovative projects to work efficiently and effectively, the process of distributing funds under this kind of non-returnable grant schemes should be conducted in the form of competitions, during which genuinely innovative technological solutions should be selected. The competitions should be carried out taking into account the real expertise in innovation, reliable processes of analysis and evaluation of the level of innovation and determination of the level of usefulness, possibilities of practical applications, improvement of the effectiveness of economic processes, improvement of the level of profitability, obtaining specific positive effects of applying new innovations in a company or enterprise, etc. It is also necessary to carry out a number of market studies and analysis of the demand in specific markets, in specific spheres of economic activity, the demand from specific types of economic entities and/or citizens for products and services that will be created by the implementation and development in business of specific new innovative technologies. However, when corruption, including embezzlement of public money, occurs in this system of distributing financial subsidies then the whole system does not work effectively. When corruption occurs in public institutions distributing financial subsidies then the process of activating innovation and entrepreneurship does not work effectively. In view of the above, corruption in the national system of awarding financial grants from European Union funds for innovative business ventures may be an important element of a decrease in the credibility of key public institutions supporting cooperation between business and science, a decrease in the level of innovation in the economy, a decrease in the effectiveness of implementation of innovative solutions and patents created during research work, a weakening of the development of national science. In the country in which I operate, further cases of this type of corruption have been detected, which has been taking place in the National Centre for Research and Development, i.e. in the institution that distributes European Union financial grants to innovative start-ups and companies and enterprises implementing and developing new, innovative technologies in business applications.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In recent years, the application of new Industry 4.0 technologies in the process of generating marketing innovations applied to online social media portals has been on the rise. For the purpose of improving marketing communication processes, including advertising campaigns conducted on social media portals and promoting specific individuals, brands of companies, institutions, their product offers, services, etc., sentiment analysis of Internet users' activity in social media is conducted, including analysis of changes in social opinion trends, general social awareness of citizens by verifying the content of banners, posts, entries, comments, etc. entered by Internet users in social media using computerised, analytical Big Data Analytics platforms. I have described this issue in my articles following their publication on my profile of this Research Gate portal. I invite you to collaborate with me on team research projects conducted in this area. Currently, an important developmental issue is also the application of Big Data Analytics platforms used to analyse the sentiment of Internet user activity in social media, which uses new technologies of Industry 4.0, including, among others, artificial intelligence, deep learning, machine learning, etc. Besides, the implementation of artificial intelligence, Big Data Analytics and other Industry 4.0 technologies can help in the process of automated generation of marketing innovations applied on online social media portals. An important issue in this topic is the proper construction of a computerised platform for the automated generation of marketing innovations applied on online social media portals, in which the new generations of Artificial Intelligence, Big Data Analytics and other Industry 4.0 technologies are used.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

When ChatGPT recently became a media topic it became apparent that, on the one hand, it can be useful for creating simple texts based on prior knowledge downloaded from the Internet but, on the other hand, in those written by this artificial intelligence technology, the written texts may contain factual errors and content that is not factually correct. This is because the texts generated by ChatGPT are created as if in a free-form creative manner by combining different elements of content from many different source texts existing on the Internet and in 2021 downloaded from the Internet and constituting the knowledge base on which ChatGPT operates. However, in terms of generating formulas, algorithms, models created during programming, ChatGPT can be helpful in terms of finding specific programming formulas as answers to the questions asked. In this way, within the process of asking successive specific questions and obtaining answers, it is possible to build complex, multi-faceted models that form the software of specific applications and computer programmes.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

And what is your opinion on this?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Warm regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

It is a widely held opinion that creativity and innovation is important in various aspects of people's lives, in many different spheres of human activity.

Creativity and innovation is also important in many spheres of professional activities carried out in different sectors of the economy, in different professional positions and professions of work performed. In addition, creativity and innovation is particularly important in the arts, in the creation of works of art within various fields of art. Creativity and innovation is, in its essence, a key factor in the arts. Creativity and innovativeness is also important in business, in the management of business entities, in the establishment of startups, in the creation of new technological solutions, new technologies, product and other innovations, in the creation of inventions, and so on.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

As part of the rapid technological progress that is taking place, new technological solutions, innovations and patents are being developed for use in various sectors of the economy and are improving manufacturing, production and service processes. On the other hand, due to the progressing process of global warming, the growing scale of natural resources consumption, the necessity to accelerate the processes of achieving the goals of sustainable development, the processes of green transformation of the economy, achieving the goals of environmental and climate policy, increasing the scale of protection of the planet's biosphere, biodiversity and climate, the demand for new eco-innovations and green technologies is growing. In the situation of combining new information technologies and Industry 4.0 with eco-innovations and green technologies, new opportunities arise for the application of new integrated, complex technological solutions and for increasing the effectiveness of the implementation of sustainable development goals and carrying out processes of green transformation of the economy, including the green transformation of the energy sector. The green transformation of the energy sector is mainly implemented through the development of renewable and emission-free energy sources. In addition, as part of the implementation of the plan to create a zero-carbon economy, it is also necessary to carry out a green transformation of the transport sector and this in all transport segments, i.e. land, water and air transport. As part of the green transformation of the air transport sector, new technological solutions are being developed to enable the use of engines to power aircraft based on solar energy or generated by burning hydrogen in oxygen. The future of powering large transport, passenger and space aircraft is hydrogen power. On the other hand, increasingly large drones are also being built, which are currently powered by electric motors that draw on electricity stored in batteries that need to be recharged. However, this may change in the future. With the combination of new technologies already being developed and tested in aviation, it will be possible to build, for example, large personal drones powered by hydrogen engines and controlled by artificial intelligence, so that they can be flown using autonomous automatic control, i.e. autopilot. In a hydrogen-powered situation, these would also be fully zero-emission, pro-climate and pro-environmental aircraft that could fly at low altitudes. This would greatly facilitate local transport over non-long distances, both passenger and freight. Such improvements in local air transport would be particularly important in areas where there are no airports, where there is no well-developed second-hand network and where, at the same time, people live in settlements far from large cities, in remote villages and small towns and in areas of strict nature conservation without the possibility of using vehicles with combustion engines.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

And what is your opinion on this?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

AI to recognize cardiac arrhythmias like by using thermoscanner and other physiological sensors. New way and new product without the classic electrodes.

Many new eco-innovations and green technologies have still not left the research laboratories, they are still in the research and testing, prototype phase. The current energy crisis should motivate both government agencies of ministries managing the energy sector and commercially operating companies and enterprises in the energy sector to subsidise the ongoing research work, conducted in research and development institutions on the creation and industrial-scale implementation of new eco-innovations and green energy technologies. The current energy crisis is characterised by rapidly rising fuel and energy prices and the increasing scale of energy shortages. In some countries, the government is offering subsidies for the purchase of more expensive fuels and energy. However, this creates another pro-inflationary factor. Another and perhaps more sensible solution to support citizens and businesses to survive the energy crisis would be to increase subsidies to R&D and scientific institutions in whose laboratories new eco-innovations and energy technologies are developed. This raises the question of what kind of new eco-innovations and green energy and other technologies being created now, what kind of R&D should be subsidised now?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In the context of the current energy crisis, there is a growing demand for the creation and industrial-scale implementation of new eco-innovations and green energy technologies that would help citizens and businesses survive the currently unfolding energy crisis. The current energy crisis is characterized by rapidly rising fuel and energy prices and the growing scale of energy shortages. Rising energy and fossil fuel prices are one of the key factors in the acceleration of inflation, which has already begun to rise almost as early as early 2021. In some countries, the government is offering subsidies for the purchase of more expensive fuels and energy. However, this creates another pro-inflationary factor. In view of the above, the creation and implementation of what kind of new eco-innovations and green energy technologies should be covered by interventionist government subsidy programs (purchase of certain types of power, energy sources, e.g. to install photovoltaic panels on the roof of the building, etc.) and subsidies (preparation of homes, buildings, businesses, e.g. insulation of building facades, etc.)?

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of researchers and scientists:

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

There have been many different crises since the beginning of the 21st century, and there is little indication that this would change in the years to come. The dotcom crisis at the turn of the 20th/XXI century, the global financial crisis of 2007-2009, the global recession of the 2020 economy triggered by interventionist measures carried out during the 1st wave of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic, the overly lenient monetary policy carried out during the pandemic, the strong rise in inflation and the risk of stagflation in 2020, the currently developing energy crisis, the currently developing food crisis in some poorer countries, the already ongoing climate crisis that will intensify in the coming decades. As the levels of various risks increase, the scales and frequency of various crises increase, more and more public institutions, government agencies, NGOs but also local government units are taking various anti-crisis measures. Currently, the currently developing crises in many countries are: the economic downturn caused by high inflation; the energy crisis caused by high fuel and energy prices and low levels of energy self-sufficiency and underdevelopment of renewable energy sources; the climate crisis (and in some countries also the food crisis), the consequences of which include severe heat and droughts causing a decline in the production of agricultural crops, increased energy consumption and other negative effects. The climate crisis is likely to develop for many more years. In some countries, due to the low level of energy self-sufficiency, the low level of development of renewable and carbon-free energy sources, the scale of the currently developing energy crisis is greater and in the future, the negative effects of the climate crisis may also be more severe for nature and humans. Accordingly, local government units are also inspiring citizens to use water sparingly, save energy, segregate waste and other pro-environmental daily practices and actions. However, there are big differences in this regard when comparing environmental and pro-environmental policies and realistically carried out pro-environmental activities and green projects by individual local government units.

In view of the above, I address the following research question to the esteemed community of researchers and scientists:

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Within the framework of social ecological entrepreneurship, citizens can, for example, run home vegetable and fruit gardens, flower gardens, flower meadows under the formula of sustainable organic farming. Besides, citizens within the framework of social ecological entrepreneurship can set up small-scale home electric and/or thermal power plants based on certain types of renewable and/or emission-free energy. Besides, conducted social clean-up campaigns in city parks and forests; donating used electronic equipment, consumer electronics, household appliances, etc. to electro-waste collection points; setting up associations and other organizations implementing periodic events, picnics, festivals, etc., aimed at pro-environmental and pro-climate education of citizens. From the bottom up, citizens' ventures in social ecological entrepreneurship can be an important part of the green transformation of the economy and the realization of sustainable development goals. Besides, local governments are also increasingly taking measures to support the activity of citizens within the framework of social ecological entrepreneurship. Projects implemented within the framework of the participatory budget (1 percent of the local government's budget) can be implemented projects proposed by residents, which can be part of the current trends of pro-environmental, pro-climate, green transformation of the economy, in the green transformation of the local government and/or municipal economy and the realization of sustainable development goals. The civic activity of municipal residents can also be carried out within the framework of social ecological entrepreneurship through activities implemented socially by citizens on the basis of an agreement with the local government. Many times, many small activities carried out by citizens within the framework of social ecological entrepreneurship can produce more positive effects than short-term, few larger projects carried out by large business entities.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of researchers and scientists:

And what is your opinion on this topic?

What do you think about this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Hello. I would like to ask for examples of research topics related to entrepreneurship, innovation, leadership, corporate or business? The topic needs to use secondary data. Thank you so much for your time.

One of the important factors limiting the development of solar energy may be the still existing lack of eco-innovations and green technologies for the utilization of used photovoltaic panels, implemented on an industrial scale. In many countries, many new photovoltaic panels are currently being installed on buildings. The current energy crisis may additionally accelerate the development of renewable and zero-emission energy sources. However, for a few, a dozen or a max. Several dozen years, millions, and globally billions of photovoltaic panels will be dismantled due to wear and tear and should be disposed of, not landfilled. This is an important issue taking into account the potential contamination of the natural environment with toxic substances contained in photovoltaic panels.

In view of the above, I would like to address the following question to the Distinguished Community of Researchers and Scientists:

Please reply,

I invite everyone to the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Green cryptocurrencies should be developed according to new eco-innovative technologies, so that their creation, digging will use much less electricity than today. Currently, digging cryptocurrencies still uses as much energy as a medium-sized country on a global scale. The issue of saving electricity consumption is particularly relevant in the context of the current energy crisis and, in the future, also in the context of a multi-year developing climate crisis. Therefore, green cryptocurrencies, which will be used to finance new pro-environmental and pro-climate green business ventures, should also be created using many times less electricity than at present in order to be green in themselves.

Or perhaps both? This would be best for the environment, the climate and the planet's biosphere.

In view of the above, I address the following questions to the esteemed community of researchers and scientists:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In the context of the forecast decline in the economic activity of companies and enterprises in the coming quarters, the projected downturn in the national and regional economy, the decline in production and investment, the increase in unemployment and the current economic problems associated with high inflation, the importance of activating entrepreneurship and innovation of economic entities is growing. Within the framework of the interventionist, anti-crisis, Keynesian socio-economic policy, the government and central government agencies carry out programmes to activate entrepreneurship and innovativeness of economic entities, including companies and enterprises of the SME sector using specific financial instruments of fiscal, budgetary, sectoral policies, etc. On the other hand, a particularly important role in the activation of entrepreneurship and innovativeness of business entities of the SME sector operating in the area of the local economy of the municipality is also played by local government units. Local self-governments play an important role in terms of activating entrepreneurship and innovation, in terms of developing cooperation with local business, supporting the development of cooperation and clusters of companies cooperating with other entities, stimulating economic development in the area of the municipality, in the region. Effectively and efficiently conducted by local governments in this regard can significantly reduce the scale of downturn development in the local economy. When many units of local self-government efficiently activate economic processes, entrepreneurship and innovativeness, then the whole national economy goes through an economic crisis, recession, downturn more smoothly. As a result, the scale of the increase in unemployment and economic downturn is lower.

What do you think about this subject?

Please reply,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Warm regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Would you please share your experience from where I can collect firm-level green patent citations for green innovation? Please mention the name of the source ( I prefer free one).

What types of pro-environmental and/or pro-climate economic ventures are being carried out in your country as part of green entrepreneurship?

What kind of pro-environmental and/or pro-climate economic ventures are being carried out in your country that represent the development of green entrepreneurship?

What kind of pro-environmental and/or pro-climate economic ventures are carried out by citizens that represent green entrepreneurship development?

Are these, for example, innovative solutions implemented in the construction of small-scale, backyard electricity and/or heat generating power plants using renewable and emission-free energy sources?

Are they eco-innovations improving waste separation and recycling technologies? Or are they green technologies facilitating the capture of rainwater, which is then used for household purposes, agriculture, watering home gardens, etc.?

Or are they other kinds of eco-innovations, green technologies that contribute to green entrepreneurship?

Please reply,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

During my studies at the Berlin University of Applied Sciences, I had the topic of design thinking as part of product management. That was real interesting for all of us. Now I'm writing my bachelor's thesis on the question of how design thinking can be used in future projects and exercises.

What experiences have you gained with design thinking that can be used sensibly at a university? What advantages and disadvantages do you see?

Is there any database where I can get firm-level green R&D data for the US or Chinese listed firms? I want to use firms' green R&D investments as proxies for green innovation.

Agriculture is known to provide various innovations from time -to -time , but in the process , we sometimes land in no man's land, and often try to take agriculture to backfoot so miserably in mad rush for improvement . Like that , there is one concept called Zero Budget Natural Farming , dont know , what is the base to advocate this concept, often under the garb of Organic Farming , though both are quite different concepts and work on entirely different premises. Here are some clarifications requested to our collagues for their responses :

* What is the working premise of zero budget natural farming ?

* What is the need of advocating such concept of farming amidst conventional farming?

* Are we not in a position to sustain the current trend of sustainability agriculture and need to bring such concept having hardly any scientific base?

* Has this concept been ever evaluated in a scientific and time frame manner?

* How do you see the future of zero budget farming ?

* Can it be conceptually sustainable?

Like that , you go on adding .....

Your repsonses, please....

Dears,

The following questionnaire is a part of my Ph.D. Thesis Degree in Civil Engineering and Construction from University of Bolton, UK.

You are kindly requested to reply to the following questions with a level of accuracy. Thanks a lot for your highly appreciated support. Furthermore, please share the questionnaire with your communities.

Sincerely Ashraf Ibrahim Nasr Elhendawi

Activation of entrepreneurship and innovation is essential for effective socio-economic development of the national economy.

Failure in entrepreneurship in the context of entire markets, sectors, the whole society, the entire economy is a negative effect of taking risks in the situation of starting a business and running a business.

This is the price of few, spectacular business successes. Therefore, it should not be reduced due to the existence of investment risk. Investment risk should be examined, analyzed, measured and hedged, for example, in the form of maintaining established, estimated financial provisions for the situation of potential loss of financial liquidity. An entrepreneur should take risks, accept a certain level of investment risk, measured and hedged risk.

Entrepreneurship should be supported by both public sector institutions and through private investment funds that finance the development of innovative startups. In modern knowledge-based economies, the state through central and through local government public institutions should support the development of entrepreneurship and innovation.

In view of the above, the current question is: Should the state support the development of entrepreneurship and innovation?

Please, answer, comments. I invite you to the discussion.

How can we measure these capabilities by looking at innovation as a process, not an outcome?

I have recently begun reviewing the literature on the question of how human societies/cultures influence individual as well as collective innovative behaviour. Since there exists some work on this subject and many different approaches, I wanted to ask for recommendations: What are the must-reads?

Hello everyone,

After a conference, the Journal of Strategic Innovation and Sustainability (JSIS) send me an Email to published my conference paper.

Do anyone know this journal? Is it a predator one? I search on Google but didn't find the answer.

Thanks in advance.

Innovative Startup & Venture Capital?

The development of smart cities is a part of the broader concept of sustainable pro-ecological development based on the use of modern, innovative information technologies and in addition to ecology.

In this way, the development of smart cities also improves people's lives and can make people happier.

Do you agree with me on the above matter?

Please reply

Best wishes

What makes a researcher independent and how this can be practised? How to enable any such skill among PhD/Post-Doc students, or even before that stage? Please Feel Free to add your observation, arguments and experience.

What types of eco-innovation are being developed in your country?

What kind of ecological innovations should be developed in your opinion?

How should they be finansed, whether by the industry from commercial enterprises funds, or by the state from public funds or in the framework of public-private partnership?

What types of renewable energy sources should be refined and developed through new eco-friendly innovations? What kind of scientific research dominate in the field of ecological innovations?

Please reply. I invite you to the discussion

What kind of scientific research dominate in the field of Scientific research in the era of Industry 4.0?

Please, provide your suggestions for a question, problem or research thesis in the issues: Scientific research in the era of Industry 4.0.

Please reply.

I invite you to the discussion

Best wishes

Schumpeters theory of "creative destruction" states that capitalism is never static, it is always evolving and old products are replaced by new ones. There is however a lag, or overlap where the old product still exist and people cintinue to invest in its development , but also at the same time a development of newer and better products.A prime example is the issue of type writers that was evolving even though computers started to overtake typewriters in sales and even as computers became the dominant product. Some as a well known Swedish manufacturer named Facit invested so heavily and could not see what was happening that they didnt seek to develop new and different products. In some cases governments are seeking to protect the old by regulation or other supportive meassures. One example of this is the use of fossile fuel in the US. Something critics fear will prevent the development of greener and more effective sources of energy. My question is, should governments like this support industries for the sake of employment or other reasons, or should Darwinism take its course? Is the developlent of new products always a good thing? Maybe we will have a rise of the Maschines and Terminators roaming the streets, or perhaps the development of new techlologies is a good thing in most cases and should not be hindered. What are your thoughts? The word is free!

Best wishes Henrik

In Pharmaceutical professional fields such as Regulatory Affairs or Product Development it is of much importance to know the innovator of a product for obvious reasons. But it is not a very simple task using commonly used search engines. I was wondering if any one has a better way to search for them, like a data bank or something.

I have recently come across many online forums recommending Kaggle for people wanting to get into machine learning or data science. However, I would like some scholarly opinions on this website: https://www.kaggle.com/

Can the activation of innovation and entrepreneurship be an important factor in defending the domestic economy against the forecasted, progressive slowdown in economic growth in the global economy in 2019?

Does the activation of economic processes through the development of pro-development innovation policy programs, activation of innovation and entrepreneurship can be an important factor in defending the national economy against a progressive slowdown in economic growth in the global economy and against the risk of a recession in the domestic economy that could occur through cross-border trade and international capital flows?

The importance of this question is important especially for countries with an open economy with a large share of cross-border trade and the growing share of globalization processes. In addition, this question is valid in the context of the projected slowdown in economic growth in many countries in 2019.

In view of the above, I am asking you the following question: