Hypocreales - Science topic

The genus Gibellula ( Cordycipitaceae : Hypocreales ) comprises species pathogenic on and specific to spider hosts. Here, we report on the occurrence of a novel species infecting cave-dwelling, orb-weaving spiders of the sub-family Metainae ( Tetragnathidae ) in the British Isles. The new species, Gibellula attenboroughii is described and illustrat...

Samsoniella scoliopterygis ( Cordycipitaceae : Hypocreales ), pathogenic on the herald moth Scoliopteryx libatrix ( Erebidae : Noctuoidea ), is described as a new species, based on morphological, ecological and molecular evidence. Infected specimens of this troglophilic moth were recorded from caves, as well as from a copper mine, in southern Engla...

The ascomycete family Bionectriaceae ( Hypocreales ) contains cosmopolitan species distributed throughout a broad range of environments, mainly occurring in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems, with a less frequent occurrence in marine habitats. Members of the family are commonly used in industrial, pharmaceutical, and commercial applications. Ap...

This study investigates the efficacy of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) in controlling Necrobia rufipes (De Geer) (Coleoptera: Cleridae), a significant pest responsible for economic losses in copra production, aiming to determine the effective concentration required to achieve substantial mort...

Trichoderma spp. (Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes, Hypocreales) pose a significant global importance due to their numerous applications in many biotechnological, industrial, medicinal, and agricultural fields. In this study, biodiversity of Trichoderma species in Egypt was investigated. A total of 60 Trichoderma strains was isolated from 119 sampling s...

Ophiocordyceps is the largest genus in Ophiocordycipitaceae, known for its diverse host range and ecological adaptability, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. Southwestern China is a hotspot for its species diversity. Ophiocordyceps fungi typically parasitize insects through specialized adaptations in their life cycle. In this study,...

Background India is the world’s leading producer of coconuts, with 2.08 million hectares under cultivation, yielding a total production of 22,167 million nuts annually. However, various biotic and abiotic constraints limit global palm yields. Among the biotic factors, the coconut red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Curcu...

This study explores the fungal diversity of Southwestern China, focusing on ascomycetous fungi associated with decaying plant materials. Through morphological and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses, we identified 31 new species and a new genus across six fungal orders, Amphisphaeriales, Chaetosphaeriales, Dyfrolomycetales, Hypocreales, Pleosporales,...

Trichoderma spp. induce physiological and biochemical changes in plants, potentially enhancing growth and mitigating water deficit effects. This study evaluated morphophysiological parameters, water status indicators, gas exchange, and biochemical and metabolic responses of Eucalyptus urophylla under different water regimes and inoculation with T....

Ascomycota, the most speciose phylum of fungi, is a complex entity, comprising three diverse subphyla: Pezizomycotina, Saccharomycotina, and Taphrinomycotina. The largest and most diverse subphylum, Pezizomycotina, is a rich tapestry of 16 classes and 171 orders. Saccharomycotina, the second largest subphylum, is a diverse collection of seven class...

The rapid expansion of Eucalyptus plantations in Ethiopia is driven by the increasing demand for woody products, raising concerns about their ecological impact. While conserving native forests remains a priority, Eucalyptus plantations provide alternative sources of forest products and income, helping to reduce pressure on native ecosystems. Howeve...

Animal excrement serves as the primary substrate for Amphichorda, which is found in a wide range of habitats. Based on evolutionary relationships, the genus is currently classified within the Bionectriaceae. However, the phylogenetic position of Amphichorda and its associated taxa remains unresolved due to limited sampling in previous studies. Here...

Ophiocordyceps, a genus of invertebrate-pathogenic fungi in the family Ophiocordycipitaceae (order Hypocreales), is globally distributed. Over 300 species have been described and accepted as members of the genus. This study introduces three new Ophiocordyceps species from China: O. liaoningensis, O. muscidarum, and O. neocommunis. Remarkably, O. mu...

Filamentous fungi colonise substrates by invasive growth of multi-cellular hyphae. It is commonly accepted that hyphae expand by tip growth that is restricted to the first apical cell, where turgor pressure, exocytosis and endocytosis cooperate to expand the apex. Here we show that, contrary to expectations, subapical cells play important roles in...

Scale insects (Coccidae, Hemiptera) and whiteflies (Aleyrodidae, Homoptera) are diminutive, ubiquitous, sap-sucking plant parasites, many of which are serious agricultural pests. Over the course of several years, an investigation into entomopathogenic fungi affecting scale insects and whiteflies resulted in the collection of 13 novel species of Cla...

While exploring the leaf litter fungal diversity in Doi Inthanon National Park, Northern Thailand, we discovered a previously unknown lineage within Niessliaceae. Muciflexus inthanonensisgen. et sp. nov. is therefore introduced to accommodate this new lineage. The link between the sexual and asexual morphs of Ochronectria thailandica is also establ...

During a fungal diversity survey in various urban habitats across China, 5 fungal isolates were discovered from soil samples. Detailed morphological observations and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses confirmed the identification of two novel taxa: Biconidium sinensegen. et sp. nov. and Didymocyrtis shanxiensissp. nov. These species were formally des...

Gut microbiota variations in response to environmental and nutritional factors are of great significance as gut microbiota plays an integral role in nutrient metabolism, immunity, health, and disease conditions. In this context, limited studies investigated variations of gut microbiota in response to different feeding systems and environmental cond...

Introduction Neophilaenus campestris (Fallén) (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae) is among the most abundant, highly dispersible, and widely distributed Xylella fastidiosa Wells (Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae) vectors to olive tree in Europe, with emphasis in Andalucía. The development of efficient and environmentally friendly vector management strategi...

Hypocreales is one of the largest orders within the class Sordariomycetes and is renowned for its diversity of lifestyles, encompassing plant, insect, and human pathogens, as well as endophytes, parasites, and saprobes. In this study, we focused on saprobic hypocrealean fungi isolated from rice in northern Thailand. Species identification was condu...

Cordycipitaceae is a well-known family in Hypocreales, comprising numerous arthropod-pathogenic species. Many taxa in this family have been identified and described through integrated morphological and molecular analyses. In this study, phylogenetic analyses using nrLSU, ITS, nrSSU, 3P _TEF , rpb1 , and rpb2 revealed a new species, Pleurodesmospora...

Iron bioavailability is often limited especially in calcareous soils. Trichoderma harzianum strongly improves plant iron uptake and growth in calcareous soils. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which T. harzianum mobilizes iron in calcareous soils. Here, the model strain T. harzianum NJAU4742 and a synthetic microbial community (SynC...

Species of Fusarium are important phytopathogens, saprobes, and endophytes around the world. Some species can affect plant health and cause yield loss of economic plants. Fusarium species are widely distributed in China, and many species were found from different plant hosts. The Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC) is one of the mo...

Bell pepper is a vegetable with beneficial properties for human nutrition. However, salinity is an abiotic factor affecting bell pepper yield in arid and semi-arid areas of Peru. The objective was to determine the combined effect of humic acid (HA) with Trichoderma harzianum (TH) as sustainable alternatives to increase the yield of bell peppers sub...

In this study, the biological activity and sporulation rate produced by two native isolates (Bb-16 SOR and Bb-92 POE) of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo-Crivelli) Vuillemin on the leaf beetles Colaspis brunnea (Fabricius) and Cerotoma ruficornis (Oliver) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) were evaluated. Both parameters were compared with a biologically chara...

Mice are colonized by diverse gut fungi, known as the mycobiota, which have received much less attention than bacterial microbiota. Here, we studied the diversities and structures of cecal fungal communities in wild (Lasiopodomys brandtii, Apodemus agrarius, and Microtus fortis) vs laboratory C57BL/6J mice to disentangle the contributions of gut fu...

The banana pseudostem weevil (BPW), Odoiporus longicollis (Oliver), is one of the most destructive pests of bananas that is seriously affecting the yield and quality of bananas. We isolated pathogens from banana pseudostem weevils in Xishuangbanna and Dongchuan, Yunnan, China, and explored their biological characteristics. The pathogenicity of the...

Paraisaria gracilioides (Kobayasi) Luangsa-ard, Mongkolsamrit & Samson, originally described as Ophiocordyceps gracilioides, is a member of the Ophiocordycipitaceae, within the order Hypocreales. This study, presented the mitochondrial genome of P. gracilioides structured as a circular molecule spanning 181,140 bp, was larger than those of most Oph...

A rare entomopathogenic fungus Blackwellomyces pseudomilitaris (Hywel-Jones & Sivichai) Spatafora & Luangsa-ard on lepidopteran larva is described for the first time from India. This fungus was formerly known as Cordyceps pseudomilitaris Hywel-Jones & Sivichai. Morphological, microscopic, and cultural characteristics with molecular identification h...

A rare entomopathogenic fungus Blackwellomyces pseudomilitaris (Hywel-Jones & Sivichai) Spatafora & Luangsa-ard on lepidopteran larva is described for the first time from India. This fungus was formerly known as Cordyceps pseudomilitaris Hywel-Jones & Sivichai. Morphological, microscopic, and cultural characteristics with molecular identification h...

Trichoderma Persoon (1794) is a genus of fungus found in soils and decaying wood all over the world. We present the assembly and annotation of the mitochondrial genome of Trichoderma cerinum Bissett, Kubicek & Szakacs (2003) and an assessment of the phylogeny of the group, discussing the loss and gain of shared genes in the evolutionary history of...

A survey of the fungal diversity associated with mixed pastures from Eastern Cape dairy farms in South Africa led to the isolation of 155 Fusarium strains that belong to the Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC). Using single and multigene phylogenies based on partial sequences of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF), calm...

Two biological phenomena that contribute to increasing complexity in biological systems are mutualistic symbiotic interactions and the evolution of sociality. These two phenomena are also of fundamental importance to our understanding of the natural world. An organism that poses a threat to one or both of these is therefore also of great interest a...

Simplicillium and Leptobacillium, sister genera in the family Cordycipitaceae, exhibit a broad range of hosts or substrates. The identification of two novel species, from Simplicillium and Leptobacillium, was achieved by analysing morphological characteristics and phylogenetic data obtained from six molecular markers (ITS, nrSSU, nrLSU, tef-1α, rpb...

Clonostachys and Sesquicillium are genera in Bionectriaceae, and known in sexual perithecial ascomata and hyphomycetous asexual morphs. In their asexual morph, both genera share similar morphology in conidiophores and conidiogenous cell characteristics but differ in the development of conidiophores. The members of Clonostachys are distributed world...

Doru luteipes (Dermaptera: Forficulidae), feeds on several arthropod pests. To ensure the continuity of this predator, it is important to adopt sustainable solutions for pest management, as the application of microbiological products. However, compatibility among these agents must be confirmed. While it is known that the earwig protects and cares f...

Members of Stachybotryaceae are distributed worldwide, with certain species playing a significant role as bio-degraders and some causing diseases in plants, humans, and animals. Other species within this family can be found in soil and have been reported as saprobes in various plants. In this study (2021–2022), fungal taxa resembling Stachybotryace...

During soil fungal surveys in Egypt's New Valley Governorate, four significant fungal isolates from three different species have been reported. Two of these strains were uncovered in Egypt for the first time, while the other two may be potential new species. The four strains were identified as being Paramyrothecium spp. (two strains), Striaticonidi...

During soil fungal surveys in Egypt's New Valley Governorate, four significant fungal isolates from three different species have been reported. Two of these strains were uncovered in Egypt for the first time, while the other two may be potential new species. The four strains were identified as being Paramyrothecium spp. (two strains), Striaticonidi...

Introduction Entomopathogenic fungi play a crucial role in the ecological regulation of insect populations and can be exploited as a resource for pest control, sustainable agriculture, and natural products discovery. These fungi and their infected hosts are sometimes highly coveted as part of traditional medicine practices. Here, we sought to exami...

Crocidolomia pavonana , commonly known as the cabbage cluster caterpillar, is a significant pest of cabbage plants, causing substantial damage and economic losses. One potential method to control C. pavonana is using the entomopathogenic fungus Trichoderma asperellum . This study aimed to identify the most effective isolate of T. asperellum in mana...

Pests are responsible for the loss of up to 40% of global crops. Widespread resistance to pesticides has emerged due to the overuse of a limited set of compounds and targets. This overreliance has driven the rapid adaptation of pest populations, making pesticides increasingly ineffective while posing significant risks to public health and the envir...

Marquandomyces is a recently established genus in the Clavicipitaceae and previously comprised only two known species. This study expands the understanding of its generic concept and species diversity through comprehensive fungal diversity surveys conducted from soil samples in China and Uzbekistan. As a result, five new species were identified bas...

The family Nectriaceae (Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes) includes saprobes, endophytes and numerous important pathogens, several of which are of high commercial interest. Presently there are numerous genera scattered throughout the Nectriaceae that have a fusarioid asexual morph (i.e., genera with fusarium-like macroconidia). Fusarioid fungi encompass...

Heavy metal pollution reduces the community of soil microorganisms, including fungi from the genus Trichoderma , which are plant growth promotors and biological control agents. Because of potential effects on crop productivity, the toxic effects of heavy metals (HMs) in Trichoderma are of interest. However, there have been few studies on the bioche...

Fungi play vital roles in ecosystems through parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism. Additionally, they are widely used in industry as bioactive compound producers and biological control agents. Biomphalaria glabrata is a freshwater snail often controlled with chemical molluscicides. However, developing effective alternatives to these chemical tre...

False smut caused by Ustilaginoidea virens is an emerging disease of rice in India. The disease is causing economic loss to farmers through the reduction of yield and quality of rice. To devise a suitable approach to manage the disease effectively, an understanding of the genetic diversity and population structure of the pathogen is essential. Henc...

Hypocreales, the order within the class Sordariomycetes (Ascomycota) comprises a diverse range of species occupying saprophytic, symbiotic, and parasitic niches. Although Hypocreales have been extensively studied in terrestrial environments, research on their diversity and ecological roles in marine ecosystems remains limited. This has led to a kno...

Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) are economically important polyphagous pest species causing severe yield losses in Potato. To develop a biopesticide in an environmentally safe manner, the virulence and pathogenecity of the indigenous Clonostachys rosea CR 02 (Ascomycota, Hypocreales: Bionectriaceae) was assessed against whitefly u...

Prasiola is a genus of foliose green algae that forms extensive cryptogamic canopies that contribute to the greening of ice-free areas in the Antarctic tundra. To better understand the impact of Prasiola canopy establishment on colonization in these areas, this study compared the taxonomic and functional structures of bacterial and fungal communiti...

Mycoviruses are viruses that infect fungi, yeasts, and oomycetes and can replicate and multiply within them. They are widely distributed in plant- and animal-pathogenic fungi. In this study, we identified a novel positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ ssRNA) mycovirus from Ustilaginoidea virens strain Uv339, the causal agent of rice false smut (RSF)...

Karst habitats are hotspots of diversity and endemism. Their naturally fragmented distributions across broad geographic landscapes have led to a complex array of smaller evolutionary ecosystems. Comprehensive biodiversity assessments of karst habitats have revealed that these ecosystems contain a high level of endemism. During a survey of cordycipi...

The breakdown of cellulose is one of the most important reactions in nature1,2 and is central to biomass conversion to fuels and chemicals³. However, the microfibrillar organization of cellulose and its complex interactions with other components of the plant cell wall poses a major challenge for enzymatic conversion⁴. Here, by mining the metagenomi...

Background The African migrating locust, known as Locusta migratoria migratorioides (Orthoptera: Acrididae), is a harmful pest that damages pastures and crops like millet, maize, beans, sweet potatoes, cassava, and vegetables. Two important fungi used for natural pest control are Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae . These fungi infect an...

Resin outpourings on conifers are a quite unique habitat occurring in nature. Conifer resins are composed mainly from monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and resin acids which are recalcitrant to microbial decomposition. Moreover, resins exhibit antimicrobial properties. Despite that, they are colonised by different microorganisms including fungi. They ar...

Trichoderma spp. are important biological control agents and plant growth promoters. However, only a limited number of species are used in biological control even though the genus contains more than 400 species, with most of them being mycotrophic. In this study, 97 Trichoderma isolates preserved at the EMBRAPA collection (an important source for b...

The research is about evalusating the compatibility of the local strains of P. persimilis and B. pseudobassianafor IPM programmes for the management of TSSM simultaneously with other arthropod pests.

Cordyceps militaris is a widely cultivated mushroom with multiple medicinal properties. However, the emergence of white mildew disease caused by Calcarisporium cordycipiticola has become a serious dilemma, leading to economic losses in its industrial production. The genome of Ca. cordycipiticola possesses more secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene...

The lettuce drop or white mold is an economically important disease as the causal fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum can infect the lettuce at any stage of plant development. Polyphagous nature of S. sclerotiorum, the longevity of soil-borne sclerotia and air-borne ascospores makes the control difficult. Chemical fungicides are available only for foli...

Clavicipitoid fungi, significant insect pathogens within the Ascomycetes, represent a diverse and complex group that includes genera such as Metarhizium, known for their biocontrol properties. These fungi are highly diverse yet frequently overlooked, resulting in many species remaining undiscovered and undescribed. This study unveils two notable fi...

Trichoderma, a prominent genus of fungi within the Hypocreales order, is widely used in agriculture due to its effectiveness in managing phytopathogens and insect pests. sect pests. Furthermore, Trichoderma species improve soil fertility and structure, playing a vital role in overall ecosystem health. The capacity of certain species to control spec...

Members of the genus Moelleriella (Hypocreales, Clavicipitaceae) are insect pathogens with specificity for scale insects and whiteflies. However, no mitochondrial genomes are available for these fungi. Here, we assembled seven mitogenomes from M. zhongdongii, M. libera, M. raciborskii, M. gracilispora, M. oxystoma, Moelleriella sp. CGMCC 3.18909, a...

Objective Clonostachys, a genus with rich morphological and ecological diversity in Bionectriaceae, has a wide distribution among diverse habitats. Several studies have reported Clonostachys fungi as effective biological agents against multiple fungal plant pathogens. To clarify the diversity and biocontrol mechanisms of the Clonostachys fungi, thi...

The karst region in southwestern China is one of the biodiversity hotspots in the world with rich fungal diversity but under-studied. Four fungal species belonging to Chlorocillium (Clavicipitaceae) and Gamszarella (Cordycipitaceae) were isolated from dead spiders. Morphological comparisons, phylogenetic analyses and a PHI analysis based on multige...

During a survey of fungi associated with Pará rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, fungal masses that grew on old rubber latex were collected and isolated. Based on DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer ribosomal RNA locus (ITS), the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (LSU), partial translation elongation factor 1-...

Trichoderma protrudens Samuels & P. Chaverri was originally described from the trunk of Theobroma cacao L. in Kerala, India, in 2008. Morphologically, it is defined by trichoderma‑like conidiophores bearing subulate or lageniform phialides, green subglobose to obovoidal conidia, and the presence of chlamydospores in culture. Multilocus phylogenetic...

The pine processionary moth (PPM), Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Tams. (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae), is an important forest pest in the Mediterranean region. This study demonstrated for the first time the biocontrol potential of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) isolated from pine forest soils on Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni. The identity of five isolates obtained...

The Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC) encompasses a diverse array of more than 80 phylogenetic species with both phytopathological and clinical importance. A stable taxonomy is crucial for species in the FFSC due to their economical relevance. Fungal strains used in this study were obtained from Castanea mollissima and Rubus lambertianus, c...

During investigations of freshwater fungi in Hunan and Yunnan provinces, China, Chaetopsina yunnanensis sp. nov. (Nectriaceae), Parafuscosporella hunanensis sp. nov. (Fuscosporellaceae), and Pleurotheciella yunnanensis sp. nov. (Pleurotheciaceae) were discovered on submerged decaying wood and branches. Based on phylogenetic analyses, C. yunnanensis...

Farm forests are the privately-owned forest patches, which forms an integral part of farmer's livelihood. However, study of biodiversity of these forests has been largely neglected, where macrofungi are also one of the important treasures of these forests. The study was aimed to explore macrofungal diversity in the farm forests in Sandakpur-3, Kosh...

Los gorgojos o picudos (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), son insectos plaga de importancia que afectan diversos agroecosistemas productivos en zonas tropicales. En Panamá, los cultivos de plátano y banano (Musaceae), son estratégicos tanto para el comercio nacional como para las agroexportaciones; siendo ambos rubros afectados por especies como Cosmopol...

Trichoderma is a widely distributed thermophilic fungus that grows on moist soil, fallen leaves, and rotten wood. It plays an important role in agricultural production, food processing, and soil. However, some forms of Trichoderma can infect humans. Aggressive infections are more common in immunocompromised patients, with manifestations ranging fro...

The Cordycipitaceae family of insecticidal fungi is widely distributed in nature, is the most complex in the order Hypocreales (Ascomycota), with members displaying a diversity of morphological characteristics and insect host ranges. Based on Bayesian evolutionary analysis of five genomic loci(the small subunit of ribosomal RNA (SSU) gene, the larg...

Lichen-inhabiting (lichenicolous) fungi comprise a considerable portion of the Hypocreales ( Sordariomycetes ), their placement and phylogenetic relationships within the order remain largely unknown due to a lack of available molecular data. This study focuses mainly on tropical lichenicolous hypocrealean fungi which were neglected for a long time....

Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner, 1808) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a significant agricultural pest with resistance to conventional synthetic insecticides. The present study, conducted in 2024 at Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Biological Control Laboratory, investigated the pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Cord...

In this work, the ability of certain entomopathogenic fungi to control the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae), which significantly affects olive cultivation, was assessed. First, entomopathogenic fungi that often contribute to reducing pests, as well as B. oleae, were sought out. Puparia of B. oleae were collected from oil mill...

The ascomycete family Nectriaceae includes soil-borne saprobes, plant pathogens and human pathogens, biodegraders, and biocontrol agents for industrial and commercial applications. Cinnamomum camphora is a native tree species that is widely planted in southern China for landscaping purposes. During a routine survey of Eucalyptus diseases in souther...