Innovation Economics - Science topic

Key instruments for activating entrepreneurship and innovation of companies, enterprises and other business entities include financial instruments, including grants from the public finance system, low-interest loans, equity financing through the issuance of equity and debt securities, crowdfunding available on the Internet and other forms of external financing of development, investment activities but also current, operational economic activities of companies and enterprises. However, with many different forms of external financing available for the activities of business entities, the importance of other, non-financial factors of activation of entrepreneurship and innovation of companies and enterprises is also growing. Non-financial factors for activating entrepreneurship and innovation of business entities include. the formation of economic policies, including pro-development investment policies, the development of communications and logistics infrastructure necessary for business development, the availability of a highly qualified workforce on a local or regional basis, the development of chambers of commerce and other non-governmental institutions that support local or national business and lobby policy in its favor, the development of research and development centers that create innovations used for business and implemented in manufacturing processes carried out in business entities, the increase in labor productivity resulting from the implementation of new technologies in manufacturing processes, etc.

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One of the important factors in the business success of fast-growing startups basing their success on technological innovations is the efficient and cost-effective implementation of specific new technologies into the manufacturing, business and other processes realized in companies, enterprises and other business entities. However, in addition to the issue of efficient and economically effective implementation of specific new technologies into the business activities of companies and enterprises, there are many other important factors for the business success of fast-growing startups rapidly building their manufacturing potential, conquering new markets, effectively occupying new market niches, achieving spectacular financial results, etc. that base their success on technological innovations. Such factors include, among others, management efficiency and flexibility in adapting the business entity to the changing conditions of the economic, market, competitive environment, etc. The availability of various, convenient forms of external financing for the startup's current and investment activities; more or less favorable towards startups and other business entities of the SME sector economic policy shaped by the government; the activities of chambers of commerce, public institutions, non-governmental organizations supporting the development of innovation and entrepreneurship of companies and enterprises at an early stage of development; opportunities to join business organizations, cooperatives, clusters or other forms of cooperation involving mutual support of various developing business entities and institutions, etc.

I am conducting research on this issue. I have included the conclusions of my research in the following article:

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

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Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

What types of pro-environmental and/or pro-climate economic ventures are being carried out in your country as part of green entrepreneurship?

What kind of pro-environmental and/or pro-climate economic ventures are being carried out in your country that represent the development of green entrepreneurship?

What kind of pro-environmental and/or pro-climate economic ventures are carried out by citizens that represent green entrepreneurship development?

Are these, for example, innovative solutions implemented in the construction of small-scale, backyard electricity and/or heat generating power plants using renewable and emission-free energy sources?

Are they eco-innovations improving waste separation and recycling technologies? Or are they green technologies facilitating the capture of rainwater, which is then used for household purposes, agriculture, watering home gardens, etc.?

Or are they other kinds of eco-innovations, green technologies that contribute to green entrepreneurship?

Please reply,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

An important factor determining the level of economic development in highly developed countries, which also translates into the level of income and general well-being of the economic, material, livelihood situation, etc. of citizens is the level of innovation of companies and enterprises. The issue of innovativeness of economic entities translates into labor productivity, efficiency of manufacturing processes and profitability of economic processes implemented by companies and enterprises. Innovation of economic entities can be realized in various spheres and areas of economic activity of companies, enterprises and also financial and public institutions. Business entities can create and develop technological, product, service, logistics, process, organizational, marketing and other innovations. In connection with the rapid technological progress and the ICT and Industry 4.0/5.0 technologies being developed, among others, technological innovations are particularly important considering the issues of improving the efficiency of manufacturing processes, increasing labor productivity, improving the profitability of production, etc. In recent years, the scale of implementation into business entities of such Industry 4.0/5.0 technologies as Big Data, cloud computing, Internet of Things, blockchain, digital twins, cyber security instruments, machine learning, deep learning, artificial intelligence, among others, has been growing. Among the important factors in the implementation of new technologies to companies, enterprises, financial and public institutions are favorable conditions for external investment financing of the creation or purchase, implementation and development of new technologies. External financing includes, among others, investment loans offered by commercial banks, equity financing offered by investment funds, national financial subsidies and financial subsidies under certain European Union programs, financing realized through the issuance of securities, i.e. shares and corporate bonds, loan funds, funds, etc. The innovativeness of business entities is often correlated with the level of entrepreneurship of these entities. Therefore, the government programs conducted to activate the innovation of business entities are often programs that also activate entrepreneurship. In recent years, the instruments of activation of innovation and entrepreneurship have included changes to the tax system as part of the fiscal policy pursued, as well as increasing outlays from the state finance system for the creation of funds for systemic support for the development of innovative business ventures initiated by startups and companies operating in the new technology sector. On the other hand, the soft monetary policy applied before and during the Covid-19 pandemic did not have significant effects in improving innovation and entrepreneurship. The interest rates lowered by the central banks to successive historically low levels did not result in a significant increase in the scale of innovation and entrepreneurship among economic agents. Lenient monetary policy improved liquidity in the financial sector, including the interbank market, activated lending in commercial banks' lending activities, improved the prosperity occurring in capital markets, including reducing the scale of the downturn in securities markets. Indirectly, therefore, an easing monetary policy can be a factor in the activation of innovation and entrepreneurship, if a significant portion of business loans, including investment loans, are taken by business entities to finance a venture involving the development or purchase and implementation of new technologies. In the context of the activation of innovation and entrepreneurship, it may also be important to improve and adapt to a specific socio-economic situation interventionist, anti-crisis and pro-development instruments and programs implemented under specific socio-economic policies, including, above all, budgetary, fiscal and sectoral policies, including sectoral policies to support the development of innovation.

I am conducting research on this issue. I have included the conclusions of my research in the following article:

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Thank you,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

I am looking for a total number of patents (with International Patent Classification) invented by Chinese listed companies in English and some financial information such as sales, R&D investment, leverage ratio, ROE, and so on from 2000-2020.

The studies carried out by different scholars show that, in both Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), innovation processes, in their scientific and technological context, are ineffective. Therefore, it is difficult to create an appropriate environment for the development of new and better products and services in such a way that the whole helps the social and economic growth of these countries (de la Torre, 2014; Lederman et.al. 2014, CAF, 2013, World Bank, 2014). Despite some scholars describe the problem as systemic, is Wicked Problem (Rittel, 1973) an adequate framework to formulate these difficulties?

I'm studying how to measure innovation in companies and propose a framework to apply in brazilian companies.

Do you know any innovation index or innovation maturity model? Could you share it?

I need to implement multilateral model in my research, which focusing on generation revenue. I need more mathematical models to develop my innovative economic transaction. I would be grateful if you could recommend practical references such as a paper/ journal of this modelling.

Firm profitability is generally regarded as an important precondition for long-term firm survival and success; moreover, the variable significantly affects the firm’s achievement of other financial goals. Another factor explaining the importance of firm profitability is its effect on economic growth, employment, innovation, and technological change. However, due to increasing competition, improved efficiency, and pricing pressure, firms are experiencing greater difficulty attaining the required profitability. The question of what factors determine profitability should accordingly be one of high priority for both researchers and practitioners, including managers, investors, debt holders, and policy makers.

I am studying the inclination of companies to associate a new trademark (TM) with the commercialization of radical innovations. 

Do you know examples of companies that decided to apply (or not apply) for a TM to commercialize a radical innovation (eg., a new product)? 

I am asking this because, on the one hand, firms may improve appropriability over the radical product thanks to the TM. But, on the other hand, a firm may have an existing TM, so choosing to use it to commercialize the product since that brand is already known among customers while the product is distant from their existing values. What do you think about?

Kindly advise about the existing theories about survival/success of a new startup? Is the the success and survival of entrep.activity affected more by personal traits or is it relying more on environmental pillars of regulative/normative boundaries or is it all around the revenue/customers/growth phenomenon?

What are different methods to measure the success/survival of an entrepreneurial activity and also please share the research work done in past especially based on GEM-if any?

Respected Readers please give your inputs to fine-tune it.

I intend to use world bank knowledge economy indices as independent variable to check the effect on new business and business established ( GEM variables) to check for the dominating factors out of 4 index factors.I have attached the model here.

Thanks.

The state institutions going for deregulation, offering contract jobs etc.Keeping in view the traditional environment and job-oriented society, now the things changing as more and more companies going for job-cuts and contractual job offerings, employees being offered a handsome package to leave jobs and survive on their own. 

My research is focused around those who opt to leave the jobs or made to leave the jobs, then how they survive? Its a case of necessity-driven entrepreneurship. Kindly provide some inputs and guide for references so that I may focus on this niche to address my question? Thanks.

There are a lot of articles and studies that mention the importance of innovative culture to reach innovation in products, process or organizational management. But, how does impact in sales or profits this "behaviour"?

That is what I want to analyse.

What could be the possible reasons that stakeholders of sustainable product development are supporting and contributing in the success of the product but innovation climate of the organization isn't moderating this relationship? Any references will be really helpful.

Knowledge spillovers and innovation

I assume that financially healthy companies may spend more on innovation activity. For the moment I use the measures of profitability (e.g. margins), liquidity (e.g. current ratio), and leverage. Could you suggest others?

Taking into account the evident shortage in financial resources, the increasing request for quicker investment returns and its misalignment with Drug discovery timelines. Will Open Innovation be a solution for the Pharma industry? and what should the model/strategy for OI be?

I'm looking for papers and books about the economics of science and technological parks, theoretically and empirically.

Theoretically, I want to understand the underlying logic and when science parks are a good or a bad choice.

Empirically, I'm looking for cost-benefit analysis: are they a good investment?

does the training policies exist in the MENA region, if yes does it affect the innovation?

how could the training affect the innovation

The moderating variable of environmental turbulence is not impacting the relation ship between individual creativity and team acceptance of that creative idea. The context is radical new product development. What could be the possible explanations for that? Any references?

Innovation and "innovativeness" (innovative capacity) are different realities or are the same?

Do you know validated scales to measure one and another?

The first is input and the other is output? Or vice-versa?

If so, What about process innovation is innovativeness (input) or is innovation (ouput)?

How to measure it differently?

Best Helena 

Small firms mostly encounter the challenge of promoting innovations due to their limited resources. Accelerating the transfer of knowledge from external sources, knowledge spillovers enable the firms to acquire new knowledge and recognize invaluable opportunities. Thus, the utilization of knowledge spillovers would bring various beneficial consequences in all stages of open innovation process such as low cost knowledge acquisition, recognizing the opportunities of partnership, finding new ideas of commercializing unexploited technologies and adopting new methods of managing incentives and controls. However the spillover of knowledge would be available for all the competitors, only those strategically allocate their capabilities to explore new knowledge and exploit their innovations could gain more advantages. 

In this regards, some interesting questions would arise:

1) What kind of institutional mechanisms can promote open innovation through strategic use of knowledge spillovers?

2) How can firms decrease the cost of openness by utilizing knowledge spillovers? 

3) How would knowledge spillovers lead firms to integrate different forms of openness in order to experience the growth?

4) How can knowledge spillovers provide new ways for the firms to work with external actors?

5) How can knowledge spillovers widen the search breath and accelerate the process of scanning for the external expertise?

6) How can firms benefit from knowledge spillovers through different forms of open innovation such as Acquiring, Sourcing, Selling and Revealing?

Although GCI index is one of the most acceptable and recognized indicator of national competitiveness in the literature, it is not exempt of criticism. Lall (2001) indicated on many methodological, quantitative and analytical problem and dubbed the index "misleading". Van Sel indicated on two most serious problems with GCI (Van Stel et al, 2005). The index is not stable in short time even for developed economies ( USA have a 6th rank in 2007, and 1first in 2008), what questioned his standard. Moreover, GCI is not succeeded in predicting short and long-term economic growth, because it combines so many other variables such as entrepreneurial activity (Xia et al, s.47). However, the authors of newest Global Competitiveness Report state that GCI represent "the concept of competitiveness thus involves static and dynamic competitiveness and .... can explain an economy growth potential" (Global Competitiveness Report 2015-2014, p. 4).What is the true GCI validity for economic growth prediction?

The relationship between R&D innovation and economic development is widely acknowledged.Any industry is characterized by more investment in research and development, technical change, and  the output market and the ownership of intellectual properties that support ongoing innovation.

Today, many companies begin to green innovation, which is drived by customers, suppliers , rivals and others. The key question in this research is how to measure green innovation? If we use other variables to substidute this concept, R&D is available?

I would need mainly models that make use of real data at the local or regional level and firm-based, but any reference would be welcomed. Thanks!

With current debates on how firms are strategically modifying their appropriability regime and impact value creation has on value appropriation. Does Teece appropriability concept (1986)  based on its seminar work still relevant?

I am trying to do research about the relationship between exportation and innovation capabilities. I would like to compare Brasil and other countries. For the comparation, I need a dados and I don't know where I'll find it. And, I am inviting a researcher to follow this idea with me.

Accelerating radical innovation in new technology based firms.

In Uruguay, we are starting an industrial extension center with strong emphasis on innovation demand detection.

Can somebody suggest some review articles about "National Innovation capacity" or some articles that help me to write a good review article?

As you know CIS is a valuable source of information for innovation studies. However, it doesn't provide data about US companies. Therefore, I would like to know whether similar data are also available for US enterprises.

Many countries have engaged in the process of imitation of existing products and processes prior to starting to innovate. Taiwan, South Korea, China, Brazil...etc. Yet not all of them develop innovation capability. Any thoughts?

It will always be important to swim successfully in the red ocean by out-competing rivals.

This topic remains relevant in innovation management journals and innovation studies, however I see some scholars apply it without distinction. I wonder if there are any disciplinary differences between the terms.