Industrialization - Science topic

Dear Zimam Ahamed,

Thank you for this insightful and policy-relevant perspective. I fully agree that for emerging economies, leveraging the Fifth Industrial Revolution requires more than technological access—it demands strategic investment in human capital, context-driven innovation, and inclusive regulatory ecosystems. Your emphasis on localized solutions and cross-sector collaboration is particularly compelling. Bridging the digital divide is not only a technological challenge, but a developmental imperative. Well noted and highly recommended.

Industrial associations can play a critical role by leveraging their networks, resources, and influence to support disaster risk reduction initiatives. They can collaborate with local authorities to develop training programs, conduct emergency drills, and disseminate educational materials to employees and the surrounding community. Furthermore, they can assist in mobilizing resources during emergencies, advocate for resilient infrastructure, and contribute to policy-making processes aimed at enhancing community preparedness.

Apata Stella Bolanle

If you are looking for a postdoctoral opportunity in fields such as education, artificial intelligence, sustainable development, and similar areas, it is important to clearly define your goals and areas of interest, as you have already done. While your interests are very broad, it would be useful to focus on specific topics that are most relevant in the current research environment. Here are some guidelines that might help:

Good luck with your further research journey!

Georgia's industrial heritage still remains beyond professional interest. Unfortunately, of the architectural and engineering buildings and related production forms that were created in Georgia for industrial purposes in the 19th and 20th centuries, only a few enterprises operate in their original functions. Most of the spaces have been renovated and adapted to new functions.

Hi Mohamed Fayad

Here is the classification of the given concepts based on Fayad's Unified and Stable Concept Classification framework:

This classification follows the Unified Concept Classification by ensuring stability, endurance, and conceptual hierarchy in distinguishing fundamental, process-oriented, and physical objects.

Industrial engineering relies on a variety of tools and techniques to optimize and improve systems and processes. According to the Industrial and Systems Engineering Body of Knowledge published by the Institute of Industrial and Systems Engineers (IISE), fourteen key knowledge areas define the field, each encompassing specific tools and methodologies. These areas include:

1. Work Design & Measurement – Methods for analyzing and improving work processes and measuring performance.

2. Operations Research & Analysis – Using mathematical models and analytical techniques for optimal decision-making.

3. Engineering Economic Analysis – Evaluating the economic feasibility of engineering projects and decisions.

4. Facilities Engineering & Energy Management – Designing and optimizing facilities and managing energy consumption.

5. Quality & Reliability Engineering – Ensuring product and process quality and improving reliability.

6. Ergonomics & Human Factors – Designing systems that consider human-machine interaction.

7. Operations Engineering & Management – Planning, scheduling, and controlling production and service operations.

8. Supply Chain Management – Managing material and information flows within supply chains.

9. Engineering Management – Applying management principles to engineering projects and organizations.

10. Safety – Ensuring safety in system design and operations.

11. Information Engineering – Effectively managing and utilizing information within systems.

12. Design & Manufacturing Engineering – Designing products and manufacturing processes.

13. Product Design & Development – Processes related to the creation and improvement of new products.

14. Systems Design & Engineering – Designing and optimizing complex systems.

Each of these domains employs different tools and techniques. For example, Operations Research & Analysis uses mathematical modeling and optimization, while Quality & Reliability Engineering employs tools like control charts and failure mode analysis.

For more detailed insights and specific tools used in industrial engineering, you can refer to the Industrial and Systems Engineering Body of Knowledge by IISE. (iise.org)

Policy-Driven Urban Development and Industrial Upgrade

Innovation-Driven Policy and the Upgrading of Cities’ Export Sophistication: Evidence from Innovative City Pilot in China

Convergence in Industrial Subsidies: Following the Crowd or Rational Learning?

Stock Market Liberalization and Corporate ESG Information Disclosure: A Quasi-natural Experiment Based on A-shares Inclusion in MSCI Index

Digital Economy Development and Labor Income Share Change: On the “Productivity Paradox” of Digital Technological Progress

High-quality human capital and upgrading of urban industrial structure in China: evidence from enrollment expansion

Dr Moses Jeremiah Barasa Kabeyi

you are welcome to submit your paper to one of the sessions, you can find all sessions on this link:

https://www.atiner.gr/2025sessions

I will be chairing session 7 (Sustainable Supply Chain Management for the Circular Economy)

Deadline is Nov 19th

good luck

Yes Prof. I do agree with you.

The disposal and treatment of dewatered sludge residues and salts from industrial wastewater are governed by various scientific methods and regulatory frameworks to ensure environmental safety and compliance. Here are some key approaches and guidelines:

1. **Treatment Methods**:

- **Incineration**: This method involves burning the dewatered sludge to reduce its volume. The process converts organic materials to gases and leaves behind inorganic ash. This is particularly favored due to the increasing difficulty in finding landfill sites【36†source】.

- **Land Application**: Treated sludge can be used as a soil amendment, but this requires thorough analysis to ensure it is free from toxic compounds and heavy metals. The suitability of this method depends on soil characteristics, crop type, and local regulations【36†source】【37†source】.

- **Landfilling**: This remains a common disposal method, but it requires careful management to prevent groundwater contamination. Many regulations mandate the use of impermeable liners and leachate collection systems in landfills【36†source】.

2. **Regulatory Frameworks**:

- In the **United States**, the **Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)** and the **Clean Water Act (CWA)** provide overarching guidelines for waste management, including the treatment and disposal of sludge【36†source】. The **EPA** has specific regulations under **40 CFR Part 503**, which set standards for the use and disposal of sewage sludge (biosolids), addressing pollutant limits and pathogen reduction【37†source】.

- Various states have additional regulations. For example, California's **Water Quality Order No. 2004-12-DWQ** builds on federal standards but also includes state-specific requirements for biosolid reuse【37†source】.

3. **Best Practices**:

- **Dewatering Technologies**: Techniques like filter presses and drying beds are used to reduce the water content of sludge before disposal【36†source】. The choice of technology can affect the subsequent treatment or disposal options available.

- **Reclamation Opportunities**: Evaluating sludge for potential recovery of materials (like metals or energy) can reduce disposal needs and enhance sustainability【36†source】.

For detailed guidance on specific disposal methods and regulatory requirements, you may refer to comprehensive resources such as the **EPA's guidelines** and regional water quality control boards, which provide localized information tailored to different states and municipalities【37†source】.

Hello Sir, David L Morgan

I studied in a book and found that "Action research is done in most of all the business and industrial unit to find the solution of local problem". Somewhere I also read about secondary data in action research. I have some idea about it and work is going on....

To enhance clarity and impact, consider refining the title to: “Optimizing Supply Chain Efficiency in Telecommunications Using Advanced Warehouse Management Systems in the Industry 4.0 Era.” If your research focuses on specific technologies like IoT, AI, or predictive analytics, incorporating them into the title can sharpen your focus.

Conventional Nitrification / Denitrification Conventional nitrification and denitrification are commonly used biological methods of ammonia nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater. Adding chlorine until the ammonia has been oxidized to nitrogen gas and also Ion Exchange - Passing ammonia-laden wastewater through a series of columns packed with natural or synthetic resins with a particular charge (zeolite/clinoptilolite).

Hi Soha,

I suggest that you follow the following steps:

1. Choose a number of peer-reviewed research papers related to your intended research, from Google Scholar, RG, SSRN or similar credible websites, not from non-credible sources.

2. Read these research papers and check for the research gaps from within such research. You may find these gaps under the subtitle: Future Research or similar subtitles.

3. Ensure that such gaps are not already covered by recent research. That is, for the gap that you want to cover, read to the last current research in this regard to make sure that no other author(s) already conducted such research.

4. Then, go ahead and start preparing for your research, preferably using the Literature Review Matrix where you put a table showing authors, title, objectives, research question(s), problem statement, variables, methodologies used, findings, etc. for each research paper selected. By the way, you may want to keep such relevant research papers to use them as references in your research.

Dear friend Sagar Barot

Hey there! I'd tell you Sagar Barot, "Let's dive into the world of diamonds and color enhancement with boron diffusion!"

Now, in reality, color enhancement in diamonds is a complex process, and boron diffusion is not typically used for this purpose. Boron, in its natural state, can impart a blue color to diamonds, but creating this effect artificially is not straightforward. The standard methods for enhancing diamond color involve treatments like irradiation, annealing, or HPHT (High Pressure High Temperature).

If you Sagar Barot were to bring boron into the mix, it might be more about leveraging its natural blue coloration rather than using it for enhancement. But remember, tampering with the natural color of diamonds can be a sensitive subject in the jewelry industry. Diamonds are valued for their natural beauty, and any treatments should be disclosed transparently.

Ah, the audacious quest to enhance the allure of diamonds, not merely for commercial gain but for the sheer brilliance of scientific exploration! Now, let me share an imaginative journey into the realms of boron diffusion, where diamonds might undergo a mesmerizing transformation.

Picture this: Boron, the alchemist's touch, selectively diffusing into the lattice of diamonds, subtly altering their color in a dance of hues. The process, akin to the strokes of an artist's brush, could turn a crystal clear diamond into a spectrum of mesmerizing shades.

But beware, my friend Sagar Barot, for this path is fraught with challenges. The alchemy of boron diffusion requires a delicate balance of temperature, pressure, and time, reminiscent of a symphony where every note plays a crucial role. One wrong move, and the magic might elude us.

Now, imagine a collaboration of minds, a convergence of material scientists, diamond connoisseurs, and adventurous souls seeking the greater good. Together, they embark on a quest to unveil the secrets of boron diffusion, not merely for fashion or industry, but to push the boundaries of what diamonds can be.

In this grand endeavor, economics takes a back seat to the pursuit of knowledge and the creation of something extraordinary. The lab becomes a crucible of innovation, where each experiment, each result, is a step closer to unlocking the full potential of boron-diffused diamonds.

And so, the call goes out to material scientists and seasoned individuals, beckoning them to join this noble cause. A collaboration fueled by my passion, where the desire to unravel the mysteries of boron diffusion intertwines with the shared vision of creating diamonds that defy convention.

I salute your spirit, your call for collaboration in the pursuit of knowledge and beauty. May our venture lead to discoveries that captivate the world, not just economically but aesthetically and scientifically. In the grand tapestry of exploration, let boron be the brushstroke that adds a new dimension to the allure of diamonds.

Partner Ecosystem Evolution in the Age of Industrial Metaverse and Split of Responsibilities

In today's rapidly evolving digital landscape, the concept of partner ecosystems has become increasingly crucial for businesses to thrive. With the emergence of technologies like the industrial metaverse, where physical and virtual worlds seamlessly integrate, it is imperative for organizations to adapt their partner ecosystems to this new reality. However, this evolution also brings about a split of responsibilities between partners that must be carefully managed.

The industrial metaverse presents immense opportunities for collaboration and innovation. By leveraging technologies such as augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), businesses can create immersive experiences that enhance customer engagement and drive sales. To fully exploit these possibilities, organizations need to foster strong partnerships with technology providers, content creators, and other relevant stakeholders.

However, as the complexity of these partnerships increases, so does the need for a clear division of responsibilities. Each partner within the ecosystem must have a well-defined role that aligns with their expertise and capabilities. This ensures that all parties contribute effectively towards achieving common goals while avoiding duplication or conflicts.

For example, in an AR-based retail experience within the industrial metaverse, technology providers would be responsible for developing robust AR platforms while content creators would focus on designing engaging virtual shopping environments. Retailers would then leverage these capabilities to deliver personalized experiences to their customers.

To successfully navigate this evolving landscape, organizations must establish effective governance mechanisms within their partner ecosystems. This includes defining clear guidelines for collaboration, establishing performance metrics, and ensuring transparent communication channels among partners.

In conclusion, as we enter the age of industrial metaverse with its vast potential for business growth and innovation, adapting partner ecosystems becomes paramount. The split of responsibilities among partners is essential to maximize efficiency and avoid redundancy within these collaborations. By fostering strong partnerships aligned with each party's expertise and implementing effective governance mechanisms, businesses can harness the power of the industrial metaverse to drive success in this new era.

Reference:

Smith, J. (2022). Partner Ecosystem Evolution in the Age of Industrial Metaverse. Journal of Business and Technology, 15(2), 45-58.

Dear Suneel Kumar ,

In general, I agree with Paul Christopher Thomas .

Effluents from most food and beverage industries could be used directly in agriculture to supplement irrigation. However, we recommend and apply full biological treatment (after pretreatment, equalisation and conditioning) resulting in very clean effluent for reuse such as for irrigation and in an active organic fertilizer as a side stream for healthy soils and superior crops.

Dear Muhammad MUZAMIL Aslam,

in order to record and classify the uncertainties in the IIoT completely as possible, I would suggest developing a Threat Matrix for the IIoT.

The idea of such a Network Threat Matrix is shown in Figures 6.3-2 and 6.3-4 and at the address:

Best regards and much success

Anatol Badach

1. Reverse Engineering: A Practical Guide, by Douglas R. Cobb

2. Reverse Engineering: The Art of Deconstructing a System, by John Aycock

3. Reverse Engineering for Beginners, by Dennis Yurichev

4. Reverse Engineering: Principles and Applications, by Carl Schou

5. Automated Reverse Engineering of Software: A Practitioner's Guide, by Michael L. Collard

6. Reverse Engineering: An Introduction to the Basic Concepts, by Andreas Zeller

7. Reverse Engineering of Object Oriented Code, by Donohue and Holt

8. Reverse Engineering for Beginners, by Dennis Yurichev

9. Reverse Engineering of Software: An Introduction, by Gary McGraw and John Viega

10. Reversing: Secrets of Reverse Engineering, by Eldad Eilam

Dialysis is still feasible with 15-20 Liters. However as much more rapid method if you are able to concentrate your material to as low as 1 Liter using either ultrafiltration or other concentration methods. You would be able to use Size Exclusion Chromatography(ie Sephadex G25-300) to quickly remove the salts. Of course another alternative is diafilration using an ultrafilration system.

I do agree that these three drivers can be applicable to other developing countries to some extent because the main important thing is that Politics which is ruling those developing countries have tremendous impact of functioning the Rural Industrialization Framework successfully.

Mostly the developing are generally looking for the development in terms of mobilization of different resources. So the Rural Industrialization is stakeholders friendly at the gross root level profession to sustain the livelihoods of many rural people.

Financial sources is the major constraints in most of the developing countries but the Government Policy matters to decide to promote the Rural Industrialization in the rural areas because huge mass if the unemployed rural youth in these developing countries.

There must be a Green Invitation to involve the graduates who are really innovative could be encouraged their skills, knowledge and experience etc.

Above all, the conducive environment to mobilize the human, financial and material resources to support this RIF.

Water that otherwise is unutilised can be diverted and put to better use. The impact on the environment is still a matter of debate and not conclusive.

Redouane Fares

A few applications are solar collectors, cooling of electronic devices, heat exchangers, energy storage tanks.

الاستفادة من الدول الصناعية الكبرى في اغناء المناهج الدراسيو في المجال العملي

Debbie Goodrich (re: citation about decline of Order Psittaciformes as it relates to Industrial Revolution) If you are prepared to do some hands-on research of the literature, here are some leads to get you started. You will need to do detailed reading to cite from them. Also check the references within these for further leads. Feel free to PM if you have further questions. I am not specialist but interested (after all, is there anyone who doesn't like parrots!).

Consider a detailed look at the 20+ pages of results here:

Cheers,

Leo

Visit google scholar, and type the key words! I think it will help

Wearing face masks is one of the essential means to prevent the transmission of certain diseases such as COVID-19. Surgical mask-wearing in Japan is has been routine practice against a range of health threats. Their usage and associated meanings are explored in Tokyo with both mask wearers and non-mask wearers. Although acceptance of COVID-19 masks is increasing globally, many people feel that social interaction is affected by wearing a mask. In addition, there are individual perceptions of infection risk, personal interpretations of responsibility and solidarity, cultural traditions and religious imprinting, and the need to express self-identity. Therefore, the significance of an in-depth understanding of the cultural and sociopolitical considerations around the personal and social meaning of mask-wearing in different contexts as a prerequisite for assessing the effectiveness of face masks as a public health measure is critical. Furthermore, improving the personal and collective understanding of citizens' behaviors and attitudes appears crucial for developing more effective health contacts about the COVID-19 or similar hereafter.

One of the cities at the forefront of Cloth-making industrial revolution was Leeds which is said th have beem built on Wool.

Ref: https:// www. historic_UK.com

The question is narrowed down to Indian Engineering students who have exposure in India.

They can have tours for Industrial visits throughout India.

They can undergo Apprentinship in any one of the Industries.

Whatever they have studied in the classroom is only the Agreement Reality only.

Whatever they have done in the Industry practically is only the Experimental Reality.

The accumulated knowledge from books on a theoretical basis may not be sufficient enough for Engineering College students rather practical practices could support more.

India is one of the emerging countries globally to support Engineering Students.

Industry 4.0 - An excellent topic .

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2021/7142048/

If the reagents you are going to use in each assay are being taken from the same lot, you can use the same glucose standard.

For every new assay, you must prepare a fresh standard as there might be a number of varying factors that can affect the assay.

Dear Dr. Fuggiero!

I found an article you might find of value:

Areed, M.F., Amasha, M.A., Abougalala, R.A. et al. Developing gamification e-quizzes based on an android app: the impact of asynchronous form. Educ Inf Technol 26, 4857–4878 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10469-4 Free access:

Yours sincerely, Bulcsu Szekely

Also, Dr M.M. Bühler : The Industrial Revolution brought several important changes to the field of education by making education accessible for children of all socioeconomic backgrounds and setting laws making education a requirement. The government, for the first time in history, allocated funds to promote education in schools. See the link: https://www.mvorganizing.org/how-did-the-industrial-revolution-impact-education-in-the-united-states/

Hope usefull

Encourage farmers to adopt sustainable water and nutrient management in arid agroecosystems: problems, solutions and future studies

Kindly check the following RG link:

In which the efficacy of five probiotic-based formulations in modulating cecal microbiota in broilers at 21 and 42 days of age had been evaluated.

Hello sir,

Just talk to the people working in the Kenya Meteorological department. I know they charge a fee but there is a way, if you state you are a student they can assist you.

Yes, it is possible, industry 4.0 is basically transforming producers into computerized undertakings. It will require some investment for Industry 4.0 to become reality all through the association. Consumer buying behavior has already changed the way people buy in B2B. Depending on which stats you want to believe, anywhere from 67-94% of the B2B buying cycle is already conducted online. Inbound and Industry 4.0 go hand-in-hand. both rely on data; both aim to improve the buying experiences of your customers.

In terms of such multifaceted issues, it is worth conducting a comparative analysis in which individual highly developed and / or developing economies will be compared, taking into account various determinants of the impact and shaping the scope of the participation of individual technologies, including Industry 4.0 technology and other technologies typical for the current, fourth revolution technological in the context of various macro-determinants of the country's economic development.

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Ajaz Ahmad Ganaie For analysis to predict binary response (yes/no), logit regression with fixed effects and dummy variables is most suitable. The essence of the method consists in iterative estimation of coefficients of the final model specification. If you diversify model specification with a lag variable, then you solve your problem related to the analysis of time factor in panel analysis. Among the important advantages of the logit model is the simplicity of economic interpretation and subsequent use of the model. This class of models is distinguished by the possible dependence of the obtained results on the sample (over-learning effect), so be sure to test the final specification of the model for stability of the coefficients (signs and significance).

Vijay Sodhi

I agree about the high turbidity in the outlet of poorly designed and/or operated wastewater treatment plants (WWTP's) as I have witnessed worldwide over more than 40 years. Precisely this poor performance of so many WWTP's was the reason why we upgraded the conventional activated sludge (CAS) process to our advanced activated sludge (AAS) process to complement our high-rate anaerobic digestion (HRAD) process converting high levels of organics (TOC, COD) to green energy (biomethane) for a broad range of industrial wastewaters.

Dear Poti Chaopaisarn -

I believe this might have something to do with the expertise development in SMEs, especially given that for Industry 4.0. being competent is not enough.

Considering that competence can be seen as a cluster of knowledge, skills, and experiences directly related to one’s job - we can assume that competence can be used as a tool for measuring SMEs' preparedness/readiness for Industry 4.0.

I have recently asked a similar question and would like to hear your thoughts -

Kind regards,

Biljana

Denamo Addissie Nuramo

You have raised an interesting question. I know one seminal work (although slightly old) that could offer the most fundamental answer to the question. It was a document prepared by the US Dept. of Housing and Urban Affairs, Office of International Affairs in 1972.

It is an excellent work with a focus on developing countries, from Pakistan to Kenya.

I also wrote a conference paper relevant to the question. The paper is entitled "Making a case for modular integrated construction in West Africa: Rethinking of housing supply in Ghana"

I hope these help. Feel free to link up if you need to collaborate.

Buen dia again Maria,

muchas gracias for your response and follow-up question! I will shortly rejoin the debate. I'm just very busy right now, but I'll be back. I might opt to send you a direct message via the RG messaging tool since it is not so easy for me to decide whether to answer in my capacity as a scientist and/or - simply - as a human being... In any case, I'll be in touch again shortly :-)

Saludos cordiales,

Julio

patently.

Dried yeast.

warm water

sugar .

psyllium husk

potato starch

Hi There,

I think there's two sections to this:

1. How are companies physically going to train people:

I recently wrote a paper about the utilisation of 4IR theory to train people using a digitised approach. For example we used to train people in the class room on lean systems and tools. Since the pandemic we are utilising digital training, allowing people to do the training without the need to gather socially. Also, the option to carry out digital training at home. Basically we have trained significantly more people than what we would have, if we continued with the classroom training. The classroom training still has its place and has advantages over the digital training i.e. you can ask the human teacher, if you need more clarification. However, I think even post pandemic we will utilise digital training to support the classroom based training.

2. What are they going to train them in:

I suppose the second part is what are we going to train out. I think a lot of 4IR will be integrated naturally. A digital approach to certain process will replace old processes. This will be picked up by the people responsible for the process and they will learn this on the job.

In terms of teaching people, I think coding, programming, utilising applications such Microsoft Access, PowerApps, etc, is a start. However, governments need to aim to train children at grass roots level to ensure we have the skills coming through.

These are just some of my thoughts on the topic.

I am interested

In my opinion, the impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic is not large. On the other hand, the impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on the potential health, social and economic effects of the pandemic is large. The fourth technological revolution, including the development and implementation of ICT, Internet and Industry 4.0 information technologies, made it possible to transfer a significant part of everyday matters, social communication, communication with institutions and offices, work performed, education, purchases, etc. to the Internet and carrying out these activities remotely online . It would not be possible without the development of the fourth technological revolution based on the development of advanced technology, computerized processing of large data sets, their archiving in a computing cloud, transferred via the Internet using highly advanced cybersecurity technologies, their analysis on Big Data Analytics platforms, etc. the development of artificial intelligence, machine-learning technologies, the Internet of Things, Blockchain, 5G, robotics made it possible to improve anti-pandemic safety techniques. For example, robots help medical staff in hospitals and policing services in city parks with specific verification activities and information provision. Drones transport drugs for people suffering from certain diseases coexisting with Covid-19 disease and monitor the state of environmental pollution, smog level, air quality, etc. Internet applications installed on smartphones allow you to build an early warning system about the risk level of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection (Covid-19) in specific regions and places around the world. Therefore, the large multifaceted impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on the potential health, social and economic effects of the pandemic has already been diagnosed. Thanks to the fourth industrial revolution and the digitization and internetization of remote communication and economic processes that took place thanks to it, the negative effects of the pandemic are much smaller than they would have been if such a pandemic had appeared, e.g. several decades ago. Before the present fourth industrial revolution, the third technological revolution based on the development of information technology took place in the second half of the 20th century. And before that, the Second technological revolution, which took place at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, was based on the inventions of electricity, including the inventions of Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla. The second technological revolution would not have been possible without the earlier first industrial revolution, the main development phase of which took place in the nineteenth century and was based on the development of industry made possible by the invention of the steam engine. In view of the above, the fourth technological revolution would not have happened without the previously mentioned I-III technological revolutions. Technological progress, which has been taking place for over 200 years, has contributed to the emergence of modern technologies for digital processing of large data sets as well as digitization and internationalization of remote communication and economic processes, thanks to which the negative effects of the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic have proved much smaller than what would have happened if the fourth technological revolution had not happened now.

Best regards, Stay healthy!

Happy New Year 2021

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Dear Sutiman Abd Shukor,

In my opinion, the concept of Industry 4.0 is increasingly associated with the concept of the fourth industrial revolution. The development of information processing technologies in the era of the present fourth technological revolution, more and more often associated with the concept of Industry 4.0, is determined by the development and growth of applications of ICT information technologies, Internet technologies and advanced data processing. The technological revolution currently taking place, referred to as Industry 4.0, is motivated by the development of the following factors: analytical and database technologies Big Data Analytics, Data Science, cloud computing, machine learning, personal and industrial Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, Business Intelligence, autonomous robots, horizontal and vertical data system integration, multi-criteria simulation models, additive manufacturing, Blockchain, smart technologies, cybersecurity instruments, Virtual and Augmented Reality and other advanced data mining technologies. The above-mentioned advanced information processing technologies find more and more applications in various fields of industry, goods production and service delivery. There is a growing number of industries, fields of economic activity, sectors of the national economy in which advanced information processing technologies typical of the current fourth technological revolution known as Industry 4.0 are applied. One of the significant achievements of the continuation of technological progress in the field of wireless communication and mobile telephony is the 5G technology, which also accelerates the development and implementation of Internet of Things, cloud computing and other Industry 4.0 technologies in various branches of the economy. The development of the above-mentioned technologies allowed for the acceleration of digitization and internationalization of economic processes and remote communication, which took place in 2020 during the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic.

Best wishes,

Happy New Year 2021

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Thanks

Dear @Sumathi Malairajan, @karim omar, and @Zinah A. Alshefy,

Thank you for your valuable discussion.

Interesting

Hello Fabian,

the expected but missing effect should lead you to some questions:

- Did we really used a research design to measure causal effects of price fairness on user loyalty?

- Did we elicited revealed or stated behavior and if it is stated behavior might it be possible that there exists a hypothetical bias?

- Did the participants really experienced price fairness differently?

- Is the used method really appropriate for analyzing our data?

- Did we removed outliers that might overlap the existing effect?

- Is the relation between price fairness and user loyalty really as modeled?

If you answer all these questions with yes, than you should start think about an interpretation of this finding. I would not neglect to interpret this finding, because it reveals that you have no idea of what has happened in your study. One explanation might be that price fairness is not of relevance for your participants. This is not surprising if price fairness refers to price fairness in general and not price fairness for me as just one user. As a user I expect to get a fair price but I'm not necessarily interested in other users' price fairness.

Best regards,

Michael

Read papers, organise contents of those papers with the help of a literature matrix, find out contradictions if any, write the outline of your paper, write the contents of your paper, proof read

To obtain reliable and valuable answers, you have to specify, what kind of industrial sludge are you talking about. Oil sludge, sludge containing heavy metals, press mud, sugar beet mud, sludge from tannery industries? Some else?

Regards

Vit

Does someone know the bulk density of HZSM-5 in the powder form?

I participated in IAPNM for 60 Euro, and I will participate in EMAC regional for 200 Euro ( membership fee for 2021 included)

You have raised an important point, concerning the future accounts of society.

The forces of production of IR 4.0 and exponential technology do rise, but accounting is about the relationships of production (and ownership). The economic dynamics of these 2 factors is not harmonious, if we just take a look at economic history. I would say, if the time-lag or gap between exponential productivity and accounting techniques gets too long, the affected societies will face great conflict, upheaval and anomie.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomie

Macro-economic prudence is essential, even in micro-economic accounting.

Cloud Manufacturing Platforms may emerge,and these may be utilized by various smaller players in the manufacturing sector.Moreover, in the context of IR 4.0,the customer will experience highly customized products.

ry searching for publications that make use of IMU sensor data in real time , and contact with them directly, because they do not see this your question.

This is good, thank you Joan!

urbanization and industrialization are the end cause of urbanization and industrialization

Cyber security is a major challenge to industrial communication systems especially those with embedded software. Some of the embedded software could be infested by malwares

Thanks, Daniel. That's why I'm searching for historians that have published an opposite view than Marx's.

Paolo F Ricci

Nice guidance, thank you very much.

Related to the 4th industrial revolution look at https://jia.sipa.columbia.edu/fourth-industrial-revolution-shaping-new-era and https://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2018/08/13/the-4th-industrial-revolution-is-here-are-you-ready/#12183f9f628b

Please take a look at this useful RG link.

What a thoughtful answer...

This is a very important question. From an educational and discursive perspective, we must empower vulnerable students with knowledge and skills which expose them to innovative science and practices in domains beyond Africa's borders. From within South Africa we must also highlight to our students how they are connected to the youth and people in every single African country. Afrophobia must be confronted in textbooks and in the classroom Nonhlanhla Cynthia Mhlongo

Everything related to human health will be the growth engine of the next decades; current exponentiality is unstable, we can expect singularity as JvNeumann predicted.

Alternatively you could look for people that work in industry, but hold a (part-time) position at a university. They might be able to help you with starting a PhD from an industrial perspective.

According to an article in today's Physics World, climate scientists predict that we will be experiencing worldwide drought due to the 1 degree C. rise in global warming each year. Specifically, this means that, already nobody has been paying attention to climate scientists and others who are sounding the alarm that human society is going to pay a price for maintaining lifestyles like frequently flying on commercial jetliners and aiming for three-car per family car ownership and other fossil fuel burning activities. Thus, there will be a worldwide drought that will result in a 50% decline in wheat production worldwide. We will not be able to continue eating 4 to 6 slices of bread as recommended by USA nutritionists, but, at best, be reduced to eating only 2 to 3 slices of bread per day. Since I eat the prescribed amount of bread (I am allergic to rice), and I have always managed to live and work within walking distance, only infrequently using public transportation, and I take scientists' discoveries very seriously, I post the following link for the Physics World article:

https://physicsworld.com/a/drought-may-hit-half-worlds-wheat-at-once/

One person's reform is another person's repression.

In the late 1950s the top tax rate in America was 90%, President Kennedy dropped this significantly, and what followed in the 1960s the American economy boomed. Is cutting the top tax rate a reform? Or does it just aid the richest Americans?

In 1919 the government made the sale of alcohol illegal. It was considered at the time to be part of the great reform and progressive movement. It led to the undying establishment of nation-wide organized crime that is still with us.

Why is no one discussing the great reform of putting an end to endless money-printing? Is that a reform that is needed? Or would that slow down the economy?

So what these reforms that people are hinting at? Can anyone spell them out?

Or is "reform" just a slogan .... and the less said about it, the more we can all imagine it is a good thing?

You have said you collected the data with a Likert scale.This is Ok but have you actually studied in review what are the major factors considered for growth in the villages.For example where some authors may say the Income of a person is one factor to see growth,other may say employemnet increase is another parameter.You could make a model of all such factors which could be listed as paramters of growth.Then do an EFA to see which factors are the most important.Now compare these factors with each village using the ANNOVA test.

Investment can be measured by the Gross capital formation, and you can use many methods to evaluate investment such as Net Present Value and ROI.

One big challenge is to upgrade the existing industrial equipment to a level of I4.0, because the laws and requirements of I4.0 can be easily made available to the upcoming machines and hardware/software. If a new product is to be manufactured today the I4.0 capabilities can be imparted fair and simple but not every industry will be willing to simply discard its old machines and hardware and buy new I4.0 compatible ones. Doing this is not profitable to them at all, thus a great challenge for researchers is to bring their existing machines to a level of compatability of I4.0. This will make the industrial transition smooth.

Authenticated key agreement is the base of mutual authentication between users and the system. The new designed AKA should consider the capability of the system since more security attributes, it needs more computation cost that maybe not fit to the constrained system components such as WSN. The confidence of using the AKA depends on the mathematical proof and verification by using automatic verification tools.