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I would like to write a journal article focused on Emir Abd al-Qadir's (Abdelkader's) rapier, which already appears in the 12,000-word manuscript I am almost finished writing as a chapter titled "Barriers to Reparations in Albert Camus' 'The Guest': Race, Earth, Science," by Nancy Ann Watanabe, in "Imperial Indebtedness," a scholarly book edited by a New York professor who has a contract with a University Press. As discussed in my book chapter, Abdelkader's rapier is one of the valuable objects requested by Algeria in a written list of reparations to the French government. To be developed as a totally separate topic of discussion. Emir Abd al-Qadir and his rapier, often referred to as "Abdelkader's Rapier," form the basis of my new hypothesis that Abdelkader and his rapier constitute a primary referent in "The Guest"; indeed, I will argue, sufficient evidence may be gathered to make a case for identifying the unnamed Arab in "The Guest" as a symbol or emblem of Emir Abd al-Qadir. While it is true that Nobel Laureate in Literature Camus wrote "The Guest" as a narrative based on his experience as an Algerian-born Frenchman on the eve of the Algerian War of Independence, it will not be necessary for me to prove he had Emir Abd al-Qadir in mind when he wrote "The Guest." The journal article's theoretical framework will be based on the New Criticism principle of the authorial fallacy, i.e., the literary critic should focus on presenting textual evidence, not on the author's expressed intentions. My premise is "The Guest" as an imaginative literary work of art has a life of its own, separate from the author who created it. Nevertheless, if my research shows that Camus possessed a good deal of knowledge about Emir Abd al-Qadir, then I will incorporate this factual information to further support the article's main argument.
Since I have not found any journal articles or book chapters to support my hypothesis that "The Guest" has a symbolic dimensionality that accommodates an interpretation identifying the unnamed Arab and his knife with Abdelkader and his rapier, I am open to receiving any information available to Research Gate scientists, humanists, and social scientists who share their knowledge and experience on this discussion thread.
Media Imperialism, this is a phrase on negative note, this is about negatives of negative groups of people. People with immoral thoughts and nature, the groups and individuals ill play with fake, by falsify they apply excessive force, and with exaggeration they kind of create atmosphere of intimidation effect to create misleading impact.
Fatema Miah
To WW3 or Not To WW3, That is The Question!... to Ask Scholars, in light of the devastating Wars currently shaking the World and threatening its Security. What Work of Pedagogy, Explanation, Teaching, and Analysis the Scholars of the World must undertake, to generate Peaceful Narratives likely to promote the Defusing of Current or Potential Conflicts in all Areas under tension. Twelve Paramount Red Spots have been inventoried [1]: (i) Europe vs. Russia (C1); (ii ) China vs. Taiwan (C2); (iii) South Korea vs. North Korea (C3); (iv) Pakistan vs. India (C4); (v) Japan vs. China (C5); (vi) Japan vs. North Korea (C6); (vii) Greece vs. Turkey (C7); (viii) Israel vs. Middle East (C8); (ix) U.S. vs. China (C9); (x) U.S. vs. Russia (C10); (xi) U.S. vs. Russia Allies in Latin America (Cuba, Nicaragua, and Venezuela) (C11); (xii) U.S. vs. Iran (C12). What are the Historical Facts that support these Conflicts? The Ins and Outs that drive them? the Global Security Issues they Involve? Possible and Impossible Solutions to Imagine? What Conciliation Steps should be put in place to Avoid Possible Escalations and Encourage Their Defusing? This Discussion, intended to be Academic, aims to Stimulate Reflections, Analyses, and Opinions, to constitute a Platform for Exchange between Scholars likely to bring about Prospects for Peace in the World.
[1] Ruiz Estrada & Mario Arturo, 2022 "Welcome to the World War 3 (WWIII), Available at SSRN
Preprint WELCOME TO THE WORLD WAR 3 (WWIII)
Illustration from: Explore Ww3. DeviantArt Galery on: https://www.deviantart.com/tag/ww3
I would like to ask if anyone has archaeological information on the city walls and other defensive facilities of the Roman city during the imperial period in the past five to ten years. If so, could you please provide me with the method of obtaining the above information or the relevant books? If payment is required, please inform me of the required fees and payment methods. Thank you very much.
I am just GUESSING, NOT ADVOCATING
I have avoid addressing this topic for the obvious reasons that it´s highly sensitive and explosive. But having written about One Country, Two Systems 30 years ago...
what I would say should be treated as simply a time capsule for thinking about this mega-issue 30 years (i.e. 2053, when One Country, Two Systems have already expired in HK) from now...
Since there´s so much at stake for EVERY SIDES, my own perspectiveS are highly tinged by being IndoChinese (where Former South Vietnam does not exist within the Communists´conquest of US Imperialism), plus a decade in HK (1994 to 2003), and now having lived in Germany for many years (where Former Eastern Germany exists within the Triumph of the West).
I have tried to address an inter-related issue here obliquely in a way that confounds ResearchGate´s algorithms and other search engines. This entry is purely for HUMAN EYES:
My own SPECulation is buried here:
Mirror Mirror on the Wall, What Would It Take for China to Take Back Taiwan?
- The PRC would need to go beyond it´s CCP versus KMT Origin Story based on THE LONG MARCH.
- The TAIWAN QUESTION requires a Meta-Narrative that goes beyond the conquest of the PRC over the ROC.
- The TAIWAN QUESTION is really a residue from the COLD WAR, much in the same way that Germany, Vietnam, and Korea were/ are broken into two systems.
- Such a New Meta-Narrative would need to start with Zhou En Lai...
- But better yet, is to overcome the REVULSION/ SELF-HATRED for anything imperial and revisit the narrative(s) of the Middle Kingdom...
What are the REPUBLIC NARRATIVES, be that THE PEOPLE´s REPUBLIC or REPUBLIC of CHINA?
The concept of a "republic" generally refers to a form of government in which the country is considered a "public matter," and political power is derived from the people or their elected representatives. In the context of ancient China, the term "republic" may not be the most accurate descriptor, as the political structures of ancient China were more diverse and often centered around monarchies, dynasties, and imperial rule.
However, if we broaden the scope to include later periods in Chinese history, particularly the 20th century, the idea of a republic becomes more relevant. The Republic of China (ROC) was established in 1912, following the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty and the end of imperial rule. The ROC marked a transition from dynastic monarchy to a more republican form of government. Sun Yat-sen, a key figure in the Xinhai Revolution, played a significant role in advocating for the establishment of a republic in China.
The meta-narrative of the Chinese Republic, particularly during its early years, could include:
- Nationalism: The overthrow of the Qing Dynasty and the establishment of the Republic of China were driven by a strong sense of nationalism. There was a desire to modernize and strengthen the country to counter external threats and regain its standing in the world.
- Modernization: The early leaders of the Republic of China, particularly Sun Yat-sen, sought to modernize the country. This included political, economic, and social reforms to bring China in line with Western powers and other modern nations.
- Struggles for Stability: The early decades of the 20th century in China were marked by internal strife, regional conflicts, and power struggles among different factions. The meta-narrative might involve the challenges of establishing a stable and unified government in the face of internal and external pressures.
- Ideological Shifts: The Republic of China witnessed ideological shifts, including the influence of different political ideologies such as nationalism, democracy, and socialism. These ideological dynamics contributed to the political landscape and struggles for governance.
It's important to note that the history of the Republic of China is complex and includes periods of war, foreign invasions, and internal conflicts, leading eventually to the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949. The narrative of the Chinese Republic is multifaceted and reflects the challenges and aspirations of a nation in transition from traditional to modern forms of governance.
What are the IMPERIAL NARRATIVES of the MIDDLE KINGDOM?
The term "Middle Kingdom" is often used to refer to ancient China, specifically during the period of the Zhou Dynasty (1046–256 BCE). However, it's crucial to note that the concept of a "meta-narrative" is a modern analytical framework, and applying it to ancient cultures requires some abstraction.
In the context of ancient China, the idea of a meta-narrative could be approached through the lens of historical and philosophical texts, such as the "Mandate of Heaven." The Mandate of Heaven was a political and religious concept used to legitimize the rule of the kings or emperors in ancient China. According to this idea, a ruler was granted the right to rule by divine approval, but this mandate could be withdrawn if the ruler failed to govern justly and in the best interests of the people.
Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism are three major philosophical traditions that shaped the meta-narrative of ancient China:
- Confucianism: Emphasizing social harmony, ethical conduct, and filial piety, Confucianism had a profound impact on the political and social structure of ancient China. The meta-narrative here would involve the pursuit of a just and harmonious society through proper governance and moral behavior.
- Daoism (Taoism): Daoism, with its emphasis on the natural order (Dao) and the concept of Wu Wei (non-action), offered an alternative perspective. The meta-narrative could involve living in harmony with the Dao, advocating a more laissez-faire approach to governance and life.
- Legalism: Legalism, on the other hand, focused on strict laws and centralized control to maintain social order. The meta-narrative might revolve around the need for a strong, authoritarian government to prevent chaos and ensure stability.
The meta-narrative of the Middle Kingdom, therefore, could be seen as a complex interplay between these philosophical traditions, the dynamic relationship between rulers and the divine, and the ongoing quest for a balanced and just society.
It's important to approach these concepts with an understanding of the nuances and diversity of thought within ancient Chinese philosophy and not oversimplify the rich tapestry of ideas present in the historical and philosophical texts of the time.
What are MY LINEAGES/ ALLIGANCES?
I AM BOTH MICHAEL HALLIDAY & PIERRE RYCKMANS
Sydney University was their battle ground in terms of how Chinese should be taught. Halliday decamped to Macquarie University but his disciplines REMAINED in Sydney University.
What did Pierre Ryckmans think of June Fourth? Banal. I thought he was callous at the time. But now, I realised he was expressing a world weariness.
I now regret I didnot interview Michael Halliday on the matter.
Rongxin Li, a scholar of democracy trained between Beijing and Paris, rightly argues that the word "democracy" is "unconsciously linked to 'the West'."
This point has been demonstrated by historians of the word, like John Keane, Benjamin Isakhan, and Kathleen McCrudden-Illert, who show that the "standard" or "official" or "male" narrative of democracy is incredibly biased, full of holes, and generally founded on dubious claims of cultural manifestation and imperial lineages.
Li's point is about how the word is understood today. Once evoked, the signifier tends to point to the following signifiers:
- Abraham Lincoln (supporter of colonialism in 19th C 'USA', mass executioner of Indigenous people)
- Magna Carta (aristocrats further empowering themselves in medieval imperial England)
- French Revolution (a time of terror and murder)
- American Revolution (establishment of a parasitic federation of colonies which murdered Indigenous and Black peoples, virtually enslaved Central and East Asian immigrants, etc, to establish itself)
- Voting (typically a majoritarian process that can, in FPTP systems, lead to minorities deciding for the majority)
etc., etc.,
I've, of course, taken a baldly critical view here of the aforementioned points in an attempt to join hands with John Dunn and "break democracy's spell".
Li argues that we need to be aware of the shortcomings of what we signify when we utter, read, or think the word "democracy" and to be more sensitive to the other words in the world - especially in other languages - and what they, in turn, signify.
We are literally surrounded by thousands of years of cultural resources which do, once put to analysis, show themselves to be against tyranny, against paternalism, for peace, for equality, for popular control of power, and so forth.
Now it's over to you: what do you think the word "democracy" should be unconsciously linked to? And why would that be preferable to 'the West'?
I am researching about British Empire in the Persian Gulf during XIX Century.
I am writing an essay on performance spaces that host balls for the LGBTQ community, I have researched the underground balls in Harlem which the most famous example being the Imperial Elks lodge, however there is no photos or information inside of what it looks like inside.
This discussion can be sensitive philosophically for some people. The philosophy of science is based on Eurocentrism and western culture excessively from time to time. In other words, this means that the philosophy of science relies on western culture and aspects too much. However, science should be objective and not involve a single philosophical view and culture, as this can lead to only one direction biasedly. So, how can we avoid and improve this matter in science? I want to know the international perspective on this. For example, the Aztecs, Mayas and Incas did not have the philosophy of European science, but they built great architectures and had well-developed Astronomy based on their scientific methods and philosophy.
P.S. This has nothing to do with academic staff and students, including my supervisor, in our department. I personally, always, try to seek to improve philosophical methodologies in science for understanding our nature with open-mindedness. Therefore, I put this discussion in Researchgate.
Why not ? We suspect the answer might be useful for calculating reverberation time in addition to sound intensity field in audio rooms of different geometries.
We are hunting around for the related information about the following conclusion:
- The 1890s were a watershed in virology, when Russian microbiologist Dmitri Ivanovski (alternative spelling Dmitrii Iwanowski or Dmitry Iwanowski or Dimitri Ivanovski or Dmitri Iwanovsky or Dmitrij Ivanovskij)(Russian: Дми́трий Ио́сифович Ивано́вский)(1864–1920) isolated the tobacco mosaic virus in 1892 and reported it to the Imperial Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg1.
Q1: What exactly is the correct spelling?
There are at least 10 different English spellings of his name. In Ref. 2, on p. 755, the editors spelled the Russian scientist’s name as Dimitri Ivanovski2. However, most authors spelled his name as Dmitri Ivanovski in their literature3, whereas many others spelled his name as Dmitri Iwanovsky in English textbooks and documents.
Q2: What is the most accurate description of his identity?
In the same vein, he was described as a scientist/microbiologist/botanist/virologist in different documents. Which one is the best?
Q3: We need the pertinent reference of 1892.
As the Editorial (Ref. 2) remarked, “some notable achievements in microbiology have gone unrewarded by the Nobel committee.” I think, the isolation of the tobacco mosaic virus in 1892 should be a notable achievement in virology. Embarrassingly, the authors barely care about the original reference or document when recounting the ‘trivial story’.
We need help to check the information about the original reference:
- Von Dm. Iwanowsky. Über die Mosaikkrankheit der Tabakspflanze. Bulletin Scientifique Publié Par l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg. 35: 67–70 (1892).
It would be appreciated if anyone could provide the original document.
References:
1. Iwanowsky, D. V. Über die Mosaikkrankheit der Tabakspflanze (Concerning the mosaic disease of the tobacco plant). Bull. l’Académie impériale des Sci. Saint-pétersbg. 35, 67–70 (1892).
2. Editorial. A Nobel endeavour. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 8, 755–755 (2010).
3. Lechevalier, H. Dmitri Iosifovich Ivanovski (1864-1920). Bacteriol. Rev. 36, 135–145 (1972).
How do Western imperial powers compromise the notion of democracy and people's right in self-governance on the one hand, with political, cultural, and military expansionism on the other?
For example, how could America's long cherished institutions of democracy and liberty as acclaimed human rights hold integrity before the American public? Is it pragmatism on the part of the public, or being subjugated to the political authority, or ignorance about the current American international policy?
Dear colleagues! Do you happen to know if any latest books or articles have emerged on the colonial enterprises of the late Victorian era? I mean the British North Borneo Company, the Royal Niger Company, the British East Africa and South Africa Companies. Maybe Deutsch-Ostafrikanische Gesellschaft and Deutsche Neuguinea-Kompagnie as well. Do you know any works published since late twentieth century?
We are looking to run a quick experiment with rice, but we are having trouble finding seeds in the UK. Any advice or donations on where we can get some Oryza sativa seeds would be very greatly appreciated.
Matt
Imperial London
Dear Colleagues,
It is my pleasure to announce 2020 Ural Workshop on Group Theory and Combinatorics that will be held Online, August 24th-30th, 2020. For details see http://conf.uran.ru/Default?cid=2020uwgtc .
The workshop will be organized by Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics of the Ural Federal University (Yekaterinburg, Russia), N.N. Krasovskii Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics UB RAS (Yekaterinburg, Russia), and The Ural Mathematical Center (Yekaterinburg, Russia).
The workshop aims to cover modern aspects of group theory (including questions of actions of groups on combinatorial objects), graph theory, some combinatorial aspects of topology and optimization theory, and related topics.
The program of the workshop consists of 50-minute talks by keynote speakers and a number of 15-20-minute contributed talks.
Our Keynote Speakers (in alphabet ordering):
Rosemary Bailey (The University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK)
Peter Cameron (The University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK)
Ilya Gorshkov (Sobolev Institute of Mathematics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia)
Tatsuro Ito (Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan and Anhui University, Hefei, China)
Alexander (Sasha) Ivanov (Imperial College London, London, UK)
Elena Konstantinova (Novosibirsk State University and Sobolev Institute of Mathematics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia)
Denis Krotov (Sobolev Institute of Mathematics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia)
Mikhail Khachay (N.N. Krasovskii Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics UB RAS and Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia)
Long Miao (Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China)
Ilia Ponomarenko (Petersburg Department of V. A. Steklov Institute of Mathematics, Saint Petersburg, Russia)
Viktor Mazurov (Sobolev Institute of Mathematics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia)
Christopher Parker (University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK)
Cheryl Praeger (The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia)
Danila Revin (Sobolev Institute of Mathematics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia and N.N. Krasovskii Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics UB RAS, Yekaterinburg, Russia)
Wujie Shi* (Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China)
Sergey Shpectorov (University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK)
Arseny Shur* (Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia)
Alexey Staroletov (Sobolev Institute of Mathematics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia)
Ying-Ying Tan* (Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, China)
Vladimir Trofimov* (N.N. Krasovskii Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics UB RAS and Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia)
Evgeny Vdovin (Sobolev Institute of Mathematics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia)
Mikhail (Misha) Volkov (Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia)
Yaokun Wu (Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China)
Alexandre Zalesskii* (University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK)
__
* to be confirmed
Registration
To attend the workshop please register for free until August 15, 2020 via the website http://conf.uran.ru/Default?cid=2020uwgtc .
In your registration form, you are welcome to give us some information on your mathematical interests. We kindly ask keynote speakers to register via this website to be available for mailings!
Contributed talks
If you want to contribute a talk, please prepare your one-page abstract with the template (see the website http://conf.uran.ru/Default?cid=2020uwgtc ), fill the corresponding form in "My Submissions" on the website, and upload your abstract until July 20, 2020.
We kindly ask you to name the file with your abstract as follows FirstName_LastName.tex.
Contacts
If you have any questions, don't hesitate to contact to me via e-mail butterson[at]mail[dot]ru.
Best regards,
Natalia Maslova
DSc
Leading Researcher, Krasovskii Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics
Associate Professor, Ural Federal University
620990, Yekaterinburg
butterson[at]mail[dot]ru
In the late 1920s the US War Department devised a plan to destroy the British Empire. American troops would invade Canada and the Caribbean to draw out the British Navy, which they then intended to destroy leaving the Empire undefended. The USA would assume influence in these areas and gain economically.
WW1 had caused insularity within the US and there was increasing anti-British feeling. The United States was also caught up in its own Imperial adventure. The plan was abandoned on the basis that regime change in the UK would be accomplished by Hitler. The American Embassy in London took notes on Britain for the above purpose until WW2. This process was reinitiated after the war, but not through war.
The Secret US Plan to Overthrow the Brotish Empire by Graham M Simons
Writing a research paper on the impact of the post-war activities of Imperial Japanese biological and chemical warfare personnel on Japan presently
How does Hofstede's theory on 6 dimensions of culture (used to compare culture to culture) speak to themes found in cultural studies and postcolonial studies literature (such as orientalism and occidentalism, stereotype)?
Hofstede is this researcher who did a research study in the workplace in 50 countries in the 70s, and he created 6 dimensions to compare the culture of one country to another such as individualism vs. collectivism, power distance (the degree to which the less powerful members of a society accept and expect that power is distributed unequally), masculinity vs. femininity (The Masculinity represents a preference in society for achievement, heroism, assertiveness, and material rewards for success. Its opposite, Femininity, stands for a preference for cooperation, modesty, caring for the weak and quality of life), etc.
To read more about the Hofstede's dimensions, go here: https://www.hofstede-insights.com/models/national-culture/
Does anyone know how to download the accelerograms recorded in the Imperial County Services Building in El Centro?
Joan Robinson, an English economist in the Keynes tradition once said this. I think she meant that being out of the economic loop is worse than being exploited. What did she mean?
I do know of people who feel that the Western campaigns against exploitative corporate practices in the Third World are just a cover for protectionism.
So, is there a good and bad side to exploitations?
More and more we hear that nationalism is the main problem of our era, from Trump's Make America Great Again to the post imperial dreams of the Brexiteers, from Catalonia to Ireland and so it goes on.
But is nationalism not, at one level, just a way of binding together human beings within a given territory so that they have some cohesion and sense of purpose?
Related to the increasing use of synthetic materials and plastics, water and ocean pollution with plastics but also micro-plastic (fibres) emerges as an urgent global issue (Jambeck et al, 2015; Avio et al, 2016 (Marine Environmental Research 2016 1-10); Sebille et al, 2016 - Biefing Paper 19, Imperial College, London UK; Ocean Atlas of Heinrich Böll Foundation, 2017, Germany etc). Especially the generation of micro-fibres from deteriorating macro-plastics, from textile fibres (mainly generated in laundromat!), runoff from roads and highways (tire particles from abrasion!) ´may result in unknow health and envrionmental impacts along the various pathways. It would be timely to produce a review paper that identifies and summarizes the various known research findings and impacts.
Hi
I would like to have some seismic and piezometric record of some earthquake recorded by the downhole array in Imperial Valley-California (Ex.: Elmore Ranch Earthquake-1987; Superstition Hills Earthquake-1987) for research the liquefiable soils seismic response
The lack of imperical studies on Higher Education Budgeting in West African Universities.
Hi! I'm considering using Imperial Protein Stain from Thermo to easier detect by protein bands and was wondering if anyone has any advice on how well this works and if the listed LOD (3 ng) is accurate.
The destaining technique to fit it for MS is similar to what we have done, and I was also wondering if anyone has any reviews of the product in terms of its utilization for MS?
Thank you!
Currently, I am working on unsaturated soil mechanics applied to slope stability, I read about ICFEP (general code for geotechnical analysis with a wide range of capabilities) developed by Potts & Zdravkovic and their team.
Is anyone working with ICFEP?, I am looking for experiences using this program.
Dear colleagues! Do you happen to know books or articles (in English, French, German) on how empires (especially European colonial powers in Asia and Africa) used their minting of coins not only according to its intended purpose (pertaining to economy), but also to the purpose of propagandizing the ideas of their invincibility, beneficial character etc. with the help of certain images on coins (like the portraits of kings etc.)? I mean the symbolic role of coins to make imperial rule more acceptable for colonial subjects. So far I know just one such book: Abramzon M.G. Coins as the Means of Propaganda of the Official Policy of the Roman Empire (Moscow, 1995, in Russian).
I'm looking at philosophers who criticize the Lusophony.
I need theoretical foundations for this research topic and also relevant new studies. please help
I'm interested in thinking the criticism of Lusophony, CPLP and the Francophonie.
Hi I wonder if anyone has material neocolonialism and economic activities and social intitucions in Latin America livelihood that can share.
could be on the changes involved the introduction of new colonialist practices in models of livelihood or economic activities in Latin American countries , starting from the social and new livelihoods changes.
some examples?
thanks a lot
There are many factors which are involved in media globalization, media imperialism etc.,
I offer a course on (mainly mainstream) cinematic portrayals of international relations and interactions--using films such as V for Vendetta, Battle of Algiers, Avatar, Dr. Strangelove, Night of the Living Dead, Last Emperor, Fight Club, The Mission, and many others. We discuss culture, politics, colonization, the state, IGOs and international law, war, and utopian/dystopian futures. I would also be interested to read any recommended syllabi, film reviews, critical essays, or other analyses of film and cinema. Many thanks!
In this article, I report on foreign direct investment (FDI) in Cuba by U.S. religious organizations engaged in humanitarian relief efforts (and thus exempt from the U.S. Embargo). I became aware of the huge "presence" of practically every U.S. religious denomination in Cuba when I visited Havana in 2005 as part of a New York State Bar Association "cultural exchange." Given the immense need for poverty alleviation in Cuba (which I assume is the justification for excluding humanitarian relief efforts from the blanket U.S. Embargo), can the continued U.S. embargo on Cuban trade be deemed to be immoral? There seems to be no doubt that it is illegal in that it violates the WTO Free Trade Agreement (the U.S. being a WTO member state) so that is not my question. (All illegal acts are not immoral, such as my jaywalking on a regular basis.)
Article The Cuba Watch