Infectious Diseases - Science topic

In this study, an integer-order rabies model is converted into the fractional-order epidemic model. To this end, the Caputo fractional-order derivatives are plugged in place of the classical derivatives. The positivity and boundedness of the fractional-order mathematical model is investigated by applying Laplace transformation and its inversion. To...

ISSN 0717 7917 / www.blacpma.ms-editions.cl Articulo Original / Original Article 636 Conocimiento ancestral sobre el uso de plantas silvestres medicinales en el tratamiento de enfermedades en alpacas [Ancestral knowledge on the use of wild plants for the treatment of diseases in alpacas] Abstract: In the high Andean areas, the main economic activit...

On 27th January 2021, an outbreak of COVID-19 occurred at a large-scale factory (Factory P) in Cong Hoa industrial zone, Chi Linh district, Hai Duong Province, Vietnam. We conducted a retrospective observational study of the epidemiological profile of 1,180 workers of Factory P between 27 January and 30 March 2021, to investigate the epidemiologica...

Resumen Objetivo: describir la presentación clínica y el proceso diagnóstico de un paciente con tuberculosis peritoneal como reto clínico en un centro de alta complejidad de un país latinoamericano. Descripción del caso: un paciente masculino de 61 años procedente del área urbana de Cali consultó por edema en los miembros inferiores, ascitis, hipo...

Background Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have been reported to expand and have a potent ability in the expansion of regulatory T cells in malignant and infectious disease. The current study was performed to investigate the role of MDSCs and possible immune mechanisms in dampening immune responses of community acquired pneumonia (CAP). M...

Background The current prevalence and clinical burden of Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) infection in Apulia are unknown. This study aimed to define the current epidemiological scenario of delta infection and to detect difficulties in the diagnosis and clinical management of HDV patients in Apulia. Methods From May to September 2022, a fact-finding su...

A Covid-19 é uma doença infecciosa e devido a rápida transmissão do vírus, foi necessário a adoção do isolamento social. Entretanto, o isolamento social traz à tona muitos sentimentos e emoções, e por consequência, a busca do conforto pode ser encontrada no ato de comer. Essa mudança pode originar doenças crônicas ou piorar um quadro existente. O o...

The mechanisms underlying relationships between unhealthy physical environment in schools and infectious disease transmission among students are understudied. Drawing from Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, this chapter analyzes behavioral patterns as mechanisms by which an unhealthy physical school environment transmits infectious disease...

A fundamental question of any program focused on the testing and timely diagnosis of a communicable disease is its effectiveness in reducing community transmission. Unfortunately, direct estimation of this effectiveness is difficult in practice, elevating the value of mathematical modeling that can predict it from first principles. Here, we introdu...

The emergence of the infectious diseases, such as the novel coronavirus, as a significant global health threat has emphasized the urgent need for effective treatments and vaccines. As infectious diseases become more common around the world, it is important to have strategies in place to prevent and monitor them. This study reviews hybrid models tha...

Tunga spp. are fleas commonly found in impoverished tropical regions. In Vila Juerana, a tourist community in Ilheus, Bahia, Brazil, where tungiasis is endemic, dogs are the main host of fleas during their life cycle. However, there is no information about the role of cats and chickens in tungiasis in the village. Of the 272 households investigated...

Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease. The annual incidence of the disease varies across the globe and it is more common in tropical region. PALAPES are chosen for this study since their activities involved rigorous military exercise which can expose them to leptospiral infection from the environment. Objective: The objective of this s...

The aim of the study was to evaluate tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble intracellular adhesion molecules 1 (s-ICAM-1) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) DNA load levels as predictors of hepatological complications of EBV infection in children. The study group consisted of 54 children aged one to eighteen years, who were hospi...

Since the advent of hybridoma technology in the year 1975, it took a decade to witness the first approved monoclonal antibody Orthoclone OKT39 (muromonab-CD3) in the year 1986. Since then, continuous strides have been made to engineer antibodies for specific desired effects. The engineering efforts were not confined to only the variable domains of...

The study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of microalbuminuria among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Infectious Disease Control Center of Princess Marina Hospital, a Tertiary Clinic in Gaborone, Botswana. The risk factors of microalbuminuria were determi...

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a cell-surface receptor that plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Through the use of ligands engineered for the receptor, ACE2 imaging has emerged as a valuable tool for preclinical and clinical research. These can be used to visualize the expression and distribution of ACE2 in...

Hand hygiene is a crucial tool to limit the transmission of common respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. While hand sanitizers were ubiquitous early in the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of food establishments that have adequately maintained them remains unknown. Through systematic observations in 89 New York City food establishments, we foun...

Background/Aim: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases first emerged in Turkey in March 2020, spreading rapidly and peaking in April and May. This study aimed to assess individuals with loss of taste and smell who were admitted to our hospital with a COVID-19 diagnosis. Methods: Between March and June 2020, we retrospectively assessed 6966 patie...

Introdução: Modelos para identificação de padrões usam correlações para predizer desfechos de doenças. Se inseri nesse tema a Tuberculose (TB), uma doença infecciosa e transmissível, e uma das principais causas de morbimortalidade. Em 2020, no mundo, cerca de 9,9 milhões de pessoas adoeceu com TB, e 1,3 milhão foram a óbito. Objetivo: Nesse trabalh...

Infectious diseases pose a signifcant threat to human health worldwide. To address this challenge, we conducted a comprehensive study on the leaf and fower extracts of Clitoria ternatea plants. Our research encompassed in vitro assessments of their an-tibacterial, antibioflm, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties. Additionally, we employed in silic...

Resumo O macaco-prego (Sapajus nigritus) é um dos primatas que compõem a fauna silvestre do Rio Grande do Sul. Assim como outros animais silvestres, os primatas padecem de doenças infecciosas veiculadas por insetos, entre as quais, as filarioses. Este relato apresenta os aspectos anatomopatológicos de uma infecção multissistêmica por Dipetalonema s...

Background Norovirus is now recognized to be major cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, with significantly higher disease burden among immunocompromised patients. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Norovirus among HIV-infected patients and to evaluate the impact of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) status on Norovirus prevalence...

Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Danish National Institute for Infectious Disease, Statens Serum Institute (SSI) developed a home-based SARS-CoV-2 surveillance system. Aims We wanted to determine whether a cohort of individuals performing self-administered swabs for PCR at home could support surveillance of SARS-CoV-2, including detect...

Background Antibiotics are considered one of the most important contributions to clinical medicine in the last 100 years. As a consequence of the use and overuse of these drugs, there have been increasing frequencies of infections with resistant pathogens. One form of resistance, heteroresistance, is particularly problematic; pathogens appear sensi...

Background The sensitivity and specificity of selected antigen detection rapid diagnostic tests (AG-RDTs) for SARS-CoV-2 were determined in the unvaccinated population when the Delta variant was circulating. Viral loads, dynamics, symptoms and tissue tropism differ between Omicron and Delta. Aim We aimed to compare AG-RDT sensitivity and specifici...

Dengue disease epidemics have increased in time and space due to climatic and non-climatic factors such as urbanization. In the absence of an effective vaccine, preventing dengue outbreak relies on vector control activities. Employing computerized tools to predict outbreaks and respond in advance has great potential for improving dengue disease con...

INTRODUÇÃO: As Doenças Tropicais Negligenciadas (DTNs) conceituam-se por serem doenças infecciosas ocasionadas por diversos tipos de parasitas, dentre eles as leishmanias sp., causadoras das leishmanioses, uma das diversas complicações relatadas em países com baixo subsídio em saúde, tornando-se necessário a revisão de novas moléculas. Dessa maneir...

O artigo analisa o papel fundamental das Unidades Básicas de Saúde na promoção da saúde da comunidade da região do Forte São João em Vitória, Espírito Santo. Ao longo de sua história, que remonta a 1592, essa área enfrentou desafios, como acesso limitado a serviços e condições precárias de moradia. O estudo, baseado em dados da Secretaria Municipal...

Campioni di mitridatismo, i batteri antibiotico-resistenti costituiscono la seconda causa di morte per le persone in tutto il mondo, complici l’abuso di sostanze antibiotiche per la cura personale e l’allevamento intensivo e i cambiamenti climatici. Possibili soluzioni sono state oggetto di attenzione presso l’annuale European Congress of Clinical...

Zusammenfassung Die Steigerung der Lebenserwartung und der damit wachsende Anteil an Personen hohen Alters hat in den letzten Jahren in Deutschland zu einem zunehmenden Anteil an pflegebedürftigen Menschen geführt (Statistisches Bundesamt 2022). Nach Angaben des Statistischen Bundesamtes beträgt die Anzahl der Pflegebedürftigen derzeit ca. 4,1 Mio,...

Background The upper (URT) and lower (LRT) respiratory tract feature distinct environments and responses affecting microbial colonization but investigating the relationship between them is technically challenging. We aimed to identify relationships between taxa colonizing the URT and LRT and explore their relationship with development during childh...

cAtualizaciones en Sida nació como una publicación dedicada exclusivamente a aspectos relacionados a la infección por HIV, como órgano de difusión de la Fundación Huésped en el año 1993. Desde el año 2013, a través de la publicación conjunta con la Sociedad Argentina de Infectología (SADI), amplió el temario a todos los aspectos relacionados a las...

Background and Aim: One Health (OH) approach can be used in multiple ways to tackle a wide range of complex problems, making OH research applications and definitions difficult to summarize. To improve our ability to describe OH research applications, we aimed to characterize (1) the terms used in OH definitions within primary research articles repo...

The rapid progress in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and natural language processing has led to the emergence of increasingly sophisticated large language models (LLMs) enabling their use in healthcare. The study assesses the performance of two LLMs: the GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 models in passing the medical examination for access to medical s...

O SARS-CoV-2 é um vírus de cadeia simples, responsável por causar uma doença infecciosa com alto poder de transmissão, podendo afetar múltiplos órgãos e sistemas. Diante do cenário de pandemia, grupos vulneráveis à infecção passaram a ser identificados a exemplo das gestantes, devido às suas alterações imunológicas e fisiológicas, apresentando uma...

Background Contact tracing (CT) is a key strategy when dealing with outbreaks of infectious diseases such as COVID-19. The scale of the COVID-19 pandemic has often left public health professionals (PHPs), who are responsible for the execution of CT, unable to keep up with the rapid and largescale spread of the virus. To enhance or support its execu...

Infectious diseases caused by Aeromonas hydrophila (AH) have reduced the populations of Rana dybowskii). However, little is known about the immune response of R. dybowskii against AH infections. The toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway has been identified as a critical component in innate immunity, responsible for identifying pathogen-associa...

Background Depressive disorders have been associated with TPH2 gene polymorphisms. Additionally, HIV-1 antiretroviral drugs (ART) such as efavirenz (EFV) have been reported to cause neuropsychiatric adverse effects. Objective This study aimed to determine the genotypes and allelic frequencies of TPH2 SNPs (rs120074175, rs1386493, rs4570625, and rs...

A sífilis gestacional (SG) é uma doença infecciosa preocupante, podendo ser transmitida da mãe para o feto, causando sérias complicações para a saúde da gestante e do recém-nascido. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a epidemiologia da sífilis gestacional no Nordeste brasileiro, com enfoque em dados coletados entre 2018 e 2021. Utilizando infor...

Las enfermedades infecciosas constituyen hoy día una de las causas de muerte más frecuente en niños y adultos jóvenes, particularmente en el tercer mundo, en Ecuador en el 2018 la hepatitis A ocupo el segundo lugar de enfermedades crónicas con un 75% luego le sigue VIH a su vez hepatitis B afecta a un 5-10% de las personas infectadas por el VIH, po...

Introdução: O uso de antimicrobianos é muitas vezes necessário no manejo das doenças infecciosas bucais. Infelizmente, essas drogas ocasionam com frequência efeitos colaterais desagradáveis, sendo o mais grave a resistência microbiana. Nesse contexto, produtos derivados de plantas surgem como fontes abundantes de novos compostos biologicamente ativ...

Introdução: Ao ponderar o panorama da pandemia e a experiência no manejo de gestações compli­cadas decorrentes de infecções por outros coronavírus, considerou-se a vulnerabilidade das grávidas ao SARS-CoV-2. Objetivos: Analisar as evidências científicas e descrever as principais complicações maternas e fetais associadas à covid-19 durante a gestaçã...

Introdução: Ainda é possível observar o reflexo que a pandemia da síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (aids) representa desde meados de 1980. Esse fenômeno global trouxe consigo diversas formas de precon­ceitos, estigmas, mudanças nas relações sociais, mentais e físicas do indivíduo, modificando sua quali­dade de vida (QV). Objetivo: Analisar a...

Background Emerging arboviral diseases in Europe pose a challenge due to difficulties in detecting and diagnosing cases during the initial circulation of the pathogen. Early outbreak detection enables public health authorities to take effective actions to reduce disease transmission. Quantification of the reporting delays of cases is vital to plan...

Background Salmonella meningitis is a rare but serious complication of Salmonella infection, primarily affecting infants, children, and immunocompromised individuals. Case presentation We present a case of a two-and-a-half-year-old Asian boy who developed Salmonella meningitis along with pneumonia and respiratory failure. Initially, he experienced...

Epidemiological surveillance is a critical tool to monitor the population's health and facilitate the prevention and control of infectious disease outbreaks. Bacterial infections are well known as one of the leading causes of global infection-related morbidity and mortality. Our study summarizes the number of bacterial infectious diseases in Saudi...

Le cerveau est un organe complexe et tout modèle pour l'étudier dans ses aspects normaux et pathologiques devient un outil de choix en neurobiologie. La maîtrise et la diffusion de protocoles permettant le développement d'organoïdes cérébraux ont ouvert la voie à de nouvelles études dans le domaine du développement du cerveau, de la modélisation de...

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a hyperinflammatory syndrome characterized by cytokine storms leading to multi-organ dysfunction and is a highly fatal disease. Infectious diseases are the most common cause of secondary HLH. A wide variety of infections can lead to secondary HLH. In this case series, we report five cases of HLH which had...

Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) provides HIV-infected people life expectancy comparable with HIV-uninfected people and turns the disease into a manageable chronic condition necessitating the need for innovative inflammatory markers. Our purpose was to determine the correlation between IL-6, D-dimer and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs...

A Organização Mundial de Saúde – OMS é uma agência pertencente às Nações Unidas que tem como objetivo conectar nações, parceiros e pessoas para promover a saúde, manter o mundo seguro e servir os vulneráveis – para que todos, em todos os lugares, possam atingir o mais alto nível de saúde. Visto que sua missão é universalizar a saúde de forma equâni...

Purpose-This investigates the effects of the historical prevalence of infectious diseases on contemporary entrepreneurship. Previous studies reveal numerous proximate causes of entrepreneurship, but little is known about the fundamental determinants of this widespread economic concern. Design/methodology/approach-The central hypothesis is that hist...

Infectious diseases pose significant public health risks, necessitating effective control strategies. One such strategy is implementing a voluntary vaccination policy, which grants individuals the autonomy to make their own decisions regarding vaccination. However, exploring different approaches to optimize disease control outcomes is imperative by...

Objective Sepsis remains a high cause of death, particularly in immunocompromised patients with cancer. The study was to develop a model to predict hospital mortality of septic patients with cancer in intensive care unit (ICU). Design Retrospective observational study. Setting Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC IV) and eICU Col...

The replication-transmission relativity theory, currently used to inform the development of multiscale models of infectious disease dynamics, needs a revision and extension to accommodate new basic science and clinical information about infectious disease dynamics. In this article, we revise and extend the replication-transmission relativity theory...

Robots have been developed for use in a variety of settings over the past decade. Examples of applications include rehabilitation and mobility, surgery, telepresence, and social assistance. These technological innovations have incredible potential in helping combat the spread of infectious diseases around the world. In this paper, the applications...

This study explores the role of geographers in analyzing the distribution of infectious diseases (malaria and COVID-19) in Ambon City with a spatial approach in epidemiological analysis. The method used in this review is a comparative descriptive study with a qualitative approach using secondary data from relevant sources. This research will review...

Introduction: Depression is up to five times more prevalent in people living with HIV (PLWHIV). There are neurohormonal, virological and psychosocial factors involved and it is associated with antiretroviral treatment non-adherence, decreased life expectancy, faster progression to AIDS and premature death. Studies support that with lower CD4 levels...

Infectious disease mortality have occurred often, raising public awareness of their hazards and advancing global antibiotic research. On the other hand, higher antibiotic levels in natural ecosystems are a result of increased antibiotic demand and use. Gene mutations causing antibiotic resistance in bacterial populations were brought on by natural...

The last year saw intensive efforts to advance knowledge in pediatric medicine. This review highlights important publications that have been issued in the Italian Journal of Pediatrics in 2022. We have chosen papers in the fields of allergy, anesthesiology, cardiology, dermatology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, genetics, global health, infectiou...

A systematic review (SR) of published efficacy studies in visceral leishmaniasis (VL) was carried out to describe methodological aspect of design, analysis, conduct and reporting. Studies published during 2000-2021 and indexed in the Infectious Diseases Data Observatory (IDDO) VL library of clinical studies were eligible for inclusion (n=89 studies...

Background: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a public health concern that threatens the health of children. Accurately forecasting of HFMD cases multiple days ahead and early detection of peaks in the number of cases followed by timely response are essential for HFMD prevention and control. However, many studies mainly predict future one-day...

In recent years, while the relationship between the new financial institutions, represented by financial technology companies, and the traditional financial institutions(banks, securities, insurance, etc.) has been steadily enhanced, a New Relational Network has silently emerged. Along with the rapid expansion of big fintech companies, the possibil...

Theory predicts that temperature fluctuations should reduce performance near an organism’s thermal optimum. A new study in PLOS Biology found fluctuations increased parasite transmission instead, highlighting questions about how climate change will impact infectious diseases.

Arboviruses (arthropod-borne-viruses) are an emerging global health threat that are rapidly spreading as climate change, international business transport, and landscape fragmentation impact local ecologies. Since its initial detection in 1999, West Nile virus has shifted from being a novel to an established arbovirus in the United States of America...

Background Infectious disease (ID) clinicians can provide essential services for febrile patients in tertiary hospitals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of ID consultations (IDC) in managing hospitalized patients with infections in an oriental medical hospital (OMH), which serves as a long-term care facility. To our knowledge, this i...

We aimed to highlight the complexity of the field of clinical infectious diseases compared to other medical specialties. Using available metrics, the body of knowledge within clinical infectious diseases is comparatively large and complex. This increasing complexity is underappreciated by current physician compensation schemes, needs to be carefull...

b>Introduction: Throughout the history, infectious diseases have been the most serious cause of morbidity and mortality of the population worldwide, as over the years there have been–and with the development of human activities–many significant outbreaks of infectious diseases. The threats they pose, including their resistance to antibiotics, make...

Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus is a rare etiologic agent of bacterial meningitis in humans. The disease is a zoonotic infection and is transmitted through close contact with domestic animals, mainly horses. Only 37 cases of Streptococcus zooepidemicus meningitis have been reported in the literature until July 2023. The aim of this study is...

La legislación argentina en enfermedades infecciosas fue variando a través del tiempo según el contexto de cada momento, desde la Ley de Profilaxis Antivenérea (Ley 12331/36), la Ley de SIDA (Ley 23798/90) hasta llegar a la reciente Ley de respuesta integral al virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), hepatitis virales (B y/o C), otras Infecciones...

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on medical practices, including the delivery of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). In response, transplant centers have made changes to their procedures, including an increased use of cryopreservation for allogeneic haematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) grafts. The use of cryoprese...

RESUMO: Introdução: A Covid-19 é uma doença infecciosa causada pelo coronavírus que acomete o sistema respiratório e gerou muitas problemáticas após a sua manifestação. Atrelado a ela, notou-se o surgimento de queixas relativas a alterações neurológicas que vão desde um simples episódio de amnésia transitória global até casos mais graves como encef...

Mood disorders are among the commonest mental disorders worldwide. Epidemiological and clinical evidence suggests that there are close links between infectious diseases and mood disorders, but the strength and direction of these association remain largely unknown. Theoretical models have attempted to explain this link based on evolutionary or immun...