Immune Response - Science topic

To enable in vitro investigation of human skin immunology, this study develops a microfluidic human skin equivalent (HSE) that supports the delivery of circulating immune cells via a vascular microchannel embedded within the dermis of a full‐thickness construct. Within this platform, activation of keratinocyte inflammation promotes monocyte migrati...

Myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion (IR) injury is a critical complication following revascularization therapy for ischemic heart disease. Itaconate, a macrophage‐derived metabolite, has been implicated in inflammation and metabolic regulation. This study investigates the protective role of itaconate derivatives against IR injury. Using a mice model of...

Vaccines represent an essential tool for the prevention of infectious diseases. Upon administration, a complex interaction occurs between the vaccine formulation and the recipient's immune system, ultimately resulting in protection against disease. Significant variability exists in individual and population responses to vaccination, and these diffe...

This research was carried out to determine the effects of potassium humate on the lactation performance and metabolic parameters of dairy cows during the transition period. Potassium humate was added to the concentrate feed at the following levels: (a) control (0%), (b) 0.5%, (c) 1%, (d) 1.5%, and (e) 2% humas, during the dry period from −60 to 0 d...

The circadian clock is an internal timekeeper system that regulates biological processes through a central circadian clock and peripheral clocks controlling various genes. Basic helix–loop–helix ARNT-like 1 (BMAL1), also known as aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1 (ARNTL1), is a key component of the circadian clock. The d...

Current understanding of viral dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 and host responses driving the pathogenic mechanisms in COVID-19 is rapidly evolving. Here, we conducted a longitudinal study to investigate gene expression patterns during acute SARS-CoV-2 illness. Cases included SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals with extremely high viral loads early in their ill...

Streptococcus pneumoniae (SPN) is a significant pathogen causing pneumonia and meningitis, particularly in vulnerable populations like children and the elderly. Available pneumonia vaccines have limitations since they only cover particular serotypes and have high production costs. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant SPN strains further underscore...

The dynamic interactions between tumor endothelial cells (TECs) and the immune microenvironment play a critical role in the progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In general, endothelial cells exhibit diverse immunomodulatory properties, influencing immune cell recruitment, antigen presentation, and regulation of immune checkpoint expre...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a long-term autoinflammatory condition causing joint damage and deformities, involves a multifaceted pathogenesis with genetic, epigenetic, and immune factors, including early immune aging. However, its precise cause remains elusive. Cellular senescence, a hallmark of aging marked by a permanent halt in cell division due...

SARS-CoV-2 continues to be a major global health threat. In this study, we performed a comprehensive meta-analysis on the epitopes of SARS-CoV-2, revealing its immunological landscape. Furthermore, using Shannon entropy for sequence conservation analysis and structural network-based methods identified candidate epitopes that are highly conserved an...

AbstractIntroduction. In the treatment of autoimmune diseases, which exa-cerbate the inflammatory response, immunomodulatory drugs have revolutionized the treatment and control of various pathologies. Un-derstanding the benefit-risk profile of these therapeutic agents allows us to find an appropriate therapeutic response in each patient.KEY WORDSCy...

Fractionated radiotherapy (FRT), typically delivering low‐dose radiation of 2 Gy per fraction, has been used as the main clinical treatment regimen for various tumors. However, its therapeutic efficacy is severely hindered by inadequate pro‐immunogenic effect and ionizing radiation‐induced immunosuppression. Herein, a peptide nanoregulator (SPER‐NO...

Background/objectives: Mycosis fungoides (MF) is a rare malignancy, with an indolent course in the early stages of the disease. However, due to major molecular and clinical heterogeneity, patients at an advanced stage of the disease have variable responses to treatment and considerably reduced life expectancy. Today, there is a lack of specific mar...

Background: Although mRNA vaccines encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have demonstrated a safety profile with minimal serious adverse events in clinical trials, there is opportunity to further reduce mRNA reactogenicity. The development of naked mRNA vaccines could improve vaccine tolerability. Naked nucleic acid delivery using the jet inje...

Background: In the past decade, immunotherapy has become a major choice for the treatment of lung cancer, yet its therapeutic efficacy is still relatively limited due to the various immune escape mechanisms of tumors. Based on this, we introduce Neo-BCV, a novel bacterial composite vaccine designed to enhance immune responses against lung cancer. M...

Effective cancer therapies must address the tumor microenvironment (TME), a complex network of tumor cells and stromal components, including endothelial, immune, and mesenchymal cells. Durable outcomes require targeting both tumor cells and the TME while minimizing systemic toxicity. Interleukin-2 (IL-2)-based therapies have shown efficacy in cance...

Aeromonas species are among the main pathogens causing rainbow trout infections. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial properties and are usually produced by various green-synthesis methods. However, the application of commercialized AgNPs has not fully been clarified. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate...

Introduction Cystic echinococcosis (CE), a chronic disabling parasitic zoonosis, poses a great threat to public health and livestock production and causes huge economic losses globally. The commercial Quil-A-adjuvanted Eg95 vaccine was empirically effective for CE control; however, it is expensive and has side effects and insufficient immunity. Pu...

The article titled "Immunoglobulins and Its Applications" provides a comprehensive overview of the structure, function, and therapeutic significance of immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies. These vital proteins, produced by plasma cells in response to immunogens, are essential components of the immune system, playing a critical role in recogni...

This research aimed to identify novel indicators for sepsis by analyzing RNA sequencing data from peripheral blood samples obtained from sepsis patients (n = 23) and healthy controls (n = 10). 5148 differentially expressed genes were identified using the DESeq2 technique and 5636 differentially expressed genes were identified by the limma method(|L...

Background: Influenza viruses with truncated NS1 proteins show promise as viral vectors and candidates for mucosal universal influenza vaccines. These mutant NS1 viruses, which lack the N-terminal half of the NS1 protein (124 a.a.), are unable to antagonise the innate immune response. This creates a self-adjuvant effect enhancing heterologous prote...

Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest. Ketamine has been widely used to treat MDD owing to its rapid effect in relieving depressive symptoms. Importantly, not all patients respond to ketamine treatment. Identifying sub-populations who will benefit from ketamine, as well as...

Introduction The envelope proteins syncytin-1 and pHERV-W from the Human Endogenous Retroviral family ‘W’ (HERV-W) have been identified as potential risk factors in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aims to evaluate both humoral and cell-mediated immune response to antigenic peptides derived from these proteins across different clinical forms and...

The vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-vectored African swine fever virus (ASFV) vaccine can induce efficient immune response, but the potential mechanism remains unsolved. In order to investigate the efficacy of recombinant viruses (VSV-p35, VSV-p72)-mediated dendritic cells (DCs) maturation and the mechanism of inducing T-cell immune response, the...

Background Amyloid, Tau and neurodegeneration (ATN), the hallmark pathologies of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) translating to measurable biomarkers are important for disease modifying therapeutics. Method AD Digital‐Twins were built using AITIA’s patented A.I. platform REFSTM [aitiabio.com], based on a Bayesian network model of ADNI data which reverse‐...

RNA-seq technology has been widely used for the characterization of the transcriptome profile induced by several diseases in both humans and animals. In the present study, RNA-seq was used to identify the differential expression of genes associated with the immune response in cattle infected with two different strains of Babesia bigemina, both deri...

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are essential components of innate immunity, maintaining the functionality of immune systems that control virus infection. However, how lncRNAs engage immune responses during influenza A virus (IAV) infection remains unclear. Here, we show that lncRNA USP30-AS1 is up-regulated by infection of multiple different IAV su...

Tumors can exert a far-reaching influence on the body, triggering systemic responses that contribute to debilitating conditions like cancer cachexia. To characterize the mechanisms underlying tumor-host interactions, we utilized a BioID-based proximity labeling method to identify proteins secreted by Ykiact adult Drosophila gut tumors into the bloo...

Vaccines are widely regarded as one of the most effective strategies for combating infectious diseases. However, significant challenges remain, such as insufficient antibody levels, limited protection against rapidly evolving variants, and poor immune durability, particularly in subunit vaccines, likely due to their short in vivo exposure. Recent a...

For decades, tissue banks have sought to pro. vide surgeons with a safe, effective, and predictable alternative to the use of bone auto-graft. The advantages of such an altemative are well known to include the lack of donor site morbidity, decreased operative time, and the ability to utilize specimens not ordinarily available as autografu. Children...

Numerous studies of the human brain supported by experimental results from rodent and cell models point to a central role for intracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) in the onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In a rat model used to study AD, it was recently shown that in layer II neurons of the anteriolateral entorhinal cortex expressing high levels of the...

RNA modifications play crucial roles in immune system development and function, with dynamic changes essential for diverse cellular processes. Innovative profiling technologies are invaluable for understanding the significance of these modifications in immune cells, both in healthy and diseased states. This review explores the utility of such techn...

Bone marrow edema (BME), a notable manifestation during the progression of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), exhibits significant associations with femoral head collapse, pain, and prognosis, howeverits’ pathogenesis remains underexplored. In this study, specimens from patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) were analyzed. The resu...

Maternal vaccination is essential for safeguarding both mother and foetus from infectious diseases. This study investigated the immunogenicity and efficacy of a maternal ORF‐ B2L genetic vaccine in a pregnant rat model, focusing on maternal–neonatal immune modulation, placental and neonatal spleen transcriptomics and the underlying mechanisms contr...

Purpose Individuals in occupational environments are particularly susceptible to the impacts of pollutants; making it crucial to assess systemic inflammation markers. The study aimed to evaluate the immune response to inflammation through the assessment of a cytokine profile in individuals working in vulnerable conditions exposed to heavy metals....

Gamma secretase inhibitors (GSIs), for Alzheimer's disease treatment, have been repurposed as anticancer agents because they inhibit receptor cleavage. Preclinical studies suggested that GSIs effectively promote the differentiation and apoptosis of cancer stem-like cells while obstructing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and increasing sensitiv...

Immune responses against tumor antigens play a role in confining tumor growth. In response, cancer cells developed several mechanisms to bypass or defeat these anti-tumor immune responses—collectively referred to as "tumor immune evasion". Recent studies have shown that a group of non-coding RNAs, namely circRNAs affect several aspects of tumor imm...

Background: The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is intricately linked to a range of human malignancies, with EBV latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A) emerging as a potential target antigen for immunotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods: The modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is universally used in vector vacci...

The role of chromatin biology and epigenetics in disease progression is gaining increasing recognition. Genes that escape X chromosome inactivation (XCI) can impact neuroinflammation through epigenetic mechanisms. Our previous study has suggested that the X escapee genes Kdm6a and Kdm5c are involved in microglial activation after stroke in aged mic...

Purpose: In athletes, caloric restriction (CR) improves physiological mechanisms, although its effects on professional soccer players are unclear. This study aims to evaluate the effects of CR on physical performance, fatigue, and inflammation in male professional soccer players compared with a no-restriction diet. Methods: This was a controlled, r...

Introduction: We sought to evaluate the effects of a 12-week pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) program on lung function, mechanics, as well as pulmonary and systemic inflammation in a cohort of 33 individuals with moderate to severe post-COVID-19. Material and Methods: The pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) program employed a combination of aerobic and resi...

Exposure to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) culminates in heterogeneous outcomes, including variation in Mtb antigen-specific interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) T-cell responses. IFN-γ-independent cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL-2), offer potential diagnostic improvements and insights into pathogenesis. We hypothesized that...

Grapevine is an important economic fruit tree worldwide, but grape production has been plagued by a vast number of fungal diseases, which affect tree vigor and the quality and yield of berries. To seek remedies for such issues, researchers have always been committed to conventional and biotechnological breeding. In recent years, increasing progress...

Un desequilibrio entre la biopelícula de la placa y el sistema inmunológico del huésped da como resultado la sobreexpresión de una serie de interleucinas proinflamatorias, la propagación de la inflamación a través de los tejidos gingivales que conduce a la destrucción del tejido conectivo y la posterior destrucción del hueso alveolar. Las enfermeda...

Neuropeptides, as key messengers with extensive and complex functions, play vital roles in the neuro-immune systems. PRQFVamide-related peptide (PRQFVRP) has been found in the mollusks, but few studies have been reported about the immunomodulatory function of PRQFVRP. In this study, an intensive positive signal of PRQFVRP was detected in the column...

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium is a gram-negative bacterium that can infect various hosts. Salmonella serovar Typhimurium (ST) infection in adult poultry usually results in an asymptomatic intestinal carriage, while the infection in newly hatched chicks may lead to a severe clinical disease. Macrophages play an essential ro...

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) was first reported in 2003 and confirmed to be strongly associated with familial hypercholesterolemia. Small-molecule inhibitors targeting PCSK9 provide an effective and safe method for managing hypercholesterolemia and reducing the cardiovascular risk. In recent years, increasing evidence has i...

The article titled "Immunoglobulins and Its Applications" provides a comprehensive overview of the structure, function, and therapeutic significance of immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies. These vital proteins, produced by plasma cells in response to immunogens, are essential components of the immune system, playing a critical role in recogni...

Sick animals generally behave differently than healthy individuals by, for example, being less active and exploratory. How an individual responds to illness is also likely to be mediated by the individual’s age because age will dictate the individual’s ability to fight a challenge. To date, empirical research on sickness behaviour has focused on th...

Purpose To investigate the efficacy of cryoblation plus PD-1 inhibitor in the treatment of mouse lung cancer, and its possible mechanism on regulating cellular immune function. Materials and Methods Murine lung cancer xenograft model was constructed. Mice were randomly divided into Control, Cryo + IgG, Anti-PD-1, and Cryo + Anti-PD-1 group, and giv...

Particularly in tropical and subtropical areas, dengue fever is a fast-expanding worldwide health concern with major hazards from severe forms including dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. With an eye toward processes including antibody-dependent enhancement, T-cell dysregulation, and the cytokine storm-all of which are vital in the...

Background Prostate cancer is the most common diagnosed tumor and the fifth cancer related death among men in Europe. Although several genetic alterations such as ERG-TMPRSS2 fusion, MYC amplification, PTEN deletion and mutations in p53 and BRCA2 genes play a key role in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer, specific gene alteration signature that c...

The switch/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complexes (also referred to as BAF complexes) are composed of multiple subunits, which regulate the nucleosome translocation and chromatin accessibility. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in understanding mutated genes encoding subunits of the SWI/SNF complexes...

This paper investigates the global dynamics and bifurcation structure of a viral infection logistic model with delayed nonlinear CTL response and periodic immune response. It is proved that the basic reproduction numbers, $R_{0}$ and $R_{1}$, determine the outcome of viral infection. Besides changes in the amplititude of lytic component, we show, v...

Introduction: Coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) is a severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by a new coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2. Rapid and effective transmission led to its global spread, with the World Health Organization declaring it a pandemic on March 11, 2020. In spite of the little and recent information on this new disease, it was a race agai...

Foram utilizados 210 leitões castrados e fêmeas, híbridos comerciais, desmamados aos 28 dias de idade com peso inicial de 8,47 ± 1,24 kg, alimentados com dietas contendo metabólito ativo da vitamina D3 (25-hidroxicolecalciferol (25(OH)D3) e níveis decrescentes de cálcio e/ou de cálcio e fósforo digestível nas rações, com o objetivo de avaliar o des...

Evaluation of skin inflammation biomarkers in canine atopic dermatitis (AD) currently requires skin biopsies. Tape stripping has been shown to be a reliable technique to study biomarkers in the stratum corneum (SC) in humans. The aim of this study was to assess the immune response and identify biomarkers in the SC of dogs with canine AD using D-squ...