Hybrid Materials - Science topic

Check our research articles in biomedical applications

Hello Hosseini,

You need to have more experience in the field to be a topic editor Continue like this, and in the future you will welcome

I find one paper use Cas9-assisted removal of mtDNA.

For carbon materials Electric double layer is the principle. For xides and polymers redox reactions.

Hii Syed Shaheen Shah

I am dividing my explanation into two parts as per your question.

1. You can not decide the required mass loading without preparing the electrode. Firstly you will coat let's say 1mg/cm2 of your active material and check its capacitance in a three-electrode system. Once you know about the three-electrode capacitance of your material then you can proceed with two-electrode measurements.

2. The mass balancing equation will be required only in those cases when you are studying asymmetric configurations. For symmetric configurations, you don't need any mass balancing equation.

Now, for a two-electrode asymmetric configuration, First, you need to find a 3E capacitance value for both of the electrodes, then based on the capacitance values and voltage window, you can calculate the required mass loading using the balancing equation as stated by you above.

I hope this will help you in clearing some of your doubts.

Dear Hafiz Taimoor Ahmed Awan, for the first part of the question, you have to specify this hybrid material so one can guess the possible precursors to prepare it. For the second part, the concept of synergy lies in the fact that a given property is much more ameliorated for a composite compared to the same property of individual components forming the composite. My Regards

Dear M S Abdul Azeez many thanks for posting this important technical question which is certainlly of broad general interest to many other RG members working in this field. As a synthetic inorganic chemist I'm not a proven specialist in this area, but I can recommend to you two very recent articles which might help you in your analysis. The first paper is a very useful review article which was published this year:

Fortunately this paper has been posted by the authors as public full text on RG. Thus you can freely download it as pdf file. Also please have a look at the following potentially useful review article which was published in 2021:

This paper has been published Open Access (please see the attached pdf file). I hope this helps. Good luck with your work and best wishes, Frank Edelmann

Thanks

To insulate toxic substances ,to remove hydrohobicity and to improve mechanical property , the organic functional groups in the surface layer are temporarily bonded by the organic silicate, and then the silicate forms a homogeneous film without cracking by gentle self-hydrolysis. By electron microscopic precision imaging of the interface, the relationship between the two is that a gradual interface exists with a film thickness of 1 nm or less.

Deglycosylated enzymes in which the sugar has entirely removed, especially from a glycoprotein, should be a good choice for your immobilization method.

I think there are a few options for you to try. I'm assuming your compound is symmetric, but if it wasn't and depending on the size, you could use HMBC to confirm covalent bonds (or lack thereof). I'm guessing this isn't an option though.

¹H NMR you might be able to see a hydroxyl peak and you might even see new peaks appear (very close to 0) instead of a single peak, as the electronic environment where the ring opened will be slightly different. These shifts are very small so I can't guarantee you'd see clearly resolved peaks. Also note that these shifts may appear below 0 ppm.

IR would also show a broad and diagnostic OH peak if the ring opened, which would be very quick and easy to assess. This would be the first thing I would try.

In theory, you would see a different mass on MS but I don't think these would fly well (likely be destroyed by ionization).

Finally, I would say TLC could potentially be used as you'll see a new spot with a much lower Rf. Ceric Ammonium Molybdate (CAM) should stain very strongly for hydroxyl groups; you could also try stains that give different colors (e.g., vanillin and p-anisaldehyde), as I expect the silanol group would give rise to a very different color. This wouldn't give you a conclusive answer, but it might give you enough of a clue to feel confident.

If exhausting this arsenal of characterization techniques gives you only equivocal results of whether or not your ring opened, then I would suggest going to ²⁹Si NMR. If your institute has easy access to these more exotic NMR nuclei then this should be a good way to get a definitive answer.

An interesting line of research, for example

I agree to Ashok Ranjan to a large extent. A nice example for this can be seen in an article by Knappett et al. in Nanoscale (DOI: 10.1039/C3NR33789H). However, when the shell has a much higher atomic number the core will become invisible. It depends on the materials you want to study. Knappett et al. have studied Co and iron oxide and for this system it works perfectly.

The effect in your study is due to the porous nature of silica

Hi Alan,

The book by Ever J. Barbero has a script for you to compute the effective stiffness matrix. However, I'd like to introduce another method to quickly compute effective properties of general textile composites based on mechanics of structure genome.

Please check the free software TexGen4SC on https://cdmhub.org/tools/texgen4sc. The method is as accurate as RVE analysis using FEA but with great efficiency, and it can provide not only effective properties of textile composite but the structural properties which are more useful for thin and slender textile composite structures. Please see the papers: "Liu, X., Rouf, K., Peng, B. and Yu, W., 2017. Two-step homogenization of textile composites using mechanics of structure genome. Composite Structures, 171, pp.252-262.", "Rouf, K., Liu, X. and Yu, W., 2018. Multiscale structural analysis of textile composites using mechanics of structure genome. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 136, pp.89-102."

I'm afraid it cannot be answered in abstract. it depends on the VA content and molecular weight of your EVA, on its MFI, on the amount, specific surface and surface treatment of the silica filler, on the compounding method you plan to use and on the property you wish to optimize. I think you cannot avoid experimenting. The order of adding the components may also be important. You can pre-mix the filler and the additive in dry blend form and add them together or you may melt mix the matrix and the additive and add the filer afterwards - the results will be different. Anyway I would suggest to try 1%, 3% and 10% of the filler weight.

There is another parameter other than polarity which is selectivity. I have seen this effect in chromatography.

I had 2 chemical compounds that had the exact same affinity for ethyl acetate/hexanes mixture no matter how I changed the proportions.

It wasnt until I switched out ethyl acetate for dichloromethane that I saw the two compounds separate. It wasnt polarity that separated the two, as altering the ethyl Acetate proportion wouldve caused them to separate, it was selectivity.

That being said, if DMSO slightly dissolved compound maybe try other solvents such as HMPA or DMF.

organic solvents which  can dissolve network cross-linked polysiloxane  one can try THF, Ethylene glycol and  DMF.

@Arturas

Can you provide us with some specifications about the light source you are using like company, pulse width, rep rate, laser power etc?

@Peter

I am concerned about the IRF profile. Don't you think the IRF FWHM of 100 us is broad?

Dear Lucian; This ratio generally is reversed. That is, the extent to which the bulk is increased, resistance is reduced.

I believe there is a possibility rather of a simultaneous increase of both properties or, at least, improved bulk without reducing the sheet strength. It would be necessary to test settings for this purpose.

Dear Vinsensia,

You can even use low bandgap polymers fitting to the HOMO LUMO of the TiO2, like for example PCPDTBT.

However, I have experienced very low efficiencies when filling titania nanotubes (created by Ti anodization on ITO) directly with a polymer. The problem is the high defect density of the manufactured TiO2, making it necessary to deposit an interlayer for passivating the metal oxide surface!

Examples thatfore are:

   - ruthenium dye N719 or pyridine: doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.04.006,

  - 4-mercaptopyridine: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4824040, 

  - Sb2S3: doi: 10.1021/nl101322h,

  - Sb2S3 together with decyl-phosphonic acid (DPA): 10.1002/aenm.201200540.

You can find more information on this topic from the works published by Jonas Weickert: https://scholar.google.de/citations?user=c3rA6ggAAAAJ&hl=de

Good luck!

Hi there,

Its depend on your materials, Generally speaking you can use powder XRD combination of Rietveld refinement method (widely used for Inorganic hybrid materials). Other options are EELS and EDS but it only gives atomic percentage of the elements in the localized area (which you are interested) by microscopy technique, then you have apply a theoretical calculation to get the ratio. AS Prof. Nita Dragoe told about available software for refinement method, I completely agree with him. If you are not expert in Reitveld refinement technique , I suggest you to use following software called Match 3.0. Which can available here.   http://www.crystalimpact.com/match/Default.htm

Hope Its help for you.

All the best.

Interesting question. For semiconductors in general you typically see an increase in the bandgap under increased hydrostatic pressure. So you will see people making experimental measurements to measure the deformation potential. I am not really a theory guy, but maybe one way to think about this is that you have a periodic potential for your crystal and that the fourier components of the potential will end up being related to the band gap. There is a nice set of notes that outline the basics of band theory. In your case perhaps you can make an analogy that way. 

 http://www.phys.utk.edu/courses/Fall%202009/physics671/chapter4b.pdf

That walks through the free electron model, the applies perturbation theory etc and shows this for a simple model.

One very hand wavy way to think about this might be that if you considered some periodic arrangement of atoms, and now that you compressed them now the wavelength of the electron wave  that would be able to travel in the conduction band would shorter and  have higher frequency.  In the case of quantum dots this would be the equivalent of making the box smaller. 

In general, I think that you could also say that as you bring the atoms closer together and you have more interaction you have increased splitting of the energy levels. Depending on the configuration of the energy levels and the resulting band formation you probably mostly see an increase in the band gap  around the gamma point  except in special cases.  

Contact this man https://www.researchgate.net/profile/V_Kosarev . He is a head of cold spaying group and one of the authors of original cold spray patent.

I would suggest to repeat your dielectric measurements once again.

If possible make your temperature dependent dielectric measurements once again, but in the descending order.  I mean start at 475K and decrease the temperature down to 300K.

This is to eliminate any spurious influence of moisture on the dielectric data.

K. Sreenivas

you can deposit organic n-type by spin coating on graphene-CNT

Thanks Nikhil for sharing that. Vacuum annealing sounds more friendly than recrystallization.

For floculation I recommend NaOCl

You could try the procedure described in this paper:

Apart from the stability of biomolecule on the substrate - how can we analyze its role in different electrical and biological application

Thanks

I am wondering more about things like protein or DNA-nanomaterial complexes and where these might be useful. We have for example used DNA-Nanogold complexes to examine the DNA damage responses to mismatched DNA (DNA conformations in mismatch repair probed in solution by X-ray scattering from gold nanocrystals. Hura GL, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Oct 22;110(43):17308-13. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1308595110 ), but I'm sure there must be lots of this and of differing uses that would be of general interest. I would like to hear what others are doing and where this is making novel and useful materials.

substrate: PET or other flexible and transparent layer

bottom electrode (anode): don't ITO. the hybrid electrode is better.

bulk heterojunction: polymer/metal oxide (with easy synthesis)

top electrode (cathode): Al or Ag grid

HI, yes one can dope graphene with metals. Depending on work function of metal graphene gets p or n-type. Signature of dopoing is shift in G and 2D peaks and it doesn't matter how its get doped; by means of organic or inorganic components. Even the shift in these two peaks is same for doping by transverse electric field. The following paper is more helpful:

Best luck

If hydrates are a problem, use anhydrous Cu(O3S-CF3)2 in CH3CON(CH3)2 and your carboxyphosphonate solid. Keep me posted if you get the magnetic properties of the resulting compound. Thanks

Principally antibiotic activity...

The guys have given very good suggestions. Here I like suggest

(1) use very low concentration (1 - 2%)

(2) use alkaline catalyst ( Me4NOH, for example)

(3) add some surfactant as an allternative

(4) well control of stirring speed.

(5) increase temperature because your monomer is hard to hydrolyse.

It is well known that the formation of micelles by surfactants could be considered as a balance between the intermolecular interactions. In other words, the hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties play the major role for such behavior of micellization. But, your problem is raised from that at relatively high temperature of 70C such intermolecular interactions do not work which therefore affect the homogeneity of solution.