Infants - Science topic

I like modeling, when you have good predictor data for the model(s). But you have to have those predictor data.

yes bubbles can affect the reproducibility of the peak because when there are bubbles in the syringe, the volume of mobile phase that is aspirated from the syringe (which is used to inject and aspirate the sample) is not correct due to the bubbles of air so the volume of the sample is corrupted.

To monitor the carry over try to run a sample and then do another one by injecting only the mobile phase: you should not see peak or see a very small one

1. Kenny, J.F., Barber, N.L., Hutson, S.S., Linsey, K.S., Lovelace, J.K., and Maupin, M.A. 2009. Estimated use of water in the United States in 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1344Exit Exit EPA website.

2. Nolan, B.T. and Hitt, K.J. 2006. Vulnerability of shallow groundwater and drinking-water wells to nitrate in the United StatesExit Exit EPA website. Environmental Science and Technology. Vol. 40, no. 24, pp. 7834-7840.

3. U.S. Geological Survey. GWAVA dataset for shallow groundwater and drinking water wells

1. Dubrovsky, N.M., Burow, K.R., Clark, G.M., Gronberg, J.M., Hamilton P.A., Hitt, K.J., Mueller, D.K., Munn, M.D., Nolan, B.T. Puckett, L.J., Rupert, M.G., Short, T.M., Spahr, N.E., Sprague, L.A., and Wilber, W.G. 2010. The quality of our Nation’s waters—Nutrients in the Nation’s streams and groundwater, 1992–2004: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1350Exit Exit EPA website.

2. DeSimone, L.A. 2009. Quality of water from domestic wells in principal aquifers of the United States, 1991–2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5227Exit Exit EPA website.

3. Madison, R.J. and Brunett, J.O. 1985. Overview of the occurrence of nitrate in ground water of the United States, in National Water Summary 1984-Hydrologic Events, Selected Water-Quality Trends, and Ground-Water Resources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2275Exit Exit EPA website, pp. 93-105.

Thank you!

Hello again Yazeed,

If you're only sampling cases for which the referent condition/method (here, rectal temperature) shows positive, you'll never be able to estimate specificity for the trial condition/method (here, axillary). The only way to estimate specificity is to amass a number of cases in which the referent condition shows negative results, and record the trial condition results for those cases.

Since all 201 of the cases were positive for the referent condition, then did you test only 159+36 = 195 of these cases using the axillary method? Was there some reason for not testing the other 6 cases (or were these records somehow unusable)?

Good luck with your work.

You can check this: https://www.nrv.gov.au/introduction for more information

Can you elaborate more regarding inability to eat ; is he can not suck , in coordination sucking -swallowing or anorexia , what about his Hb

Dear friends l am really happy to receive your answer, however, there is some other toxic material synthesized during pod development of fababeans, cyinoalinine, which digested to reliase cyanide a toxic to consumer ..... in developed pod this above mentioned compound will detoxified into as I recall to serine....

Please keep in contact if you do not mind

Check https://www.researchgate.net/publication/45187406_Raman_spectroscopic_quantification_of_milk_powder_constituents

Dear Ashok Chandrasekaran

The protocol you sent is merely used for measuring total bilirubin. At the moment, I am interested in assessing direct bilirubin. Could you possibly tell me how I can estimate that one if you know?

Thank you.

Very good initiative. My best wishes!

Hi,

Here are few references which could be helpful for you:

Randle SC. Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: A Review. Pediatr Ann. 2017 Apr 1;46(4):e166-e171. doi: 10.3928/19382359-20170320-01

MacKeigan JP, Krueger DA. Differentiating the mTOR inhibitors everolimus and sirolimus in the treatment of tuberous sclerosis complex. Neuro Oncol. 2015 Dec;17(12):1550-9. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/nov152. Epub 2015 Aug 19. PMID: 26289591

Wang S, Liu Y, Wei J, Zhang J, Wang Z, Xu Z. Tuberous Sclerosis Complex in 29 Children: Clinical and Genetic Analysis and Facial Angiofibroma Responses to Topical Sirolimus. Pediatr Dermatol. 2017 Sep;34(5):572-577. doi: 10.1111/pde.13204

Kadish NE, Riedel C, Stephani U, Wiegand G. Developmental outcomes in children/adolescents and one adult with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and refractory epilepsy treated with everolimus. Epilepsy Behav. 2020 Oct;111:107182. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107182

Having worked with families of children from low socioeconomic backgrounds, Educating families about individual temperament and cues which signal "ready to learn" and an interest in the exercise come before stimulation. Nutrition of course is key.

Also check https://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/iycf_indicators_for_peer_review.pdf

Hi,

Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, however, requires country-specific standardization.

Probably you can look at the cross-references from the references given below

Wu W, Qu G, Wang L, Tang X, Sun YH. Meta-analysis of the mental health status of left-behind children in China. J Paediatr Child Health. 2019 Mar;55(3):260-270. doi: 10.1111/jpc.14349

Cook F, Conway LJ, Giallo R, Gartland D, Sciberras E, Brown S. Infant sleep and child mental health: a longitudinal investigation. Arch Dis Child. 2020 Jul;105(7):655-660. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2019-318014

Wozney L, Radomski AD, Newton AS. The Gobbledygook in Online Parent-Focused Information about Child and Adolescent Mental Health. Health Commun. 2018 Jun;33(6):710-715. doi: 10.1080/10410236.2017.1306475.

Stewart SL, Hamza CA. The Child and Youth Mental Health Assessment (ChYMH): An examination of the psychometric properties of an integrated assessment developed for clinically referred children and youth. BMC Health Serv Res. 2017 Jan 26;17(1):82. doi: 10.1186/s12913-016

:

Finger paint or hand printing.

NO as i know it is diagnosed by smear

Have a look at https://www.slhd.nsw.gov.au/rpa/neonatal/html/newprot/tpn.html

https://www.nature.com/articles/pr1993813.pdf?proof=true19

This Groningen Protocol is about active euthanasia in newborns and active euthanasia is still not allowed in many countries, including ours. But, passive euthanasia is legalized and can be utilized in newborns also, if used properly.

The prospect of euthanasia in my opinion is bright in days to come, because there are multiple neonatal conditions where the future prognosis is too grim, both for the child and their caregivers. Many a times, these children become the victim of neglect, as the parents or caregivers are drained out both emotionally and financially. Otherwise, parents just waste away their lives bonding too much with their debilitated offspring. Either way, the society is at a loss.

Infant adoption: Psychosocial outcomes in adulthood

S Collishaw, B Maughan, A Pickles - Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 1998 -

Adoption studies are able to provide important insights into the impact of changed rearing environments for children's development. A number of studies reporting on the childhood adjustment of adoptees have found an increased risk for disruptive behaviour problems when compared with children brought up in intact families. The long-term implications of adoption for psychosocial adjustment in adult life are less clear. We have used data from the National Child Development Study (NCDS) to examine the psychosocial functioning over a number of life-domains of an unselected sample of adoptees, non-adopted children from similar birth circumstances, and other members of the cohort. Adopted women showed very positive adult adjustment across all the domains examined in this study, whilst our findings suggest some difficulty in two specific domains (employment and social support) for adopted men. Implications of the fndings are discussed.

Please refer to the following article for this:

MATLAB code provided in MathWorks File Exchange:

Respiratory rate estimation from ECG and/or PPG:

https://in.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/55289-respiratory-rate-estimation

Follow a series of publications on the estimation of respiratory rate from ECG/PPG:

http://peterhcharlton.github.io/RRest/publications.html

Hope this will help to implement your idea.

Ritika Jain Thank you so much for your answer!

Dear Dr Havy,

What level of accuracy are you looking for?

Wouldn't two cameras (sagittal / frontal) be enough?

With real motion capture system, Vicon Cara could certainly help you.

Best regards,

In India Some Government Institutes and , in Andhra Pradesh, in SIFT, kakinada, both long term and short term training are available

when you say 'infants' , whats the age group you are referring to?

for most of us, audiologists and SLPs the typical age group is 1.5 yrs and above,

And there is no debate there... auditory verbal therapy is a valid option there...

In South Africa we follow the above. All babies receive BCG at birth as per national immunization schedule unless they are born premature or ill when it is given before discharge from hospital. All mothers are screened routinely for HIV (2x during pregnancy and at birth if not tested before). If the mom is found to be positive - PMTCT is started for mom and baby once born and is very effective in preventing infection. If any direct contact with TB patients in the home the baby is started on INH prophylaxis. This may differ in areas of the world with low HIV/TB incidence and the BCG can then be safely delayed.

ELISA can be false positive in babies up to 18months due to mom's IgG crossing the placenta. If the mom is HIV + we do a PCR at birth and again at six weeks to confirm HIV status. Another final test is done six weeks after stopping breast feeding. The PCR will probably be replaced by P24 antigen or a another test with shorter window period in the near future. In low income settings exclusive breast feeding is advised for 6 months and then completely stopped as long as mom is on ARV, as the risk of malnutrition is weighed against the risk of HIV infection with an undetectable viral load. Mixed feeding is discouraged due to higher risk of HIV transmission through the gut.

Some cultures value age very highly because it is associated with "wisdom", some cultures value childhood very highly because children can encourage in their spontaneity, creativity and zest for life.

The comparison between old age and childhood is poetic and does not have to be humiliating. Here, for example, the "memory of childhood" can evoke very valuable thoughts; the need for care also has early childhood and old age in common. This does not have to be evaluated negatively in any way. There are - unfortunately - also derogatory judgements in a society, for both childhood and old age.

Hi,

I think that the address for this data set is:

https://www.nitrc.org/projects/pediatric_mri/

Sure? For lay-people...?

PDFhttps://www.health.gov.fj › 2014/05 › Ve...

Hello,

If I well undertood your question, I think here you can use the Bayes Theorme, based on clinic litterature if you have about this specific test. we can consider the ultrasound results as a priori information about the clinic test, and the Gold-standard one as the real data (x).

I can reformulate your problem as :

If your test results come back positive when using ultrasound method, what are your chances that children actually have the disease (with G-S method) ?

CHELLAI. F

Hi dear Lori

I did not research on this topic but I searched for your question and I can introduce this article to you:

I hope you find it helpful

Thank you for suggesting these resources. I am using the UNICEF IYCF images though we were receiving some feedback that the foods didn't look enough like local culture in the country we are using them in thus I was looking for more images.

Dear Dr. Jenmalm

Interesting articles!

Thank you so much for providing those useful informations.

Best regards,

Naruaki Imoto

HCV infection in pregnancy has many aspects both for mother and child. Regarding effect on each other, neither alters the course of the other in general [except if the HCV related liver disease is end stage when effect on mother and fetus are due to the decompensated liver rather than HCV per se]. Mothers having high HCV RNA and concurrent HIV infection are more likely to pass HCV to fetus [3-5%]. Since no vaccination is available against hepatitis C it is always advisable to screen pregnant women for Anti HCV. If RNA is present treatment with DAAs can be instituted in early phase of pregnancy to prevent transmission to offspring. It is best to avoid surgical interventions for delivery [like ARM, CS] Breastfeeding is not contraindicated in HCV positive mothers. Acute HCV infections if detected during infancy [rare occurence] should be treated.

Dear Emily,

Thanks for your question.

On tose papers I used non-anthropomorphic models, but you may contact Richard Kramer from Federal University of Pernambuco ( ). I use to use his anthropomorphic models. His working team created a family of phantoms. You may use CT images to create your phantom too (even personalized ones). If you are interested to create your phantoms you may contact me by close message.

Hope it may be useful,

Gabriela

@Cara Skon Hegg - awesome, thank you. I will write you an email. Thanks :-) Teresa

You are on the right track but you need to understand the logic of the situation.

The need to involve various groups depends on the expected exposure situation. If you e.g. are dealing with staff > 20 years from a minor local onsite release, you limit your group accordingly. Observe that if you are concerned with releases to the general public you might still be OK with the average groups.

You can check it yourself by making your own parallel calculations. You might find that one infant + one adult etc. for all the groups, exposed at one situation may give you the same detriment/person as one individual receiving the same dose distributed over a lifetime.

Dear András Jakab , please take a look at https://la.mathworks.com/help/signal/ref/xcov.html, which computes the lagged cross-covariance function. You just have to apply xcov to multiple ROI timecourses and store the results in the anti-symmetric matrix T.

I would call the chief IRB authority in France for their direction. For further discussion, you may want to contact a university-related IRB in France near you and ask for their help and advice.

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Fekri_Dureabشكرا على المشاركة د. فكري دريب

Is it possible to start KD as first option in GLUT1 syndrome?

Dear Dr. Gänzle

Thank you very much for your reply.

 As you mentioned, the mode of delivery and feeding methods seem to be important for the bacterail colonization to infants' guts. We confirmed  in the previous study (https://rdcu.be/3q6M DOI:10.1038/s41372-018-0172-1) that mode of delivery had a substantial impact, however, there were no differences in the composition of gut microbiota between breast-fed infants and mixed or exclusively milk-fed infants. 

 Regarding the impact of feeding methods, you mentioned that the human oligosaccharides are the same in Japanese and Scandinavian mothers. Has this been established?

 I still wonder whether this similarity in human milk between the two distant regions also applies to other ethnic backgrounds, because even among European countries, the composition of the gut microbiota varies even after weaning period (Microbiology (2011), 157, 1385–1392, Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition 51(1):77-84). 

Does the similarity come from just the way the mothers give milk, from the genetic factor, or some common lifestyle or culture (for example, fish based diet) between the two?  

It would be grateful if you could advise me on this topic again.

Sincerely

Naruaki Imoto

I agree with Melissa. In our experience, early skin to skin has allowed infants to recognize the breast faster by 32-34 weeks, to promote brief but early latches, and then progress to more successful breastfeeding as their clinical status improves. We use fortified supplementation to support growth that continues, in many cases, for a short period after discharge.

Mothers also show greater skill and confidence prior to discharge.

There's also this, but it has not been used for infants less than 9 months old. You need a time stamp on the recording, and behaviours are coded for 30 consecutive 10-second blocks.

Nice work, keep it up!

From the infant toddler stage so very young, I think that the first documented pieces start at about 2 yrs of age. I would have to check it up though. I am sure they have a permanent atelierista that works across the classes from 0 to 3 yrs.

another potential useful source, pdf free available.

i assume that you simply want an accurate estimate of the incidence ?

Sample size estimation in epidemiologic studies

Karimollah Hajian-Tilaki, PhD*

Remnants of mesodermal tissue in the anterior chamber angle causing resistance to aqueous humor outflow resulted in increased IOP causing optic nerve atrophy and opacification of transparent cornea , enlarged globe due to elasticity of sclera -buphthalm. Management-surgery goniotomy

Thank you all! your suggestions were very helpful

yes, for sure, we have data during venous puncture, as published

Assessment of pain expression in infant cry signals using empirical mode decomposition.

Mijović B, Silva M, Van den Bergh BR, Allegaert K, Aerts JM, Berckmans D, Van Huffel S.Methods Inf Med. 2010;49(5):448-52. doi: 10.3414/ME09-02-0033. Epub 2010 Jun 22.

PMID: 20582383

Decoupling between fundamental frequency and energy envelope of neonate cries.

Silva M, Mijovic B, Van den Bergh BR, Allegaert K, Aerts JM, Van Huffel S, Berckmans D.

Early Hum Dev. 2010 Jan;86(1):35-40. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2009.12.006. Epub 2010 Jan 22

If they could help that would be wonderful. I will try but so far no non-profit agrees with my approach. Thanks.

I use it everyday in my daily practice and it helps a lot to monitor my babies asymmetries.

of course it does not allow a volume assesment but it gives us a great idea of what is going on.

some other potential useful references:

Screening in Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH).

Paton RW.

Surgeon. 2017 Oct;15(5):290-296. doi: 10.1016/j.surge.2017.05.002

How to use… Hip examination and ultrasound in newborns.

Collins-Sawaragi YC, Jain K.

Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed. 2018 Feb;103(1):34-40

Hi, Karel. Thank you. That's actually what I'm not sure about. If the nerve fibers refer to the thickness of hair in a person providing the touch or whether every person really has nerve fibers that differ from the rest..

Hi Karel, thanks for the answer, may I know did you use Protease Inhibitor Cocktail in your samples?

the easiest and most open answer is we don't really know and practices vary. A warm open bed may be an approach to wean from an isolette, and i do recommend to follow the weight gain/evolution throughout the weaning.

https://oehha.ca.gov/air/general-info/oehha-acute-8-hour-and-chronic-reference-exposure-level-rel-summary

Except when the symptom picture looks like celiac disease and yes taste is a sensory function, which is impaired in most autistics. If so many systems are involved then one would imagine that there was something central to all of it and labyrinthine mechanisms are not it - but part of something underneath it all. But, back to my original question which was not about autistics but all of us. What neurophysiological changes are associated with the emergence of self-identity, if any? Does body image à la Henry Head have anything to do with this?

Our NICU offers only fresh mother's milk for preterm babies. We have a organized place for extraction, the newest fresh milk is always offered on same day. The excess is first refrigerated and if not used, only then it is frozen. We are currently analyzing data comparing pasteurized human milk and mother's own fresh milk and expect to publish some answers by the end of this year.

infants' fontanele is still open and their bones are elastoc, so any increase of intracranial pressure will be compensated by enlargement of head circumference until one point where they can not compensate any longer. it is then when you may find papiledema.

Hello Anna. I read your question and wondered if the use of the traditional risk assessment approach is the best means of addressing the issue. It's not completely clear to me from your question what you would like to achieve by calculating the risks, but I would emphasise that using the risk assessment approach you mention will probably give you very conservative estimates of risk related to these chemical exposures. I would highly recommend that if you want to calculate realistic (i.e. non-conservative) estimates of risk, you should consider using epidemiological data to support your assessment i.e. calculate the attributable risk associated with exposure to these POPs using odds ratios (or relative risks) from epidemiological studies. Although the exposures and outcomes are different, I wrote a paper about how and why to use epidemiological data in support of risk assessment. I hope it's helpful.

The biggest advantage of Deep Learning is that we do not need to manually extract features from the image. The network learns to extract features while training. You just feed the image to the network (pixel values).

What you need is to define the Neural Network architecture and a labeled dataset.

In your case you need a set of images and, for each image, you need to know if the person is crying or not.

For the NN architecure, you can choose a standard architecture such as VGG, GoogleNet or ResNet.

You should consider using a network that was trained on a large dataset (ImageNet) and finetune it to your application. This is called Transfer Learning and you can see some examples here: https://keras.io/applications/

I strongly advise you to spend some time learning about Machine Learning/Deep Learning. There are some good online courses (Coursera, CS231N) that will help you get started. Also, I would advise you to read some papers on the subject.

I will never suggest such management. Make sure it is not due to nasolacrimal duct obstruction which I remember eye doctors suggest to use gentle pressure over the  puncta to pump it open.

Dr. Sivakumaran, I have gone through all the cases reported till now. The problem is nobody has made any consensus regarding this topic.

But anyways , thank you for your opinion.

Dear, I have no knowledge.

Dear Robert,

yes, I meant alternative caregivers. There is some literature available, although it does not address the experiences of the mothers about choosing the type of care for the infant born prematurely. I will take a look on this website. Regards,

Hi Daniele, 

I understand the PEDro summary differently: "Blind subjects: No; Blind therapists: No" - so neither the study subjects nor the therapists/providers were considered to be blinded. 

Best, 

Helena

Have you checked Viola Macchi's research? She found an "other age effect" from 9 months of age if I am correct

yours

Olivier

Over the past few years working with young children I have found the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) measures very helpful (See: PARinc for details).  Although designed with attention deficit disorders in mind, I use the instruments to help analyze overall behaviors rather than simply determining some disorder/disability. I have found them especially useful in the context of highly able children whose behaviors are often situation dependent. The information helps me determine, for example, whether elevated 'shift' ratings are noted by a teacher/s and, or a parent /s,; whether or not  the 'inhibit' and 'working memory' ratings provided from home and, or school are similarly elevated, whether elevated ratings for  'emotional control' are provided by one particular person, e.g., mother, father, teacher or teacher's assistant.

During teeting children can get a stuffy nose, but a wheeze should not be present. When babies "cut" teeth an inflamitory process is set up. The gums become irritated and this can lead to a fever and other cold like symptoms. also when ever a babies immune defenses are challenged as you see when they get new teeth it allows other germs to gain access to thier developing immune system and they become more suseptable to cold viruses and other illnesses. I hope this helps. Dose him with tylenol and if you Dr. says it's ok with Motrin as tylenol won't help the inflamation of his gums and the motrin will. Keep his room well humidified and you could use some saline in his nose to help loosen secretions and that will allow them to drain out a little more easily. If he continues to wheeze you should get him to the Dr. as this could be signs of a true illness.

The one I see used the most often is the Baby Care Questionnaire.  I have attached an article that specifically discusses the instrument.

  Note - If you search on "caregiver" instead of "infant care" or "baby care," you will find a huge number of questionnaires that measure the experiences of adults taking care of other adults.

You should retract that assertion as it may be libelous.I am simply trying to get an answer to a medico-legal question

Ballard Scoring

Thank you very much, Mustafa!

You may consider looking into research on bilingualism and the cognitive and language benefits that come from learning two languages. Sign language does count as another language so looking into research on bilingualism may be a good place  to start.

Hello Deeann, I believe that very often the decision has to be made depending on weighing up the risks to those who have been discharged, as well as the risks of all the occupants in the nursery.  In some places, there may be alternative areas assigned to babies that still have the infection, and those that are on the road to recovery. (In some places, the availability of nurses to care for them is also another need to be considered.)