Immunization - Science topic

This study is designed to review the health sector of Sindh by the analysis of different sub-sectors and major programs of the Health Department of the Government of Sindh. This paper examines the Mother and Child Healthcare, Immunization, Malaria Control Program, Child Nutrition, Child Feeding Practices, and Childhood Mortalities as subsectors and...

Background/Objectives: As we commemorate 50 years of the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI), the global mission to eradicate polio stands at a critical juncture. While remarkable progress has been made over the past decades, ensuring a steady supply of polio vaccines remains a significant challenge that could undermine these achievements. Thi...

Desde el inicio de la pandemia de COVID-19 en 2020, la farmacovigilancia ha cobrado una relevancia fundamental en la evaluación de la seguridad de las vacunas. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS) han instado a establecer sistemas de vigilancia robustos y confiables, que permitan una detección t...

Background: Microplanning is widely recognized as a critical tool for improving immunization coverage and equity and is considered a core component of routine immunization. However, there is limited evidence on how microplans are developed and implemented and the effectiveness of microplanning. As such, this study sought to review the existing evid...

This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and spatiotemporal clustering of hepatitis A in mainland China from 2004 to 2019 and to evaluate the practical impact of integrating hepatitis A vaccines into the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI). Spatial and temporal autocorrelation and spatiotemporal scanning statistics were us...

Background Pneumonia is a major cause responsible for mortality and morbidity among children around the world. The present study aimed to determine the age distribution, and contributing risk factors for mortality among children who died from pneumonia. Method This study was a cross-sectional study conducted at Teaching Hospital Peradeniya and Sir...

Resumo Introdução agricultores são trabalhadores reconhecidamente expostos aos agrotóxicos. Entretanto, existem atividades econômicas não agropecuárias que também implicam em potencial exposição a essas substâncias. Objetivo identificar as classes de atividades econômicas com potencial de exposição ocupacional aos agrotóxicos. Métodos foi utilizada...

Mathematical models are established tools to assist in outbreak response. They help characterise complex patterns in disease spread, simulate control options to assist public health authorities in decision-making, and longer-term operational and financial planning. In the context of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs), vaccines are one of the most-...

The menace of poliomyelitis still echoes in most rural areas of Oyo State, and Nigeria, by extension, due to environmental and economic issues. This study examined the awareness and use of radio for polio immunisation campaigns among nursing mothers and pregnant women in the rural areas of Oyo State. The study adopted qualitative research method. A...

Clarifying and differentiating the causes of diseases is an essential step in any clinical activity, but it takes on particular relevance and complexity in the case that arise following vaccinations. The WHO has proposed a protocol that uses a list of specific questions about vaccine-related adverse events and an algorithm for making a judgement. H...

Background: Information regarding the significance of childhood immunization must be provided to mothers to ensure that they will effectively adhere to the immunization regimens that have been prescribed for their children. Furthermore, the recent increase in parental hesitancy towards vaccinating their children may be linked to the spread of inacc...

Introdução: A pneumonia infantil é uma das principais causas de mortalidade entre crianças menores de cinco anos, principalmente em países em desenvolvimento. A doença é causada por uma variedade de agentes infecciosos, sendo o Streptococcus pneumoniae o principal, e a vacinação tem se mostrado uma das ferramentas mais eficazes na prevenção e reduç...

Background Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination is a cornerstone of childhood immunisation programs, protecting against tuberculosis (TB), a major public health concern. Sierra Leone, a West African nation, faces challenges in achieving equitable and high BCG immunisation coverage. This study delves into the trends and inequalities in BCG cov...

Este texto abrangente oferece uma análise aprofundada das dimensões históricas, sociais e científicas dos programas de vacinação no Brasil, com ênfase na imunização infantil. O percurso traçado inicia-se no século XIX, período marcado pela urbanização acelerada e pela necessidade de controlar doenças infecciosas, o que impulsionou a implementação d...

La saga Monster Hunter utiliza una retórica ecologista y medical para justificar la caza. Esta se analizará dentro del marco de la biopolítica desarrollada por Foucault: la caza es una forma de gestión de los vivientes. La caza en Monster Hunter no es solo una forma de dominio sino una manera de cuidar de la naturaleza. La caza es una técnica utili...

Background: Immunization is a vital public health strategy to protect children from infectious diseases, achieved through the administration of vaccines. India's universal immunization program (UIP) provides free vaccines against 11 life-threatening diseases for children under the age of five. Despite its importance, immunization coverage in many a...

Efforts to maintain the health of infants and children should be aimed at preparing the next generation to be healthy, intelligent, and qualified and to reduce infant and child mortality. The provision of basic immunization is useful to provide comprehensive protection against dangerous diseases. Immunization is one way to prevent infectious diseas...

Background: The longest-lasting decline in childhood vaccination rates in a generation is seen during COVID-19 Pandemic in India. The study aims to analyze the overall scenario of Immunization coverage of 12-23 months children in Sonitpur under sub-centers of Besseria State Dispensary under Bihuguri BPHC during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: All the c...

Believing conspiracy narratives is frequently assumed to be a major cause of vaccine hesitancy, i.e., the tendency to forgo vaccination despite its availability. In this scoping review, we synthesise and critically evaluate studies that assess i) the occurrence of vaccine-related conspiracy narratives on the internet, ii) the prevalence of belief i...

Human rights are a key component of human dignity and fulfilment. Yet, the exercise of certain people’s rights can interfere with other individuals’ rights, and the state has a responsibility to protect all of its citizens. When various rights are at odds, which ones should be privileged? This article asks about the intersections of parents’ religi...

Maintenance of cold chain is integral for vaccine potency maintenance. Most vaccines are temperature-sensitive, hence cold chain maintenance is essential. Cold chain is crucial to keep the potency of vaccines. Improper vaccine storage and handling affect the quality of administered vaccines as lost potency of vaccines cannot be replaced. Nurses mus...

Introduction: Local people's knowledge influences healthcare service utilisation, but the literature on people's knowledge-seeking and sharing about different health services across social networks is patchy and not well integrated. This scoping review was undertaken to map how different studies report health service (healthcare)-related knowledge-...

O artigo tem por objetivo analisar a relação entre a cobertura vacinal da vacina MeningoC e os casos confirmados de meningite em Maceió – AL, no período de 2018 a 2022, em crianças de até 9 anos de idade. Trata-se de uma pesquisa ecológica de cunho transversal, caracterizando-se por uma abordagem descritiva de natureza quantitativa, sendo feita uma...

As vacinas representam um dos maiores avanços para a saúde pública mundial e têm promovido o controle de diversas doenças, em muitos países do mundo, como no caso da poliomielite. Apesar disso, nos últimos anos, tem sido observado um aumento significativo na postura de descrença em relação ao processo de imunização, tendo como um dos possíveis fato...

Background: Immunization saves millions of lives, and globally, vaccines have significantly contributed to reducing mortality and morbidity due to more than 20 life-threatening illnesses. However, there are considerable disparities in vaccination coverage among countries and within populations. This study evaluates the reduction in disparities in v...

Introduction: Lidocaine–prilocaine cream effectively reduces vaccination pain, improving vaccination adherence and advocating for its routine use in healthcare settings. Methods: This review used PRISMA guidelines and the PICOT format to structure the analysis. The focus was on paediatric patients aged 0–12 months requiring intramuscular vaccinatio...

Vaccination is one of the most successful and cost-effective interventions designed by science which has helped in preventing millions of deaths, especially in children. The Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) was established by World Health Organization (WHO) in 1974 to develop immunization programmes throughout the world with polio, measles,...

The recent resurgence of mpox highlights the urgent need for rethinking vaccination strategies globally, underscored by the painful memories of past public health crises where delayed responses and inequitable vaccine distribution exacerbated the spread of infectious diseases. The inaugural APIC-ADVA Asia Pacific Summit on Infectious Diseases and I...

O presente trabalho traz como proposta de análise a luta por acesso à saúde dos povos indígenas em retomada no Maranhão, durante a pandemia da Covid-19, especialmente o contexto da vacinação dos Akroá Gamella, Anapuru Muypurá, Kariú-Kariri, Tremembé da Raposa, Tremembé do Engenho e Tupinambá, no ano de 2021. Diante de todo o histórico de desterrito...

In 2023, recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) replaced zoster vaccine live (ZVL) vaccine in the UK National Immunisation Programme (NIP) for prevention of herpes zoster (HZ). The vaccination age was reduced from 70 to 65 years, with a subsequent planned reduction to 60 years. This modelling study aimed to evaluate the public health impact (PHI) of RZV...

Background The incomplete immunization has potentially exposed vulnerable children, especially from the socioeconomically disadvantage group, to vaccine preventable diseases. The schemes would maximize social benefit only when the immunization is effectively distributed on an equitable principle. Method The empirical study is based on unit level d...

Current image immunization defense techniques against diffusion-based editing embed imperceptible noise in target images to disrupt editing models. However, these methods face scalability challenges, as they require time-consuming re-optimization for each image-taking hours for small batches. To address these challenges, we introduce DiffVax, a sca...

Background/Objectives: Full immunization coverage in Pakistan remains suboptimal at 66%. An in-depth assessment is needed to understand the long-term trends in immunization and identify the extent of defaulters and associated risk factors of them being left uncovered by the immunization system. Methods: We conducted a 5-year analysis using the Gove...

Vaccination timeliness is often not considered among standard performance indicators of routine vaccination programmes, such as vaccination coverage, yet quantifying vaccination delay could inform policies to promote in-time vaccination and help design vaccination schedules. Here, we analysed vaccination timeliness for 24 routine childhood immunisa...

En nuestro país, se recomendó el uso de la vacuna Pfizer/BioNTech en niños/as de 5 y 11 años desde diciembre/2021, en dos dosis separadas por seis semanas. Es necesario una mayor valoración de la vacuna debido a su rápido proceso de aprobación.El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la ocurrencia de eventos supuestamente atribuibles a la vacunación...

Este trabalho descreve a experiência do Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL) na implantação de ensaios de PCR em tempo real (qPCR) in house aplicados ao diagnóstico de meningites bacterianas (MB) causadas por Neisseria meningitidis (Nm), Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) e Haemophilus influenzae (Hi). São apresentadas estratégias para o aprimoramento dos ensai...

Key Messages •Given the similarities the family planning (FP) and immunization fields share, we recommend that the FP community consider adopting vaccine hesitancy lessons to take a promising new measurement, investigation, and programming direction. •Specifically, building from the 5C scale for measuring vaccine hesitancy—with its components of...

Background/Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has revolutionized vaccine production and compelled a massive global vaccination campaign. This study aimed to estimate the positivity and levels of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies acquired due to vaccination and infection in the academic population of a Portuguese university. Methods: Blood samples were colle...

The "natural" religion of Islam, as a way of life, has a comprehensive plan for immunizing human behavior against perversion and sex-related problems. This research aims to reach an Islamic model of safe and improved sexual behavior which is immune to sexual perversions, problems and disorders. The research method is descriptive-analytical involvin...

Objective: Acute infectious diseases such as pneumonia can be brought on by bacteria, viruses, or fungi and harm the lung parenchyma. It continues to be the world's top cause of death for children under five. Immunizations, a balanced diet, and a reduction in environmental stressors can all help with prevention. Early discovery, appropriate care, a...

Introduction: Immunization is the most cost-effective health intervention in the history of mankind. Its role in reducing the morbidities and mortality due to vaccine-preventable diseases is significant. Despite vaccines being important in saving lives; adverse events following immunization (AEFI) do occur that need prompt detection, management, an...

Este relato, em comemoração aos 20 anos do Boletim Epidemiológico Paulista – BEPA, apresenta descrição das legislações estaduais que formalizaram os calendários de vacinações para o estado de São Paulo, obtidas em acervo do Diário Oficial do Estado (DOE) de São Paulo. A primeira publicação ocorreu em 1968, cujo exemplar encontra-se na Divisão de Im...

RESUMO Objetivo: Construir, validar e avaliar um vídeo educativo sobre a vacinação na infância para pais e responsáveis. Método: Estudo metodológico em três fases. Na pré-produção realizou-se: roteiro, storyboard, recrutamento e validação pelos experts. Na produção, realizou-se: o vídeo e a validação pelos experts e pelo público-alvo. Na pós-produç...

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most poorly prognostic digestive tract malignancies. CLDN18.2 CAR-T therapy has recently shown promising clinical effects in PDAC. Radiotherapy, a traditional treatment, can induce systemic immune activation and abscopal effects. However, the synergistic effect and mechanism of their combination...

Ветряная оспа – высококонтагиозное вирусное заболевание. В 2024 году Армения планирует включить вакцину против ветряной оспы в Национальный календарь иммунизации. Целью данного исследования было оценить знания, отношение и личные убеждения медицинских работников по поводу инфекции ветряной оспы и вакцинации, чтобы предоставить информацию об изменен...

Objective To develop and validate indicators for the evaluation of computerized systems in vaccination rooms. Methods Methodological study. From the construction of a logical model for managing information produced in computerized systems in vaccination rooms, an evaluation indicator matrix was developed, and its contents were validated by special...

Background and Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on global health, with serious outcomes, such as lung damage, being major determinants of patient morbidity and mortality. Immunization has been essential in attenuating these outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on disease severity, p...

Objective To develop and validate indicators for the evaluation of computerized systems in vaccination rooms. Methods Methodological study. From the construction of a logical model for managing information produced in computerized systems in vaccination rooms, an evaluation indicator matrix was developed, and its contents were validated by special...

As mortes infantis por causas evitáveis são definidas como aquelas passíveis de redução mediante intervenções eficazes dos serviços de saúde. Elas são consideradas eventos sentinelas, que refletem a qualidade da assistência prestada, sendo sua ocorrência um indicativo de possíveis falhas nos cuidados de saúde oferecidos. Nesse contexto, o presente...

Background A national Oral Cholera Vaccine (OCV) Euvichol-Plus® campaign was launched in Lebanon, in response to the first outbreak in three decades, recorded in October 2022. The OCV vaccination campaign was carried out between November 2022 and February 2023. This study aims to cover adverse events reports, received at the Lebanese National Pharm...

Background In response to the 2019 Polio outbreak in the Philippines, it is crucial to examine the current understanding and beliefs about the disease. This study assessed the knowledge and attitudes of mothers towards Polio and Polio vaccination in a rural community. Materials and Methods Sixty-two mothers in a selected rural barangay in Negros O...

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a widespread viral pathogen, responsible for a significant burden of cervical and other cancers worldwide. Over the past decades, the development and widespread adoption of prophylactic HPV vaccines have dramatically reduced the incidence of HPV-related diseases. However, despite the efficacy of these vaccines, global...

OBJETIVO: O estudo tem como alvo descrever como os chatbots têm sido utilizados como estratégia de educação em saúde na redução da hesitação vacinal. MÉTODO: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática das bases de dados ACM, IEEE, Scielo, Periódico Capes, BVS, PUBMED nos últimos 5 anos com os descritores: imunização ou vacinação, hesitação vacinal e educa...

Las vacunas anti-Virus Papiloma Humano (VPH) constituyen hoy en día la principal herramienta para el control del cáncer de cuello uterino, ya que previenen la infección de este virus, identificado como el agente etiológico de esta patología. El Programa Nacional de Inmunizaciones ha incorporado, a partir del presente año, la vacuna nonavalente anti...

Caprine livestock are significant reservoirs of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), contributing to tuberculosis (TB) transmission among animals and humans. The P22 protein immunocomplex (P22PI), derived from bovine tuberculin, shows immunostimulating capacity and is used for TB diagnosis. This study assessed the immunogenicity and prote...

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a vaccine-preventable viral infection that poses significant public health challenges, particularly in regions where tick-borne diseases are endemic. This case report describes a 2-year-old boy with confirmed abortive TBEV infection following a tick bite during travel to Switzerland. The patient developed fever and...

A Neisseria meningitidis é um patógeno que causa grande impacto na saúde pública. O sorogrupo B representa um desafio em relação ao desenvolvimento de vacinas devido à similaridade estrutural de seu polissacarídeo capsular com o ácido polisiálico presente no tecido cerebral humano, que além de apresentar baixa imunogenicidade, pode causar efeitos a...

A BSTRACT Background This study aims to address the lack of substantial evidence regarding the effect of COVID-19 on maternal and child health (MCH) services in India and also highlight the role of primary care physicians in maintaining essential services during a pandemic. While studies conducted worldwide and in India have examined the effects o...

Introducción: Streptococcus grupo A es el principal patógeno responsable de las faringitis bacterianas, además de asociarse a infecciones invasoras, principalmente causadas por el genotipo M1T1. Sin embargo, se ha comenzado a reportar un aumento de las formas graves de enfermedad por Streptococcus grupo A identificándose como responsable una nueva...

Objective To estimate the effectiveness of vaccination with a monovalent covid-19 mRNA vaccine containing the omicron XBB.1.5 subvariant against severe covid-19 disease in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden. Design Target trial emulation based on registry data. Setting Denmark, Finland, and Sweden, 1 October 2023 to 21 April 2024. Participants Source...

The increasing global spread of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A/H5 viruses poses a serious public health threat. Circulating clade 2.3.4.4b viruses have demonstrated rapid transcontinental dissemination, extensive reassortment, epizootic spread and potential sustained mammal-to-mammal transmission, signifying a heightened risk of bec...

Background/Objectives: Adolescence represents a period of heightened vulnerability to risky sexual behaviours. In Portugal, adolescents are initiating sexual activity at increasingly younger ages, making it relevant to characterise their knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases and prevention methods at an earlier stage of their development. M...

A hepatite B é uma doença infecciosa que afeta o fígado, causada pelo vírus da hepatite B (VHB), transmitido principalmente pelo contato com sangue e fluidos corporais, via sexual ou de mãe para filho durante o parto. O estudo teve como objetivo investigar a prevalência de imunização e soroconversão para o VHB entre profissionais que atuam em um ho...

Abstract Background: The nutritional and immunization status of children under five are crucial factors in shaping the future health of India. This study aims to examine the immunization and nutritional status of children under five in India, with a focus on understanding the key challenges and areas for improvement. Method: The study utilizes data...

El presente análisis científico se enfoca en cómo las percepciones de los padres respecto a los programas de vacunación infantil y las campañas informativas afectan su nivel de conocimiento, actitudes y fuentes de información sobre las vacunas. La inmunización ha demostrado ser una herramienta crucial en la prevención de enfermedades, no solo a niv...

A vacinação é uma forma de prevenção por meio da introdução de agentes imunizantes no organismo, com o intuito de fortalecer o sistema imunológico e evitar a infecções por doenças imunopreveníveis. O objetivo do presente estudo foi elencar fatores que levam a recusa e a hesitação dos pais em vacinar seus filhos. Trata-se de um estudo observacional,...

Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects the population unequally, with a greater impact on older and immunosuppressed people. Methods Hence, we performed a prospective experimental cohort study to characterise the effect of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination in immune-compromised patients (old...

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic underscores the urgent need for effective vaccination strategies to mitigate disease burden. The development of neutralizing antibodies is a critical indicator of host defence mechanisms against life-threatening infectious diseases, such as those caused by SARS-CoV-2. Understanding the fundamental biological mechanisms...

Introduction Many National Immunisation Programmes attempt to leverage the private sector ; however, there is limited consolidated and synthesised documentation on good practices, gaps and lessons learnt. A 2017 WHO guidance document recommended best practices for private sector engagement (PSE) in immunisation. We conducted a pragmatic scoping rev...

A pesquisa abordou o impacto da atuação do farmacêutico na melhoria da adesão à imunização, considerando a importância das vacinas na prevenção de doenças e os desafios enfrentados pelas campanhas de vacinação no Brasil. O objetivo geral foi investigar como a valorização e intensificação do papel dos farmacêuticos podem contribuir para aumentar a a...

La presente investigación correlacional explicativa, se realizó en el Centro Materno – Infantil del distrito de Curgos, provincia Sánchez Carrión, en Perú; con el objetivo de determinar y explicar la relación que existe entre el conocimiento sobre inmunizaciones y el cumplimiento del calendario de vacunación en madres de lactantes menores. La pobla...

Acinetobacter baumannii, a common nosocomial pathogen, is known for its rapid acquisition of antimicrobial resistance, underscoring the urgent need to develop an effective vaccine against this pathogen. Outer membrane protein 22 (Omp22) regulates the biogenesis of outer membrane vesicles to transport virulence-promoting factors into the host cells...

Complex contextual factors hinder the optimal delivery of recommended vaccines to target populations in the World Health Organization (WHO) African Region. As a consequence, vaccination coverage for multiple antigens continues to fall short of the recommended benchmark for herd immunity across countries. This is precipitating frequent outbreaks of...