Influenza - Science topic

This narrative study seeks to examine pneumonia induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, influenza, and adenovirus regarding clinical, laboratory, and radiological features. In conclusion, whereas these viral pneumonia clinics exhibit same symptomatology and laboratory results, we assert that there are notable distinctions, parti...

Cardiovascular and infectious diseases both feature among the leading causes of death among men and women in the world. The pathophysiological pathways of infection and cardiovascular disease intersect, and there is a bidirectional relationship between the two. Vaccines are available for the most common infectious diseases affecting older adults, s...

Lung manifestations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are often exacerbated by influenza A virus infections; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown, and hence therapeutic options are limited. Using a physiologically relevant human lung airway-on-a-chip (Airway Chip) microfluidic culture model lined with human airway...

Recently, cannabinoids have gained scientific interest as a promising anti-infective natural product class, as reported in several studies. However, the existing knowledge is mainly limited to common cannabinoids like THC and CBD. Therefore, this study aims to fill the knowledge gap by investigating the anti-infective potential of nine selected can...

Objective We analyzed the long‐term safety and effectiveness of fenfluramine (FFA) in patients with Dravet syndrome (DS) in an open‐label extension (OLE) study after participating in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or commencing FFA de novo as adults. Methods Patients with DS who participated in one of three RCTs or were 19 to 35 years of age...

The advent of mRNA vaccines, accelerated by the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic, marks a transformative shift in vaccine technology. In this article, we discuss the development, current applications, and prospects of mRNA vaccines for both the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases and oncology. By leveraging the capacity to encod...

The aim of this study was to gain insights into the epidemiology, spatial trends, spatial structure evolution, and spatiotemporal aggregation characteristics of influenza epidemics during seasonal influenza and COVID-19 pandemic in Fuzhou from 2013 to 2022. Utilizing influenza case report data from Fuzhou spanning 2013 to 2022, we applied descripti...

Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have emerged as a transformative platform in modern vaccinology. mRNA vaccine is a powerful alternative to traditional vaccines due to their high potency, safety, and efficacy, coupled with the ability for rapid clinical development, scalability and cost-effectiveness in manufacturing. Initially conceptualized in the 1...

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is an emerging respiratory pathogen of global importance, first identified in 2001. Epidemiologic and clinical similarities to other respiratory viruses make the virus appear in most aspects through similarity with respiratory syncytial virus and influenza. Still, it is a leading cause of respiratory infections ranging...

Influenza A virus (IAV) strains are largely expedited by viral mutations and genome reassortments which eventually result in pandemics. As such, the need to search and discover more potent influenza inhibitors is necessary to prevent future outbreaks. This study utilized the in-silico designing strategy to discover fifteen (15) potential candidates...

Purpose During fall 2021, children’s hospitals in Germany faced a surge in RSV-related hospitalizations, whereas during fall/winter 2022–2023, RSV and influenza infections both led to increased inpatient admissions. Our study prospectively assessed severe acute respiratory infections, their causative pathogens, and the resulting disease burden on G...

The rapid spread of COVID-19 have overwhelmed health systems, especially in the care of chronic disease such as tuberculosis and diabetes. The objective of the study was to analyze the magnitude and relevance of tuberculosis-diabetes and diabetes-COVID-19 comorbidities in spatial risk areas and their factors associated with unfavorable outcomes in...

Background Influenza A outbreak risk is impacted by the potential for importation and local transmission. Reconstructing transmission history with phylogenetic analysis of genetic sequences can help assess outbreak risk but relies on regular collection of genetic sequences. Few influenza genetic sequences are collected in Japan, which makes phyloge...

SARS‐CoV‐2 continues to spread across the world as a highly transmissible endemic disease. For many cancer patients, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is unavoidable. It continues to disrupt cancer care, causing treatment delays and major psycho‐socio‐medical issues. At present, there is limited evidence on safe prescribing of anti‐cancer therapy, and safe trea...

The surveillance of symptoms related to pneumonia is increasingly crucial due to its widespread occurrence and similarity to symptoms exhibited in other contagious diseases such as influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and COVID-19. The timely identification of pneumonia can significantly diminish mortality rates. To tackle this issue, a pi...

Introduction This systematic review assessed the long-term psychological effects of severe respiratory infections—namely, bronchiolitis and influenza—in school-aged children (5–12 years). Methods PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials, cohort and longitudinal studies on school-aged children (5–12 ye...

The numerous specialised sectors of research and development in translational advanced Science and Technology research defy the domain and dimension, so also is environmental biotechnology. Pollution in every form derails the delicate environmental balance and impacts ecosystemic health and wellbeing. Environmental resilience and surveillance, wher...

Introdução: Desde os primórdios da humanidade, as diversas civilizações enfrentaram diversas doenças. Dentre as pandemias, podemos citar a peste bubônica, a varíola, a cólera, a gripe espanhola, o HIV, o H1N1 e a Covid-19. Estas duas últimas, mas recentes, tiveram um diferencial no compartilhamento de informações, graças aos avanços das tecnologias...

During the winter, healthcare systems experience additional pressures due to increases in respiratory infections and staff absence. We aimed to determine the prevalence of respiratory viruses and impact on sickness absence in the SIREN healthcare worker (HCW) cohort during winter 2023/24. SIREN is a cohort study with linked testing, vaccination, de...

Background/Object: This study investigates the in vitro antiviral potential of D-limonene (DLM), monolaurin (ML), and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) in formulations targeting SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses. The aim was to develop oral and nasal formulations with optimized concentrations of these active ingredients to evaluate their efficacy, safe...

The efficacy of the anti-influenza drugs was examined before and after the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. Anti-influenza drugs reduce the viral load, which leads to improvement of symptoms, a reduced illness period, suppression of complications, and protection from transmission. It is desirable to administer antiviral drugs within 48 hours of the onset of sym...

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel human coronavirus, emerged in late 2019 and rapidly evolved into a pandemic around the world. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has dramatically changed the epidemiology and seasonality of other traditional respiratory viruses, e.g., influenza, respiratory syncytial vir...

Background/Objectives: Despite being a vaccine-preventable disease, influenza continues to pose a significant global health challenge, with clinical severity increasing at the extremes of age. This study aimed to describe influenza hospitalizations and hospital-related fatality rates in Poland in the pre-pandemic and COVID-19 periods. Methods: This...

L'Iran ha consolidato la propria influenza in Medio Oriente attraverso il sostegno a gruppi militanti, combinando pragmatismo strategico, impegno ideologico e interessi legati alla sicurezza nazionale. Grazie al finanziamento, all'addestramento e alla fornitura di armi a organizzazioni come Hezbollah, le milizie sciite irachene, gli Houthi in Yemen...

This paper develops a granular regime-switching framework to model mortality deviations from seasonal baseline trends driven by temperature and epidemic shocks. The framework features three states: (1) a baseline state that captures observed seasonal mortality patterns, (2) an environmental shock state for heat waves, and (3) a respiratory shock st...

Background: Infectious respiratory pathogens like SARS-CoV-2 and influenza frequently mutate, leading to the emergence of variants. This necessitates continuous updates to FDA-approved vaccines with booster shots targeting the circulating variants. Vaccine hesitancy and needle injections create inconvenience and contribute to reduced global vaccina...

The pandemic threat from newly emerging viral diseases constitutes a major unsolved issue for global health. Antiviral therapy can play an important role in treating and preventing the spread of unprecedented viral infections. A repository of compounds exhibiting broad-spectrum antiviral activity against a series of different viral families would b...

Influenza is a common respiratory infection affecting persons of all ages and results in significant morbidity and mortality. Respiratory complications are well known, but important nonpulmonary complications are less well recognized. Neurologic complications following influenza infection may accompany the acute illness or may be chronic in nature....

The emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) and even extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains among H. influenzae was observed in some Asian countries. Herein, we reported the first XDR H. influenzae isolated in Geneva, Switzerland. This strain was isolated in a good-quality sputum sample from a 63 year-old male patient. There was no respiratory in...

Introduction: The Hajj pilgrimage is a pillar of Islam that must be carried out by every able-bodied Muslim. However, millions of pilgrims who gather each year face complex health challenges, including advanced age, comorbidities, and extreme environmental conditions. This study aims to identify the health risks of hajj pilgrims and the challenges...

Background Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are critical for influenza control and prevention, however, the data about such interventions are insufficient among students in grades below middle school. Hence, this study aims to explore the effectiveness of NPIs (class-suspension and symptom-based isolation) on the control of influenza spread...

Background Influenza is a relatively serious infection that causes considerable morbidity and mortality. Epidemics of influenza are reported almost every year. Methods Based on the Czech national all‐cause mortality and acute respiratory infection/influenza‐like illness surveillance data for the 1999/2000 to 2019/2020 influenza seasons, excess dea...

Background Influenza vaccination is recommended annually based on the evolving nature of influenza viruses and the waning of vaccine‐induced immunity. The timing of vaccination is usually before the winter influenza season in most temperate locations, where the seasonality is clear and influenza activities on average last no longer than 6 months. H...

Background This study aimed to establish a Severity Scale for influenza and other acute respiratory infections (ARI), requiring hospitalization, for surveillance and research purposes (the SevScale). Such a scale could aid the interpretation of data gathered from disparate settings. This could facilitate pooled analyses linking viral genetic sequen...

Background : Studies comparing the efficacy and safety of different antiviral drugs for pediatric influenza remain limited. This study aimed to compare the clinical features of influenza A and B in children and evaluate the safety and efficacy of oseltamivir, baloxavir marboxil, and peramivir to optimize antiviral treatment strategies for pediatric...

Since the first emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses in dairy cattle, the virus has continued to spread, reaching at least 16 states and at least 950 dairy herds in the United States. Subsequently, spillovers of the virus from dairy cattle to humans have been reported. Pigs are an important reservoir in influenza ecolo...

Citation: Ambrosi, L.; Nicolì, S.; Ferorelli, D.; Straface, A.; Benevento, M.; Solarino, B. Migratory Flows and Endomyocardial Fibrosis: A Mysterious Disease in Western Countries. Forensic Sci. 2025, 5, 11. Abstract: Background-Endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) is a chronic restrictive cardiomy-opathy endemic to tropical and subtropical regions, charac...

In few years, Chile went from a pre-transition situation to a post-epidemiological transition situation between 1970 and 1990. The post-transition continued from 1990 to 2000, when cancer became the first cause of death, and neurological-degenerative diseases increased. This corresponds to the fourth phase of the epidemiological transition or prolo...

Administering influenza vaccines can prevent seasonal influenza and prevent or reduce the severity of influenza-related serious complications in diabetic patients. We aimed to assess the knowledge about seasonal influenza and its vaccines and the practice of influenza vaccination in a sample of Iraqi diabetic patients.A cross-sectional study was co...

Background The COVID‐19 pandemic has reshaped the landscape of respiratory viral infections globally. This study examines these changes on Reunion Island, a French department in the southeastern Indian Ocean. Methods Retrospective data from 2017 to 2023, from over 24,000 samples collected across the hospital system, partner laboratories, and a net...

We designed, developed, and clinically tested two rapid antigen-based immunosensors for SARS-CoV-2 detection, enabling diagnosis and viral load quantification for under USD $2. In a first clinical study, a screen-printed disposable carbon-based (SPC) sensor was assessed on prospectively recruited adult participants classified into three study group...

La straordinaria fioritura edilizia che caratterizza Ravenna tra V e VI secolo arricchisce la città di un numero straordinario di nuove infrastrutture: palazzi, edifici religiosi, ancora ben visibili dopo il Mille e in gran parte anche agli inizi del XIV se-colo, quando sale al soglio arcivescovile Rinaldo da Concorrezo. Una importante metamorfosi...

Background: This study aimed to identify the distribution of bacteria causing community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) among inpatients at the Respiratory Department of Hai Phong Children's Hospital and their antibiotic-resistance properties. Methods and Results: This study analyzed data of 653 inpatients aged 2 months to under 15 years diagnosed with CA...

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo principal identificar los agentes etiológicos responsables de las infecciones respiratorias agudas graves (IRAG) en el departamento del Huila durante el periodo 2022-2023. Con un diseño descriptivo y retrospectivo, se utilizaron datos del Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia en Salud Pública (SIVIGILA) para analizar tenden...

Ferrets are widely used to model airborne transmission of influenza viruses in humans. Airborne transmission is evaluated by infecting donor ferrets with a high virus dose (10 ⁶ infectious units) and monitoring transmission to contact animals sharing the same airspace. However, humans can be infected with a broad range of influenza virus doses. The...

If the immune system is an interconnected network, then the evolution of an archetype that is ideal for fighting one pathogen should result in tradeoffs decreasing its ability to fight others. How many archetypes are there in an immune system? We infected diverse mice with Plasmodium chabaudi, and identified five distinct archetypes of responses ba...

Recent studies have demonstrated that wearable devices, such as smartwatches, can accurately detect infections in presymptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. Yet, the extent to which smartwatches can contribute to prevention and control of infectious diseases through a subsequent reduction in social contacts is not fully understood. We developed a...

Objectives. This study aims to provide real-time surveillance of epidemiological outbreaks of avian influenza in humans and mammals. The primary objective is to understand and track the dynamics of outbreaks as they develop, facilitating timely interventions and informed public health decisions. The data collection is part of a broader initiative f...

Airborne transmission has been implicated as a major route for the spread of microorganisms, causing infectious disease outbreaks worldwide. This has been emphasized by the recent COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. There is thus an unmet need to develop technologies that arrest the spread of airborne infectious diseases by inactivat...

Background and Aims Influenza mortality rates varying across different populations. This study aims to assess influenza lethality in hospitalized adults (≥ 15 years) and identify key risk factors according to age. Methods We designed a retrospective study at Dr. Balmis General University Hospital (Alicante, Spain), including patients hospitalized...

Zusammenfassung Die Frage nach der Kosteneffektivität medizinischer Interventionen ist eine der zentralen Fragen der Gesundheitsökonomie. Dieses narrative Review untersucht die Kosteneffektivität von Impfungen gegen Influenza, SARS-CoV‑2 und das respiratorische Synzytial-Virus (RSV) unter Berücksichtigung aktueller gesundheitsökonomischer Analysen....

Background: Seasonal influenza currently remains a major public health concern for the community and, in particular, the health care worker (HCW). According to the World Health Organization, HCWs are among the high-risk categories for which vaccination is recommended, due to the derived absenteeism, productivity loss, and high probability of transm...

Antagonism of the neonatal Fc receptor through an engineered antibody Fc fragment, such as efgartigimod, results in a decrease in immunoglobulin G levels. This approach is being evaluated as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of IgG-mediated autoimmune diseases. Our goal was to evaluate the impact of mFc-ABDEG, a mouse-adapted antibody Fc fra...

We investigated the impact of in uenza A-H5N1 virus infection in a dairy herd. Clinical disease, which lasted for about three weeks, was recorded in 20.0% (777/3,876) of the adult cows. Milk losses of ~900 kg per cow were recorded in affected cows during a 60 day-post-outbreak period. Seroprevalence was 89.4% (570/637) in the herd, with 76.1% (485/...

Around 2005, influenza A virus (IAV) once again crossed species barriers and established a stable lineage within canine populations. Currently, avian-origin H3N2 canine influenza virus (CIV) is the only strain of influenza that is stably circulating in canine populations. Initially, this virus was detected exclusively in Asian countries, such as Ch...

Background Emerging evidence suggests coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection may increase the risk of developing dementia, although studies have reported conflicting findings. This meta-analysis aimed to synthesise the literature on the association between COVID-19 and the risk of new-onset dementia. Methods PubMed, Embase and Web of Scienc...

Objective The objective of this study is to perform a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the accuracy of signs, symptoms and case definitions for the diagnosis of influenza. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy. Setting Inpatient or outpatient setting. Participants Three databases (PubMed, CINAHL an...

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a pre-existing negative sense RNA virus of the family Paramyxoviridae, manifesting lower respiratory tract infections in children and adults above the age of 65 years. It replicates in a gradient manner similar to other paramyxovirus and spreads through droplets (released during cough or sneeze) or direct contact wit...

Background: Although mRNA vaccines have the potential to be developed and deployed rapidly to combat infectious diseases, the ideal method of administration and boosting schedule strategy for generating optimal immunogenicity is an area of active research. We compared the immune responses resulting from different schedules for prime–boost and boost...

Background: People working in health care are particularly vulnerable to catching influenza infection as they are always exposed to probable cases in hospital settings. Influenza is a communicable disease that transmits from patients to healthcare workers (HCWs) and vice versa. Contrary to most of the recommendations, influenza vaccination coverage...

Background Cancelled operations can potentially impact both health and patient experience through their effect on waiting times. However, identifying causal relationships is challenging. One possible solution is to consider ‘exogenous shocks’ to the system as a type of natural experiment to quantify impacts. In this study, we investigate the 2017/1...

INTRODUCTION: This work provides details and references that help to quantify the benefits of using ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light for air disinfection in aircraft vs. the risk of overexposure to UV-C for passengers and crew. The analysis estimates that due to the combined transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 and Influenza A...

Objective: Influenza, which is characterized by febrile nature and acute respiratory manifestations, poses a significant threat to children with respect to morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess influenza infection data among children during periods of enforced isolation and subsequently when these measures were lifted. Methods: This...

Recombination plays a central role in the evolution of the RNA virus genome, as it allows the exchange of genetic material between different viral lineages. Reassortment is a form of recombination specific to viruses with segmented genomes that involves the exchange of entire segments between lineages. This process has played a significant role in...

Neurological complications associated with influenza (NCIs) are rare events in adults. Influenza-associated encephalopathy is one of the most severe and frequently reported NCIs. The aim of this study is to describe the frequency and characteristics of NCIs in adults during 10 post-2009 pandemic influenza seasons. Data were obtained from the regist...

Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It can lead to mild to severe illness and can result in hospitalization and death. The flu virus is characterized by its ability to mutate, leading to seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics. Understanding the types, risk factors, history, sym...

Influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) is receiving increasing attention as a target for universal flu vaccines. Several broad NA inhibition monoclonal antibodies (BImAbs) targeting the highly conserved enzymatic pocket have been previously described. However, the molecular characteristics, clonal evolutionary trajectory, and B cell sources of BImAbs r...

Objetivo: Investigar os padrões de circulação para vírus respiratórios no período de janeiro de 2023 a maio de 2024 e descrever suas características epidemiológicas na cidade de Fortaleza, a partir de dados obtidos por testes moleculares baseados em PCR em tempo real (qPCR). Método: Foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico retrospectivo para investig...

A new and simple platform to produce a nanocarrier for small-peptide antigen delivery was developed. Virus-like particles (VLPs) were of interest due to their good cell-penetrating properties and ability to protect target molecules from degradation. In this study, the VLP that was entirely formed by influenza neuraminidase (NA), NA-VLPs, was employ...

Background: Endemic viruses are becoming increasingly the norm, and the development of a rapid and effective vaccine is necessary. Methods: Here, we used our StealthXTM exosome platform to express either Influenza H3 (StealthXTM-Hemagglutinin, STX-H3), SARS-CoV-2 Delta spike (StealthXTM-Spike, STX-S) or respiratory syncytial virus proteins (Stealth...

Reverse genetics systems for influenza C virus encounter challenges due to the inefficient production of infectious virus particles. In the present study, we explored the underlying cause by assessing the efficiency of generating influenza C virus-like particles (C-VLPs) containing specific virus RNA (vRNA) segments. Using 293T cells transfected wi...

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses are widespread in wild and domestic birds, causing severe economic damage to the global poultry industry. Moreover, viruses of this clade are known to cause infections in mammals, posing a potential pandemic threat. Due to the ongoing evolution and change in the dominant strains of...

Background. Influenza remains a significant public health issue, with seasonal trends varying across regions. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of influenza virus trends in Italy, leveraging epidemiological and virological data from the Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS). The primary objective is to assess influenza activity at both nati...

It is essential to understand the molecular mechanisms of influenza antiviral therapeutics to evaluate their efficacy. Virus plaque assays are commonly used to assess the antiviral effects of drugs on virus replication; however, this method is labor-intensive and can present challenges. We avoided this method by using a replication-competent influe...

Motivation Glycans bound to glycoproteins mediate immune response, including antibody recognition and immune evasion. Previously, we developed an in silico tool GLYCO (GLYcan COverage) to quantify the glycan shielding of a protein surface, applying it to various studies. However, GLYCO lacks sufficient computational efficiency when analyzing larger...

Most influenza vaccine studies evaluate acute antibody responses 1 month post-vaccination, leaving long-term immunity poorly understood. Here, we performed a combined analysis of 14 large-scale vaccine studies and conducted two new studies mapping antibody responses in high resolution from their inception out to 1 year post-vaccination. Vaccine ant...

Human B cell immunity to the influenza hemagglutinin (HA) stem region, a universal influenza vaccine target, is often stereotyped and immunogenetically restricted, posing challenges for study outside humans. Here, we show that macaques vaccinated with a HA stem immunogen elicit human-like public B cell lineages targeting two major conserved sites o...

Zusammenfassung Einleitung Weltweit stellen Pneumokokken die häufigste Ursache für Morbidität und Mortalität bei Infektionen der unteren Atemwege dar. Trotz Empfehlungen der Ständigen Impfkommission (STIKO) bleibt die Impfquote gegen Pneumokokken bei über 60-Jährigen in Deutschland niedrig. Daher wurden für diese Gruppe die Zusammenhänge zwischen...

Background/Objectives: Respiratory infections impact older adults due to immunosenescence and comorbidities, resulting in increased healthcare costs and mortality. While vaccination is a critical preventive measure, research on respiratory vaccines in older adults in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) remains underexplored. This study aims to ma...