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Hyperspectral Imaging - Science topic

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2025 2nd International Conference on Remote Sensing and Global Positioning Algorithm (RSGPA 2025) will be held on June 20-22, 2025 in Leshan, China.
Conference Website: https://ais.cn/u/vu2mia
---Call For Papers---
The topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to:
1. Remote Sensing
Hyperspectral Image Processing
Optical Remote Sensing
Microwave Remote Sensing
Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Environment
Remote Sensing Information Engineering
......
2. Algorithms for Global Positioning
High Performance Computing
Data Structures
Advanced Numerical Algorithms
Stochastic Algorithms
Quantum Computing
......
---Publication---
All papers, both invited and contributed, will be reviewed by two or three expert reviewers from the committees. After a careful reviewing process, all the accepted papers of RSGPA 2025 will be published on conference proceedings and will be submitted to EI Compendex, Scopus for indexing.
---Important Dates---
Full Paper Submission Date: May 18, 2025
Registration Deadline: June 11, 2025
Final Paper Submission Date: June 13, 2025
Conference Dates: June 20-22, 2025
--- Paper Submission---
Please send the full paper(word+pdf) to Submission System:
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Li Yuan Como geógrafo especializado en Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG), considero que la RSGPA 2025 representa una plataforma esencial para consolidar el diálogo entre la ciencia del espacio y las necesidades humanas sobre el territorio. Los avances en teledetección, combinados con algoritmos cada vez más precisos de posicionamiento global, nos están permitiendo no solo observar la superficie terrestre con detalle sin precedentes, sino también modelar, predecir y actuar con mayor responsabilidad y eficiencia.
Hoy más que nunca, necesitamos herramientas que nos permitan anticipar amenazas climáticas, gestionar recursos de forma equitativa y comprender las dinámicas socioespaciales con rigor científico. Desde la agricultura de precisión hasta la planificación urbana sostenible, el cruce entre la teledetección y los SIG abre caminos reales hacia una gestión territorial más justa, resiliente y regenerativa.
Mi interés particular se centra en cómo estas tecnologías pueden ayudar a empoderar a las comunidades locales mediante mapas dinámicos, monitoreo participativo y modelos predictivos de cambio de uso de suelo. La ciencia debe estar al servicio de la vida, y conferencias como esta permiten construir puentes entre el conocimiento técnico y los desafíos sociales contemporáneos.
🔍 Estoy entusiasmado por compartir hallazgos, aprender de colegas internacionales y, sobre todo, contribuir a una geografía aplicada que mire el futuro con datos, pero sin perder de vista lo humano.
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Hello Everyone,
I was reading an article about HSI (hyperspectral imaging)and came across figures representing surface scores for each PC. What do these figures represent?
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These figures show PCA scores projected onto their corresponding pixels.
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Working in hyperspectral remote sensing? You can publish your work in this special issue! Discounts are available!
Extended deadline for manuscript submissions is 15 March 2024.
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ok
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Hyperspectral Imaging, Hyperspectral Classification, Statistical Test
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Hi
There are several reasons why statistical tests might not be applied:
1. Sample Size and Variability.
2. Marginal Improvements.
3. Computational Complexity.
4. Focus on Other Metrics.
5. Methodological Preference.
6. Lack of Standardization.
generally considered good practice to apply statistical tests in such scenarios to rigorously validate the results
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Hello, Dear scientific community,
I want to delineate hydrothermal alteration zones using an RGB Band combination on ASTER data. I've already consulted the literature on this topic and I found that 468 is the most relevant band combination for alteration and lithology discrimination. but I want to know if is there any mathematical method to calculate and select the most appropriate band combination.
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You can apply PCA using the ASTER bands. Also, you can try to calculate feature importance using the raster values that can be extracted from different ASTER bands after a visual inspection of various color composite images (ASTER bands and PC bands). From the analysis of feature importance, you could get an idea of best optimum bands that can be used for your study. Mohammed Jalal Tazi
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Which bands are suitable to choose as RGB, Moreover should it convert to gray in calculations or use band to band evaluate? I would appreciate to guide me.
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The RGB bands should be in line with the CIE color space. The choice of bands depends on your purpose. For a rough evaluation, it can be enough to use 400 nm - 500 nm for blue, 500 nm - 600 nm for green, and 600 nm - 700 nm for red. If you have broadband white illumination (e.g., daylight) and everyday objects, it may even be enough to pick just three very narrow bands, e.g., at 450 nm, 550 nm, and 650 nm, for an approximate color representation. For a more precise evaluation, look at how CIE color space can be transformed into sRGB color space. Your specific method of analysis depends on your input data and your purpose.
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Hello every one, in my  current research, i am working with AVIRIS data for rock mapping and also mineral prospectivity determination by mineral potential zones mapping. In this case there are lot of issues  regarding data processing and interpretations, I have applied MNF, CEM SID but i did not make a good result in output. so in this regard if anyone can help me , i will be highly obliged...thank you
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Non-Invasive Skin Cancer Diagnosis Using Hyperspectral Imaging
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Thank you very much for your help but I am looking for multispectral or hyperspectral skin images, however the ISIC images are of the RGB type. Thanks again
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Hi,
i am working on plant stress detection using HSI, can any suggest where datasets is availsble or send plants Hyperspectral Image Datasets. It's helpful for my further research.
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Thanks for response sir,
i need maize or wheat plants hyperspectral image dataset.
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A ground truth map is essential for supervised classification of hyperspectral image cube .However, data resources are limited, up till now, almost all the papers I've read use the Indian Pine, Washington D.C.Mall, Salinas, Pavia University. It seems all we have are the four or five sets of data cube. With the development of state-of-art algorithms for hyperspectral image classification, data should be updated too. Hope anybody can provide me new data with Ground truth map, or recommend me a website to download.
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Hi, I am currently willing to work in Hyperspectral image classification. I am a beginner in the research domain. Please Anyone suggests narrow down the latest trends suitable for further work. Please help me in that matter.
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Hyperspectral Document Image processing for Writer Identification
Ink Mismatch Detection using Hyperspectral Document Imaging
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This preprint compares the most advanced automated commercial analysis approaches for vibrational spectroscopy including Bruker Lumos II in combination with Purency Microplastics Finder R2021a (FPA-FTIR), Agilent 8700 LDIR (QCL) in combination with Clarity, and WITec alpha300 R in combination with Particle Scout.
Its really worth reading.
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Thanks for sharing
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Hello everyone,
I captured some images from of hyperspectal imaging system. My final aim to identify the material composition from the images. However before that i need to perform some image preprocessing like
calibration, noise removal, feature extraction , dimensionality reduction. can you please suggest some code or routine to the do these task?
Also after this task, i wanted to apply classification algorithm so it can detect the material from it
Can you guys tell me a way to do in the Matlab. Thanks a ton.
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hi kristen,
first off, just don't do it in matlab. I did similar processing for my phd work in matlab. I eventually got the results I needed but it was very very slow. also we did not have a lot of alternatives back then. I am aware things got faster and better within the last 10-15 years but matlab should not be your choice for processing large multi-dimensional data. have a look at python libraries. if you have coding skills definitely go with c/c++. most of the stuff you will be doing is linear algebra and there are very good (fast and accurate, gpu accelerated) libraries - free.
regarding your hyperspectal images, are they reflectance or radiance images? if they are radiance images, do you have an accurate model of your illuminating source?
next processing. you mention
1. calibration: see above. regardless of the sw tools you prefer, you will also need a good model of your sensor.
2. noise removal: I don't have much experience in this but you should probably check IEEE transactions papers for "hyperspectral image denoising". also I know it sounds cheesy but google is your friend.
3. feature extraction: see above. also, I would definitely check CNN based approaches. I have been seeing many papers on this recently.
4. dimensionality reduction: ICA and PCA. PCA is pretty much trivial unless you pick a really bad sw platform.
5. classification: your should probably start with Gaussian mixture modeling and use some thresholding based on an appropriate distance measure (mahalanobis maybe?) for classification. if you believe you have discriminative features, SVM should be your starting point. if you do not want to go down the classical way, there is some active research on applying deep learning on hyperspectral data (restoration, super-resolution, ...) you should definitely read.
good luck.
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I believe that we need to share our experience in publishing in the field of Hyperspectral Imaging or remote sensing? What is the best journal that you publish with? What is the worst experience did you have? Why don't we have a society for researchers who are interested in that field and collaborate with each other?
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IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING MAGAZINE
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Full-time, benefited position with the Department of Viticulture & Enology/Viticulture and Enology Research Center through the California State University, Fresno Foundation. The Department of Viticulture & Enology/Viticulture and Enology Research Center is seeking a PostDoctoral Scholar who is experienced in computer vision or remote sensing and is passionate about Machine learning/Deep learning, automated and digital agriculture, and chemometrics. We are interested in working with a motivated scholar who can think creatively and practically about production-oriented remote sensing and “big data” applications in agriculture. Strong quantitative background is preferred (as demonstrated by publications), experience with unmanned aerial vehicle and hands-on electronic ability is a plus. This position is based within the Department of Viticulture & Enology/Viticulture and Enology Research Center, through the California State University, Fresno Foundation. The selected candidate will also have the opportunity to collaborate nationwide with scholars from other universities (Cornell, UC ANR) within multi-institution projects funded from USDA, CDFA and CSU-ARI. Within overarching project goals, the candidate will have intellectual freedom to develop and pursue the research directions they find most interesting. Mentorship will focus on helping the candidate meet their professional development goals, whether in academia or elsewhere. The position is 100% time (40 hours per week), benefited, and funded for 12 months initially, may be renewed based on funding and contingent on satisfactory progress.
PLEASE FIND THE FULL CALL AT THIS LINK:
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Hi, Dear Luca
I suggest you join the below website:
and also you can search on Twitter!
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I am looking for a tutorial or course to learn how to open, visualize , process hyperspectral images in .hdr , .raw format using python. Any recommendation for a tutorial is appreciated ?
Thank you in advance
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The module 'spectral' can do that. Have a look at http://www.spectralpython.net/
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I have hyperspectral data of Indian pines and the ground truth related to that. Now I want the spectral signature(information) of the material present in the Indian pines. I have tried searching the standard libraries like NASA's JPL but some materials more precisely plants like alfalfa are not present in there. can anyone help?
indian pines source
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Did you get the spectral signature of the ground truth of the Indiana pines data set.
please share it with me. I will be highly grateful to you.@
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I've come across a couple of publicly available hyperspectral image datasets from the website http://www.ehu.eus/ccwintco/index.php/Hyperspectral_Remote_Sensing_Scenes
Now, my concern is regarding whether or not we can use these datasets directly for building machine learning based models.
Are these datasets geometrically and atmospherically correct? Or do these datasets further require atmospheric and geometric corrections prior to building any machine learning based model?
Also, how can one be assured that a captured hyperspectral image scene is atmospherically and geometrically correct?
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You didn't provided sufficient information, therefore I am constrained to assume that you are intending to work with an independent HS image. So, if you are going to analyse spectral values within a single scene of a single time, DN values would serve the purpose. You should apply atmospheric correction in case you are interested to derive vegetation indices such as NDVI for their onward use as supplementary information aimed for optimising model performance. Similarly geometric correction is considered when image is required to be registered with master image (e.g. in change detection) or needed to be adjusted with available GCPs to maintain precision and accuracy standards.
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Spaceborne Hyperspectral observation (i.e. hyperspectral remote sensing in uv-visible-infrared spectral range) of Earth and for Planetary science, plays a very important role in improving scientific understanding, environmental and resource monitoring.
Signal to Noise ratio (SNR) is a very important parameter (or quality metric) of any Hyperspectral instrument indicating its potential to meets its desired observational goals.
Due to demanding need on higher spectral and spatial resolutions, it become challenging to good / high SNR to meet the desired observational goals.
In view of this I wish to discuss or seek suggestions of various options or ideas by which SNR of Hyperspectral instrument can be improved. Ideas or options may be either for instrument design aspects or for image or data processing aspects.
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I need to get a satellite image from a site in the northern part of Iran for remote sensing research usage. I wonder where I can find such data?
A friend suggested these websites, but they didn't cover 1-meter hyperspectral imagery from the expected region: "Open Aerial Map, Google Earth Pro, Airbus."
The final goal is to collect data for ecological services calculation (O2 release Co2, No2, So2 absorbance) of vegetation of the specified region. If you know a better way to doing so, also very helpful.
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Matthew Mabey Thank so much, Matthew. It's very help full. I appreciate it a lot.
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I am looking for hyperspectral images from UAV that captured forest or forest plantation. Do you know about some source where I can download some examples?
Thank you
Martin
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Martin, check out the GatorEye dataset, they have amazing high-quality UAV-LiDAR, etc. data available for researchers! Please reach out to Dr. Eben to get more details.
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I am unable to proceed after loading the mat file. I have loaded the mat files of indian pine image and indian pine ground truth. How to proceed?
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Hyperspectral medical imaging, hyperspectral image for cancer/tumor detection
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Contact Prof. Ines Gockel at Leipzig University Department of Surgery
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Biomedical
Medical hyperspectral imaging
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I am using autoencoder networks for deep learning based feature extraction purpose for spectral images. For the time being, the number of hidden nodes in the network is randomly chosen.
Is there any way to optimize this parameter so that the best feature representation is achieved?
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There are some practical ways to determine the best size, but it all comes to evaluations. The general rule is the optimal size of the hidden layer is usually between the size of the input and size of the output layers.
In sum, for most problems, one could probably get decent performance (even without a second optimization step) by setting the hidden layer configuration using just two rules: (i) number of hidden layers equals one; and (ii) the number of neurons in that layer is the mean of the neurons in the input and output layers.
Jeff Heaton, author of Introduction to Neural Networks in Java offers a few more.
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Hyperspectral imaging is a widely used technology for industrial and scientific purposes, but the high cost and large size of commercial setups have made them impractical for most basic research, and this leads us to a continuous search for the best HSI-Cam that support field and lab conditions. Let's provide a comprehensive replies to this question to narrow our selection for the best!
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May be UAV IT180 (IMSI-Catcher signal intelligence module for UAV IT180 mini-drone), can do it.
But in Algeria, u Know, you need authorization ... !!!
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open source tool for Sensor error correction in Hyperspectral Image processing
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You could use a coding program such as python, create a script that will be able to batch process them provided you have the calibration data. This does also mean you would already know or willling learn the python language.
I don't use python currently but i know it can be done as i have done it in matlab (available in most acedemic intitutions but not open source ). Otherwise i would suggest matlab if you have it.
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Hey,
I am looking into the feasibility of attaching a Specim FX17 sensor to a multi rotor system.
Specs wise it looks possible, sensor is 1.4kg and Matrice M600 max payload is approx 15kg.
Does anyone have any experience?
Many thanks,
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As far as I understand from the documentation of the camera, it is recommended to use it stationary in the laboratory.
However, I think you can use this camera with a drone but it’s not so easy to do it. I have little experience installing cameras to the drone in non-standard conditions.
First of all, you need to think about the power supply, this camera needs 12 DC. You can attach the additional battery. But, it seems the input of the connector for the lipo-battery will be difficult to find. Also, you can use a power source hub kit for M600, with a voltage converter if needed.
The most important thing is the GPS system. I am not sure about your sensor, but to use it with a drone you need georeference data on your image, I guess. I have experienced to work only with sensors that have a GPS antenna on board.
I think the manufacturer of these sensors should have a set to connect to the drone, since initially I do not see options for the simple use of these sensors with UAVs.
Thank you.
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I am looking for free Hyperspectral Image datasets on agricultural area containing reflectance values in .mat format. Can anyone please suggest any such datasets?
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Dr. Ernest Bonah … Thank you so much for your nice answer
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Is Raman-Spectroscopy equaly limited in the detection dark/black materials as NIR-Spectroscopy?
Are there already Raman-Spectrometers with HSI (Hyperspectral Imaging) like possibilities available?
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Is Raman-Spectroscopy equaly limited in the detection dark/black materials as NIR-Spectroscopy?
Indeed, black samples are often problematic in Raman spectroscopy. Nevertheless we must always try because it is not systematic.
Are there already Raman-Spectrometers with HSI (Hyperspectral Imaging) like possibilities available?
As of this date, there is no hyperspectral imaging system. It's hard to believe that there will ever be one because Raman spectroscopy is really not efficient and we often have to make long acquisitions to get a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio.
Best regards,
Ludovic.
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I am working on hyperspectral image classification. I have just started my work but don't know how to load and process hyperspectral images in Matlab. Please help me.
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You can try this fcn of MATLAB image processing toolbox:
Also, you can try this 3rd party fcns:
Good luck.
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In the paper "Design Goals and solutions for display of hyperspectral images" by N.Jacobson, a method for enhancing CIE_1931 CMF beyond visible range is described but I am not sure how it can be implemented in MATLAB. 
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How to directly get First Derivative band images from hyperspectral reflectance band images (0 to 288 bands) using ENVI software or band math??
1. I have the stacked reflectance 288 bands in a .dat file.
2. I want to know how to convert reflectance spectral bands to first derivative reflectance spectral bands using by software e.g. ENVI, ArcGIS, IDL, Matlab, Savitzky–Golay transfromation, and so on.
Thanks in advance and cheers.
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you can use HSI analyser BY insuzu optics
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I have an aviris dataset with 776 samples, 21576 lines and 224 bands. It is difficult reading this into matlab as i run into memory issues. AM taking of the possibility of a dimensionality reduction technique without loosing the information in the data. Can anyone please suggest the best way to go about this.
many thanks and best regards
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Hi,
I am working on hyperspectral image analysis. I want to apply PCA on my hyperspectral dataset to reduce spectral dimensions. My question is Why do we need to center the hyperspectral data(mean subtraction) before applying Principal component analysis(PCA)? Is this step is mandatory? What will happen if we did not center the hyperspectral data before applying PCA.
When i googled about this I got following links.
From these links, I feel data centering is required to maintain same scale for all features before applying PCA. But coming to hyperspectral data cube, generally all spectral bands will be in same scale.
So, Do we need to center the hyperspectral data before applying Principal component analysis(PCA)?? What will happen if we did not center the hyperspectral data?
Thanks.
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How to download a hyperspectral soil image containing different types of soils and organic content
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Transflectance
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"Transflection" is not a common terminology in spectroscopy, but it is limitedly used in a community of microscopic spectroscopy. When a reflection measurement is performed on a dielectric (nonmetallic) surface, the measurement is defined as "external reflection," and the spectrum should be with the unit of "reflection absorbance." Regardless, when the angle of incidence is small and close to zero, e.g. 10 degree, the measurement is sometimes called "transreflection" measurement.
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I want to develop 4D compression scheme for the 4D data.
I want to know from where I should get the same.
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The Hyperion provides a high resolution hyperspectral imager capable of resolving 220 spectral bands (from 0.4 to 2.5 µm) with a 30-meter resolution. The instrument can image a 7.5 km by 100 km land area per image, and provide detailed spectral mapping across all 220 channels with high radiometric accuracy.
You can get detail information here,
You can download Hyperion data via USGS data download server
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Hi,
There are spectra collected by asd spectroradiometer in lab environment with one source lamp on. Snapshot imaging done on the same sample with a different source lamp in the same lab environment. Extracted spectra from the snapshot images and continuum removed spectra of both asd and snapshot are compared. Although they match in absorption features, they show a certain difference in the spectra. How will I model it? Is there a way to do some quantitative analysis between the spetra of these two sensors. Attached are the images of plots showing thick lines representing asd and dashed lines representing the snapshot imager. The samples used were different beach sand samples.
Regards,
Sundara
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Can you please provide me the remote sensing sattelite data set for landcover change analysis of sundarban mangrove forest bd,india location ?
If possible then send me the prepossessed dataset in TIFF or MAT format.
You can provide me the source link..
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DigitalGlobe "open Data Program" has very good high resolution images of India check it out https://www.digitalglobe.com/opendata/flooding-in-india/pre-event
And also you can download free data sets from Copernicus scihub (SAR (Sentinel-1A) and optical Sentinel-2) and usgs earthexplorer (Landsat TM, ETM and OLI).
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In continuation of "finding datasets for research" We further request you to provide leaf datasets of Hyperspectral Images for the purpose of our Project.This would greatly help us to further make our project successful. 
Please do us the needful at the earliest possible.
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Hyper spectral Database you can get from IIT institute.
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hello
i am working with hyperspectral pixel mixtures and i want to create a netowkr that maps the abundance values of the mixtures to the spectral signatures.
Basically my input vector is 1x11 and output vector is 1x91
1x11 represents the mixture values for example [0.25,0,0,0.5,0,0,0,0.25,0,0,0] and the output label is the 1x91 spectral values or a 1x91 dimensional vector of normalized values
As you can see the input values contain many zeros and i want to create a mapping between these input mixture values to the output reflectance values.
Should i use dense layers in this case or approach it in another way?
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Hi Muneeb,
As very often, several architectures are possible to address your problem.
I suggest you the following publications for a quick but detailed overview:
Regards
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There are two objectives of the segmentation by using R as follows:
Extracting the data of the 10 objects and store in an excel file from an hyperspectral image containing 10 objects of different shape and size.
After objects data extraction from the hyperspectral image, the excel file data will be numbered automatically the objects data to relevant objects i.e. object 1, object 2, ...................object 10.
thanks for any help and suggestion
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Thanks, Claudia, for asking further minute details. Sorry, for delayed response as I felt severely sick and bedridden from last few weeks. Answer to your questions are:
Q.1. Whether you want to find bad spots on potatoes?
A.1. I just want to know that the potatoes are infected or not.
Q.2. Whether each potato as a whole is considered good/bad?
A.2. Each potato as a whole is considered as good/bad.
Q.3. What extent of bad spots would make the whole potato bad?
A.3. Their is no measure of the extent during hyper spectral analysis, least infection by disease will classify that potato as bad potato.
Q.4. Are you taking potatoes or potato plants ?
A.4. I am taking whole potatoes for my experiments.
Could you please advise more in details that how can I segment the potatoes from background.
I already worked on some of wavelength and successfully differentiated good and bad potatoes.
Thanks again for your help.
Thanks
Abhimanyu
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I have a HYSI image from the NRSC-ISRO site. I want to read the GeoTiff file. I also have images from USGS.
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%File path
filepath='D:\image full path';
%Read GTiff
[image,geo]=geotiffread(filepath);
%Read info
info=geotiffinfo(filepath);
imshow(filepath)
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* i have collected soil samples during hyperion pass over the study area and chemical analysis was done.
* Lab spectral signatures has not taken.
* How can i correlate the chemical analysis results to hyperion data after preprocessing?
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You need to model multi-variate regression (PLSR/PCR) between each laboratory obtained soil nutrient data of the sample points, keeping as dependent variable (Y) and spectral reflectance of the sampling points obtained from HYPERION data as independent variable (X). One usually predicts the nutrient value from the relationship between X and Y and cross-validates the predicted value through examining the precision of fit in linear regression between the actual and predicted values of nutrient.
You can learn about the MATLAB implementation of PLSR/PCR from the following link:
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I want to obtain the multispectral image correspond to the hyperspectral image, but I don't know the spectral response function of EO-1 Ali, I need help.
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I am doing research in content based image retrieval using hyperspectral image. I seen many of the websites block the hyperspectral image. Can someone send me link in hyperspectral image dataset.
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You can download both multispectral as well as hyperspectral datasets from this link..
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Mixed pixels-based classification is my research area; I want to know trends of this.
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Processing starts with correction and further with image fusion
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For hyperspectral image, each spectral curve represents the reflectance of a region, but there are several endmembers in the region, I can get the ratio value of each endmember, I want to obtain the reflection of each endmemer.
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See the paper for basic hyperspectral data processing and analysis
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I using GANs for classification in my project .
I am working with keras ...
Did you implement the code related with this article in keras ?
The code is public somewhere ?
Thanks in advance,
Rui
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Dear Rui,
I have checked the paper previously and the approach looks similar to a conventional GAN. Please find an easy to follow tutorials https://towardsdatascience.com/deep-generative-models-25ab2821afd3 https://myurasov.github.io/2017/09/24/wasserstein-gan-keras.html https://github.com/soumith/ganhacks.
Best regards,
Jose
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What is the tentative cost of Hyperspectral Imaging Camera?
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Right.
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I have a image dataset (hyperspectral) & i am using matlab as a tool. I want to implement the PCA on this hyperpspectral image dataset.
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Here is a very good source of PCA including presentation and source code Presentation Principal Component Analysis (PCA) : An Overview Article Principal component analysis - a tutorial Alaa
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While spatial, spectral and temporal advantages of multitemporal hyperspectral sounder (SAR) images provide opportunities for advancing the compression and classification techniques. So I need multitemporal remote sensing SAR images for evaluating the performance of my 4D compression techniques. Currently, I evaluate my methods by multitemporal multiapectral data.
So, if you know the source of Multitemporal SAR images then please give the link here.
Thanks & Regards
Masud Ibn Afjal
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Dear Researchers,
Does anyone know where can I find a HSI database for any object or material, but with more than 25 spectral images (i.e. 25 *x*y*lambda)?
It would be nice, if somebody could propose a HSI database for agricultural, medical, food, and circuits. Thanks!
Feel free to share your database with me, I have no problem to cite your database.
Thanks in advance.
Best, Vivek
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Hi All, I tried to put all the references to the publicly available hyperspectral datasets. I hope it is of help, incase if I'm missing some, please let me know, I can update it. Thanks
best, Vivke
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I found this book " Hyperspectral Image Processing" , written by Liguo Wang e Chunhui Zhao (2015). I don't know if it is well focused to the maximization of satellite multispectral images (atmosphere corrections, orthorectification, etc.) and the endmembers comparison. Also, the edition of this book is 2015, and I would like to know if there are more recent books regarding such topics.
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For hyperspectral data, I want to do spectral unmixing,but then a pixel include several endmembers, does there any ways or algorithms to determine the location of endmembers?
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You mean if the pixel is mixed
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Hi,
While using the HySpex camera, I am facing the problem of Keystone distortion across the scan line. Although I am using the camera for close range imaging, this is a well-known problem in remote sensing community and therefore, I will appreciate if someone can help me to correct it. I have the sensor model file as well, but I am not sure how to use it for correction...
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I noticed this post and would like to make some clarifying remarks from HySpex. As Haris correctly explained in his last post, the initial issue he raised had nothing to do with keystone (which is very small in our cameras….typically less than +\- 10 % of a pixel), but rather a variation in pixel size across the FOV which is normal to a large or small degree in any camera. The described variation in pixel size is characterized in great detail during production and these data (the sensor model) are supplied with the camera (along with all the other calibration data, detailed test report, etc), allowing the user to manipulate the data and sampling grid as preferred.
It should be straightforward to resample the images to get equal pixel size, e.g. in MatLab (by using the sensor model data).
So far, no-one else in our customer base has requested a dedicated SW tool to do this kind of resampling, so writing a MatLab script was what we originally proposed by email before the question was posted. Since we heard nothing after suggesting that, we assumed the problem had been solved and were a bit surprised that it was brought up in this forum, and even more surprised that it referred to a keystone effect.
For our airborne users, the sensor model has always been used directly in the georeferencing SW (e.g. PARGE) to georeference the data and resample to the chosen map grid, but the PARGE is not directly suitable for lab applications.
Based on Haris’ need, we have now developed a simple resampling SW tool for this purpose to use for lab measurements.
But we fully support Luis Alonso's approach as explained above....better to resample the processed data to the preferred grid after the data analysis, in order to preserve the best quality and full integrity of the data you are analyzing.
Regarding the “distortion” mentioned in the last post, this is could be due to a combination of sub-optimal acquisition settings (e.g. speed) and that the square samples were not aligned with the scan axis (which makes the object look skewed) during the scan. The camera could also be mounted with the linear FOV not being perpendicular to the scan axis, and/or the sample could have some height different from one end to the other. It seems like it has been elegantly solved in SW by Haris, but it is of course better to take care of this during the acquisition!
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The fusion of panchromatic images, providing high spatial resolution and multi/hyperspectral images of lower spatial, but high spectral resolution, is well known under the term of pansharpening. In several talks, I've often noted the statement, that spectral overlapping of PAN and MS/HS sensors is a requirement to apply pansharpening approaches. I would like to ask whether this spectral overlap is a strict and general requirement or if a high correlation of spatial information between a PAN image and upscaled MS/HS band visualizations or components is sufficient? Does it depend on the choice of the algorithm (CS, MRA) ? Looking forward to your answers. Kind regards, Chris.
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Dear Christoph,
As you correctly state yourself: pansharpening is an approach in which the spatial information of a high resolution panchromatic image is integrated with the spectral information from an image with a lower spatial resolution. However, panchromatic fusion can be accomplished by many different techniques, of which the IHS (Intensity Hue Saturation) pansharpening is the most used one.
Exactly this IHS pansharpening approach is very sensitive to colour or spectral distortion. This is because the RGB image is in most cases not an image created by spectral data from the visible Red, Green and Blue bands (but for instance a false colour image consisting of a red, near-infrared and thermal band). Second, the RGB to HIS transform is relying on the HIS or HSL or HSV colour models. All three are very simple and old colour models in which the intensity channel is seriously flawed in respect to human perception. This means that the HIS transform does not really properly separate the intensity component from the chromatic components of the image. As a result, considerable spectral distortion will occur if the spectral range of the three bands of the colour composite image are very different from the range of the panchromatic band.
Besides, there is also the very popular Brovey pansharpening approach. It achieves a similar result to that of the IHS pansharpening, it is just much faster. However, it also can introduce colour distortion.
Some of these fusion approaches use image histogram matching and channel normalisation to get imagery with less spectral differences from the original one, whereas others do not. So, very often, it is difficult to accurately compare pansharpening algorithms and depending upon the imagery, the algorithm and the use of histogram matching and channel normalisation, spectral distortion can be more or less pronounced.
There have been some developments in pansharpening to achieve a decent and robust preservation of the spectral characteristics of the colour image. One category is wavelet-based pansharpening, while another is Principal Component Analysis (PCA) based. Third, there is the smoothing filter‐based intensity modulation (SFIM) (Liu, J.G. 2000. Smoothing filter-based intensity modulation: A spectral preserve image fusion technique for improving spatial details. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 21 (18), 3461–3472. ).
However, SFIM is based on a model of the solar radiation, so the technique is not applicable to pansharpen images with different imaging and illumination geometry.
I hope that helps a bit.
Cheers,
Geert
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Hyperspectral Image Analysis - Two Assumptions:
1. Existence of Pure Pixel
2. Absence of pure pixel (Presence of mixel pixels alone)
Moreover, mixed Pixed - Can use either Linear Mixture Model/ Non-Linear Mixing Model  for unmixing.
My query is:
  - Pure Pixel Assumption : Does it comes under Hyperspectral Unmixing problem?
  -whether  Xi = Sai + ni => Linear Mixing Formula has to be considered for Pure Pixel Assumption problems.
Kindly clarify my doubts.
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I am not at all performing classification. My concentration is on identifying pure pixels and finding the endmember of those pure pixels identified.
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When I am viewing cuprite data in matlab, the pixel values were like 0.0086, -0.0046, 0.0121. 
I am using the cuprite dataset(f970619t01p02r02 data set - reflectance), which is availble in http://aviris.jpl.nasa.gov/data/free_data.htmlwebsite.
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I would simply follow the advice of Prof. Giakos in this regard. Making -0.1241  = 0.1241 is a wrong assumption. This would in turn lead you to incorrect interpretation while comparing with reference spectra.
Generally in multi-spectral remote sensing data -ve surface reflectance values are present in shadow regions or over objects with very low reflectance or it may be due to insufficient data or errors in atmospheric correction or sensor issues etc. Therefore, I replace these -ve reflectance values with 'NoData' or create a mask so that those pixels are ignored while performing any quantitative analysis. I assume something similar can be done with Hyper-spectral data.
You can also briefly look at what those -ve reflectance values represent in the hyper-spectral data. AVIRIS Cuprite is a well known and frequently used hyper-spectral data, you will surely find clues on how researchers have handled the processing of -ve reflectance values in literature. 
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PPI is one of the endmember extraction algorithms. I want to know, under which category does PPI algorithm comes in? Supervised or Unsupervised?
Please reply ASAP...
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Dear Graceline,
PPI is a Blind Hyperspectral Unmixing algorithm (BHU, i.e. an unsupervised learning method). it is based on a LMM (Linear Mixing Model) with the Pure-Pixel assumption.
PPI is used to blindly extract a subset of feature endmembers from a spectrum collection. From this subset, a spectral mapping may be generated, either by directly computing the spectral abundances associated with the original spectra or by correlating the found endmembers with some known true spectral signatures by means of Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM).
Spectral Mapping/Matching based on SAM Score ( http://www.hgimaging.com/PDF/Kruse_SIP_RSE93.pdf ) is considered itself as a supervised method as soon as it requires the knowledge of some true predefined spectral signatures (groundtruth derived from a library typically).
I suggest that you follow some valuable reviews about Spectral/Multi-Spectral/Hyper-Spectral Imaging:
About fast implementations of PPI:
About Spectral Matching:
Best Regards
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I want to generate the test & train data samples from the hyperspectral image of indian pines & pavia university.
I also want to know a single pixel have multiple values due to bands. Which value is taking for training & testing process.
I am using Matlab as a simulation tool.
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A different sampling method.
Pixels selected for training, classification model applied on all the images and 50 pixels per image were randomly selected as ground truth.
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I am trying to extract urban trees what method I can use apart from supervised classification? is there VI that can be used apart from NDVI. I am particularly looking for automated method.
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Kohonen Self Organization Map can be useful for classification based on remote sensing image using unsupervised approach:
Review of Self-Organizing Map Applications in Meteorology and Oceanography, Yonggang Liu 2011
Hierarchical Mixed Topological Maps Ndèye Niang, Mory Ouattara ;http://editions-rnti.fr/?inprocid=1001884
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I want to know the maximum possible value at each of the 220 spectral bands of AVIRIS? is there a way to know it? FWHM is available but i dont understand what is it??
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What is the source and the current level (L1 or L2 or L3) of the AVIRIS data that you are using? Do you have any other information in the metadata regarding the units? Is it in raw DN values or Radiance or Reflectance? Depending on the level of the data the units would differ and therefore the min-max data value range. For example, the Surface Reflectance product typically has data values ranging from 0 to 1 (unitless). Attached links might be helpful.
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For quantitative purposes, hyperspectral imaging seems to lead to a bigger prediction error when comparing its prediction ability to traditional NIR instruments. Despite its advantages and potential, this seems to me a relevant issue for a full implementation of this technology. 
Which factors are in your opinion the most important ones in leading to lower performance? There might be the effect of sample position, illumination condition, the difference which is obtained when looking at single pixel level or averaging areas (especially when applying the calibrations!), the fact that the sample is moving (in a push-broom system, for example), and further error is obtained when looking at single objects instead of average batches.
Thus, are there actual benefits of using HSI over traditional instrumentation to study the composition of food and agricultural products? 
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There are many factors affecting the accuracy of VNIR hyperspectral imaging. 
First is your samples and the way you do the reference analysis. Let's suppose you are working on kernels to measure for example N content. How many kernels do you use for measuring N content using your ref method? If 5 kernels, then you should use the average spectra of all the 5 kernels to correlate to the reference N (There are more approaches but I think this is the best for linear models). 
Second, your camera properties. I mean resolution and spectral range of your camera? Smaller resolution and wider range are more favourable.
Third, outlier detection and data pre-processing are so important. Dimension reduction and/ band selection also improve the accuracy of the models. 
Fourth, the model you use for calibration. Is that a linear model or a non-linear? Most of the times linear models fit well to your data but sometimes you need to use nonlinear models.  
The number of the samples you are using for calibration is also important more specifically when you are using machine learning models such as ANN.
Once you develop the model, then you can use any pixel for prediction in new samples. Even you can use this system Real time. 
Hope I could add anything to what you already know. 
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I have the ground truth map of indian pine and the pavia university images, but this ground truth is for classification not for segmentation
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Hi Tabia,
As an alternative in a segmentation context, I suggest you look at this paper: http://www5.informatik.uni-erlangen.de/Forschung/Publikationen/2013/Jordan13-MCF.pdf
Here is a excerpt from this paper: "We test our algorithms on the CAVE multispectral image database [8]...  Ground-truth data for evaluation of a global clustering is not available and would be very difficult to obtain. Therefore we mostly rely on qualitative evaluation of the segmentation results."
Hoping it will be helpful to you.
Regards
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the current cloud removal algorithms are almost aim to the multispectral or pan remote sensing image,i want to know that does these methods suitable for hyperspectral image.
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If you want to generate method  or algorithm for cloud removal, you may learn about atmospheric window and its interaction with electromagnetic wave. Then, check and learn about EM range of the hyperspectral satelit sensor that used.
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I am looking for a microscope for hyperspectral image in UV and visible; and is a little dificult to identify some characteristics of the detector . I know that the signal noise can be low and the optics poor to measure small bands 
there is no meaning have a high signal/noise camera and a poor optic and poor wavelength selection 
I am using the reference Medical hyperspectral imaging: a review
Guolan Lu
Baowei Fe
thank you
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If you want to use a photomicroscope to a test, .I let one Zeiss  in FCFRP-USP, with Dr. Pedro da Rocha (Depto. Ciências Farmaceuticas) when I left the University. 
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Recently, I have completed a research work on the application of spectral imaging for classification of browning level of development in button mushroom. The paper is currently under evaluation for possible publication in a scholarly journal. In the 2nd round of review process, one of the referees asked me to make some modifications on the paper as bellow:
"Many studies show that ks algorithm is not a suitable method for sample partition because this method leads to different distribution of calibration and test samples.Compared with KS algorithm, the random sample partition is a more ideal sample partition method, hence, the manuscript should use random method to create calibration and testing dataset. More importantly, this random sample partition method needs to be repeated several times, and the statistic method(such as T-test) should be used for model evaluation."
Personally, I am not in agreement with this comment. As I know, most of researchers prefer to use Kennard-Stone (KS) algorithm instead of random selection approach for dataset splitting. Please correct me, If I am wrong. What do you think about pros and cons of KS vs. random selection? Should I ago according to the reviewer comment and consequently repeat the analysis based on random partitioning? 
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The problem with KS is that you build only one training/test pair, unlike random partitioning and cross validation, which can be bootstrapped to build confidence intervals as well.
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Hi,
Can I use MODIS corrected reflectance (true color) obtained from Worldview to track turbidity front? I do not want to know the concentration, only the position and area. Instead this, do I have to process the image from ocean color page?
Thank you in advance.
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I'm looking for airborne image's data base for crop monitoring ( visible/ NIR). is there any open access one ?
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I 'd like to do band selection on hyperspectral images, i Found a lot of techniques in literature. which one is the most significant? and is there any libraries that can help me?
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Hi,
I agree with Rajasheker's comments because band selection usually depends on your application. For your consideration, please find below three papers using three different approaches: 
-Multispectral synthesis of daylight using a commercial digital CCD camera, J. L. Nieves, E.M. Valero, S.M.C. Nascimento, J.Hernández-Andrés and J. Romero, Applied Optics, Vol. 44, N. 27, pp. 5696-5703, (2005).
-Developing an optimum computer-designed multispectral system comprising a monochrome CCD camera and a liquid-crystal tunable filter, M.A. López-Álvarez, J. Hernández-Andrés, J. Romero, Applied Optics, vol. 47, 4381-4390 (2008).
-Evaluating a logarithmic kernel for spectral reflectance estimation - effects on model parametrization, training set size and number of sensor spectral channels, TT. Eckhard, E.M. Valero, J. Hernández-Andrés, V. Heikkinen, Journal of the Optical Society of America A, vol. 31, N.3, pp. 541-549 (2014).
Best,
Juan Luis
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Hi everyone,
I have a query and a request; query about how to make  effective per-processing steps in AVIRIS (Hyper- spectral) data processing? I have done some steps like empirical calibration, MNF and some more. But i could not remove noises from radiance data. So in this situation, my kind request to you all if anybody has experience, knowledge or expertise, please  en-light me with yours wisdom.
Add on: If you can please attach some link or literature of good publications related to pre-processing of AVIRIS data.
Thank you 
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Hi,
if you consider not geo-corrected radiance data we can give this approach http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs61111082 (most pushbroom sensors are affected by temporal variations of the dark current and related miscalibration) or this approach http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s110606370 a try else there are some smoothing techniques as Atilio said.
Cheers, Chris
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In hyperspectral analysis, once pure pixel locations are fouund out, how to compare it with the target spectra?
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Thank you so much Mam. I will read the paper which you have shared.
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The well known hyperspectral reflectance datasets are Foster and CAVE. Is there any other such reflectance dataset which consists of natural scenes and illuminant information is provided separately? 
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Dear Haris,
I can provide you two links where you can get additional hyperspectral images:
1) http://dippix.tp.chiba-u.jp/database/index_e.html , from the Horiuchi Lab in Chiba University (Japan);
2) http://colorimaginglab.ugr.es/pages/Data , from our own Color Imaging Lab in Granada (Spain).
Best,
Juan Luis
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Whether hyperspectral sensor penetrate the surface of earth or it captures the surface level material?
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Hi Luis,
So, you are listing two types of sensors?
Is it like one for topsoil and another for undersoil?
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i am looking for HJ-1A HSI (Hyperspectral Imager) Data. Can anyone post the links or give information regarding this?
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The data that you are looking for seem to be available here,
Data access information :Data distributed by CRESDA."
The link above should give you "Error 403 : acces forbidden", until you have access granted by CRESDA.
Here are the CRESDA contact information I found here http://www.cresda.com/EN/gjhz/jwsjfz/7461.shtml :
 Address:No.5,Fengxian East Road,haidian District,Beijing
Tel: +86 10 58937035
+86 10 58937060
+86 10 57503328
Fax: +86 10 58937026
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What is Extended Morphological Profiles in hyperspectral imaging. I need to apply in pavia dataset (Mat file). Detail of the file is present in the below link.
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Did you solve your problem meanwhile? Extended Morphological Profiles in Hyperspectral imaging means that the datasets available are more precise because of the integration with other datasets. For coding application check Github or this book might be helpful, although is a little outdated http://isp.uv.es/papers/rem_sens_im_proc_12_ch02.pdf
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What is the role of covariance matrix in the feature extraction problems (hyperspectral images).
I have pavia dataset (3D matrix) of hyperspectral image. here i want to know what is the role of covariance matrix in extracting features.
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I willpublish the book titled "New Theory of Discriminant Analysis after R. Fisher" from Springer.
You understand the discriminant function based on variance-covariance are not helpful for feature-selection. I had already the preface of the book onRG.
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 is it possible to generate the signature of any tree species without spectometer
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In any case contiguous signatures, only can be derived from spectroradiometer handheld/satellite based. If you have handheld spectroradiometer data it is nice, but if you don't have, you can generate signature for a pure patch of single species of size about/more than 30*30 meters using Hyperion based hyperspectral data freely available on earth explorer. The patch size may vary depending upon spatial resolution of the hyperspectral data (space borne/ air borne). 
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Has anybody experience on the measurements of Soluble solide content (SSC) and °BRIX in tomatoes or other vegetables by the use of hyperspectral camera?
In the case, how it is possible to made this calculation? which could be the calibration procedure?
Regards
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We can't make our solution fluoresce, we want to analyze fruits in production line and  measure the SSC and other parameters.
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Hi , I want to work on Hyperspectral images and SAR images in Matlab . I need some datasets and sample Matlab codes for this purpose .
some web pages and links are useful too .
thanks.
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Hope these links help
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I have pavia dataset at the given web location. Here, class & samples are define. I want to know how to define these classes at what parameter in matlab. 
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Dear Shrish
          Your question is not clear, but as per my understanding of your question, you can load the ground truth of pavia dataset in matlab and can see the location of each class 
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I would like to explore the potential of NEON sites hyper spectral data for classifying individual trees on a species level. The following step would be quantify intra-species variability in fundamental plant traits (i.e. leaves specific traits?)
Can you gently point me interesting books, chapters or papers concerning species recognition for North America plants using hyper spectral sensors?
Thanks!
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Just some comments from meetings I attended years ago: If you mean species level identification from airborne HSI, then you need to remember that while leaves may have some particular spectra (function of a lot of things, especially if deciduous; can be function of heat stress, water stress, etc.), if  using airborne data, it is likely that the pixels include such items as branches, shaded leaves, leaves at different orientations (BRDF effects), and of course, ground, and perhaps other species. So, it then depends on how relevant are your reference spectra. If your reference spectra are "bush" level, tree level, and not just branch or leaf level, then you may be able to do well, especially if your characterizing reference group (ground truth measurements) is similar enough to the airborne HSI in terms of spatial scale, etc. 
But I'll also mention that I don't usually work in plant classification: this comes form knowledge of HSI measurements, and meetings I've attended. 
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Which is best algorithm for feature extraction and feature selection for hyperspectral images (dataset) ?
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I think that PCA is a proper choice.
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I have pavia hyper spectral image dataset (http://www.ehu.eus/ccwintco/index.php?title=Hyperspectral_Remote_Sensing_Scenes). Here i want to know how to extract features from that through time series analysis. In most papers it is showing the time series for a single pixel. What about the other pixel in the dataset. 
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Hello Vahid,
Pavia dataset is a set of same (one)  image taken for different spectrum or bands or frequencies (400 nm to 2400 nm). For that, a time series will be formed. My query is that how to extract features from that time series of one pixels given in many papers.
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I want to know How to transform the HICO hyperspectral image DN values to at-satellite reflectance ?
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Thank you for your reply, it is very useful.
Will you please tell me "Where can I find the solar exoatmospheric spectral irradiances (ESUN) values for HICO data?"
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Any one know of a survey paper on the feature extraction methods for remote sensing images ? 
I am working with the hyperspectral images. I need  a survey paper for the same.
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Maybe you get some inspiration from our analyses of hyper-spectral images of mangrove; see under my profile.
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All Academicians,Scientists,Research Scholars...
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Thank you Mr Hamidur
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I have a hyperspectral image and I'm trying to perform kernel based PCA in r. I'm not able to produce results. Also I need to export the obtained components to ENVI format. Can any one help me on this?
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Hello.  I know that there is an ENVI IDL script that does the Kernel PCA.  Why don't you try it?  One of it is from Kim et al. (2005):
Iterative kernel principal component analysis for image modeling. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence , 27(9): 1351–1366, 2005.
If I got it correct, one of the links below points to the ENVI/IDL scripts. 
Good luck.
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This study is related to atmospheric changes in aerial imagery.
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Yes it is possible to have a hyperspectral and lidar system to work simultaneously on the same airborne platform. In fact NOAA has conducted a series of flights as part of the National Geodetic Survey project where a fusion of hyperspectral, lidar and high resolution imaging were employed simultaneously in the same aircraft. The name of the aircraft is the NOAA Cessna Citation which is used in a number of Remote Sensing operations. It was also employed on various other occasions following 9/11, post hurricane damage mapping after Katrina, Wilma etc. and continues to do so.
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We would like to prepare some examples of spectral signature of trees. It's for my geomatic course. Thanks in advance.
Marcelo
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Hi,
You can download sample data from the link 
Hope this will help you.
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These rivers deliver extremely high concentrations of CDOM into bay or coastal waters.
The plumes look like "black holes" where not only the blue wavelengths get absorbed but even some of the green!
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You can use nFLH or HOCI. To gain more information refer to the following publication:  
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I have downloaded Pavia dataset (MAT File) from "http://www.ehu.eus/ccwintco/index.php?title=Hyperspectral_Remote_Sensing_Scenes". It is mention number of classes. here with the samples. Here I want to know how to access these samples through Matlab.
How do I define classes in pavia dataset in hyperspectral images? {Classes such as water, tree, titles etc. I want to know how to exact these samples from the given dataset.}
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YOU CAN CONTACT DR KAROUI SOFIANE FROM CENTER OF SPATIAL TECHNIQUES - ARZEW - ORAN IN  ALGERIA
I THINK THAT I ENDORSED HIM TO YOUR PROBLEM DIRECTLY MATLAB + HYPERSPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING - OBSERVED EARTH DIVISION.
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I have Pavia dataset (.mat file ; hyperspectral image) which i downloaded from "http://www.ehu.eus/ccwintco/index.php?title=Hyperspectral_Remote_Sensing_Scenes". There are classes as water, tree, titles etc. Here i want to know how to exact these samples from the dataset & from which parameter they differ to each other.
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 dear shrish
if you want to good accuracy classified image, you need to collect ground truth data,then you have preprocessing the data of satellite product, you find some standard operational procedure,you have to see in envi hyperspectral tutorials.
best wishes
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I have Pavia dataset which is available as .mat file (Available @ web http://www.ehu.eus/ccwintco/index.php?title=Hyperspectral_Remote_Sensing_Scenes).
Here i want to know how to generate the classes such as tree, soil etc.
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The best way is manual generation with prior knowledge about your case study. For example, I generated building layer in one of my recent studies. This is valuable for evaluation your final results. To give more information about this, you can refer to my article: " Automatic building extraction in dense urban areas through GeoEye multispectral imagery".
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I have Hyperspectral and SAR image. I need to perform feature level fusion. I have decided to go with neural network based feature level fusion. Could any one answer me about the best neural network based fusion software?
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Follow the link below. some idl toolboxes.
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I have a dataset of hyperspectral image (Pavia Dataset) as .Mat file. This is a cube of dimension M*N*P where P represents the number of bands & other two represents the row & column (M & N). Now I need to convert this in 2D data matrix such as Q*P where Q is the combination of (M & N) in pixel form ?
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Dear Shrish,
I think xnew=reshape(x,N*M,P); should work in Matlab, where x is your original 3-D array and xnew is the name of the output matrix.
Best regards,
Raffaele.