Human Cell Culture - Science method

Elemental boron-10 nanoparticles synthesized by laser fragmentation of micropowder in isopropanol are used for the first time as a boron-containing agent for boron neutron capture therapy. The study is conducted on human cell cultures U87, BT474, and BJ-5TA. It is found that these nanoparticles are nontoxic to all three cell cultures at boron-10 co...

Parkinson's Disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, with growing numbers and considerable societal and economic concerns. Human cell culture systems are efficient models for neurodegenerative disorders and allow for personalized, non-invasive analysis of cellular and molecular disease mechanisms. Midbrain organoids a...

Naegleria fowleri, the causative agent of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), requires increased research attention due to its high lethality and the potential for increased incidence as a result of global warming. The aim of this study was to investigate the interactions between N. fowleri and host cells in order to elucidate the mechanisms...

Hair growth is a highly complex process regulated at multiple levels, including molecular pathways, stem cell behavior, metabolic processes, and immune responses. The hair follicle exhibits metabolic compartmentalization, with some cells relying on glycolysis and others on oxidative phosphorylation. Interestingly, in mice, the onset of the anagen p...

Radiofrequency fields in the 1–28 GHz range are ubiquitous in the modern world, giving rise to numerous studies of potential health risks such as cancer, neurological conditions, reproductive risks and electromagnetic hypersensitivity. However, results are inconsistent due to a lack of precision in exposure conditions and vastly differing experimen...

The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) belongs to the family Solanaceae and is one of most versatile crops, vital components of the human diet in numerous countries. It is regarded as one of the most promising crops for reducing world hunger and poverty. It is one of the foremost non-grain crops in the world, being a cost-effective and easily accessible...

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a site of replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and GI symptoms are often reported by patients. SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends upon heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans, which commensal bacteria that bathe the human mucosa are known to modify. To explore human gut HS-modifying ba...

Purpose: In the present study, we used holothurian ossicles (HOLO) extracted from sea cucumbers (holothurians) as novel biomaterials potentially useful in mandibular bone regeneration. Methods: HOLO particles were evaluated ex vivo and in vivo to determine biocompatibility and effectiveness in an animal model of bone defect. Results: First, ex vivo...

Acinetobacter baumannii is an important nosocomial pathogen causing high infections and morbidity among affected individuals, and most studies focus on nosocomial strains. However, A. baumannii can also be isolated from healthy community individuals. This study compared the pathogenicity of hospital and community A. baumannii isolates using Galleri...

Wounds, disruptions in normal anatomy, are classified as acute or chronic. The choice of wound treatment relies significantly on dressing materials. Electrospun nanofibrous materials offer promising applications in wound healing, featuring a substantial surface area, close mimicry of the natural extracellular matrix, and adjustable water resistance...

Sol-gel methods are widely used to prepare coatings and thin films, due to their relative technological simplicity, low cost, possibility to easily scale the coating thickness down to nanoscale layers, usage of non-toxic solvents and other advantages. Sol-gel methods may also be used to prepare antimicrobial coatings, as protection of various surfa...

Intracerebral hemorrhage leads to immediate brain injury due to local mechanical damage, on which current treatment approaches are focused, but it also induces secondary brain injury. The purpose of this study is to characterize blood components, degradation products and their effects in secondary brain injury. Immunocyto- and immunohistochemistry,...

Drug development for human disease relies on preclinical model systems such as human cell cultures and animal experiments before therapeutic treatments can ultimately be tested on humans in clinical studies. We here describe the generation of a novel human cell line (HLMVEC/SVTERT289) that we generated by transfection of microvascular endothelial c...

Background The locus coeruleus (LC), is the first brain region to develop hyperphosphorylated tau (ptau) inclusions in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and undergoes catastrophic degeneration in later stages of the disease. Importantly, the LC is the main noradrenergic nucleus in the brain and source of NE in the forebrain, and dysregulation of the neurotr...

Background Microglial cells have emerged as key players in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). They act as a first line defense and fulfil a crucial role during brain development and circuit homeostasis. Microglia are involved in the removal of debris, control neural activity, regulate synaptic plasticity, and synapse pruning. Normal micr...

Oxidative stress, caused by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is a pathological factor in several incurable neurodegenerative conditions as well as in stroke. However, our knowledge of the genetic elements that can be manipulated to protect neurons from oxidative stress-induced cell death is still very limited. Here, using Caenorha...

Acinetobacter baumannii is an important nosocomial pathogen causing high infections and morbidity among affected individuals and most studies focus on nosocomial strains. However, A. baumannii can also be isolated from community healthy individuals. This study compared the pathogenicity of hospital and community A. baumannii isolates using Galleria...

Daily, more and more people consume snack bars that may have an impact on blood glucose levels. The aim of the present study was to compare the acute effects of a common snack and a plant-based snack bar (PB) that was developed at the University of Thessaly as a functional diabetic snack on blood glucose and insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes...

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection is highly prevalent globally and poses a significant public health challenge due to its link with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric malignancies. Hp's persistence within the gastric environment, particularly in case of infection with virulent strains, triggers chronic inflammatory respons...

Ultrafast lasers, with pulse durations below a few picoseconds, are of significant interest to the industry, offering a cutting-edge approach to enhancing manufacturing processes and enabling the fabrication of intricate components with unparalleled accuracy. When processing metals at irradiances exceeding the evaporation threshold of about 10¹⁰ W/...

BACKGROUND: Mammalian cell cultures play a key role in the pharmaceutical industry, requiring constant monitoring of the cell conditions during fermentation. In addition to monitoring of the physical-chemical parameters, it is important to evaluate the internal state of cells, for which gene expression analysis is used. Currently, quantitative reve...

Background/Objectives: Marburg virus (MARV) is the etiological agent of Marburg Virus Disease (MVD), a rare but severe hemorrhagic fever disease with high case fatality rates in humans. Smaller outbreaks have frequently been reported in countries in Africa over the last few years, and confirmed human cases outside Africa are, so far, exclusively im...

Self-assembling DNA nanoparticles have the potential to significantly advance the targeted delivery of molecular cargo owing to their chemical and architectural flexibility. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the genetic code embedded in DNA nanoparticles produced by the method of DNA origami or related techniques can be recognized and copied...

Notch signalling activity regulates hematopoiesis in Drosophila and vertebrates alike. Parasitoid wasp infestation of Drosophila larvae, however, requires a timely downregulation of Notch activity to allow the formation of encapsulation-active blood cells. Here, we show that the Drosophila CSL transcription factor Suppressor of Hairless [Su(H)] is...

Background/Objectives: BMS-202, is a potent small molecule with demonstrated antitumor activity. The study aimed to comprehensively characterize the physical and chemical properties of BMS-202 and evaluate its suitability for topical formulation, focusing on uniformity, stability and safety profiles. Methods: A range of analytical techniques were e...

Objectives: Clinical research has identified stomach dysmotility as a common feature of obesity. However, the specific mechanisms driving gastric emptying dysfunction in patients with obesity remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated potential mechanisms by focusing on the homeostasis of gastric smooth muscle, using tissue samples from...

Numerous studies have implicated endolysosomal dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related tauopathies. However, the mechanisms driving these disturbances remain poorly understood. Using C. elegans, we recently identified genes involved in sphingolipid metabolism as crucial for the maintenance of endolysosomal integrity. Abnormal sphingolip...

Recent studies have explored the dynamic changes in RNA modification across various organisms, often in response to stressors like chemical agents or drugs. Among these, the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been evaluated regarding its impact on RNA and DNA. Although different alterations in RNA modification have been associated with 5-FU,...

Since 1991 the "Linz Congress" has become the main event in the field of 3Rs science in Europe. We are excited to welcome you in person in Linz to celebrate the 3Rs and explore avenues for improvement and innovation of animal testing. Among the many registrations of friends and colleagues, we particularly value the upcoming reports of our internati...

Polycystin-1 (PC1) is the protein product of the PKD1 gene whose mutation causes autosomal dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD). PC1 is an atypical G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) with an autocatalytic GAIN domain that cleaves PC1 into extracellular N-terminal and membrane-embedded C-terminal (CTF) fragments. Recently, activation of PC1 CTF...

53BP1 is a key player in DNA repair and together with BRCA1 regulate selection of DNA double strand break repair mechanisms. Localization of DNA repair factors to sites of DNA damage by 53BP1 is controlled by its oligomerization domain (OD) and binding to LC8, a hub protein that functions to dimerize >100 clients. Here we show that 53BP1 OD is a tr...

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare genetic lung disease. Unfortunately, treatment with the mTORC1 inhibitor Rapamycin only slows disease progression, and incomplete responses are common. Thus, there remains an urgent need to identify new targets for the development of curative LAM treatments. Nitazoxanide (NTZ) is an orally bioavailable antip...

Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are major foodborne pathogens that result in thousands of hospitalizations each year in the United States. Cattle, the natural reservoir, harbor STEC asymptomatically at the recto-anal junction (RAJ). The molecular mechanisms that allow STEC and non-STEC E. coli to adhere to the RAJ are not fully unders...

The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays numerous essential roles in animal development and tissue/stem cell maintenance. The activation of genes regulated by Wnt/β-catenin signaling requires the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin, a transcriptional co-activator. β-catenin is recruited to many Wnt-regulated enhancers through direct binding to T-cel...

Proper action of the female sex steroids 17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) on the endometrium is essential for fertility. Beyond its role in regulating the cell cycle, cyclin A2 (CCNA2) also mediates E2 and P4 signaling in vitro, but a potential role in modulating steroid action for proper endometrial tissue development and function is unkno...

ZNHIT3 (zinc finger HIT type containing protein 3) is an evolutionarily conserved protein required for ribosome biogenesis by mediating the assembly of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) of class C/D into ribonucleoprotein complexes (snoRNPs). Missense mutations in the gene encoding ZNHIT3 protein have been previously reported to cause PEHO syndrome, a...

Aim Retinal cell therapy modalities, in the category of advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs), are being developed to target several retinal diseases. Testing in large animal models (LAMs) is a crucial step in translating retinal ATMPs into clinical practice. However, challenges including budgetary and infrastructure constraints can hinder LA...

Background Mutations in coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 10 (CHCHD10) have been identified as a genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and/or frontotemporal dementia(ALS-FTD). In our previous studies using in vivo Drosophila model expressing CHCHD10S59L, and human cell models expressing CHCHD10S59L, we have identified t...

Candida albicans, an opportunistic oral pathogen, synergizes with Staphylococcus aureus, allowing bacteria to co-invade and systemically disseminate within the host. Studying human–microbe interactions creates the need for a universal culture medium that supports fungal, bacterial, and human cell culturing, while allowing sensitive analytical appro...

Previous studies have shown that aggregated alpha-synuclein (α-s) protein, a key pathological marker of Parkinson’s disease (PD), can propagate between cells, thus participating in disease progression. This prion-like propagation has been widely studied using in vivo and in vitro models, including rodent and human cell cultures. In this study, our...

Pyrogens, classified as bacterial endotoxins and non-endotoxin pyrogens (NEPs), induce fever or shock when released into the bloodstream or spinal fluid. Recently, a monocyte-activation test (MAT) involving human cell culture has been developed to detect pyrogens in injectable products. To evaluate the sensitivity of MAT, a reference standard endot...

Stem cells are unspecialized cells in the human body. They can differentiate into any cell of the organism and have the ability to renew themselves. Thus, they contribute to the formation of all mature cells in the body and form the basis of every cell, tissue and organ. A stem cell can ensure both self-renewal and differentiation. Süreyya Tahsin A...

The purpose of this study was to systematise scientific publications on the combined effect of gamma radiation and heavy metals on living organisms. For this purpose, the method of analysis was applied, by means of which scientific papers in PubMed, Google Scholar, and other related databases were analysed for compliance with the inclusion criteria...

Vibration and sound are the shaping matrix of the entire universe. Everything in nature is shaped by energy vibrating and communicating through its own sound trail. Every cell within our body vibrates at defined frequencies, generating its peculiar “sound signature”. Mitochondria are dynamic, energy-transforming, biosynthetic, and signaling organel...

The arbovirus West Nile virus (WNV) is a danger to global health. Spread primarily by mosquitoes, WNV causes about 2000 cases per year in the United States. The natural mosquito immune response controls viral replication so that the host survives but can still transmit the virus. Using the genetically malleable Drosophila melanogaster model, we pre...

Acinetobacter baumannii is an important nosocomial pathogen causing high infections and morbidity among affected individuals and most studies focus on nosocomial strains. However, A. baumannii can also be isolated from community healthy individuals. This study compared the pathogenicity of hospital and community A. baumannii isolates using Galleria...

Osteosarcoma malignancy currently represents a major health problem; therefore, the need for new therapy approaches is of great interest. In this regard, the current study aims to evaluate the anti-neoplastic potential of a newly developed phosphinic acid derivative (2-carboxyethylphenylphosphinic acid) and, subsequently, to outline its pharmaco-to...

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most difficult to treat tumors. The Src (sarcoma) inhibitor dasatinib (DASA) has shown promising efficacy in preclinical studies of PDAC. However, clinical confirmation could not be achieved. Overall, our aim was to deliver arguments for the possible reinitiating clinical testing of...

An excessive buildup of body fat is a sign of the metabolic disease known as obesity. The primary etiological factor for obesity is thought to be an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, where genetic factors can also play a significant role. The rise in obesity rates over the past few years has encouraged a focus on adipose tissue biolo...

Epilepsy is the most common chronic neurological disease, affecting nearly 1%–2% of the world's population. Current pharmacological treatment and regimen adjustments are aimed at controlling seizures; however, they are ineffective in one‐third of the patients. Although neuronal hyperexcitability was previously thought to be mainly due to ion channe...

Self-assembling DNA nanoparticles have the potential to significantly advance the targeted delivery of molecular cargo owing to their chemical and architectural flexibility. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the genetic code embedded in DNA nanoparticles produced by the method of DNA origami or related techniques can be recognized and copied...

Being the green gold of the future, cyanobacteria have recently attracted considerable interest worldwide. This study investigates the adaptability and biocompatibility of the cyanobacterial strain Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 with human dermal cells, focusing on its potential application in biomedical contexts. First, we investigated the adaptabilit...

Anemia is a hematological disorder, and a large number in the developing world are affected with significant morbidity and mortality. Among them, most depend on traditional medicine to strengthen the hematopoietic action. The availability, low cost, and minor side effects are thought to be associated with this high selection rate of traditional med...

Bacterial pneumonia greatly contributes to the disease burden and mortality of lower respiratory tract infections among all age groups and risk profiles. Therefore, laboratory modelling of bacterial pneumonia remains important for elucidating the complex host–pathogen interactions and to determine drug efficacy and toxicity. In vitro cell culture e...

The complement system is a family of proteins that facilitate immune resistance by attacking microbes to decrease pathogen burden. As a result, deficiencies of certain complement proteins result in recurrent bacterial infections, and can also result in acute lung injury (ALI). We and others have shown that C3 is present in both immune and nonimmune...

Traditional toxicity testing emphasizes animal models with growing concerns regarding predictive capacity, throughput and ethics. Rapid innovation surrounding human cell platforms, bioengineered tissues, omics techniques and computational tools offers more modern alternatives aligned with expanding knowledge of chemical biological pathways. These d...

Airway epithelia have the challenging task of maintaining functional and structural homeostasis, even when exposed to various stress factors. Transcription factors of the FoxO family can fulfill this complex task, as they act as integration hubs that translate extrinsic and intrinsic information into a physiologically appropriate response. We could...

Background Mitochondrial dysfunction and toxic protein aggregates have been shown to be key features in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). Functional analysis of genes linked to PD have revealed that the E3 ligase Parkin and the mitochondrial kinase PINK1 are important factors for mitochondrial quality...

Background Chemicals are not required to be tested systematically for their neurotoxic potency, although they may contribute to the development of several neurological diseases. The absence of systematic testing may be partially explained by the current Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Test Guidelines, which rely on ani...

In vitro cell culturing witnessed its applications in scientific research and industrial activities. Attempts to shorten the doubling time of cultured cells have never ceased. In plants, auxin is applied to promote plant growth, the synthetic derivative 1‐Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) is a good example. Despite the auxin's naturally occurring recept...

Self-cleaving ribozymes are versatile tools for synthetic biologists when it comes to controlling gene expression. Up to date, 12 different classes are known, and over the past decades more and more details about their structure, cleavage mechanisms and natural environments have been uncovered. However, when these motifs are applied to mammalian ge...

There are scarce published data suggesting, that collagen extracted from fish skin may be an attractive alternative to mammalian-derived collagen for the in vitro cell cultures. In this study, we investigated proliferation potential and differentiation capability into osteogenic and adipogenic lineages of rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells...

Based on primary human cell cultures obtained from tissues of juvenile donors, bioassays to assess in vitro the biological activity of TNF-α and IL-17A inhibitors have been developed. The fibrotest-bioassay included the quantification of proinflammatory cytokines MCP-1, IL-6 and IL-8 in human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) stimulated with TNF-α and IL-...

The fusion of penetrating peptides (PPs) e.g., cell penetration peptides (CPP) or antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) together with aniti-micriobial agents is an expanding research field. Specific AMPs, such as Lactoferricin B (LfcinB), have demonstrated strong antibacterial, anti-fungal and antiparasitic activity, as well as valuable anticancer activity...

Bacteriophages encode anti-CRISPR (Acr) proteins that inactivate CRISPR-Cas bacterial immune systems, allowing successful invasion, replication, and prophage integration. Acr proteins inhibit CRISPR-Cas systems using a wide variety of mechanisms. AcrIIA1 is encoded by numerous phages and plasmids, binds specifically to the Cas9 HNH domain, and was...

Eukaryotic cells rely on actin to support cellular structure, motility, transport, and a wide variety of other cytoplasmic functions and nuclear activities. Humans and other mammals express six closely related isoforms of actin, four of which are found primarily in skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle tissues. The final two isoforms, β and γ, are f...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by peri-neuronal amyloid plaque and intra-neuronal neurofibrillary tangles. These aggregates are identified by immunodetection of “seed” proteins (Aβ1–42 and hyperphosphorylated tau, respectively), but include many other proteins incorporated nonrandomly. Using click-chemistry intra-aggregate crosslinking,...

Due to the short storage period, large quantities of platelet concentrate (PC) are expiring. The expired PC cannot be injected into a blood vessel, but the activity of bioactive molecules, especially growth factors, is still preserved. In this paper, we organized a process to obtain a growth factor-rich bioproduct for use as a supplement in human c...

Simple Summary VSELSCs are considered the Holy Grail of regenerative medicine. The published transformations from VSELSCs to VSCSCs to CSCs have prompted us to re-analyze the results of previous research and conduct new studies on the existence of very small stem-like cells in continuously growing cell lines. Utilizing well-established cell culture...

Oxidative stress is regarded as an imbalance between pro-oxidant and antioxidant species that can result in cellular inflammation associated with illnesses including cancers and cognitive decline. This study investigated medicinal plant extracts for the presence of natural bioactive compounds to explore their antioxidant properties and potential th...

Abstract: Chronic, low-grade inflammation has been implicated in aging and age-dependent conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease, cardiomyopathy, and cancer. One of the age-associated processes underlying chronic inflammation is protein aggregation, which is implicated in neuroinflammation and a broad spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases such a...

The vaginal microbiome is a complex environment that consists of many microorganisms, some commensal, others symbiotic and some pathogens. The main genus that constitutes the vaginal microbiota is Lactobacillus sp, which contribute to vaginal health maintaining a low pH, inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria and competing for adhesion to the...

The use of MAPLE synthesized thin films based on BG and VD3 for improving the osseointegration and corrosion protection of Ti-like implant surfaces is reported. The distribution of chemical elements and functional groups was shown by FTIR spectrometry; the stoichiometry and chemical functional integrity of thin films after MAPLE deposition was pres...

The Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway plays numerous, essential roles in animal development and tissue/stem cell maintenance. The activation of genes regulated by Wnt/beta-catenin signaling requires the nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin, a transcriptional co-activator. beta-catenin is recruited to many Wnt-regulated enhancers through direct bin...

The leading cause of mortality from SARS-CoV-2 is an exaggerated host immune response, triggering cytokine storms, multiple organ failure and death. Current drug- and vaccine-based therapies are of limited efficacy against novel viral variants. Infrared therapy is a non-invasive and safe method that has proven effective against inflammatory conditi...

Viruses hijack host proteins to promote infection and dampen host defenses. Adenovirus encodes the multifunctional protein VII that serves both to compact viral genomes inside the virion and disrupt host chromatin. Protein VII binds the abundant nuclear protein high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and sequesters HMGB1 in chromatin. HMGB1 is an abundan...

Notch signaling activity regulates hematopoiesis in Drosophila and vertebrates alike. Parasitoid wasp infestation of Drosophila larvae, however, requires a rapid downregulation of Notch activity to allow the formation of encapsulation-active blood cells. Here we show that the Drosophila CSL transcription factor Suppressor of Hairless [Su(H)] is pho...

Target-mediated miRNA degradation (TDMD) is a recently discovered process of post-transcriptional regulation of miRNA stability in animals. TDMD is induced by the formation of the non-canonical duplex of Ago-bound miRNAs with the specialized RNA target, and, as suggested for human cell culture, this complex is recognized by the ZSWIM8 receptor prot...

Accumulation of senescent cells accelerates aging and age-related diseases, whereas preventing this accumulation extends the lifespan in mice. A characteristic of senescent cells is increased staining with β-galactosidase (β-gal) ex vivo. Here, we describe a progressive accumulation of β-gal staining in the model organism C. elegans during aging. W...