Science topics: MedicineImmunology
Science topic
Immunology - Science topic
Immunology is a broad branch of biomedical science that covers the study of all aspects of the immune system in all organisms. It deals with the physiological functioning of the immune system in states of both health and diseases; malfunctions of the immune system in immunological disorders (autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivities, immune deficiency, transplant rejection); the physical, chemical and physiological characteristics of the components of the immune system in vitro, in situ, and in vivo.
Questions related to Immunology
Complications of dengue are due to immunological reactions like COVID 19 virus. Although clinical manifestations vary in different viruses, almost all complications can be prevented by early use of glucocorticoids preferably prednisolone. During last three weeks we have used prednisolone 40 mg daily within 2 to 4 days of onset of fever in NS1 four positive adult cases of dengue with high fever and three child cases NS1 negative ( 102 to 106 degree Fahrenheit ) in Dhaka and Rangpur, Bangladesh. Surprisingly, in all cases, fever subsided to base line within 6 to 8 hours with a single dose of prednisolone. Platelets counts found normal till three weeks of followup. There was no loss of appetite but blood pressure found reduced for several days.
Hello Everyone,
I've established the WhatsApp group for Immunology and Cancer Specialists in the field of Invivo Oncology. If you're interested and actively contributing to this field, kindly provide your contact number, and I'll ensure you're added to the group. This collaborative effort will allow us to share and benefit from each other's knowledge and expertise.
We know that memory cell is a very important part of our body's immunology. Once it forms, it survives in our body for a long time such as years to decades. But normal cells go for apoptosis after a certain time. Why memory cell don't go for apoptosis or what is the reason behind this long lifespan?
Dear ResearchGate community,
I'm currently engaged in research involving the prediction of immune responses using transcriptome data. As part of this, I'm exploring the utility of random forests and decision trees as predictive models.
In case of transcriptomics, what performance metrics have you found most informative when comparing the predictive accuracy of random forests and decision trees? Given the complexity of gene expression data, are there metrics that particularly resonate with understanding immune response prediction? Do you have any tips for optimizing model parameters to prevent overfitting and enhance generalization?
I'm excited to hear about your experiences working at the intersection of transcriptomics, immune responses, and machine learning.
Thank you in advance for your contributions, and I'm looking forward to engaging in enlightening discussions.
Best regards,
Emil
A patient with desminopathy (mutation Thr341Pro DES in a heterozygous state) with the progression of the disease has a decrease in taste and smell, immunosuppression, and an increase in IgA in the blood.
Oddly enough, but all this is characteristic of infections, including viral ones. For example, it is known that if the hepatitis C virus is not treated, then death will occur in 20 years.
In the identified case of late onset desminopathy, muscle weakness manifests itself at the age of 30, and death occurs 20 years after the onset of the disease.
Could the desmin mutation in myofibrillar myopathy be caused by an infection?
Perhaps the infection contributes to the progression of desminopathy?
What are the available guidlines for finished product visual inspection for sterile immunological veterinary products?
I have recently coupled some magplex beads to protein, using the biorad kit and beads following a standard protocol from my supervisor that has worked well previously.
When I went to count these (used 1ul beads in 9ul diluent) there was barely anything in the square but I saw way more beads at the edge of the haemocytometer outside of the square? Per calculations from the square there were only about a million beads per ml instead of around 8-10 million/ml (the amount it should be) going by the counts. I doubted this so I ran a test on the luminex. I did a column with beads diluted as though there was 8 million/ml, one where I assumed they were all about 3mil/ml to avoid wasting too many beads. Both columns came up just fine when I read the plate so now I'm even more confused. Does anyone have any idea how to resolve this or a standard counting protocol as I don't have access to a cell counter.
Activation of naive T cells generally requires antigen to be presented by dendritic cells in lymph nodes. Activation of naive B cells generally requires opsonized antigen to be displayed by follicular dendritic cells in lymph nodes.
Thus, it seems that dendritic cells and complement (innate immune system) need to recognize a pathogen before an adaptive immune response can be initiated. Is this always the case?
The topic can be related to immunological disorders or transplantation immunology as well.
Dear colleagues kindly help me out
Hey everybody,
I am looking for an easy method and also software for analyzing TCR repertoires.
is Spectratyping the easiest method? do you suggest any method which is easy to set it up in the laboratory? does that method t have an analyzing tool?
On 21-22-23 June 2023, the Milan Medical School of Ambrosiana University promoted an International Conference in streaming, on the subject:
The paradigm change of medicine: the epistemological and scientific basis
of Person-Centered Medicine
This conference is aimed to underscore the urgent need for overcoming Medicine's current wrong and obsolete deterministic-mechanistic-biological paradigm based on the linear causality toward the assumption in Medical Education, Clinics, and Public Health of the right indeterministic person-centered paradigm of human nature, Medicine, medical science, and health.
Call for papers on the following topics:
EPISTEMOLOGY AND MEDICINE, ALLOSTASIS PHYSIOLOGY, EPIGENETICS PSYCHO-NEURO-ENDOCRINE-IMMUNOLOGY, PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, NEUROBIOLOGY, MEDICAL ETHICS, PERSON-CENTERED MEDICINE, PERSON-CENTERED HEALTH, PERSON-CENTERED PSYCHIATRY, MEDICAL EDUCATION, WHO and HEALTH DEFINITION, SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY
If you have an interactionist approach to behavior and affectivity quality, PNEI, neuromodulation, and epigenetics you are welcome.
Deadline: June 10, 2023
Registration and abstract forms on
Giuseppe R.Brera
Rector of Ambrosiana University
Director of the Milan School of Medicine
It is important to measure immunological variables in athletes from time to time because of their direct impact on performance.
Planning to run my assays this week, but not sure if I will be able to tomorrow. I want to prep as much as possible ahead of time, and was wondering if I could coat my plates with 10ug/mL antigen in bicarbonate buffer tonight, then use at a later time this week.
If so, should I keep the wells full of buffer until time of use, or dry them the next day then store at 4C until use?
Hello, I just graduated from college and am conducting immunology research.
I am following a protocol that isolates extracellular vesicles which asks for an ultra-centrifugation step at 100,000g for 2hours. Unfortunately, my building only has an ultra-centrifuge that goes up to 48,000g.
I was wondering if anyone knows how I can relate the 48,000g with 100,000g through time. For example, would 4 hours at 48,000g be equivalent to 100,000g for 2 hours?
I would really appreciate any advice or resources!
I have two DEG sets for 2 disease conditions (from mild to severe condition) of the same viral infection. When I look at the common gene from these two sets of DEGs, I found that some genes show opposite expression among these two conditions ( Like a gene downregulated in mild but up-regulated in severe or vice versa). So what I want to know is that,
1) If this phenomenon is normal in viral infection??
Aside from inhibiting protease activity (not effectively working), I read some papers about doing modifications to the antibodies:
using unnatural amino Acids
using mPEG
But, are there better options, more commercially applicable?
Hello
I wish good health to all my friends.
I had two questions.
1: Is free vitamin D in serum the same as vitamin D in VDBP in terms of immunological properties and can it be identified with a similar monoclonal antibody?
2:
In making the extraction buffer for vitamin D ELISA kit, is the best way to separate vitamin D from VDBP pH shock or can other cases be used? If my friends have any other suggestions, I would be grateful if you could guide me.
Thanks
The term "genetically restricted" is not obvious for me as in "CTL target cell killing was genetically restricted". Could anyone explain this, please?
A few years ago I moved from my job as a biologist in a research institute to a private research manager.
Right now I'm looking for ideas on how to collaborate with other researchers in academic institutions.
I have experience in lateral flow, immunology and cancer research.
Currently my main asset is my experience and I eager to do research again.
Hi,
I want to start a very interesting discussion, please take part if you think same.
Can we use artificial intelligence in Immunology? Like creating diagnostic kits, experiments & many more.
Anybody would like to contribute whatever he knows?
If possible provide me with pics of the dissection that show the location of both
I have trouble shooting with flow cytometry. People told me that immune human cells needs higher concentrations of antibody than mouse cells. Does anybody have any insights on that?
Thanks a lot!
Arthur
Is there a demand for retired professors for above on remote basis? I retire next year but would like to still be involved with academic mentoring. I specifically want to assist PhD students with research proposal, literature background, methods, data analysis and discussion /conclusion formulation and editing. Mentoring will only be done in specialist expertise field namely Immunology, Ecotoxicology/physiology and Biomarker. Would like to know if this is being done remotely.
β-Lactam antibiotics: the most common allergens among drugs.
Why are beta-lactam antibiotics the most common drug allergens?
I was thinking that it could be due to the fact that beta-lactam antibiotics as Penicillins & Cephalosporins, are used in relatively higher amounts (e.g. 500 - 1000mg)
Also, maybe the mode of administration should play a role: other drugs used in the same weight range are given only orally (Vs. antibiotics which are often given parenterally)??
And then this could be all on the chemical identity of these drugs...
I had made hybridoma by fusing sp2/o cells with spleenocytes. however, while doing single cell dilution, I had left the cells in the same media for a period of 7 days (at this time, the cells were in a 96 well plate). now the cells are not attaching when i am transfering to the new culture flask (they do not attach i know, but they are all in the suspension), and i think they are not dividing too. what should i do! please help.
Hey guys,
I have a list of full mouse TCR sequences that I got from my vdj scRNA seq experiment, I am just wondering if there is a tool that might help me to predict what these TCR might recognize?
What do you think are the remaining/unanswered questions in (tumor) immunology?
I'm looking for interesting questions that remains unanswered in the field of immunology, mostly tumor immunology. Do you have any interesting ideas?
Thank you in advance.
I am planning on using 384 well format to acquire transfected HEK293 cells with FACS Caliber. Would like some suggestions on appropriate cell density/well as well any other parameters that should be kept in mind while using a 384 well plate. Also can Cell Quest Pro support 384 format. I am currently using 96 well plate but would like to switch to 384 in order to improve high throughput performance and decrease required cell number for an experiment.
Thanks in advance !
Hello,
I am considering measuring total IgE, as well as anti-dsDNA IgE in mouse serum (most likely via ELISA) and I was wondering whether anyone has any experience in this. The animals in question are lupus-prone and non-immunized. Does anyone have recommendations regarding serum dilutions for such ELISAs? Regarding total IgE I have found recommendations in the range of 1:10 - 1:50 (for non-immunized animals). However, I couldn't find any information on anti-dsDNA IgE ELISAs. Maybe serum anti-dsDNA IgE concentrations are too low for ELISAs.
I would greatly appreciate any feedback!
Hello,
We are planning to carry out flow cytometry of stimulated cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We noticed that these cells form large clumps as they proliferate and these are somewhat hard to break apart by pipetting. What method should we use to break up these aggregates? I assume that filtering would influence the final data since the clumps would be left on the filter.
Thank you!
Hi all,
I am new to immunology field, need some help to distinguish CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD25. What are differences between them for T cells? How to decide which CDs are specific for T cells, B cells, neutrophils and macrophage.
I have been finding the proof that this epitope called NLVPMVATV does not induce cytokine storm for days, but in vain. Could anyone please help me? I really need a reference paper to support this or else my project will be in a great trouble.
I saw many papers are introducing or immunizing mice with ovalbumin (OVA), will this induce a cytokine storm? Is there any paper suggesting that OVA doesn't induce cytokine storm? I've been searching this for days, please help.
I am wonder if any one have a good experience in the IHC multiplex satin. i will study the co expression of biomarkers. any suggestion and recommendation please.
thanks
I am working on peripheral T-cell Lymphoma and looking for methods, assay how to see that isolated granulocytes are activated. I would be very grateful for suggestions.
Hi,
Anyone here using FloJo to analyze data for instance lymphocytes population, please show how will be the outcome after analysis using this software?
In terms of statistics ?
I want to download transcriptomes from different types of immune cells T, B, Effector T cells, plasmatic cells, monocytes, macrophages, etc. It can be from microarray, RNAseq or scRNAseq from human tissues
How can I develop a maternal/infant immunology research group at my college? How to mobilize students? how to encourage them? how to start?
if possible please elaborate the phenomena also
To provide some context:
Once an antigen is processed endogenously or exogenously by the APC's (ex: dendritic cells), it is then presented on MHCI or MHCII as a peptide.
specific naive Tcells have a matching Tcell receptor that is complimentary to the presented peptide. considering the incredible diversity of peptide antigens that can be presented, what governs the production of Tcells having the exact match to the presented peptide?
What is the mechanism of Tcell receptor diversity considering that somatic hypermutation is designated to Bcells?
(picture adapted from: Molecular biology of the cell - Garland science 2008)

i am in my 6th semester and i am looking for some good colleges other than IIT's that are offering masters in immunology and molecular biology in india. can i get some recommendations on the same?
Please let me have a simple question, "Should 7AAD be washed before Flow?". After I stained 1 million cells with antibodies and washed them, I will add 5uL of 7AAD. After incubation for 5 minutes in RT, should 7AAD be washed before the flow cytometer run? I mean, should the cells stained with 7AAD be washed 1-2 times before the flow cytometer run? Or, can I run the cell suspension that includes 7AAD as it is?
My 7AAD product does not have any protocol, and although I search on the internet, each protocol I found differs widely.
I want to detect a specific protein in a pool of exosomes from plasma by ELISA, but I don't sure if the exosomes before ELISA test are o not disrupt using RIPA buffer or another methods. What is the different? The capacity to bind at well is the same in one of this way?
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#MachineLearning
Hello researchers,
I was wondering that what are the most remarkable applications of machine learning algorithms in Biological sciences?
My naive thoughts are:
DeepMind by Google: Protein Structure predictions
#Epitope predictions by DTU - Technical University of Denmark in Immunology
Predicting tumor entities by DKFZ German Cancer Research Center for Central Nervous System.
Please add to this list, looking forward for an interactive discussion.
#structuralbiology #bioinformatics #research #immunology #cancerresearch
My experiment consists of a ex vivo stimulation experiment on isolated human monocytes.
Each biological replicate consists of the same isolate of human monocytes (derived from the same donor) and for each biological replicate there are three treatment conditions. The dependent variable for the experiment is secretion of a specific cytokine. In the analysis I am comparing the mean cytokine secretion of each group against every other group.
I am however unsure when comparing these means whether the data points for the three treatment conditions from each biological replicate should be considered paired or unpaired, as this will obviously influence the statistical test I use?
Thanks,
Gabriel
I'm a biomedical science graduate and hope to continue my MSc in immunology. I would like to know the career options I can have with master's in this discipline.Is it a good area of study. What are the MSc programs available related to immunology? please, recommend me.
Egypt has the highest prevalence of HCV. What is the major risk factor or history behind it?
Hello.
CIBERSORT or CIBERSORTx calculates "p-value" for each analyzed sample. This value seems to suggest the reliability of CIBERSORT analysis for each sample. If it will be p>=0.05, we may exclude the sample from the downstream analysis. However, sometimes we experience that more than half of our samples are excluded by the p-value. It will make the downstream analysis difficult.
Does anyone have a similar experience, and how do you handle this issue?
I am looking forward to your valuable advice.
Hello.
I would like to check cell changes by culturing T cells isolated from PBMC in amino acid-rich or deficient medium. How long should I culture in rich and deficient mediums to check cell changes?
It is also a concern whether it should be cultured in rich/deficient medium from the beginning, or whether it should be cultured in normal medium at first and then moved to culture them.
I'm sorry that my English is not good! Please give me a lot of answers! :)
To obtain serum from fresh blood, it should be drained to a dry collecting tube. We have access to Buffy coats with CPD as the anticoagulant. How can we obtain serum from this?
Antigens are coupled covalently to carboxylated magnetic beads, after immunologic reaction it is planned to elute antibodies and use the for next experiments. We have already tried to elute antibodies with low pH buffers like 50 mM glycine (pH 2.70) and 100 mM citrate (pH 3.0). Eluted antibodies were rapidly neutralized with 1M Tris buffer (pH 8.5), however, repeated run did not show positive reaction with eluted antibodies. Please, help find the best protocol!
Respected researchers or professors,
I am Kumar Sharp, currently a third year MBBS student from India. I will be graduating medical school in 2024.
I have a very keen interest in Pharmacology, drug development, infectious diseases, microbiology and immunology. I have done my best to develop my interests in research and development, public speaking and leadership, publishing work in COVID-19 as well.,which you can see from my profile.
I would like to pursue my future career in these fields and teaching. I belong to a middle class family and do not have adequate resources to apply for international exams.
Can you all suggest if there are any ways to apply for these specialization in countries other than India.?
Hi all,
I am trying to do a cell sort and collect equal numbers of CD3+CD8+ and CD3+CD4+ t cells from naive C57BL/6 mouse spleen. Theoretically 70-80% of CD3+ cells should be CD4+ and 20-30% should be CD8+, but when sorting the other day, the yield of CD3+CD8+ was only ~3% (we need at least 1 million, so this is not nearly enough), with 85% being CD3+CD4+ and the remaining likely be dendritic and NK cells. Based on the sort data, it is unlikely there was an issue with the antibody itself, nor the concentration used (I've also used it recently with no issues). Any thoughts on why I am experiencing significant loss of these CD3+CD8+ cells in comparison to the CD3+CD4+ t cell population?
Thanks for any advice you can provide!
Bispecific antibodies, trispecifics or other formats have been and are still explored as powerful drugs against various cancer types. However, potentially these therapeutic agents could have a much broader application range. What are the reasons, researcher focus on cancer (beyond the obvious ones like incidence rate, death toll...)? The concept of bridging two or more epitopes on different cell types could in my mind potentially be extended to quite a vast range of targets. What about engaging bacterial cells? And what about non-peptide epitopes? Curious to hear some interesting thoughts!
I was wondering if anyone has any experience using alternatives for FCS in their HL60 cell culture (or similar cells), I've read that they can sometimes be cultured serum free. However long term I was wondering if there were any alternatives.
I'm happy to do a side by side comparison myself, but any starting input would be great.
Thanks for any help
Hi all, I did an IF staining for FoxP3 and CD3. Apparently, I can't do double staining due to the antibody available both from the same host. I just wonder if FoxP3+ cells must be overlap with CD3+ t cells? I saw more Foxp3+ cells than CD3+ cells in this case and wonder if the Foxp3+ I saw was a false positive. Any idea? Thanks in advance!
Hello there, i'm working on a differente approach for Plaque Reduction Assays, and i would like to ask you, professional working with this type of technique: which are the major problems found by you when working with PRNT?
We are reaching you out because we are working on a project at the RWTH university Aachen, called Epi-Blood, which enables counting of leukocytes in frozen blood retrospectively, with high accuracy and requires only low volumes. www.Epi-Blood.de
We would like to understand the demand of the service that we will provide in the research sector. Therefore, we ask for just 2 minutes of your time to answer only 5 multiple choice questions. If you feel like contributing, please use the link below to start the survey. Thank you for your participation!
Hello Everyone,
How to perform proliferation assay in terminally differentiated effector cells, I am not very successful getting proliferation in these cells. Please anyone suggest me to how to do it successful way or if anyone overcome similar situation share your knowledge that would be great help.
Thanks in advance for your time
Vertigo is a condition that can make it feel like you or your surroundings are spinning, sometimes leading to a loss of balance, according to the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
Coronavirus 2019 or COVID-19 is a novel entity which had led to many challenges among physicians due to its rapidly evolving nature. Vertigo or dizziness has recently been described as a clinical manifestation of COVID-19.
So, Are dizziness and vertigo COVID-19 Symptoms? and why?
HI All,
I'm doing a survey as part of an Audacious program (https://www.startupdunedin.nz/audacious), which essentially is a StartUp initiative at Otago University. I'm curious to understand what level of programming do biologists these days need during their day to day research.
For all the biologists out there here are some questions to start the discussion on this topic:
1) Have you done any programming till date? If so which language did you use and for what purpose?
2) How have to overcome programming limitations? For example, did you get the work done through bioinformaticians, or sought help from your programming friend, etc?
3) Have you used online biological databases for your research? If so, which one?
4) How much of artificial intelligence have you used in your research? Do you see AI potential in your current work?
If you have anything else to add, please feel free.
How could immune changes due to allergen immunotherapy favor or be deleterious to patients with allergic diseases?
Would there be a difference during the build-up phase versus the maintenance phase of AIT?
*Sudanese Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (SSCI&A)*
💢 *Announcement* :
In collaboration with the Sudanese Junior Doctors Association SJDA, we are delighted to invite you to a highly scientific talk on COVID-19.
🌹We proudly announce the contribution of our renowned members:
🎤 *Dr Gehad Elghazali* (Consultant Clinical Immunologist, UAE),
🎤 *Dr Shuayb Alkhalifa* (Consultant Clinical Immunologist, UK),
🎤 *Dr Amal Hassan* (Consultant Paediatric Immunologist, Qatar),
🎤 *Dr Nahla Erwa* (Consultant Clinical Immunologist, Sudan)
SSCI&A Secretary General
🎤 *Dr Hadeil Morsi* (Immunology ST5, UK).
*We are expecting a great discussion on the use of convalescent plasma in the treatment of COVID 19 and better understanding of the immunology of the disease in general*.
Live Event will be hosted by this page.
Time : 20:00 Tuesday 26 May 2020
🇬🇧19:00 UK
🇸🇩20:00 Sudan
🇸🇦21:00 Saudi Arabia
🇦🇪22:00 UAE
Special thanks and gratitude go to *Dr . Abdalazeem Ibrahim* for the organization and coordination of the whole event.
Sudanese Society Of Clinical Immunology And Allergy *SSCI&A*
External relations office.
If there is Immunological Memory, there is also possibility of;
Immunological Dyslexia.
Immunological Dementia.
Immunological Amnesia.
Is it not ?
And such effects might occur as a result of adaptations in epigenetic system of individuals accompanied by ageing, co-morbidities, polypharmacy etc ?
in order to select an antibody and co stain IHC slides
I'd like to have your opinion on this. What is the likelihood that a SARS-coV 2 variant emerges that can use antibody dependent enhancement?For example, if vaccine-induced antibodies against the S protein RBD become non neutralizing due to new mutations, or if their concentration becomes too low. Some interesting information in this preprint https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.22.432407
I am currently working with Chlamydia infected HeLa cells. The protocol given to me by my PI states this should be happening within 2-10 min. However, he and I have given it a trial run and even after 45 min, we did not observe any lysis happening (under microscope). The basic run down of the protocol is to remove media, wash cells in with DI water, discard, then add ~2 mL of water per well (6 well plate) and observe under microscope. I am currently going through a couple more trials and am thinking of repeating the washing step and adding some form of mechanical shearing.
Is our estimated time too optimistic? Is there something I'm missing?
Thank you.
Hi there , i am consulting about tetanospasmin effects on immunological response without vaccine , what happens before the toxin enters to the CNS ? how the toxins enter to the CNS and PNS?
What is the response of the immune system against the bacteria and the Toxin separately ? Which are the receptors implicated on the initial inflammatory response ?
are there specific recognition sites that display very high affinity for a receptor?