Infrared - Science topic

Image coloring is the process of converting a grayscale image into a color image with natural sensory and visual quality. Image coloring task is a classic computer vision problem, especially, infrared image colorization it has been widely concerned by scholars. Infrared image is obtained by detecting infrared radiation, and it is widely used in mil...

Vitreousness serves as a crucial visual indicator of grain hardness and is of paramount importance in the wheat industry due to its substantial influence on both milling and baking quality. Consequently, it is regarded as a fundamental criterion for assessing wheat quality and determining its market value. This study evaluates the efficacy of hyper...

Fire and explosion accidents with equipment troubles directly lead to long-term shutdowns and labor accidents related to human lives in ironworks. Panoramic thermal monitoring that can synthesize multiple thermal images at different viewpoints is strongly demanded for wide-area infrastructures such as material yards. In this study, we develop a mir...

In the field of infrared attitude measurement, ensuring measurement accuracy is a complex yet fundamental task. The complexity of mountainous terrain can interfere with the measurement results of infrared sensors, making correction of interference a critical research topic. Mountain surface infrared radiation, induced by abrupt terrain variations,...

Exploring new functional motifs is vital for the design of high‐performance infrared (IR) nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals. Asymmetric As4Qn (Q = S, Se; n = 3, 4) inorganic molecules are excellent IR NLO motifs, but the synthesis and design of related NLO crystals remain substantial challenges. Herein, an in situ functional molecule altering strate...

To address the critical challenges of unmanned aerial vehicle infrared detection including dense occlusion, low foreground–background contrast, and complex background interference, we propose an enhanced Infrared_YOLO architecture based on ‘You Only Look Once version 11’ (YOLOv11) framework. The architecture incorporates a feature fusion pyramid ne...

We investigated the springtime variability of ozone in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) over East Asia using data from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) onboard the Metop satellite series (Metop‐A, Metop‐B, and Metop‐C), complemented with ozonesonde observations and MERRA‐2 reanalysis data. The accuracy of t...

Accurate forecasts of fire spread and smoke impacts using coupled fire‐atmosphere models require advanced methods for fire initialization. This paper proposes and tests three different methods for integrating fire observations. The methods reconstruct the initial fire evolution needed for the atmosphere spin‐up at the beginning of the simulation an...

Button sample holder infrared spectra in Kubelka-Munk function and apparent absorbance formats are evaluated. Trends in plots of vibration band area and peak intensity versus concentration are compared. Two test...

Spectroscopic techniques such as Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS), Surface Enhanced Infrared Absorption (SEIRA), and Surface-Enhanced Fluorescence (SEF) are essential analytical techniques used to study the composition of materials by analyzing the way materials scatter light, absorb infrared radiation or emit fluorescence signals. This pro...

In this research, a local and pristine clay was evaluated for the adsorption of different dyes from an aqueous medium. In this sense, a systematic characterization of the adsorbent was carried out using different techniques. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicate the presence of phyllosilicates, primarily consisting of chlorite and muscovite. Si...

Multispectral stealth and optical anti‐counterfeiting technologies are of significant importance in the fields of military defense and information security. The concealment of targets or information is gradually shifting from passive to active, calling for not only multispectral compatibility but also tunable optical properties. Herein, a Ge2Sb2Te5...

In recent years, chemotherapy has been widely reported as a treatment for cancer. However, most patients experience side effects of chemotherapy due to direct exposure of drugs such as doxorubicin to body tissues. This work seeks an effective magnetic-based drug delivery system, where the system can maximally load the drug and is able to release th...

Cloud optical property retrievals from passive satellite imagers tend to be most accurate during the daytime due to the availability of visible and near‐infrared solar reflectance. Infrared (IR) channels have a relative lack of spectral sensitivity to optically thick clouds and are heavily influenced by cloud‐top temperature making retrievals of cl...

We measure the luminosity functions (LFs) and stellar mass functions (SMFs) of photometric satellite galaxies around spectroscopically identified isolated central galaxies (ICGs). The photometric satellites are from the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys (DR9), while the spectroscopic ICGs are selected from the DESI Year-1 BGS sample. We can measure satel...

The aim of this study was the surface temperature compute and NDVI value changes from 2015 to 2023 and also to correlation for surface temperature and NDVI values in study area for respectively years. Surface temperature and NDVI values were taken out from the remotely sensed data (Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI)) and Thermal Infrared Senso...

Infrared (IR) thermography provides 2D radiance maps of the IR radiation leaving the surfaces of a scene, based on preliminary calibration. Then, to convert radiance maps into temperature maps, we need to know the emissivity of each element of the scene conjugated to each of the detector elements in the camera's focal plane. Compared to the single-...

Plain Language Summary Hyperspectral infrared sounders onboard the geostationary orbital satellites enable viewing the three‐dimensional atmosphere frequently. China has such an instrument called Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder onboard both Fengyun‐4A and Fengyun‐4B, Europe will have Infra‐Red Sounder (IRS) onboard MTG in the 2025/20...

Industrialization and civilization has increased the level of toxic metal ions found in the various spheres of the environment including the hydrosphere. Hence, emergent technologies that are economically feasible and highly efficient must be studied and explored, with the aim of promoting better environmental and human life quality. Plants are kno...

Malaria is a pivotal health concern worldwide and is particularly affecting the population of Africa. This work investigates shifts in precipitation and temperature patterns, which will influence the planning of health activities, especially regarding malaria. The primary goal of this study is to support reducing vulnerability to malaria in the cit...

A high‐performance top‐illuminated short‐wave infrared (SWIR) imager is achieved based on the solution‐processed PbS colloidal quantum dot (CQD) photodiodes, by introducing the spontaneously formed PbS microstructures on the active layer through managing the CQD packing manner simply by appropriate solvent selection. The presence of the PbS microst...

Colloidal semiconducting nanocrystals (NCs) present exciting opportunities to realize small footprint integrated lasers and amplifiers and recent reports indicated near‐to short wave infrared optically pumped lasing is possible using lead sulfide (PbS) NCs. However, it remains unclear what are the photo‐physical driving forces behind the efficient...

Optical anisotropy, a cornerstone of polarization control, presents fundamental challenge in functional optical material design due to the intricate interplay between its regulation mechanisms and performance optimization. The development of mid‐far infrared (MFIR) birefringent crystals has long been shackled by the incompatibility between giant op...

Flavins are versatile cofactors that undergo different redox, chemical, and/or photophysical transformations depending on the protein they are bound to. A powerful tool available for studying their transformations is Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) difference spectroscopy, where changes in the FTIR absorption bands relate to specific changes in f...

This paper describes the second and third data releases (DR2 and DR3, respectively) from the ongoing United Kingdom Infrared Telescope (UKIRT) Hemisphere Survey (UHS). DR2 is primarily comprised of the $K$-band portion of the UHS survey, and was released to the public on June 1, 2023. DR3 mainly includes the $H$-band portion of the survey, with a p...

Image fusion is a crucial technique in the field of computer vision, and its goal is to generate high-quality fused images and improve the performance of downstream tasks. However, existing fusion methods struggle to balance these two factors. Achieving high quality in fused images may result in lower performance in downstream visual tasks, and vic...

Copper-based catalysts are extensively employed in selective catalytic oxidation of ammonia (NH3-SCO). Nevertheless, their poor low-temperature activity remains a significant challenge. In this work, a series of Cua-Ceb/TiO2 catalysts with different Cu/Ce molar ratios were synthesized via a co-impregnation method. Among them, Cu1-Ce3/TiO2 catalyst...

In experimental catalysis research, conventional trial‐and‐error approach still dominates during the exploration of the intricate relationship between microscopic mechanisms and macroscopic performance, which unfortunately is time‐consuming and resource‐intensive, placing additional hurdles on catalyst high‐throughput screening. Alternatively, mach...

False alarms in subpixel fire detection often arise when high-voltage structures, such as powerlines or towers near thermographic cameras, emit intense infrared radiation that mimics early fire signals at long distances. This paper proposes the study and statistical analysis of You Only Look Once version 8 (YOLOv8) to detect, segment, and isolate t...

In modern warfare, with the rapid development of modern detection technology, enhancing stealth technology is urgent. Infrared and radar detection are primary means, and their compatible stealth is a research focus in stealth material technology. The contrasting working mechanisms of infrared and radar stealth materials, along with the Planck–Rozan...

Mid-infrared (mid-IR) observations of Near-Earth Objects (NEOs) have historically been a valuable tool for understanding their physical properties. However, the current state of mid-IR instruments on ground-based telescopes places several limitations on performing thermal characterization of NEOs. The complexity of maintaining these instruments in...

Ammonia (NH3) is a toxic pollutant, generally linked to agricultural emissions, and plays a major role in the formation of fine aerosols which have a significant and detrimental effect on human health. NH3 is one of the key pollutants that can be monitored by satellite instruments orbiting the Earth, including the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Inte...

CuFeS₂ nanocrystals have emerged as promising candidates for applications in photovoltaics, spintronics, and bioimaging due to their high absorption coefficients and tunable quantum confinement effects. This study focuses on the synthesis and characterisation of giant CuFeS₂/ZnS core/shell nanocrystals. The development of giant core/shell nanocryst...

Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a pivotal analytical tool as it provides real-time molecular insight into material structures and enables the observation of reaction intermediates in situ. However, interpreting IR spectra often requires high-fidelity simulations, such as density functional theory based ab-initio molecular dynamics, which are computat...

RX J1745.5-2905 is a faint and distant polar below the period gap. It was observed intensively in X-ray by Chandra, and its X-ray data reveal frequent brightness transitions between low and high states like we found in the prototype star AM Her. The X-ray radiation is consistent with a typical depiction of magnetic accretion. Although it was detect...

Research reveals that techniques for producing silver nanoparticles through plant-mediated synthesis exhibit potent antimicrobial properties. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the antibacterial capabilities of silver nanoparticles made with leaf extract from Polygonum Minus (Kesom) as the reducing agent. The visual color changes observed the...

Ammonia oxidation reaction (AOR) is important for enabling the efficient use of NH3 as a promising carrier for hydrogen storage and transportation. However, the catalytic activity of state‐of‐the‐art Pt‐based catalysts decreases significantly due to the strong adsorption of N species. In this study, a triple‐layer core–shell structured Ru@Ir@Pt mod...

This paper addresses the challenge of preserving detailed information, such as target edges and textures, in multimodal image fusion, particularly for infrared and visible images. We propose the Diffusion Feature Guidance Network based on Information Complementarity (DFGIC-Net), which leverages diffusion features for enhanced multimodal fusion. The...

Infrared small target (IRST) detection is challenging in simultaneously achieving precise, universal, robust and efficient performance due to extremely dim targets and strong interference. Current learning-based methods attempt to leverage ``more" information from both the spatial and the short-term temporal domains, but suffer from unreliable perf...

ZnxMn(1-x)Fe2O4 nanoparticles were successfully prepared in the isopropanol solvent with the hydrothermal method and the hydrothermal method combined with impregnation. The characterization of the samples by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and surface area analysis (BET) was cond...

Infrared radiation suppression and microwave transparency compatible metamaterials play a crucial role in controlling the temperature of communication equipment and ensuring effective signal transmission. In this article, the infrared spectral response of the Au‐Al2O3 metamaterial structure is simulated using the finite difference time domain metho...

The early 2024 drought in southern Africa, which was worsened by an El Niño, caused serious grain shortages in the region. We analyse rainfall and circulation anomalies for the 2023/24 El Niño and compare them with those for the other El Niño events during 1981–2024 over the Okavango River Basin (ORB), southern Africa. Attention is also paid to the...

Plain Language Summary We present a new method, VRPTIR ${\text{VRP}}_{\text{TIR}}$, for monitoring thermal energy emission at volcanoes using satellite data, overcoming the challenges posed by hazardous ground conditions. This approach measures thermal energy loss from moderate‐to‐low‐temperature volcanic features, such as crater lakes and fumarole...

Sea surface temperature (SST) is a fundamental physical parameter characterizing the thermal state of sea surface. Due to the intricate thermal interactions between land, sea, and atmosphere, the spatial gradients of SST in coastal waters often appear at finer spatial scales than those in open ocean waters. The Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) onboar...

The classical field description of ``phonon spin" relies on the invariance of a continuous elastic field under infinitesimal rotation. However, a local ``medium element" in the continuous field may contain large numbers of vibrational particles at microscopic level, like for complex lattices with many atoms in a unit cell. We find this causes the p...

Background: Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) is a widely used refractive surgical procedure that typically involves the ablation of the corneal stroma using 193 nm excimer laser pulses. While this method is effective in reshaping the cornea, alternative laser sources such as nanosecond Q-switched solid-state lasers at 266 nm (fourth ha...

Explosive eruptions release significant quantities of tephra, which can spread and settle on the ground, potentially leading to various types of damage and disruption to public infrastructure, including road networks. The quantification of the tephra load is, therefore, of significant interest to evaluate and reduce environmental and socio-economic...

This study evaluates a smartphone-based, deep-learning eye-tracking algorithm by comparing its performance against a commercial infrared-based eye tracker, the Tobii Pro Nano. The aim is to investigate the feasibility of appearance-based gaze estimation under realistic mobile usage conditions. Key sensitivity factors, including age, gender, vision...

Plasmonic metasurfaces allow the optical encoding of information based on bright and non‐fading colors with a resolution at the diffraction limit. The optical information is encoded by varying the dimensional parameters of the plasmonic nanostructures, which are then clustered into nanopixels that are parallel and spectrally addressable. The storag...

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are short, intense radio signals from distant astrophysical sources, and their accurate localisation is crucial for probing their origins and utilising them as cosmological tools. This study focuses on improving the astrometric precision of FRBs discovered by the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) by corre...

Advancements in accessible electronics and open-source platforms have enabled the development of affordable 3D scanning technologies for diverse applications. This paper presents a robust, low-cost 3D object scanning system that integrates Arduino microcontrollers, infrared sensors, and stepper motors. By automating the rotational capture of an obj...

Streamflow simulation along with soil erosion hotspot identification is crucial for effective basin management; however, limited observed data pose challenges for modelers. This study tested the performance of the three satellite-based precipitation products (SPPs), namely (1) Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS), (2)...

The treatment of the wounds inflicted by dogs and wild boars becoming a significant public concern. From Islamic contexts, it demands effective and Shariah-compliant cleaning methods. Current practices predominantly employ soil-based soap, raising questions about its scientific efficacy and safety for wound treatment and medical equipment cleansing...

Thermal detectors, such as bolometers functioning by detecting the radiation‐induced temperature changes, represent a promising route to achieve infrared detection and imaging. In this context, vanadium dioxide (VO2), a narrow bandgap (Eg) semiconductor (Eg ≈0.6–0.7 eV) with a unique near‐room‐temperature reversible metal‐to‐insulator transition (M...

We report multifrequency Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations at 2.3 and 8.4GHz of three nearby ultraluminous infrared galaxies, identified via mid-infrared spectroscopic analyses as hosting deeply embedded active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Milliarcsecond-scale observations at both frequencies reveal compact continuum emission in IRAS F00188$-...

Humans undergoing mechanical vibration of frequency ranging from mHz to a few kHz in daily life. Human body contains about 60% of water. Blood is one of the most important body fluids and RBC are functional constituents of blood. RBC, due to their deformable nature, can undergo physical deformation or membrane damage under the influence of external...

This paper describes the development and evaluation of an ultra-sensitive modified circular photonic crystal fiber (MC-PCF) sensor for efficient alcohol detection. Operating at 850 nm, the sensor has exceptional relative sensitivity and low confinement losses, making it suitable for a wide range of practical applications. The MC-PCF sensor was deve...

This venture goes for planning and executing the propelled advancement in inserted frameworks for vitality sparing of road lights. As of now we used manual framework i.e in night the road lights will be ON in the night prior and turned OFF in following day morning. Be that as it may, the real planning for these traffic lights would be exchanged to...

Compounds consisting only of the element nitrogen (polynitrogens or nitrogen allotropes) are considered promising clean energy-storage materials owing to their immense energy content that is much higher than hydrogen, ammonia or hydrazine, which are in common use, and because they release only harmless nitrogen on decomposition¹. However, their ext...

Finite‐temperature vibrational spectra of protonated betaine and its noncovalently bonded clusters with molecular hydrogen are modeled using Lagrangian dynamics with the atom‐centered density matrix propagation (ADMP) scheme. The focus is put on the OH stretching mode, which serves as a primary indicator of the type and strength of the noncovalent...

A general strategy is proposed to explore the low-energy properties of two-dimensional nonlinear \sigma σ models with \theta θ terms. We demonstrate its application to nonlinear \sigma σ models with the target space SU(N)/H S U ( N ) / H , which include \mathbb{C}P^{N-1} ℂ P N − 1 , complex Grassmannian manifolds as well as the flag SU(N)/U(1)^{N-1...

Classical Cepheids are the archetype of the standard candle, thanks to the period–luminosity relation, which allows us to measure their intrinsic brightness. They are also relatively young and bright, potentially making them excellent tracers of the young stellar population that is responsible for shaping the visible aspect of our Galaxy. However,...

Bulk single-crystal ZnGa 2 O 4 samples with varying free-carrier concentrations are investigated using spectroscopic ellipsometry and Raman spectroscopy to explore their vibrational and excitonic properties. The fundamental band gap of inverse spinel ZnGa 2 O 4 is determined to be 4.4 ± 0.05 eV , while the normal spinel phase exhibits a band gap of...

Infrared and visible image fusion technology integrates the thermal radiation information of infrared images with the texture details of visible images to generate more informative fused images. However, existing methods often fail to distinguish salient objects from background regions, leading to detail suppression in salient regions due to global...

This study focused on the thin-layer drying of yam by infrared-assisted heat pump drying to determine the thin-layer drying model, the effective moisture diffusivity, and the activation energy of moisture within the yam. The thin-layer drying experiment was conducted with input drying parameters such as drying temperatures of 40, 45, and 50°C, dryi...

In this study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH)/starch (ST) films were obtained using sorbitol citrate (SC) to increase the interactions between PVOH and ST, the plasticization process, and to obtain films with low migration of the plasticizing agent. Furthermore, the impact of SC content on the properties of the PVOH/ST films was assessed. Migration degre...

We report a novel niobium thiogallate, NbGa2S4(S2), featuring a rare linear [S2]²⁻ coordination to niobium, which simultaneously exhibits a strong second harmonic generation effect [1.5 × benchmark AgGaS2 (AGS)], a high laser‐induced damage threshold (5.7 × AGS), and a giant birefringence (0.29 at 2 µm, the largest among all reported 3D chalcogenid...

The inherent characteristics of natural fibers include a low density and a high strength-to-weight ratio, making them promising candidates for lightweight applications. The mechanical features of these strands are prejudiced by their chemical compositions and the cross-sectional area being the most variable factor affecting strength. In this resear...

Stellar bowshock nebulae are arcuate shock fronts formed by the interaction of radiation-driven stellar winds and the relative motion of the ambient interstellar material. Stellar bowshock nebulae provide a promising means to measure wind-driven mass loss, independent of other established methods. In this work, we characterize the stellar sources a...

Germanium‐containing short‐wave infrared (SWIR) avalanche photodiode (APD) arrays on silicon platforms have the potential for monolithic integration into complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuits, making them mass‐manufacturable, high‐performance, arrayed optical detectors operating at wavelengths beyond the silicon cut‐off...

Native starches generally have fewer advantages for industrial applications and often require physical or chemical alterations to perform effectively. In the present investigation, response surface methodology was applied with two factors namely, moisture pre-conditioning and infrared heating time, to study the functional characteristics of tamarin...

Comparisons between observed and model‐resolved gravity waves (GWs) are crucial for evaluating general circulation model (GCM) simulation accuracy and understanding wave characteristics. However, observational noise often obscures waves, complicating such comparisons. To address this, we have developed a GW detection method using a convolutional ne...

In a country like India agricultural production and yield are closely associated with rainfall amounts. In this context, the present paper highlights the rainfall variability and its relation with agricultural production in Bankura district of West Bengal. For the study the present paper used two sets of rainfall data—IMD (India Meteorological Depa...

Under the complex maritime environments, infrared ship detection plays a crucial role in maritime rescue and traffic control. Unlike traditional visible-light imaging, infrared imaging provides reliable target detection even under low-light conditions and adverse weather. However, it is difficult for existing detection methods, especially deep lear...

Addressing the challenging problem of detecting small targets in space, an infrared small target detection algorithm that incorporates foreground moving targets and deep learning is introduced. By running the foreground motion target detection algorithm and the deep learning YOLOv5 target detection algorithm, the regions where the motion target is...

Introduction Infrared (IR) and visible (VI) image fusion can provide richer texture details for subsequent object detection tasks. Conversely, object detection can offer semantic information about targets, which in turn helps improve the quality of the fused images. As a result, joint learning approaches that integrate infrared-visible image fusion...

Soil temperature (ST) is one of the critical parameters in agricultural meteorology and significantly influences physical, chemical, and biological activities in the soil environment. One of the major challenges in agricultural studies is the limited number of synoptic stations for measuring ST. Novel data mining methods offer effective solutions f...