Immunomodulation - Science topic

Symbiotic interactions between plants and fungi depend on tightly regulated molecular mechanisms that enable fungal colonization while modulating host immunity and metabolism. In our current study, we show how the beneficial root endophyte Serendipita indica employs specific enzymatic activities to regulate host cell death – an essential process fo...

BACKGROUND The intestinal microbial ecology plays a significant role in maintaining normal physiological function processes and significantly influences the immune system. However, research regarding its effects on gut flora and in vivo immunomodulation is insufficient. RESULTS In this study, cyclophosphamide was administered to mice to establish...

Due to the changing lifestyle in modern times, peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) are becoming more and more common and can arise from trauma, medical diseases, and even sports injuries. Healing these injuries is a prolognged and challenging process. Studies show different PNI rates; lifetime rates range from 2-3% to higher estimates of 13-23 cases pe...

CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T cell therapy has achieved high response rates in patients with B‐cell lymphoma. However, treatment failure and relapse can be attributable to CAR‐T cell dysfunction and the immunosuppression of the tumor microenvironment. Combination therapy emerges as a solution strategy, and selinexor might be a potential ca...

Ferroptosis has promising potential for augmenting antitumor effects, but monotherapy with ferroptosis inducers in vivo has been reported to have limited efficacy in tumor management. The development of synergistic strategies with targeted capabilities is crucial for enhancing the antitumor efficacy of ferroptosis inducers. In this study, we design...

Introduction: Nephrotic syndrome is a rare clinical manifestation, with an estimated incidence of 3 cases per 100 000 population per year, which can be triggered by medications contributing to the development of its histopathological forms. The literature references various drugs such as antibiotics, allopurinol, pamidronate, sirolimus, among other...

Aging as a complex process is marked by physiological and functional deterioration, making the individual vulnerable to age-related diseases. Different organs experience unique aging processes that lead to conditions such as cardiovascular, cancer, metabolic, and musculoskeletal disorders. Understanding of these processes is essential to formulate...

Background Mesenchymal stem cells are of great interest because of their multipotency, immune modulation capacity, and tissue and vascular regeneration effects. They are used in treating type 1 diabetes mellitus, helping improve the pancreatic environment and insulin secretion. Type 1 diabetes mellitus predominantly affects children and adolescents...

Macrophage phenotypic dysregulation, spatially by biofilm and dynamically in time, impedes the healing of diabetic ulcers (DUs). Effective treatment requires enabling spatiotemporal regulation of macrophage polarization, balancing the M1 pro‐inflammatory antimicrobial response with the M2 anti‐inflammatory tissue‐regeneration response. Here, a core...

Chronic inflammation and immune dysregulation are central to the pathogenesis of numerous degenerative, metabolic, and autoimmune conditions. A growing body of research suggests that the synergistic application of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) can offer significant advancements...

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) represent some of the most challenging conditions to treat due to progressive neuronal loss and limited intrinsic regenerative capacity. As traditional pharmacological therapies offer minimal neurorestorative effects, there has been...

Brucellosis is a significant zoonotic infection with increasing global prevalence. Traditional treatments rely on antibiotic combinations, but challenges such as drug resistance and relapse necessitate the exploration of alternative therapeutic options. Imipramine hydrochloride (ImiP) has shown potential as an adjunctive treatment for infectiou...

Background Multiple myeloma (MM) is a haematological malignancy, driven by complex interactions between tumor and immune cells. Nevertheless, the overall pattern of immune cells and MM pathogenesis within the bone marrow tumor microenvironment (BM-TME) remains underexplored. Methods and Results Firstly, we performed Mendelian Randomization analysi...

Organs dynamically interact with each other through immunomodulation to create a systemic immune response and influence disease progression. While traditional studies have tended to focus on single‐organ immunity, recent studies have placed greater emphasis on reciprocal immune interactions between organs, such as those between the gut, liver, and...

Feline mammary gland tumors are a serious health concern, resulting in a significant reduction in the animal’s lifespan and a decrease in the overall quality of life. Malignant tumors often lead to recurrences and metastases. Among endogenous factors that may influence the development or progression of mammary neoplasia, prolactin (PRL) and vascula...

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) function as pivotal components of the innate immune system by orchestrating trained immunity through dynamic epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming. Recent discoveries demonstrate that PRRs not only detect pathogens but also actively regulate immune cell metabolism and transcriptional landscapes, thereby potenti...

Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) in the central nervous system (CNS) are capable of proliferating, migrating, and differentiating into oligodendrocytes. OPCs are crucial for the myelination of axons during development and remyelination after injury in adulthood. OPCs also play important roles in promoting angiogenesis, neurotrophy, and immun...

Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens, a lactic acid bacterium isolated from kefir grains, has various probiotic functions, including antioxidant activity, improvement of intestinal health, and immunomodulation. However, the effect of its postbiotic on immune modulation has been rarely reported. In this study, the immunomodulatory activities of the Lactoba...

During pregnancy, the mother-placenta relationship involves intricate and dynamic exchanges. Over the course of gestation, the maternal body encounters numerous fetal materials secreted by the placenta, such as hormones, growth factors, and extracellular vesicles like exosomes. These exosomes are carriers of key biomolecules, including proteins, li...

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease affecting the world’s poorest populations in over 90 countries, of which visceral leishmaniasis (VL)/kala-azar is the most fatal. Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a chronic dermal sequela that occurs in patients who have undergone treatment for VL caused by Leishmania donovani . The geograp...

Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) presents with associated neurologic and vascular damage triggers a chain of events that lead to a secondary brain injury. Proper prevention may limit undesirable outcomes. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their secretome are promising therapeutic agents for a variety of neurological injuries, including TBI,...

Silicosis, a form of lung fibrosis (LF), remains a major global health concern because there are few effective ways to diagnose or treat it. Due to their potential function as diagnostic markers and modulators of cancer, exosomal miRNAs are notably featured in more recent advancements. Such exosomal miRNAs offer an invasive approach to diagnosing a...

Background Septic-induced coagulopathy (SIC) is a major cause of mortality in sepsis, closely associated with endothelial glycocalyx damage. Enolase 1 (Eno1), a key enzyme in glycolysis, plays a crucial role in sepsis-related systemic inflammation and the maintenance of glycocalyx integrity. Objective This study utilizes multi-omics analysis to in...

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare, autoimmune disease that results in recurring, often severe attacks on the optic nerves and spinal cord that may result in profound visual loss and paralysis. Since the late 1990s, NMOSD was treated with traditional immunosuppressive therapies. Recently, four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were...

Parasitic nematodes produce a variety of molecules that modulate the immune system of their hosts. Over 30 molecules have been identified from more than a dozen nematode species. Some molecules are present in many species; immunomodulation has been demonstrated in some species and is assumed to exist in the remainder. Other immunomodulators appear...

Plant-derived lectins are getting growing interest for their potential biomedical applications, however, there are few studies on lectins from Eucalyptus vicina fruits. The aim of the current study was to isolate and characterize a new phytolectin from Eucalyptus vicina fruits (EVL) and evaluate its immunomodulatory activity. EVL was purified throu...

Leishmania spp. are intracellular protozoan parasites responsible for leishmaniasis, a globally prevalent vector‐borne disease transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies. Within vertebrate hosts, the parasites preferentially infect macrophages and dendritic cells, leading to cell lysis and the formation of disfiguring lesions. Current treatment regimens...

The low immunogenicity and immunosuppressive phenotype of breast cancer significantly limit the effectiveness of immunotherapy. This study reveals that histone deacetylases (HDACs) are upregulated in breast cancer, while lower levels of HDACs and higher levels of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) are associated with better patient prognosis. M...

Background The effect of disease conditions on the differentiation capability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been extensively studied. However, the mechanism by which disease-related alterations in MSCs affect the immune response has not been reported. Methods and results MSCs were isolated from adipose tissue of healthy and EAE-induced mice...

Background and Aims Pulmonary disorders significantly impact worldwide healthcare, highlighting the necessity for enhanced diagnostic and treatment approaches. This narrative review seeks to investigate the potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as an innovative therapeutic strategy for diverse pulmonary disorders. Methods This review synthesiz...

There is an emerging role for vitamin E in orthopaedics due to its antioxidant, immunomodulation and anti-inflammatory effects. The current review aims to comprehensively evaluate evidence regarding the use, benefits, pitfalls and future implications of vitamin E in diverse subspecialties of orthopaedics. A comprehensive search of literature was pe...

Background Systemic lupus erythematosus is characterized by multiorgan involvement and the presence of autoantibodies. Porphyria cutanea tarda is a condition that affects the liver and skin by downregulating and inhibiting the enzyme uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase in erythrocytes. The presence of the two diseases simultaneously is rare, so we prese...

Bisphosphonates (BPs) are widely used in treating bone-related conditions, with emerging evidence supporting their potential in treating both skeletal and extra-skeletal diseases. However, their clinical utility is limited by high cytotoxicity, particularly toward macrophages, leading to immune system disruption upon frequent use. This limitation h...

Cyclolinopeptides (CLs) are active ingredients with significant edible and medicinal value, that have been isolated from Linum usitatissimum L. in recent years. CLs can also be extracted from flaxseed oil, but there is currently no quality control or standardization of their content in flaxseed oil. CLs exhibit elevated efficiency, low toxicity, an...

Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), originally developed as antimalarial drugs, have found a new purpose in treating various autoimmune diseases due to their immunomodulatory properties. These drugs work through multiple mechanisms, including inhibiting Toll-like receptor signaling, suppressing antigen presentation, and modulating autoph...

Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common and widespread autoimmune disease whose incidence is increasing. Stir-baked Xanthii fructus (XF) is used to treat RA in clinic. However, it’s in vivo efficacy and mechanistic pathways remain unclear. This study aimed to explored XF’s therapeutic effects and its mechanisms by comprehensive serum met...

Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AD-MSCs) are known for their immunomodulatory responses to inflammation, a key trait for their therapeutic use in tissue injury and chronic inflammatory diseases. However, the effects of constant inflammation on their transcriptomic profile, proliferative capacity, and immunosuppressive potential rem...

Cancer is as a paramount global health challenge, characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation and metastatic spread. Recent molecular and genomic discoveries have led to further understanding about the mechanisms underlying cancer initiation and progression, leading to novel therapeutic approaches. The evolution of cancer treatment spans m...

Background: Idiopathic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune hematological disorder characterized by a platelet count below 100 × 10⁹/L due to immune-mediated destruction and impaired production of platelets. Immune regulatory molecules, including cytokines and immune checkpoint markers, play a vital role in modulating the inflammatory env...

Background Ischemia-induced inflammation is the primary pathological mechanism underlying cardiac tissue injury caused by myocardial infarction (MI). Trichinella spiralis cystatin (Ts-Cys) has been shown to regulate macrophage polarization and alleviate various inflammatory and immune-related diseases. Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) is a crucial ch...

Background Transplant rejection remains a significant challenge, necessitating effective post-transplant interventions. Although rapamycin (RAPA) is a recognized immunosuppressant, its utility is limited by poor solubility and delivery efficiency. This study investigates a self-assembly strategy to enhance the solubility and efficacy of RAPA agains...

Periodontitis is a common and frequent oral disease which is characterized by persistent loss of periodontal supportive tissue and seriously affects the physical and psychological health. Existing clinical diagnostic indicators are incapable of accurately diagnosing periodontitis patients at an early stage, while traditional treatment methods are u...

Bee venom (BV) is a complex bioactive mixture known for its paradoxical ability to exert both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects, making it a compelling modulator of inflammatory responses. In this study, we investigated the effect of BV on human neutrophil inflammatory functions in vitro and its effect on inflammation in vivo in rats....

Vitamin C, a potent antioxidant, is gaining attention in the field of transfusion medicine for its potential to enhance blood transfusion practices. Recent studies suggest that Vitamin C can significantly improve erythrocyte preservation by mitigating oxidative damage during storage, thereby maintaining cell membrane integrity and functionality. Th...

Objectives This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: Primary To assess the comparative benefits and harms of immunomodulators and immunosuppressants for people with generalised myasthenia gravis through a network meta‐analysis. Secondary To estimate the relative ranking of immunomodulators and immunos...

Probiotics are characterized as beneficial live microorganisms which, when consumed in sufficient quantities, provide measurable health advantages to the host organism. These beneficial microbes, primarily comprising specific strains of bacteria and yeasts, play a critical role in restoring and maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis, enhancing gast...

Background Human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have potential as a treatment for inflammatory diseases, including acute lung injury (ALI), due to their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. However, their clinical efficacy is often limited by poor post-transplant survival and adaptability in the host environment. Accordingly, MSCs a...

Background Dental pulp-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (DPMSCs) represent a promising avenue for regenerative medicine. However, the therapeutic potency of DPMSCs is substantially influenced by their functional heterogeneity emerging during ex vivo expansion. Therefore, identifying and selecting the most potent subpopulation of DPMSCs following e...

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a prevalent inflammatory disease where immunomodulation plays a pivotal role. However, immuno-transcriptomic characteristics and its clinical relevance remains largely known. We analyzed transcriptome data of 48 patients with CRSwNP and 34 healthy control subjects from different cohorts and inves...

Background Kawasaki disease (KD), a pediatric systemic vasculitis, lacks reliable diagnostic biomarkers and exhibits immune heterogeneity, complicating clinical management. Current therapies face challenges in targeting specific immune pathways and predicting treatment responses. Methods Multi-cohort transcriptomic data were integrated to identify...

Background OM-85 is a well-characterized bacterial lysate with antiviral properties, enhancement of airway epithelial barrier function, and tolerance induction. However, real-world evidence is needed to evaluate its effectiveness as an add-on therapy in patients with allergic asthma. Methods This retrospective cohort study analyzed medical records...

Accumulating scientific evidence has established a strong etiological association between Helicobacter pylori infection and the pathogenesis of gastric disorders. Clinical antibiotic therapy for this microorganism is significantly constrained by gradually decreased therapeutic outcomes and bacterial immunosuppression to the host. H. pylori can esca...

Flavonoids, plant-derived compounds widely recognized for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties, also exhibit significant antiviral effects against various animal viruses. This review highlights the promising antiviral mechanisms of flavonoids, which include disrupting viral replication, blocking cell entry, and modulating...

The efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) mediated regenerative therapies has been hindered by the senescence of them during long period cultures. Aged MSCs exhibit altered morphology, decreased stemmas, changed intercellular communication, and poor differentiation ability. Besides in physiological condition, upon transplantation of senescent M...

The carbohydrates known as non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO) include inulin-fructooligosaccharides (FOS), which have been consumed by humans for a very long time. In vitro and in vivo research have demonstrated that inulin has several nutritional benefits, primarily related to the stimulation of bifidobacteria. Similar to dietary fiber, inulin...

Lidocaine, a widely used local anaesthetic, has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties with applications in surgery. During a surgical procedure, inflammation is a natural response of the body, triggered by the release of inflammatory mediators and the activation of the immune system. However, an excessive response...

Pericytes, specialized mural cells residing within the basement membrane of pulmonary microvessels, participate in various biological processes, including vascular homeostasis, immunomodulation, and tissue repair. However, these beneficial physiological roles can be detrimental under pathological conditions. Numerous pulmonary fibrosis models have...

Tuberculosis (TB) treatment faces significant challenges due to prolonged therapy and drug resistance, necessitating innovative anti-TB strategies. Thus, developing an innovative platform with effective anti-TB activity would offer more advantages. In this study, the pH-sensitive niosomal formulation of lactoferricin (Lfcin-Nio) was fabricated usin...

Simple Summary The advent of immunotherapy and data published in the landmark PACIFIC trial have revolutionized the treatment of inoperable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). After concurrent chemotherapy and radiation therapy with durvalumab consolidation, however, about 50% of patients will develop disease recurrence, highlighting an o...

Background There is growing evidence that anti-TNF-α therapies may trigger immune-mediated polyneuropathies. However, the clinical spectrum, therapeutic strategies, and long-term outcomes remain insufficiently defined. This systematic review aims to address these gaps by collecting published case-reports and describing two additional cases of anti-...

Today, Lung cancer is the cancer with the highest fatality rate worldwide,which seriously affects physical and mental health. Due to the inadequacy of existing treatment methods, people have launched extensive research on new drugs with potential for cancer treatment. Triptolide, a diterpenoid epoxide derived from Tripterygium wilfordii, has emerge...

Chronic eczema is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease, with a prevalence of 7.8% to 10.2% in China. It is characterized by skin itching, redness, swelling, exudation, and scaling, which severely affect the quality of life of patients. Modern medicine primarily uses hormonal drugs, antihistamines, and immunosuppressants for treatment. Althoug...

Folic acid is an essential component of many metabolic processes, including the synthesis of nucleoproteins, purines, and pyrimidines, and is a recommended supplement to lower the incidence of various disorders. Folic acid and folate‐loaded nanoparticles are extensively evaluated for sustained release and enhanced stability of the molecule; however...

Background This study determined the incidence of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) in patients with lung cancer based on immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) exposure. Methods National claims data were obtained from 68,174 patients with lung cancer treated with ICIs or comparator non-ICIs (cytotoxic chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or both) betw...

Red blood cells (RBCs) have traditionally been excluded from orthobiologic formulations due to inflammation, oxidative stress, and hemolysis concerns. However, emerging evidence suggests that RBCs may play an active role in regenerative medicine, contributing to immune modulation, vascular support, and oxidative balance. Their interactions with mac...

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs), multipotent stromal cells abundant in adipose tissue, exhibit remarkable plasticity in modulating systemic metabolism, inflammatory responses, and immune homeostasis. Their bidirectional interactions with the tumor microenvironment (TME) position them as both accomplices and antagonists in cancer prog...

While numerous studies have extensively documented the pleiotropic effects of statins, including their capacity to reduce inflammation, there is a lack of research estimating the anti-inflammatory effectiveness of statins among individuals with chronic diseases. This meta-analysis evaluates the effect of statin therapy on inflammatory markers and t...

Small extracellular vesicles (small EV) are a conserved means of communication across the domains of life and lately gained more interest in mammalian non-cancerous work as non-cellular, biological therapeutic with encouraging results in recent studies of chronic degenerative diseases. The nucleus pulposus (NP) is the avascular and aneural center o...

Background Sepsis is a systemic host response to infection with life-threatening consequence which ranks among the top ten causes of death worldwide. Nevertheless, our understanding of the molecular and cellular impact of sepsis remains rudimentary. Methods A mouse sepsis model was established through LPS induction and Escherichia coli (E. coli) i...

The type III secretion system (T3SS) has traditionally been studied for its role in bacterial virulence. However, recent research emphasizes its dual role in beneficial interactions between bacteria and plants. This review examines the immunomodulatory functions of T3SS beyond pathogenicity and focuses on how T3SS effectors manipulate plant immune...

Deep-seated tumors present significant diagnostic challenges and pose substantial mortality risks due to their occult anatomical localization. Current diagnostic paradigms predominantly depend on conventional imaging modalities; nevertheless, inherent technical constraints persistently compromise diagnostic precision and therapeutic efficacy. In co...

Background Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (hUCMSC-Exos) have gained significant attention for their potential in cellular regeneration and functional rehabilitation. Nevertheless, the rapid expansion of research in this field makes it challenging for emerging trends and strategic priorities, potentially impeding scienti...

Purpose This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of various immunomodulatory therapy (IMT) regimens in managing non-infectious uveitis (NIU) and to identify optimal treatment strategies for refractory cases. The study focused on patients who failed primary IMT and required revisions due to uncontrolled inflammation or frequent r...

My project explores the risk of cutaneous infections among melanoma patients, with a focus on how immunosuppression and oncologic vulnerability intersect with dermatologic health. Despite advances in melanoma treatment, affected patients may face significantly increased odds of bacterial, viral, and fungal skin infections—ranging from cellulitis an...

Endometriosis, a complex inflammatory disease, affects a significant proportion of women of reproductive age, approximately 10–15%. The disease involves the growth of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity, leading to tissue remodeling and fibrosis. Hormonal imbalances, accompanied by local and general inflammation and pain, are k...

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a rare and life-threatening severe cutaneous adverse reaction. The conventional treatment approach includes immunomodulatory therapies, such as systemic corticosteroids, cyclosporine, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors. Plasmapheresis, as a potential treatment fo...

Background: Stem cells can be divided into mono-potent, oligopotent, multipotent, pluripotent, and totipotent. Dental and oral stem cells are stem cells found in the teeth and mouth that has the potential to develop into various cell types. The rapid development of regenerative dentistry has resulted in the exploration of stem cells, including dent...

While the effects of cancer vaccines have been extensively studied in the therapeutic setting, research has been more limited in the areas of cancer prevention and interception. Although cancer prevention by vaccines has been possible for viral-mediated cancers, such as cervical cancers and hepatocellular carcinoma, preventing non-viral cancers by...