Science topic
Indian Ocean - Science topic
A body of water covering approximately one-fifth of the total ocean area of the earth, extending amidst Africa in the west, Australia in the east, Asia in the north, and Antarctica in the south. Including the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, it constitutes the third largest ocean after the ATLANTIC OCEAN and the PACIFIC OCEAN. (New Encyclopaedia Britannica Micropaedia, 15th ed, 1990, p289)
Publications related to Indian Ocean (10,000)
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Despite its extreme climate, the Persian Gulf hosts substantial sea turtle populations, which are unique due to their ability to survive in the hot, climate-challenged environment. Along the sandy and muddy shores of Qeshm Island, Iran, fishers set arrow-head fish traps, locally known as moshta . We collected green turtles ( Chelonia mydas ) from t...
Climate anomalies substantially affect coastal hydrodynamics, controlling the sediment transport processes. The interaction between waves and currents plays an important role in the sediment transport processes, which are closely related to climate anomalies, particularly the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). Indonesia is currently facing severe threats f...
Weather systems in the southern Indian Ocean influence East Antarctic precipitation variability and surface mass balance. However, the long-term variability in synoptic-scale weather systems in this region is not well understood due to short instrumental records that are mostly limited to the satellite era (post-1979). Ice core records from coastal...
The Indian Ocean Dipole exhibits large variations in its evolution depending on the presence of El Niño, with notable changes in intensity, duration, and peak phase. Here, using a simple Indian Ocean Dipole model and observational-reanalysis datasets, we revealed that Indian Ocean Dipole events co-evolving with El Niño exhibit an early-summer growt...
The Banda Sea, the largest and deepest ocean basin in the Indonesian Seas and a pivotal reservoir of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) exhibits significant seasonal variability in surface heat transport (SHT). This study investigates the influence of mesoscale eddies, sea surface wind (SSW), Ekman transport, and radiation as well as their complex in...
The Indian Ocean basin faces significant anthropogenic pressure due to its connection to over 2.2 billion people through river basins. Indian Ocean dynamics are characterized by strong regional and seasonal variability driven by the monsoon system and intense eddy activity. To address the issue of land-sea transfers and marine debris dispersion in...
Coral reef ecosystems in Ihavandhippolhu Atoll, the northernmost atoll of the Maldives, have undergone significant changes following the 1998, 2010, and 2016 bleaching events. This study evaluates the recovery after 13 years following repeated bleaching events and the shift in coral reef composition in this remote and scantly explored region of the...
The Songhua River basin (SHRB), situated in northeast China, serves as a critical commercial grain production base that significantly contributes to national food security. Seasonal precipitation anomalies over SHRB (hereafter SHRBP) during the flood season (May-September, MJJAS) exert dominant impacts on agricultural productivity and regional soci...
The global-mean sea surface temperature (SST) reached a record high in 2023, exceeding the 2016 record by 0.14 °C. This unprecedented change in global-mean SST has major implications for our understanding of internal variability and the forced response in our changing climate. In this work, we use neural networks trained on simulated climate data t...
Southern Asia, encompassing countries marginal to the north Indian Ocean, represents nearly one-third of the jellyfishing grounds in Asia. Despite this, a comprehensive understanding of its fisheries has been limited. To address this gap, the present study conducted a detailed meta-analysis of jellyfish landings, exports, and imports in southern As...
Morphological variation in the poorly known lightfish genus Woodsia Grey, 1959 is evaluated by examination of 13 specimens of Woodsia nonsuchae and 28 specimens of Woodsia meyerwaardeni from all oceans. Morphological data for both species are documented for the first time from the Indian Ocean. The geographic distribution of Woodsia species is revi...
North Indian Subcontinent (NIS) is prone to disastrous and life-threatening floods during the summer monsoon period primarily due to its close proximity with the Himalayan foothills. Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) reported that during June 13–19, 2013, the Uttarakhand state in North India experienced a cumulative total of 322 mm rainfall, a...
Mesoscale eddies in the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean (SETIO) are important for regional circulation, heat transport, and ecological process. The El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) are known to modulate these eddies, yet their effects to the interannual variability (IV) of eddy dynamics remain inadequately un...
Compound hot-drought events (CHDEs) have drawn widespread attention for their severe impacts on ecosystems and human livelihoods. This study investigated the characteristics and driving mechanisms of boreal summer CHDEs in the Yangtze River Valley (YRV) during 1961–2022. Results showed that the most intense events were concentrated in Sichuan Provi...
Changes in late summer (January to March) rainfall over the eastern Congo Air Boundary (CAB) region in southern Africa are examined. Using ERA5 data for the 1979–2024 period, a significant increasing trend in rainfall totals is found over most of the region which results from an increase in the number of heavy rain days (10 mm or more). On the othe...
Morphological, technological and chemical compositional analyses of carnelian beads and raw materials from two sites in ancient Sudan are presented. Six carnelian beads are from Banganarti, a Christian pilgrimage center of the Makuria Kingdom (9th -14th centuries) and 18 beads and two carnelian flake fragments are from Old Dongola, capital of the K...
The EU and India share a common understanding of the blue economy,
which is premised on the rules-based order at sea and the cooperation of
all states. They also share a deep understanding of the negative impact of
China’s expansion in the major ports and container terminals on SLOCs
directly affects their economic interests. Given the signific...
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After dramatically increasing its military expenditure over the last several years, in 2010 China has raised it by only 7.5 percent, marking the first time in nearly 21 years that the rate of increase has fallen below double digits. While there are a number of factors behind this, the Chinese government has used this to announce its pacific intent,...
[Ever since the Nixon-Mao accommodation in 1972, Chinese strategic analysts have generally viewed the US-Japan security pact as a way to restrain Japanese remilitarization. Some have called it the “cork “in the “bottle,” or a “leash “on a possible new Japanese military threat in a region whose tensions, pivoting on China-Japan conflict, are growing...
[By most standards, Japan is now the world's number two naval power. This article, and the accompanying Asahi Shimbun series on Japan's four year Maritime Self Defense Force deployment to the Indian Ocean, reveals how far Japan's military reach now extends within the framework of US-Japan alliance. See the five-part Asahi Shinbun report, Japans New...
The defeat of the ruling Liberal Democratic party-led coalition by the Democratic Party of Japan in Japan's Upper House elections on July 29 has already sent shock waves through the US-Japan security alliance. Surprising many who saw only his bullying style and right wing policies, DPJ leader Ozawa Ichiro moved quickly to set the DPJ on a course de...
News on New Delhi's foreign policy has recently been among the top stories in the media. On April 11, 2005, India started a strategic partnership with China, and, on June 29, 2005, signed a 10-year defense agreement with the United States. Western observers, however, have paid less attention to an ambitious Indian move in the military field: Projec...
After years of hesitancy, India has now firmly acknowledged the strategic importance of the Andaman Sea. The Indian Navy is setting up a Far Eastern Naval Command (FENC) off Port Blair on the Andaman Islands --also known as the Bay Islands --located midway between the Bay of Bengal and the Malacca Strait --to give it "blue-water" status. It is evid...
In addition to defining specific rights for women, the post-WWII Constitution of Japan (enacted 1947) also articulated a commitment to preserving peace. Article 9 of the Constitution reads in part, “Aspiring sincerely to an international peace based on justice and order, the Japanese people forever renounce war as a sovereign right of the nation an...
Previous studies have proposed several well‐recognised mechanisms for the northward‐propagating boreal summer intraseasonal oscillations (BSISOs), while their relative roles tend to be qualitatively analysed. In the present study, based on the planetary boundary layer (PBL) moisture mode theory and the associated moisture budget equation, we quanti...
In this study, we employ the Model‐based Analog Forecast approach to conduct Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) hindcasts from 1982 to 2017, using 18 CMIP6 models. We focus on the skill diversity among different climate models, with particular attention to how the cold tongue bias affects IOD predictions. Our findings reveal a significant diversity in IOD p...
Most climate models project a positive Indian Ocean Dipole-like (pIOD-like) warming pattern in the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO), featuring stronger warming in the west than the east under global warming. However, it is still unclear whether this warming pattern has emerged in observations. Here, based on observational products, Coupled Model Interco...
[Editors' note: The final version of this article was received just prior to the announcement of Fukuda Yasuo's resignation as Prime Minister. Tanter comments: Fukuda's resignation will change nothing in the underlying domestic and alliance strains that lead to his decision to resign. The next Liberal Democratic Party leader, whether Aso Taro, Koik...
This study examines the efficacy of the National Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF) global coupled unified model (CNCUM) hindcasts in depicting seasonal biases, focusing specifically on the Indian summer monsoon (ISM). Using 23 years (1993–2015) of coupled hindcasts driven by the UK Met Office GloSea5 seasonal prediction system, w...
[This is the second of a two part series on the strategic and constitutional implications of Japan's expansive naval role in the Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf. See Richard Tanter's “Japan's Indian Ocean Naval Deployment: Blue water militarization in a “normal country”.]
In this study, the changes in interannual variability of upwelling in the Western South China Sea (SCS) from 1958 to 2015 and their relationships with climate variability are investigated using reanalysis data and numerical simulations. Our results show that the interannual variability of upwelling in the three main upwelling regions, that is, the...
In the rapidly evolving landscape of South Asian geopolitics and finance, the Maldives International Financial Centre (MIFC), a newly announced $8.8 billion collaboration between the Maldivian government and Dubai-based MBS Global Investments, emerges as a formidable counterpart to Sri Lanka's Colombo Port City (CPC). This paper critically examines...
Observations indicate that the upper-layer Indian Ocean (IO) has experienced multi-decadal rapid warming with a rate of approximately 0.18 °C/decade since the early 1990s. The ability of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models to reproduce this rapid warming is essential but not well assessed, and the underlying physical driver...
Indonesia is one of the countries most vulnerable to natural disasters due to its unique geographical location at the convergence of four major tectonic plates Asian, Australian, Indian Ocean, and Pacific and the presence of the Pacific Ring of Fire. One of the most active volcanoes in the region is Mount Merapi, which has a long history of eruptio...
The Indonesian Maritime Continent (IMC) exhibits fresher conditions during the northwest monsoon, particularly in its southern hemisphere component (hereafter, “IMCsh”). The salinity budget formula is used to calculate the contributions of surface flux, river discharge, and advection to seasonal salinity patterns in the Banda Sea and its link to cl...
The Banda Sea is the center of the global “Coral Triangle” characterized by high productivity. As the “mix master” of Indonesian throughflow and part of the Indo‐Pacific Warm Pool, the Banda Sea is sensitive to climate variability events. However, few studies has been focused on seasonal and interannual variability and control mechanism of surface...
Strategies to improve therapeutic interventions that maximise the return to the wild of injured and diseased imperilled species is a foundation of conservation medicine. To accomplish this, risk factors contributing to admitting conditions at clinical facilities that treat these species must be identified. We describe risk factors and related outco...
The Southern Ocean, located between Antarctica and the southern tips of South
America, Africa and Australia, encompasses an immense area across the southern Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans with no clearly defined limits. For the purposes of studying marine heterobranch sea slugs, we consider the Southern Ocean to include all ocean areas located...
The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is a major climate cycle that occurs across the tropical Indian Ocean which has become more variable over time substantially influencing weather extremes and broader climate patterns worldwide. Importantly, these large scale global and regional scale climatic events have strong unexpected impacts on coupled human and n...
Ship‐borne high time‐resolution in situ measurements of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) in the marine air of the Arabian Sea reveal large spatiotemporal variations (20−709 ppt) during the post‐monsoon season. The DMS mixing ratios in the southeast (98 ± 87 ppt) and northeast (116 ± 120 ppt) coastal regions were higher than in the oligotrophic central Arabia...
Moisture transport is a crucial driving factor of extreme precipitation events (EPEs). This paper develops a two-layer complex network to exploit climatological characteristics on the links between moisture transport and EPEs in China. Specifically, focusing on the period from 1948 to 2021, the links from moisture transport to EPEs by month are tra...
In 2018 and 2019, Kerala, the southernmost state in India, experienced extreme precipitation, leading to appallingly devastating floods that damaged life and property. Kerala is vulnerable to flooding due to its topography, geographical location, and meteorology. Several phenomena have been attributed to these extreme precipitations; however, no si...
Documentation of biodiversity and its geographical distribution is necessary to understand the processes and drivers of evolutionary diversification as well as to guide conservation and management initiatives. Among the most emblematic patterns of biodiversity in the world’s oceans is the Coral Triangle (Indo-Australian Archipelago), widely recogni...
Neomicrorbis Rovereto, 1903 is a serpulid taxon well represented in the Cretaceous and Tertiary fossil records and described as the bathyal extant species Neomicrorbis azoricus Zibrowius, 1972. This enigmatic species of uncertain taxonomic affinities exhibits a morphology intermediate between serpulids sensu stricto (Serpulinae and Filograninae) an...
This study optimizes, scales, and evaluates the technoeconomic feasibility of a point absorber wave energy converter for electricity generation along the Indian coast. A linear generator‐based power take‐off system is optimized based on a scale‐down model. Three float shapes—cuboid, hemisphere, and trapezoidal with fin—are tested for displacement,...
This study investigates the impacts of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the duration of the South Asia high (SAH) that persists over southern Asia (10°N–27.5°N, 40°E–115°E) during the summer‐to‐winter transition. The findings indicate that the duration of the SAH over southern Asia displays distinct interannual variations. Specifically, t...
The rise of China also provided an opportunity for India to know its strategic importance in the Indo-Pacific. From 1953 to 2025, the USA shifted its foreign policy from Asia-Pacific to Indo-Pacific. The geographical definition of the Indo-Pacific is not static; it may vary according to the interests of those who are defining it. PM Narendra Modi m...
This study shows a close relationship between winter Arctic sea ice concentration (WASIC) anomalies in the Barents-Greenland Seas and the subsequent autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) based on the observational analysis and numerical simulations. Particularly, more (less) WASIC in the Barents-Greenland Seas tends to lead to a positive (negative) IOD...
With the Belt and Road Initiative, China is at the forefront of players seeking regional links and connectivity between Asia and Europe. However, China’s presence in this arena is not exclusive, and the competition for infrastructure across Eurasia is multifaceted. India is another Asian giant that has quietly entered the mega-infrastructure projec...
During the Eocene–Oligocene Transition (EOT; 34 Ma), Earth’s climate shifted from a warm, unglaciated state to a colder, glaciated state, marked by the formation of large dynamic ice sheets on Antarctica. For decades, it was believed that calcareous nannoplankton showed little response to this transition, or where change was documented, it appeared...
Nine crocodile sharks, Pseudocarcharias kamoharai (Matsubara, 1936 (Zoological Magazine, 48, 380–382, 1936)), were recently captured as by-catch in hook and line fishery performed in the international waters adjoining the Maldives and landed at Cochin Fisheries harbor (southwestern coast of India). Present records included four males and five femal...
Oxygen minimum zones (OMZ) play an important role for the global oceanic nitrogen cycle because they account for 20 to 40 % of the global loss of bioavailable nitrogen despite covering only about 1 % of the global ocean volume. The intermediate waters of the Bay of Bengal (BoB) host one of the most pronounced OMZs with near-anoxic conditions. Howev...
Bengkulu City has experienced rising air temperatures due to climate variability events, particularly ENSO and IOD. This study analyzes the relationship between ENSO, IOD, and air temperature in Bengkulu over the past 20 years (2004-2023) using data from Meteorological and Climatology stations, as well as ONI and DMI indices from NOAA. Pearson and...
: Improving catch data through the standardization of catch per unit effort (CPUE) is crucial in providing accurate information for fish stock assessments. This study aims to develop a CPUE standardization model for dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) in the Southern Java Waters. The analysis is based on historical dolphinfish catch data collected be...
This study identified the distinct predictors of the western North Pacific anomalous anticyclone (WNPAC) in June, July, and August and revealed their independent influencing mechanisms on the formation of the summer WNPAC in each corresponding month. For the June WNPAC (AC_Jun), the North Atlantic warming (NAW) in April–May induces subsequently enh...
A tree-ring width chronology spanning 193 years (1821-2013 CE) was developed using 58 core samples of Abies densa collected from the Yumthang Valley in north Sikkim, eastern Himalaya. The climate-tree growth relationships was assessed by correlating tree-ring variation with monthly and daily climate (temperature and precipitation) data for the peri...
Nepal is a Vedic Sanatan nation. The Himalayas, hills, mountains, animals, plants, prevailed here are all ornaments adorned with traditional culture. The Omkar group, which includes Hindus, Buddhists, Jains, Kirants, and Saman, has been the heritage of the faith of all these since the Vedic period13, 14. And apart from this, Nepal has been the cent...
Trincomalee Harbour situated on the north-eastern coast of Sri Lanka, fourth largest natural harbour in the world, holds considerable geo-political significance due to its strategic position and extensive maritime capabilities. This paper investigates the contemporary geo-political dynamics surrounding Trincomalee Harbour and assesses its strategic...
Reef manta rays Mobula alfredi have fragmented populations across their range and show high site fidelity to certain aggregation sites. The species has been observed around Mayotte, an island in the northern Mozambique Channel with a surrounding barrier reef and a large 1500 km² lagoon. Here, we examined their distribution, movements and population...
Timely and effective seasonal climate prediction is crucial to reduce the losses from hydrometeorological disasters by providing early warning. Evaluating the model’s performance is essential for its accurate interpretation and implementation. Here, we examined the precipitation forecast of the South Asian monsoon using the second-generation finite...
Extreme rainfall remains the most impactful natural disaster affecting the environment and ecological system in Tanzania. Understanding possible physical mechanisms behind these events is crucial for mitigating associated risks. Therefore, the interannual variability of extreme wettest days (EWDs) during March to May from 1981 to 2020 was examined...
The Late Miocene and Early Pliocene were characterized by widespread oxygen depletion in the Pacific and Indian Oceans, coinciding with the “Late Miocene–Early Pliocene Biogenic Bloom” (LMBB). In the Indian Ocean, this oxygen depletion has been linked to enhanced productivity in the northern basins, leading to Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ) expansion. A...
China's implementation of the “String of Pearls” strategy in the Indian Ocean Region has generated significant attention from regional powers and the United States. This paper examines China's establishment of naval facilities in key nations along the Indian Ocean rim, focusing on developments in Cambodia and Bangladesh. Through analysis of primary...
Over 29 years (1996–2024) in a lagoon environment in the Chagos Archipelago (Indian Ocean) we conducted a mark-recapture growth rate study during which 135 juvenile hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) were each caught two or more times. Growth rate in straight carapace length (SCL) decreased in larger turtles with predicted mean growth rate...
Indian summer monsoon (ISM) hydrology fuels biogeochemical cycling across South Asia and the Indian Ocean, exerting a first-order control on food security in Earth’s most densely populated areas. Although the ISM is projected to intensify under continued greenhouse forcing, substantial uncertainty surrounds anticipating its impacts on future Indian...
The Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) transports warm water masses from the Pacific Ocean to the Indian Ocean through the Makassar Strait. Ocean currents and sea temperature data from the HYCOM model estimate the heat transport associated with the ITF within the Makassar Strait. Heat transport is calculated as the product of volume transport, temperatur...
Near-surface measurements of meridional velocity suggest that wind forcing excites equatorial waves in the biweekly band in the Indian Ocean. The characteristics of these waves in the deep ocean are poorly constrained, and it is unclear how well models capture the deep variability. In this work, biweekly temperature variations in a few low vertical...
Two strong positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events in 2019 and 2023 led to multiple disasters over Southeast Asia, highlighting the need for warnings of IOD events. This paper presents a stock-take of the current criteria for IOD monitoring and prediction and describes the development of an IOD warning system for Southeast Asia. We examined how s...
This paper explores America's Indo-Pacific strategy, prioritizing its maritime security significance in the Indian Ocean amid rising geopolitical tensions, particularly with China. It frames the analysis through realism and liberalism, delineating how these theories contextualize America's strategic interests in the region. This paper also examines...
Within the Priority Program 2404 "Reconstructing the Deep Dynamics of Planet Earth over Geologic Time" (DeepDyn, https://www.geo.lmu.de/deepdyn/en/) we investigate possible seismic signatures at magnetic high-latitude flux lobes (HLFLs). The focus is on four target regions on the Northern Hemisphere: Siberia, Canada, the North Atlantic, and Indones...
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is increasingly experiencing unprecedented drought-to-flood events, posing critical challenges to water and food security. These rapid or seasonal transitions between extreme hydroclimatic conditions underline the urgency of advancing climate adaptation strategies and enhancing risk management frameworks in the region. Howe...
Oil has long been at the heart of geopolitical strategies, serving as both a catalyst for economic development and a source of strategic vulnerability. In the Indian context, the geopolitics of oil is shaped by the nation's heavy dependence on imports, regional energy dynamics, and its strategic positioning in the Indian Ocean. This paper explores...
The capture of sharks in the Southern Indian Ocean of Java waters in Indonesia has become increasingly prevalent in recent years, posing risks of overfishing and potential extinction. Information regarding shark fisheries resources in the Indian Ocean Region in the coming years remains uncertain. This research assessed the condition of shark fisher...
The dynamics in the Northwestern Indian Ocean (NWIO) is governed by mesoscale processes that modulate spatio-temporal variations in sea surfac temperature (SST), sea surface salinity (SSS), and mixed layer depth (MLD), while also impacting turbulent energy transfer. The seasonal variations in energetics impacts the air-sea interaction and moisture...
This paper provides a brief selective history of research into the ecology and management of alien plant invasions in South Africa. Over 2000 alien plant species have been introduced to the country, and over 750 species are known to have become naturalized or invasive. A striking feature of this naturalized flora is the unusually high dominance of...
Over the past 66 years, the upper ocean heat content (OHC, 0–400 m) in the Southern tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) has not increased despite ongoing global warming and rapid local sea surface temperature rises. Here we show that the decrease in OHC is primarily due to the local subsurface cooling at depths of approximately 60–400 m. The increasing cyc...
Equatorial East Africa (EEA) experiences strong intraseasonal precipitation variations; developing understanding of the processes that drive these variations can improve predictability and help local populations be better prepared for extremes. Previous research has highlighted anomalous westerly moisture transport from the Congo basin as an import...
The 2025 visit of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi to Mauritius made headlines in global news. Modi received Mauritius' highest honour, the Grand Commander of the Order of the Star and Key of the Indian Ocean, suggesting a strong connection. This visit by a prime minister to another country raises questions about why the PM traveled to Mauritius...
Plain Language Summary
Sterodynamic sea level change, that is, the sum of global mean thermosteric sea level rise and regional dynamic sea level changes due to ocean density and circulation changes, is an essential component of future sea level projections. Untangling the sources of uncertainty in SdynSL projections is fundamental for further impro...
The development, implementation, and evaluation of a new weakly coupled ocean data assimilation (WCODA) system for the fully coupled Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 2 (E3SMv2) utilizing the four-dimensional ensemble variational (4DEnVar) method are presented in this study. The 4DEnVar method, based on the dimension-reduced projection fou...
The sea turtle populations of Reunion Island, a volcanic island in the western Indian Ocean between Madagascar and Mauritius, were significantly impacted by human colonization in the 17th century. However, after 40 yr of local and regional conservation efforts, these populations are showing signs of recovery. This study examines spatiotemporal tren...
Eastern Europe experienced record‐high precipitation in late fall (October–November) 2023, with an area‐weighted anomaly reaching up to 86 mm, >80% of its climatological precipitation. This study examines the drivers of this anomalous event using observations‐based statistical analyses, and atmospheric model experiments. Our results reveal that exc...
Padang City is one of the capital cities in the western part of the island of Sumatra, with a total coastline length of approximately 68,126 km and directly adjacent to the Indian Ocean. The last time the province of West Sumatra was hit by a tsunami was in 2009 and 2010, which caused tsunamis with heights of <1 metre to >12 metres caused by an ear...
Moisture transports play a key role in maintaining the hydrometeorological cycle and forming its climate variability over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), also known as the “Asian water tower”. This study focuses on understanding the interannual variability mode characteristics of moisture transport in the TP in boreal summer, using satellite-based analys...
Belg is the primary rainy season in southern Ethiopia and the secondary rainy season in the remaining regions. The major water supply for Belg is from the Southwest Indian Ocean, leading to the strong rainfall over southwestern and southern Ethiopia. This study investigates the spatiotemporal variability of Belg over the common period 1985–2023 acr...
The 2019 MISO-BOB field campaign, conducted from 27 May to 31 July in the Bay of Bengal (BOB), focused on investigating tropical waves and intraseasonal oscillations (ISO). Two ocean cruises took place in June and July, complemented by ground-based observations in tropical islands - Sri Lanka, Maldives, and Seychelles. On 18 July, an extreme rainfa...
IOD positif ditandai oleh Anomali kuat positif Suhu Permukaan Laut (SSTA) di tropis barat Samudera Hindia (50ºE-70ºE, 10ºS-10ºN, dinotasikan sebagai Box A) dan SSTA negatif di tenggara Samudera Hindia (90ºE- 110ºE, 10ºS-Eq., dinotasikan sebagai Box B). Jadi Mode Indian Ocean Dipole Indeks (IODMI) didefinisikan sebagai perbedaan zonal SST anomali Bo...
The surge in attacks by non-state armed groups (NSAGs) like the Houthis in Yemen following the 7 October 2023, attack on Israel by Hamas has created a complex situation for China in the Red Sea region. These actions have put oil shipments at risk and threatened the stability of important maritime routes that are strategic chokepoints in the region....
The Indian Ocean plays a crucial role in water cycle dynamics around the Indian Ocean Basin, yet the relationships between the Indian Walker Circulation (IWC) and hydroclimate variability remain poorly understood. We examine the IWC‐hydroclimate linkages throughout the Indian Ocean Basin during two study periods (instrumental era and the last mille...
Marine plastic pollution significantly threatens marine ecosystems, particularly in the North Indian Ocean, where densely populated coastal regions and major rivers contribute substantial plastic waste. This study focused on the synergistic potential of optical and thermal remote sensing data to detect and map floating plastic debris in the North I...
Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phases 5 and 6 (CMIP5/6) projections display substantial inter‐model diversity in the future tropical Indian Ocean warming magnitude and spatial pattern. Here, we investigate the underlying physical mechanisms in 46 CMIP5/6 models using an upper‐ocean heat budget framework that separates surface net air‐sea flu...
Rodrigues Island, being a small Island Developing State (SIDS) in the Indian Ocean, is increasingly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, particularly rising sea levels and recurrent storm surges. The motivation for this study stems from the need to safeguard Rodrigues’ socio-economic activities, which are intricately linked to its geophysic...
Coelacanths are arguably one of the most emblematic and evolutionarily-important of the marine vertebrates. To date, only two species are known globally: the West Indian Ocean Coelacanth, Latimeria chalumnae, found in the Mozambique Channel, from Southern Africa to Comoro Islands, and the Sulawesi Coelacanth, L. menadoensis, found off Sulawesi and...
Tropical cyclones are one of the most destructive weather phenomena because they pose three main dangers: heavy rainfall, strong winds, and storm surge. The occurrence of tropical cyclones is expected to increase both in terms of intensity and geographical spread due to climate change. Indonesia, located around the equator with a low Coriolis force...
