Identity - Science topic

Javad, i concur. the space between sine 666 and cosine 216... double-vortex is key, notes are extraneous, commentary optional

Journal of second language writing. English for academic purpose, Journal of language, identity and education and so many others. They are in hundreds

Dear all Scholars: Salam. Identity refers to mental storm and humanism norm where there is all who are human being. This is the greatest identity. The person who covers all human beings are equal, they never think about apartheid or racism or cultism. The people of the world are introduced as the super powers, economic power, language power and religious power. The subcontinent of Indian mainly thinks about identity. As a Bengali, I denounce the cultism. I prefer all kinds of people of the world.

Various theories have been proposed to understand and explain the nature of consciousness and how it arises from the brain's physical processes.

It's important to note that none of these theories currently explain consciousness fully and satisfactorily. This issue is often called the "hard problem" of consciousness, a term coined by philosopher David Chalmers. It refers to the challenge of explaining why and how we have qualitative subjective experiences, or 'what it is like' aspects of consciousness.

Understanding the nature of consciousness and its relationship to the brain remains one of the most intriguing challenges in neuroscience, cognitive science, and the philosophy of mind. As our scientific and philosophical tools evolve, we may gradually uncover more pieces of this fascinating puzzle.

Askar Mambetaliev shows, that issue is more complicated:)

the answer should distinguish among what had been left of Western Roman Empire, Byzantium and the Far East /India, China/, as well as between the Middle Ages and the present. For example, individualism is a matter of the 19th and 20th centuries and seems to be wide spread.

I offer one on my articles which addresses in part the levels of deconstruction of a collective of a peoples. I served in the US Military for four years in Vietnam and witnessed our deconstruction of the North Vietnamese. More citizens are killed than military combatants on both sides combined.

Rich

If one builds pairwise alignments for a large subset of randomly selected cDNA sequences, it will be obvious that % nucleotide identity values between 49 and 55 come just by chance. Thus, there is no need to refer to 50% as "low", contrary to my reply above. 50% is rather a baseline that has nothing to do with true homology. In fact, it is rather difficult to find alignments with values below 49% in a random sample of alignments. Sometimes, if only an end of one sequence is involved in the alignment, much higher % identity values (up to 60 or more) can be found in the sample of random alignments. Thus, % identity alone cannot serve as a reliable indicator of homology when it comes to nucleotide alignments unless the values are really large. However, values as low as 57% nucleotide identity can be associated with true homology. These conclusions were made based on the Geneious alignment tool run on plant transcripts (Medicago truncatula).

Hi, I am working on the same topic, I will be glad to share my collected reseach...jim sullivan

dmresults2@gmail.com good luck to you.

Thanks, Kamil Janowicz ! That's a good reason to do this kind of research. I'm looking forward to see your study!

Theo

Teacher identity has evolved from a core, inner, fixed, linear construct to a dynamic, multifaceted, context-dependent, dialogical, and intrinsically related phenomenon.

You may read the following article for more details:

- Reza Pishghadam, Jawad Golzar and Mir Abdullah Miri (2022) A New Conceptual Framework for Teacher Identity Development, Front. Psychol., https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.876395

Would you please send me a copy of the book.

Thank you so much.

Zied

You would usually split it to below 3.5 or above 3.5 but it is better to see the normal distribution of the answer from previous studies and make an educated decision

thanks for the great information. where does it take place?

Dear colleaque your subject is intarested one nowadays,the original essays on the metaphysics of time ,identity and self written by distinguished scholars and important rising the philosophers ,the concepts of time illustrated in the attached ref.

https://mitpress.mit.edu>books >ti

Google Books originally 2010 by Michael O'Rourke

Usually "ensemble" means "configurational ensemble," i.e., a collection of structures of a single system, with the structures differing only in atomic coordinates. But technically, yes, one can make an ensemble of different systems and dock into them -- if the structures (and pharmacophore features) align well . . .

Your research project is interesting and valuable, but the main problem is that we don't have any more free access to Myanmar. I used to study the Portuguese 16th-17th century presence in Arakan, but nowadays, access to the country is blocked, and some of my former students have been arrested. Researching a persecuted minority without accessing its territory and society is challenging. What are your suggestions?

One way is to go through the schools. A common approach is to reach out to the superintendent of the district with your IRB approval, summary of study, and that you are seeking support/permission. Once granted, you would then reach out to individual principals of schools in those districts to get their support. At that point, you provide the students at the school where you have support an informed consent and permission letter to take home for parents. If the parent consents, you may even schedule a call to address any questions or concerns they might have. Once you have consent, you then can proceed. Good luck.

Perhaps it is interesting, in this context, what national identity means, because this is one of the most relevant forms of identity for many people. In this regard, I would like to draw attention to the definition of John Keane, who defined national identity in ideal-typical terms, as follows: ”a particular form of collective identity in which, despite their routine lack or physical contact, people consider themselves bound together because they speak a language or a dialect of a common language; inhabitor are closely familiar with a defined territory, and experience its ecosystem with some affection; and because they share a variety of customs, including a measure of memories of the historical past, which is consequently experienced in the present tense as pride in the nation’s achievements and, where necessary, an obligation to feel ashamed of the nation’s failings” (Keane, John: Nations, Nationalism and European Citizens. In Periwal, Sukumar (Ed.): Notions of Nationalism. Budapest, London, New York: Central European UP, 1995, pp.182-207, the quote above from the page186).

I will encourage you to apply interpretive approach.

Self-efficacy or efficacy expectation is defined as “the conviction that one can success- fully execute the behavior required to produce the outcomes” (Yo can also see Bandura, 1977, p. 193).

I doubt there is anyone answer to this issue.technological advances have occurred since the Paleolithic and the question has always been one of how it will be used. A rock can be used to crack nuts or the head of a stranger.

Technological advances hold great promise for bettering the human condition, but our record with technology thus far is not encouraging. Climate change is here and real, and could not have happened in the early Neolithic.

I am an oldster and doubt I have a place in technology's ascendance. All I can do with the perspective of many years is to council caution and careful monitoring.

this research is not my field of science. so I can't answer the question

Dear Jackson

Some most current security related research topics on cloud-based identity & access management system are as follows:

Privacy preserving identity and access management scheme in cloud

A privacy-preserving blockchain framework for educational data

Some papers suggestions on most current topics that deals with security issues:

Regards

Manish Verma

Thanks Keith Brownlee. Yes, it is helpful. What I like about this paper is its focus on social identity in different contexts and group situations. As far as I’m concerned, this allows for a bit more analytic variety, but without deviating too much from more traditional social identity perspectives. That said, I still feel that social identity theory and the notions of ingroup and outgroup are a bit restrictive for my own research. Hence, I developed a simple internal–external distinction, which merely suggests that some represent an internal perspective, which indicates that some individuals or a group possess epistemic privilege (e.g., have access to their own experiences and thoughts: Keith Brownlee has direct experience of what it is like to be a university lecturer), and some represent an external perspective, whose standpoint can only be observational, analytic or based on others’ thoughts and experiences. Both perspectives may be heterogeneous (e.g., just because we both [Keith and Julius] share the identity of being university lecturers, doesn’t mean that we share the same professional experience, ideas about academia or any allegiance).

Nowadays computers solve any equations in seconds because they can carry out trillions of calculations per second.

You can use blocked matrices with identity matrices as elements

As a clinician over 5 decades, I offer my observations. Sociology offers that we exhibit a public and private personnas. And we look for congruence or congruence. I suggest a third sub-type of split object representation, cyber-self.

I see personality as the more consistent aspect over time how we think, feel and act.

For me personality is dynamically formed via many inputs from others. It reveals itself around age 5 when we are also internalizing gender role assignment. It begins to consolidate in our late teens. By around the 3rd decade it is relatively fixed.

We are also potently shaped by the processes of socialization and enculturation.

I attach a few articles in this regard. Great topic.

Rich

The analysis of the poems (al-Fusha and others) sung by Fayrouz will reveal many of these formulations, because they are collected between groups in the Arab country that suffers from sectarian differences the most. Thus art reveals this through songs, revolution poems, cinema, and sometimes novel

Good luck

Regarding identity construction through discourse, Bamberg, Bamberg etl. and Defina, etl. are more that great books to revise in this matter.

Hi, Aziz Ur Rehman. The first one is a PhD thesis and you can find it online in https://www.academia.edu/27692369/Social_movements_YouTube_and_political_activism_in_authoritarian_countries_a_comparative_analysis_of_political_change_in_Pakistan_Tunisia_and_Egypt. The Second publication is available in https://books.google.pt/books?id=kQWdDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=pt-PT&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false. Hope this helps!

Jinan F. B. Al-Hajaj Thank you so much! :)

There are many publications in this field. A simple literature search should provide you with many publications relating to your research area. Other than what has been mentioned, you can also check, among others, Richardson, J. (2006), Analysing Newspapers: An Approach from Critical Discourse Analysis; Talbot, M. (2007), Media Discourse: Representation and Interaction: Kalyango, Y. & Kopytowska, M.W. (2014), Why Discourse Matters: Negotiating Identity in the Mediatized World.

Anyhow, best a master student looks into this in detail:

Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) on a Blockchain-based Decentralised Trust Network With Customizable Challenges

Juhendaja / supervisor: Alex Norta, Benjamin Leiding

The Authcoin protocol is an alternatie concept to the commonly used public key infrastructures such as central authorites and the PGP Web of Trust (WoT). Authcoin combines a challenge response-based validaton and authenticaton process for domains certicates, email accounts and public keys with the advantages of a blockchain-based storage system. The blockchain technology proivdes a publicly availableo transparent and fault tolerant mechanism for storing data in a distributed and decentralized manner The Authcoin protocol distinguishes between validaton and authenticaton. In the context of Authcoin, validaton aims to prove the following three facts: First, a specific entity has access to a certain account that is under validatono e.g., an email account. Second, a certain entity has access to a specified private- and public key. Third, the specified key pair corresponds to the tested account. The authentiicaton of Authcoin contnues the validaton procedure by verifying the identity and aims to confirm that the alleged owner is also the actual owner of the public key. Users can set up challenges for other entites and ask them to fulfill these challenges. Either the entity fails to do so, or is able to successfully complete the challenge and create a corresponding response. The chosen challenge depends on the use-case scenario, the required level of security and the given threat level of the involved entities. 

Open issues of a recently completed master thesis are: We slightly touched private challenge types that preserve the privacy of data, but in real-life scenarios, it is needed, so it needs further investigation. There are concepts such as zero-knowledge proof, which can be used for providing privacy in Authcoin protocol, but it was out of the scope of this thesis. Additionally, there are more and more authentication types introduced in today’s world, so in the case of emerging new biometric or another factor, research might be needed to validate it in the Authcoin protocol. Also, this thesis was mentioning private and public key pairs as the central resource for which authentication was taking place. However, the Authcoin protocol is not limited to private/public key pair and can authenticate users to access any resource. 

Another open issue for future research is usage of machine learning models for improving risk-based authentication. Since risk-based authentication compares old, existing contexts to user’s current context, machine learning models can be used to improve information about previously used contexts. Furthermore, in the implementation, we only consider person to person in- teraction since it is easy to test, but in real life, there can be different use cases which can include users such as organization, ministry, government or machine. Hence, many combinations can happen, and it needs further research. Other open issues pertain to fusing the physical-, digital- and biological identity as extended multi-factor authentication challenge sets that can also be combined with blockchain technology.

The self-determination of indigenous peoples, as well as the respect and promotion of their cultures, are human rights included in international treaties (Convention No. 169 of International Labor Organization, Concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries).

In Mexico, we have recognized them in our Constitution, as a consequence of a 1994 indigenous armed conflict (EZLN). Initially, it served to allow indigenous communities to isolate themselves, and they will not respect some rights, such as the equality of women and child abuse.

However, in recent times the Mexican Supreme Court is making them respect the Constitution, while guaranteeing that their communities must be heard in the design and execution of public policies that impact them.

First, we need to understand that language, identity, and culture are interwoven. Culture is a defining feature of one’s identity while language is an entity that connects a person to his culture, and therefore language is part of culture and identity. A particular language points to the identity of a particular group of people. Through language, we express our identity and cultural beliefs. In fact, language is used to understand one’s identity and culture.

Dear, Anna Voigt , Volume II of the information age of the sociologist Manuel Castells, can be useful

In addition, at this level of identity, you may in addition to Modeller, also want to try modelling with a threading algorithm, e.g. iTasser, which not only rely on how similar two sequences are using average amino acid similarities, but actually check how "happy" (energetically favourable) your sequence is in the structure of the template. Especially if you have man insertions/deletions between your target sequence and the sequence of your template, Modeller is crucially dependent on the correct placement of these gaps, which is not necessarily the on yielding the best score.

Shilong put you on the right track. If I need to add something, it has to do with the way your students bring about coherence in their writing by analyzing the theme-rheme organization (Halliday's textual metafunction) into the various types such as constant theme, simple linear progression, derived theme, split theme, and thematic lapse. Since you want to investigate Writer Identity, an analysis along these lines may be fruitful in reinforcing your decisions as to what counts as different writer identities. As you may know, these types are variously complex, which would enable you to stream students into different personalities through their writings. An author that you might ant to consult on the ideational metafunction, though he is a social psychologist, is Pennebaker who has written extensively on the importance of lexical choices. A final word about the interpersonal metafunction: Depending on what topic students have been given to develop, this function may be slightly difficult to investigate. I take it that you start with hypotheses about what to expect to find in your students' writing, in which you might suggest which metafunction might be more represented.

in fact the paper has been published meanwhile in the Journal of Clinical Medicine and can be downloaded from my RG account: Andonian et al. (2020)

Your suggestions helped a lot with knowledge acquisition in general and theory crafting, thanks again!

I chose to measure the mentioned constructs directly by generating items by myself and forming a scale, but, as this was my bachelor thesis, i needed to keep it very parsimonious, because experimental induction and other measures already took up much time and space. Therefore, I also had no chance to pilot test and validate my scale. It could be that it´s just measuring mindfulness - currently I´m analysing and arguing based on the theoretical foundation of my item construction and the results.

Overall, I expected way more but the results are not at all completely disappointing. A major problem that emerges is that my sample consists mostly of psychology students (who would have thought it), which is evidently limiting variance of my independent variable(s). I will, however, continue researching with the same or slightly altered experimental framework and design within the scope of my work at the chair and keep you up to date. Probably, I create a project here after my current obligations are overcome.

Greetings and stay healthy!

An interesting and inspiring subject, good luck!

Gracias! Estamos acabando el trabajo. Cuestionamos la función que se lleva a cabo realmente en las Escuelas Superiores de Diseño, y en todo el sistema público universitario, relativo a la falta de formación en inglés profesional. Es curioso la importancia que en teoría se le da, tanto por empleadores como por las instituciones, a la competencia en inglés, y lo poCó que se hace para que llegue a todo el alumnado.

Dear Anatol Badach ,

thank you for your reply, I appreciate your help.

Using ideas that develop creative processes such as skills, planning and design, as well as the continuous encouragement of positive processes and correcting the wrong ones.

seriously - no one has actually read her question. Surely it is on how to report it in plain language!!!! I'm struggling with this as well - its never actual spoken of plainly.

Thank you, yes I have tried that. Aileen

Hi Dan Moreno,

I would look into the work of Bakhtin, Vygotsky and Leontiev. Maybe also Anna Stetsenko or Hubert Hermans if you're looking for modern identity construction within movements or the self. But identity is something that also needs to be neatly defined so you can pick a discussion.

As far as 'identity as an object', my good friend Ehsan Baha (also on researchgate,) is real life proof that understanding or becoming aware of your identity can be an object. His work, although not rooted in CHAT, is helping design students understand their identity and use to develop themselves and their understanding of long term object and meaning.

I did send it, yet it still awaiting for confirmation:

"This message will not appear in this archive until it has been accepted by the mailing list. You may want to save a copy of this message in case it is not accepted."

An international team did surveys in March. Among them our Institute for Protest and Social Movement Studies. Information in German here: https://protestinstitut.eu/das-ipb-in-den-medien-fridays-for-future/

Others involved were: Göteborgs Universitet, Uppsala Universitet, University of Exeter, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Universiteit Antwerpen, Université de Genève, Université de Neuchâtel, Scuola Normale Superiore (Florenz)

I don't know if this is the right direction but:

- studies on 'regretting motherhood' --> e.g. Donath, Orna (2015): Regretting Motherhood. in: Signs 40(2).

- studies on Transgender, Operations and Regret --> e.g. Pfafflin, Friedemann (1993): Regrets after sex reassignment surgery. in: Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality 5(4).

- I think there is some research on regretting to migrate, on people re-imigrating after their emmigration (bc of disappointment) or on regret of Expats (I think there was something about that in Karen O'Reilly's 'The British on the Costa del Sol, but I am unsure) --> this is about Identity as the people had a specific idea about the land they migrate to and of themselves as people living there and that these constructions can fail

hope that helps,

I wrote this poem.

Hi Dmitry: I am familiar with two scales which measure aspects of time perspective: The Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) and the modified Balanced Time Perspective Scale (mBTPS). They each measure certain facets of the past, present, and future time perspective and each has been associated with various measures of positive mental health. I've attached a copy of a paper describing the mBTPS for your interest.

Best wishes,

Jeff

I would annotate first my genome which means predict all genes/proteins using an annotator. If you are not conformable with command line, you can use Galaxy.org. and the annotator selection depends on your organism.

Once you have your set of proteins and you expect the enzymes to have orthologuos in the genome, you can go for Blast Best hit (80 % identity and 70 % coverage) or other tool such OrtoMCL in case of eukaryotes. If they are not orthologuos, you can modify Blast parameters.

Hope it helps.

Best

Dissociative identity disorder (DID), often called multiple personality disorder (MPD), has fascinated people for over a century. However, though it is a very well-known disorder, mental health professionals are not even sure if it exists. It is possible that it is a form of another illness, like schizophrenia. Another theory is that it doesn’t exist at all, and those who have it, including the following people, are simply acting.

please check the link for further information.

Dr. Mohammmedali, your question is a good question, but you frame it as a binary question--either you identify with (i.e. belong) or you disconnect (i.e. don't feel that you belong). Of course there are degrees of belonging depending on who you are, where you are, and what you think entails "belonging". The US, I imagine is like many other "diverse" countries with multi-ethnic, multi-racial populations and there are degrees or spectra of belonging that are based not on experience or emotion, but also on power. Citizenship after all is as much about exclusion as it is about inclusion. That is true historically and that is true currently. For example, to be considered "white" was a precondition in order to be considered eligible for citizenship in the US in the past. Likewise, currently some people are consIdered ineligible for citizenship even before they arrive, such as the asylum seekers currently making their way in caravans from Central America to the US. Also, in such diverse countries as the US, nation-building depends on narratives, myths and discourses that create national identities that support their exceptionalist stances. While the "melting pot" myth has been used to invoke that the US is a country of immigrants where all (i.e. cultures, races, ethnicities) "mix" into the pot and harmoniously become "Americans", that is not a universal experience or expectation for all. In fact it is a very violent idea first and foremost because it erases the genocide of Native Americans from the national consciousness. Nation of immigrants discourses invoke "terra nullius" or the idea that the land was/is vacant and available to immigrants who are seeking better lives and fortunes (i.e. American Dreams). Settler colonialism has been/is normalized as fair, just, and part of a civilizing mission toward modernity (for some). Settlers, white settlers in particular appropriate "nativeness" for themselves and then claim to be the "true Americans"; thus, American is normalized to white Americans. The melting pot myth is also violent to People of Color because People of Color (non-whites) are not meant to be included in the pot and even though the discourse is meant to encourage assimilation, for some People of Color, no matter how much they try to assimilate, they will never be considered "true Americans." African Americans, for example, have been excluded historically as sub-human (i.e. 3/5 compromise, property) and continue to be excluded today through the legal system, economically, police violence, etc. This is true for other communities of color as well. Third, the melting pot myth is also violent toward whites, because they had to give up their European heritage cultures and languages in exchange for the full citizenship, for inclusion into whiteness. To become white they had to give up being Polish, Dutch, German, etc. Whiteness is powerful and it is protected by structures and institutional power in the US. Even poor whites are more invested in whiteness than in their own potential economic and political political alliances with People of Color for social justice. So, bottom line, yes some people feel they belong, but many do and don't simultaneously depending on who they are, how historically informed they are, their critical "read" of the world, etc. I apologize if this is not the kind of answer you sought, but the issue is so complicated, historical, political, social, cultual, etc. that there is no easy answer.

"Rêve et chamanisme", ed Accarias l'Originel, Paris, 1998.

Definition is (a logically coherent) restriction. It means that features shared among many (or all) cannot serve as a starting point. It would be much better - and much more correct - to proceed with the definition of "identity" first.

Or, if not, we stay at the "Mediterranian diet" (with the exception of pork) as a basic conclusion.

Thanks very much. A very useful book and a great author.

I think the question is too broad and so it needs to be narrowed down or reworded! Both migration and consumption are big concepts and identity of an individual or a group of people can be changed and/or reconstructed when people migrate to another country! Dietary practice is just one aspect of identity, which can immensely be influenced by the movement of people from one place to another. Think about the diverse identities of diasporas in transnational world!

yes i mostly used for more information you can see

Definitively, it's a pity Bourdieu isn't here anymore!

A link between self-reference and identity can be established through the interdependence of a "sense of continuity" and "continuous sense of self".

"Humans either consciously or unconsciously “make sense of a continuity” between their past, present, and future. This sense of continuity is central to the development of an understanding of oneself, others, and the surrounding environment....

....thus "there must also be 'a continuous sense of self' in the human mind that enables a person to be sure every morning that he or she is the same person who went to sleep last night. This aspect of self, referred to as 'the ecological self,' allows one to perceive oneself with respect to physical environment, and to say 'I am the person here in this place, engaged in this particular activity' "

"The continuous sense of self and the sense of continuity can be relatively referred to as pre-reflective and reflective self. The pre-reflective self (the self-body) is the immediate and mostly unconscious experiencer of life. By contrast, the reflective self (i.e., reflecting upon what one feels, believes, or wishes) is the internal observer of what is consciously and unconsciously experienced ...."

In sum, this interdependence of the continuous sense and the sense of continuity can (i.e. self-reference) be deemed as the developmental process of identity. Individual differences in the sense of continuity between past and present experiences are likely to be a reason for why individuals with the same ethnocultural identity can have have different self-reference.

Should you be interested in further explanations, articles below may meet your concern.

Kuldas, S. & Bulut, S. (2016). What Is Called Self in Educational Research and Practice? Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 38:4, 200-211.

Mead, G. H. (1913). The social self. The Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods, 10, 374–380. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2012910

Trafimow, D., Triandis, H. C., & Goto, S. G. (1991). Some tests of the distinction between the private self and the collective self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 649–655. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.60.5.649

Martin, J. (2004). The educational inadequacy of conceptions of self in educational psychology. Interchange: A Quarterly Review of Education, 35, 185–208. doi:10.1007/BF02698849

Hi There, I was actually involved in some research on this theme looking at identity formation within the context of the conflict on Twitter, I've some quite good sources available and the research may be of interest to you - do let me know if you have any questions and I'd be happy to help: https://arrow.dit.ie/icr/vol16/iss1/8/ We also got some media coverage for the paper, which may give a quick insight into our focus: Jerusalem Post: https://www.jpost.com/Blogs/Conflict-and-Technology/Portraying-Israeli-and-Palestinian-Identities-on-Twitter-565928 London School of Economics: http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/mec/2018/09/22/portraying-israeli-and-palestinian-identities-on-twitter/ Political Studies association: https://www.psa.ac.uk/insight-plus/blog/portraying-israeli-and-palestinian-identities-twitter

I think,

'Creative Identity' is a thing which is associated with creativity and the society. Someone who has creative identity, he must has two things, one is creativity which is also recognized as creativeness by the society. If society does not give any recognition of anybody's creativity, the 'creative Identity' will not developed!? Even, the development of an Identity is not only dependent on an individual one but also on societal context(culture, power structure, economics, politics, etc.). There are abound of examples around us that people may have creativity but they are being treated as the men of insane work. Here the power politics of social exclusion is very relevant.

Moreover, in capitalist economy and society there is a deep influence of institutionalization. Now a days creativity is being shaped by the institutional nature and institution gives a testimony of creativeness which has a 'cultural capital', this sort of capital helps to get an Identity too. Creativity is existing every where, some are recognized, some are not and some are ignored!

I just want to explain with an example:

Now I am working with the Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals (FDMN) in Bangladesh. You know, this is the world's largest refugee and humanitarian crisis in recent time. Here, I found, many children are playing with their hand made toys. Now question is that, the boy or girl who is playing with hand made toys made by him/herself is creative? Definitely they are creative. Creativity always comes out from the human spirit whatever it is in emergency situation or in peaceful situation. But, when we will talk about 'creative identity' it becomes complicated with the connection of society.

Thanks for your thinking Declan! This coalescence as a Psychological Factor is interesting because at that age research shows that the child's imagination and development are fluid and can trigger altered states in a Default Mode Paradigm. Traumatic Stress has been linked to Default Mechanisms and Altered States. Simplifying a complex processs this may occur as as follows. Alters may form and solidify together to escape the present traumatic experience. After this Internal focus and consolidation alters may be created and controlled by an Executive/Directing Alter to interact with the External Reality. The blending of various escape personalities and the practicing mode may occur with repeated traumatic triggers and becomes automatic, controlled and learned much as actors learn and look natural in their roles. Hypnotic effects may trigger default modes in actors to make them feel and believe that they are the person that they portray. The Default Mode has been linked to Altered States of Consciousness. Simply stated, The Default Mode Network (DMN) is made up of a Positive Mode and a Negative Mode. One Focuses on the External Environment the other on the Internal Thinking with much happening in Dreaming and Altered States of consciousness. The complex interplay is triggered repeatedly to form DID and related states. This is purely a Theoretical Hypothesis to try to get at the Possible Neuropsychological Mechanisms that may be involved in your excellent Coalescence description. Research on the Default Mode Network is growing fast in the areas of hypnosis, mindfulness, creativity and PTSD as well as many other areas and my portrayal is in development. Thanks Declan and Shirley for this interesting topic! Lewis

Thank you.

But if I have a query coverage of 85-88% between my query sequence and the reference sequence, does it mean that are different species? Which should be a good cut-off value of the query coverage to conclude sequences are different?

When I was working, there was a website I used for upcoming conferences. I do not remember it, but here are some such sites that will be usefule for your search.

Dear Gary

unfortunately I don't think there is a general consensus about the thresholds to apply to BLAST or other similarity searches. A filter on query coverage percentage and identity of at least 80% sounds reasonable as well as focusing on the hits with an evalue less than 0.05. In the end it depends on the kind of information you are looking for, the distance between your species and the others in the database, etc. So in the end you decide if you want to be very strict applying stricter filters because you want to find the strongest candidate or if you want to apply more relaxed filters. For instance, if you wanted to collect similar sequences in order to perform a phylogenetic analysis or a multi-alignment then you could decide to be more relaxed to get most of the sequences. On the other hand if you are looking for a candidate gene for a specific trait then you could be more strict.

I hope this information might be useful.

Kind regards

Riccardo

Bioinformatics data analyst at www.sequentiabiotech.com

Thanks Leandro for your help