Science topic
IR - Science topic
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Publications related to IR (10,000)
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Soyut Cinsiyet ve uluslararası ilişkilerin (Uİ) kesişimi, disiplini kökten yeniden şekillendirerek devlet gücü ve diplomasi hakkındaki geleneksel anlatılara meydan okumuştur. Erken diplomatik uygulamalar erkek merkezli görünse de, feminist akademisyenler kadınların resmi olmayan kanallar aracılığıyla sahip olduğu önemli etkiyi vurgulamışlardır. Uİ'...
Konferencijos medžiagoje publikuojami straipsniai, kuriuose analizuojami viešojo administravimo mokslo aktualijos, svarbūs iššūkiai bei raidos perspektyvos darnios plėtros, pilietinės visuomenės ir pilietinio veiksmingumo kontekstuose
While the concept of responsible AI is becoming more and more
popular, practitioners and researchers may often struggle to characterize responsible practices in their own work. Using a hands-on approach – where participants are invited to discuss terminology
from their own perspectives – this tutorial aims to illustrate the
application of responsib...
Background and objective
Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI)-guided prostate biopsies have become the standard of care. This study aims to analyze changes in the distribution of detected prostate cancer (PCa) risk groups in Switzerland during the adoption period of a multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI)-guided prostate...
This study focuses on the World Trade Organisation (WTO). WTO is the main international organization in the global governance of trade since its establishment in 1995. The objective of the study is to shed light on the effectiveness of the WTO in regulating multilateral trade. To this end, the case-study method is employed, and the relevant premise...
Q. Yang X. Liu W. Wu- [...]
A. Thurston
The Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) Pathfinder (CPF) mission is set to launch an SI‐traceable reflective solar (RS) spectrometer aboard the International Space Station to measure Earth‐reflected solar radiation with a radiometric uncertainty of 0.3%–0.6% (k = 1). This paper introduces a fast and accurate spectral ex...
Three capnosane-based cembranoids (1–3), four normal cembranoids (4–7), and one sarsolenane-based cembranoid (8) were isolated from the soft coral Sarcophyton glaucum, including three new compounds: glacunoids A (1), B (4), and C (7). The chemical structures were elucidated using IR, MS, and NMR spectroscopy, with the absolute configurations of 1,...
Temperature-sensitive paint applied to an adhesive film was used to measure surface heating utilizing a fluorescent signal lifetime analysis, in which the ratio of excitation and decay exposures was mapped to temperature via calibration. This work discusses a two-level model of the TSP fluorescence in response to pulsed excitation and uses it to ex...
Catalysis plays a crucial role in the chemical industry by enhancing reaction efficiency, reducing production costs, and minimizing environmental impact. With their unique properties, metal complexes can direct chemical reactions toward specific products, thereby improving selectivity and reducing waste. They also enable reactions to occur under mi...
Differential interference contrast (DIC) imaging is essential in both biological research and medical diagnostics. Despite considerable progress in theoretical and experimental frameworks, limited by the inefficient cameras, achieving direct DIC imaging with infrared (IR) illumination remains a formidable challenge. However, infrared DIC imaging is...
An infrared (IR) polarization imaging approach basically through configuring a polarized liquid-crystal (LC) component adjusted electrically before a common IR camera, is proposed. An experimental module composed of a single layer of the IR twisted nematic LC (IR-TNLC) structure for continuously or leapingly varying the polarized orientation of the...
A green protocol for the telescoped synthesis of (E)‐2‐Aryl‐4‐styryl‐1H‐pyrrolo[3,4‐c]quinoline‐1,3(2H)‐diones were developed, employing a well‐characterized deep eutectic solvent (DES) as a catalyst for a transition metal‐free cascade dehydrogenation and sp³ C─H functionalization to yield styryl‐heterocycles (6a–q). The structures of 6c, 6i, and 6...
This paper introduces a novel method for synthesizing a cationic adhesion additive for road bitumen. The method involves condensing higher carboxylic acids and triglycerides of non-edible rapeseed oil with diethanolamine. The details of this innovative synthesis, the properties of the additive, and its action mechanism are shown in the results of t...
The growing power of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized how people access and utilize information. Notably, the LLMs excel at performing fine-grained data representation, which facilitates precise retrieval of information. They also generate high-quality answers based on external references, enabling the production of useful knowledge....
The aim of this study was to optimize a method for qualitative and quantitative determination of gaseous degradation products formed in the process of thermal decomposition in the sample. The toxicometric index was determined with the use of the coupled TG-FTIR technique (gas analyzer). The polyurethane (PUR) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were used...
We adopt a novel approach to combine path integral methods with Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG). Our approach builds upon the recently developed coherent state path integral formulation of LQG to compute the one-loop effective action. We compare this methodology with the conventional Quantum Field Theory (QFT) prescription for path integrals and extend...
This paper presents the design, simulation, and analysis of an electrically tunable single-band infrared (IR) absorber featuring a periodic structure with gold metasurfaces and a graphene layer. The base structure consists of cross-shaped gold metasurfaces and a ground layer separated by an aluminum nitride (AlN) layer, optimized for narrowband abs...
Background: The immunoreactive (IR) subtype is one of the subtypes of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) with intra-tumoral lymphocytic infiltration. A positive prognostic correlation between IR subtype and R0 + optimal surgery has been reported. This study investigates the prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) i...
Cloud interference significantly affects infrared (IR) satellite observations, posing substantial challenges in data assimilation. The Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder (GIIRS) onboard Fengyun-4A (FY-4A), the first IR hyperspectral instrument carried on a geostationary satellite, has been extensively evaluated through direct clear-sky...
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in females globally. However, we know relatively little about trends in males. This study describes United Kingdom (UK) secular trends in breast cancer from 2000 to 2021 for both sexes. We describe a population-based cohort study using UK primary care Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) G...
Mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, and chikungunya continue to pose significant global health threats. Conventional mosquito repellents, often reliant on chemical agents, raise environmental and health concerns due to their toxicity and ecological impact. This article introduces a groundbreaking discovery-Farid's Infrared (IR) Light M...
The study aimed to assess the association of five insulin resistance surrogates, namely HOMA-β (Homeostasis Model Assessment of Beta-cell Function), QUICKI (Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index), IGR (Insulin Glucose Ratio), e-IS (Estimated Insulin Sensitivity), and Bennett ISI(Bennett’s insulin sensitivity index) with all-cause and cardiov...
Background
Docetaxel–cisplatin–5-fluorouracil (DCF) is a new standard neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in Japan. However, some patients experience recurrence and require further systemic platinum-containing chemotherapy. It is unclear whether such regimens are appropriate after a poor histopathologi...
Skin cancer poses a significant global health concern, demanding early diagnosis to enhance patient outcomes and alleviate healthcare burdens. Despite advancements in automated diagnosis systems, most existing approaches primarily address binary classification, with limited focus on distinguishing among multiple skin cancer classes. Multiclass clas...
Intermediate Representations (IRs) are essential in compiler design and program analysis, yet their comprehension by Large Language Models (LLMs) remains underexplored. This paper presents a pioneering empirical study to investigate the capabilities of LLMs, including GPT-4, GPT-3, Gemma 2, LLaMA 3.1, and Code Llama, in understanding IRs. We analyz...
Purpose: This study aims to evaluate low-contrast detectability (LCD) and investigate the effect of the filtered-back projection (FBP) and iterative reconstruction (IR) reconstruction algorithms on object size differences sing 4-alternative forced choice (4-AFC). Methods: Phantom images of the AAPM CT Performance Model 610 were scanned using GE Hea...
Accurate estimation of voltage drop (IR drop) in modern Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) is highly time and resource demanding, due to the growing complexity and the transistor density in recent technology nodes. To mitigate this challenge, we investigate how Machine Learning (ML) techniques, including Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB...
Background
This study investigates the expression and clinical significance of the histamine receptor family (HRs) in the bone marrow of children with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
Methods
RNA sequencing was performed to assess the expression levels of HR family members (HRH1, HRH2, HRH3, and HRH4) in the bone marrow of 140 pediatr...
The synthesis and characterisation of two square planar {PdNO}¹⁰ pincer complexes of the form [Pd(pincer)(NO)]⁺ (pincer = 2,6‐(tBu2PCH2)2C5H3N, 1; 2,6‐(tBu2PO)2C5H3N, 2) are reported. These complexes are readily isolated by phosphine substitution of T‐shaped [Pd(PtBu3)2(NO)]⁺ 3 in THF and the bent nitrosyl coordination mode observed in 3 is retaine...
Charge conductivity in conducting polymers is typically improved by increasing carrier density via chemical oxidation. However, the resulting electrostatic stabilization of the carriers by the dopant ions, combined with their nanostructural environment, are both known to crucially affect charge trapping. Although the effects of charge–ion electrost...
Researchers are interested in Heusler alloys because of their potential technical significance and multifunctional applications. In this paper, a complete theoretical analysis is performed using density functional theory to investigate the structural, mechanical, electronic, magnetic, thermoelectric and optical properties of MCrTaM’ (M = Fe and Ru,...
Background
The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is recognized as an alternative measure of insulin resistance (IR) and has been linked to the risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate whether the association between the TyG index and CVD mortality is influenced by the use of antidiabetic and hypolipidemic age...
High-performance micro-kernels must fully exploit today's diverse and specialized hardware to deliver peak performance to DNNs. While higher-level optimizations for DNNs are offered by numerous compilers (e.g., MLIR, TVM, OpenXLA), performance-critical micro-kernels are left to specialized code generators or handwritten assembly. Even though widely...
Background
Muscle quality index (MQI), an emerging health index, is calculated by dividing handgrip strength by skeletal muscle mass. Current evidence on the correlation between MQI and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), insulin resistance (IR) is limited. This work aims to study that correlation.
Methods
This study involves a cross-sectional analys...
Self-Nano-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS)/ZnxFe3-xO4 has been successfully formulated through the synthesis of ZnxFe3-xO4 by the coprecipitation method and SNEDDS/ZnxFe3-xO4 by the sonication method. This study is focused on the effect of Zn doping on the crystal structure and antioxidant performance of ZnxFe3-xO4 nanoparticles. ZnxFe3-xO...
Thiopyrimidines represent one of the most active classes of compounds, possessing a wide spectrum of biological activities. Herein, we report the synthesis of 2-(heptylthio)pyrimidine-4,6-diamine (HPDA) via S-alkylation. The structure of HPDA was elucidated using 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (...
Background
Estimate glucose disposal rate (eGDR), Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI), triglyceride-glucose (TyG), TyG-body mass index (TyG-BMI), metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR), and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) are considered surrogate indexes of insulin resistance (IR). There is a lack of studies comparing the predictive...
The energetic balance of organisms depends on the energy assimilated from food to fulfill vital functions (e.g. maintenance and somatic growth). Temperature drives the energetic balance and the performance of organisms. Evaluating the effect of temperature on multiple components is relevant to understanding the response to climate change. Here, we...
In line with the current construction revolution, it is time for the construction industry to embrace innovation and technology. This is corresponding with the National Construction Policy 2030 (NCP 2030) that comes out with the aim to digitalize the entire construction industry towards the IR 4.0. The focus is to boost the nation's construction in...
Recent advances in generative image restoration (IR) have demonstrated impressive results. However, these methods are hindered by their substantial size and computational demands, rendering them unsuitable for deployment on edge devices. This work introduces ELIR, an Efficient Latent Image Restoration method. ELIR operates in latent space by first...
As one of the data‐intensive in‐memory computing hardware, ternary content addressable memory (TCAM) stands out for its efficient in‐memory‐searching capability, enabling high‐throughput and low‐latency computing. However, TCAMs, especially those based on resistive non‐volatile memories, face challenges in limited resistance ratio (Rhigh/Rlow) that...
A tractable new computational protocol is proposed to elucidate oligomeric‐scale detail from experimental spectra, providing insight into the local and longer‐range electronic and molecular structures of amorphous materials. The protocol uses an in‐house code Ambuild to grow kinetically‐controlled representative oligomeric clusters of an amorphous...
Background
Insulin resistance (IR) is recognized as a potential modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline, but findings within Asian populations have been inconsistent. Given the high prevalence of dementia and its substantial economic burden in China, large-scale longitudinal studies are essential to elucidate the complex relationship between I...
In recent work, we demonstrated that a spectral variety for the Berry connection of a 2d \mathcal{N}=(2,2) 𝒩 = ( 2 , 2 ) GLSM with Kähler vacuum moduli space X X and Abelian flavour symmetry is the support of a sheaf induced by a certain action on the equivariant quantum cohomology of X X . This action could be quantised to first-order matrix diffe...
The ‘micro-moves’ have produced an astonishing shift in International Relations scholarship, re-centering a discipline traditionally concerned with the commanding heights of global politics around the concrete activities and cites where the global is enacted – and contested. They have opened up academic knowledge production to the ‘local’ experienc...
Within this study, the influence of the German Information Retrieval community on the retrieval campaigns Text Retrieval Conference (TREC) and Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum (CLEF) between 2000 and 2022 was analyzed based on metadata provided by OpenAlex and further metadata extracted with the GROBID framework from the publication's fu...
To search for and study the instabilities in the atmospheres of selected post-AGB stars, we have performed a long-term high-resolution spectroscopy (R=60000) with the spectrograph NES of the 6-meter BTA telescope. Low-amplitude pulsations, splitting and/or asymmetry of the absorption profiles with a low excitation potential, as well as variability...
Background: Clinical CT-Scan Examination and Noise Reduction in Hydronephrosis. Non-contrast CT-Scan examination is used to diagnose hydronephrosis and enhance diagnostic information in CT Urology tracking. However, CT Urography images often contain high noise levels due to examination parameters and patient size variations, which can obscure small...
In light atoms, the technique of Reconstruction of Attosecond Bursts by Interference of Two-Photon Transitions (RABBITT), driven by circularly polarized radiation, enables a complete retrieval of ionization amplitudes in the XUV+IR regime, including their relative phases (Kheifets 2024 Phys. Rev. Res. 6 L012002). In this work, we extend this method...
Background
Children who sustain femur fractures are exposed to medical radiation as part of their treatment. In addition to standard radiographs and fluoroscopy, computerized tomography (CT) is a major source of ionizing radiation (IR). These patients frequently undergo CT scans during their treatment. The aim of the current study was to quantify t...
Background
As all kown, both hypovitaminosis D and insulin resistance (IR) have been linked to adiposity. However, the extent of adiposity’s mediating influence on the hypovitaminosis D-IR relationship among adolescents remains to be elucidated. Additionally, the intricate effects of obesity and blood lipid profiles on IR are not yet fully understo...
Reaction between Acebutolol hydrochloride and sodium tetraphenylborate in water afforded an Acebutolol-tetraphenyl-borate complex. This ion-pair was characterized by a variety of analytical and spectroscopic tools including X-ray crystallographic analysis. Comprehensive theoretical studies including ground-state geometry optimization, Mulliken atom...
A bstract
We consider a composite defect system where a lower-dimensional defect (sub-defect) is embedded to a higher-dimensional one, and examine renormalization group (RG) flows localized on the defect. A composite defect is constructed in the (3 − ϵ )-dimensional free O( N ) vector model with line and surface interactions by triggering localized...
To examine the relationship between the rectus muscle (RM) angle and RM pulley displacement in patients with sagging eye syndrome (SES) without myopia.
Retrospective cross-sectional case series.
High-resolution quasi-coronal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 20 orbits of ten Japanese patients with SES but without high myopia were analyzed....
Runaway stars with peculiar high velocities can generate stellar bow shocks. Only a few bow shocks show clear radio emission. Our goal is to identify and characterize new stellar bow shocks around O and Be runaway stars in the infrared (IR), and to study their possible radio emission and nature. Our input data is a catalog of O and Be runaways comp...
Applications of generating photo-realistic human avatars are many, however, high-fidelity avatar generation traditionally required expensive professional camera rigs and artistic labor, but recent research has enabled constructing them automatically from smartphones with RGB and IR sensors. However, these new methods still rely on the presence of h...
Acetaminophen (APAP) has been formulated as immediate‐, modified‐, and extended‐release tablets (APAP‐IR, ‐MR, and ‐ER, respectively). However, there was concern that APAP‐MR previously available in Europe could form a bezoar after a large overdose, leading to delayed absorption and atypical pharmacokinetics (PK) compared to APAP‐IR, and that curre...
The objective of this study was to characterize three apple varieties (Idared, Red Delicious and Golden Delicious) grown in Romania, with an emphasis on the physico-chemical characteristics. The influence of pasteurization at 70 C° for 30 minutes on ascorbic acid content was also an important objective. Among the physico-chemical characteristics, t...
Polymer matrices can be reinforced with cellulose fillers in a variety of geometric shapes. Depending on the morphology of the particles, the volume fraction of the composite additive may decrease, while the values of the elastic modulus may increase. Increasing the length while decreasing the width of the cellulose filler is an intriguing path in...
Numerous people choose private vehicles over public transportation due to the fast growth of metropolitan populations and hectic work schedules. Finding parking spaces, particularly for cars, is a common challenge that sometime results traffic congestions too. Drivers frequently don't have the time to look for parking spots because of their busy sc...
Polarization is an important attribute of light and can be artificially modulated as a versatile information carrier. Conventional polarization-sensitive photodetection relies on a combination of polarizing optical elements and standard photodetectors, which requires a substantial amount of space and manufacturing expenses. Although on-chip polariz...
The reliability of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE)-insulated power cables, mostly used for electricity distribution and transmission in urban areas, is often compromised due to the lack of effective condition-based monitoring systems. This leads to difficulties in early fault detection and increased risk of unscheduled outages, and failures, parti...
In an Information Retrieval (IR) system, reranking plays a critical role by sorting candidate passages according to their relevance to a specific query. This process demands a nuanced understanding of the variations among passages linked to the query. In this work, we introduce RankFlow, a multi-role reranking workflow that leverages the capabiliti...