History of Photography - Science topic

Sometimes it may be useful to use the method of coloring .. but it does not necessarily have to be successful in all cases

You need to know the spectral irradiance which is the incident irradiation power per wavelength interval at the different wavelength of the measurement range.

Assuming this power is P(lambda) watt/ um ,

Then you obtain the responsivity by dividing the total current to the total power.

The total current can be obtained by integrating the spectral current curve which you got and the total irradiance= Integral P(lambda) dlmbda across the whole measuring band.

Best wishes

Yes, sure. The photo speaks deeper than a lot of words.

we can use ICCD camera .

Great! Thank you so much!!!

have a look here:

Thanks Miral.

Yes i am using a goniometer to measure the contact angles. But Now what i found is that, to measure underwater oil contact angle i can use an oil which is heavier than water so it will sink in water and also will not wet the membrane underwater if it it hydrophilic and underwater oleophobic 

Thanks I. S. Vasil’evskii Sir for your answer.

Try to use The sci-hub motor research, it Will Give u thé full text of majority of abstracts.. : www.sci-hub.io

Dear Experts thank you for your answers.

From some of the answers it appears that my question has been misread. I am not at all questioning the utility or usefulness of remote sensing technique, as far as spatial information is concerned. I am only asking the extent of its application with reference to "DEPTH" below ground level (like 50 cm; 100cm; etc); the information one can decipher (temperature, moisture, etc); and also the type of data sets one has to refer.

Kindly do not compare / mix up with geophysical techniques, which may confuse the readers. Thank you. 

I can help you out.  Contact me at mg65460@hotmail.com

Dear Sir,

it would be best to use a laser, extend the beam diameter and then focuse with a (possibly, but not necessarily achromatic) cylindrical lens. The laser need not have high power; about 1 mW would probably be sufficient.

Kind regards

Herbert Schneckenburger

Thank you.

thanks both for expert advice

Every language have advantages and disadvantages. In the case of C++ and Mathlab, I can say that Matlab is some times more easy to start test some ideas, bu  when you want to make a real product or software, you translate you Mathlab test to a more powerful language, like C++. Mathlab is used mostly for fast prototype and when you are sure of your idea you can spend more time writing a more complex and efficient program. So, for scientific porpouses, Mathlab is a beatiful language as C++ too. If you work with image processing, there are some librarys for C++ that can help you a lot, like OpenCV, CImg (for handle images formats and operations), ImageMagic, and others.

@nan an

thanks .but  google's guess is incorrect.

Aiming at such small hole diameters, you seemingly would be restricted to trying glass microdrilling using (picosecond) laser technology, which is said to be able to drill parallel-sided holes of diameter down to about 10 μm for 1-mm-thick glass plates:

You can try to browse through the link;

Thank you Christian !!

Ah you guys are dicks

Thank you for your advice!

The cause of the problem was more trivial – I accidentally shorted one of digital inputs to ground, while for debugging I previously shorted it to a  digital supply and did not remove this connection – thus the short.

Regards,

Michal.

Thank you for your answer, it is a sensible and appropriate answer.

Actually I was wondering if my group was alone in considering this a problem. Amazingly people are still publishing articles using this method as a way of assessing humidity during sitting.

Thank you Lewis

Quadcopter equipped with cam and gps. 

 This project study area is in the part of  Jharkhand state.

Dear Anatol Badach and Mina Samman Younan,

Thank you so much.

It was really appreciated.

Best regards,

Hello,

The most accurate algorithm for evaluating the daylighting in the building environment that I know is through the RADIANCE. But it's also the most complex. Some software that uses it is the Daysim and Diva-for-Rhino plug-in. Some researchers that work with this area are Nabil A., Reinhart C. F, Mardaljevic J., Jakubiec A., Fitz A.

Hope that this information helps you,

Caroline Santesso. 

Last year I designed a UAV (as shown in the attached picture, without its winglets), which I intend to use to test my hybrid setup. I designed it to have a large cargo bay, so that there is plenty of room for experimental payload.

To obtain the most accurate aerodynamic model of the aircraft I plan to perform full-scale wind tunnel experiments later this summer. 

Attached herein as some of the in-depth study pertaining to the mentioned issues, based on the difference places.

I am a student，I want to do some research about image processing,but I do not have good idea.Image processing is so widely concerning it's direction .So I hope a constructive advice，thank your 

Dear Andrei,

what do you need from the photo finally: just contrast image, or nice picture, of precize measurement of the length of those tracks?

Sir, this is not exactly what you are looking for, but this might help...

 Thank you everyone for your guidance.

Shukran Jazakmullah Khair brother, thanks for this important info. 

ImageJ or Fiji is quite easy to use and does not require coding just knowledge of the algorithms and use the Java plugins

Pleasure.

Best wishes,

Sonia York-Pryce

Hi Shawn

For the camera  suggestion, there are some many good digital camera now. Ideally if you want a fulll hemispherical view, you can look for camera with a 35mm sensors, but if  cropped hemispherical view is okay, most SLR will work. As for lenses, make sure you get a good one and not all are full 180 deg. 

I still use my old Nikon D90 with a Sigma 8mm F/3.5 EX DG lens.

regards

Sylvain

Does your BRUV setup have stereo cameras? If so you need to know how to calibrate them also before you can use them for length estimates. I am not aware of any free programs to analyse stereo BRUVs though. Your best bet would be to find a extra co-author or collaborator who has access to one of the paid programs i.e. Event Measure. You would also need access to CAL and a calibration cube.

You could try some cheap workarounds though...insert scale bars into your footage on the bait arm or lasers with a know calibrated distance between them. You will get way way way less chances to get accurate estimates but it might still be enough.  Especially if you add a second camera pointing down and an extra scale or lasers to get a second angle for measurements. Just be aware of the drawbacks that have been cited in the literature so you can address them. Happy to talk more about BRUVs :) 

Hi,

Thanks for your answer. I tried, but since I am measuring microne scale, due to the vibration caused by electrical heating, my microscope images get blurred.

Thanks.

Thanks for the answer.

You are right, actually my question is not specific, the reason is that I want to have an idea of available analyzing programs for quantifying tissues in general.

Thank you very much.

Fahim 

Hello Roberto,

i would suggest to have a fixed photo setup (e.g. camera position/distance/lighting) as well as trying to find landmarks on a leg (like moles or birthmarks). A pole in fixed position with regard to the camera and maybe 3 adjustable arms attached to it, which can be used to pinpoint three distinctive landmarks on the leg (in a reproducible fashion), might be a way to more reliably get comparable images. If this works well enough, you then simply could transform the before and after images into greyscale and subtract the images from each other. All similar areas will more or less vanish in the resulting image and leaving you with only what was different. Afterwards, applying a threshold for a certain greyscale (e.g. everything > then a certain grey value is a definitive change) will leave you with a defined area that you can measure (or pixel-count). We did similar things for tracing liquid spread on structured surfaces with good results. Just an idea :)

Best regards and much success,

Florian 

I know of no specific size classification of bars to suggest, as the size would depend to some degree on stream type and size, gradient, sinuosity, sediment supply, geology, valley form, etc.  There are various types of bar features that relate to their channel position (point, side, traverse, in-channel bars), and function.  There are also differing features in tidal and delta systems.  In a gully or other actively degrading system, the bars are often limited, while in braided streams and aggrading systems can effect most of the channel and sometimes the valley surface.  Clean water systems such as below dams, may have truncated or abandoned bars from erosion and degradation.  The types of bar substrates are sometimes described from a particle size analysis, but if you are just interested in sand bars, this may not be as helpful.  .  

Dear Georg Pesch

It is possible to estimate the temperature from the ratio of Stokes and anti-Stokes bands in Raman spectroscopy. So if you would have a Raman microscope capable of measuring also anti-Stokes (i.e., with a suitable filter), then you should be able to get temperature information with the resolution of several microns. I would advise you to check related literature and see what are the limitations and also the accuracy of this method. I have no direct experience with such measurements, so I can´t provide you with all the necessary details.

Regards

Josef

Hasta donde tengo conocimiento, en México ya no se comercializa el medio de Hoyer´s como tal. Si lo importas es seguro que no pasa aduana por la restricción que existe hacia el país por uno de sus compuestos.  Toma en cuenta que organismos quieres montar y posiblemente puedas utilizar otros medios. Espero te sirva esta información, Saludos 

Dear Rafael,

 the links may help you a little bit.

Mihail,    Hot spot is harmful, when you want perfect uniformity.  In my experience of miscrospcope image photos, they have been always accompanied with this.  So, I recommend you diffuser dome.  It should be as uniform as in integrating sphere in principle.  But your intension is relatively uniform illumination, Thorlabs ring is not bad.   Regards, Shigeo

Thank you very much David. I will use your anaglyph calculator and let you know about the results.

Best regards. Bogdan 

Dear Nicolae,

You have received already three possible sources concerning some measurements on specimens of Esox. This has been an interesting exchange, with nice results, because some of the theses that you got are not easy to locate. Eugenia's paper is both difficult to be found and difficult to read because of the language, but you have already got an offer about its translation. However, I suggest that you keep in mind that there are personal differences in how we measure, how we use the caliper (or other instruments) so that it is always a good idea that comparable measurements in one study be taken by only one person. Despite the important help with publications that you have received already, still you will have to get your own measurements/ratios, etc... and compare them with the values given by others. I would be very interested to know what your results will be.

With my best wishes.

I received them and I'm downloading those now.. Thank you very mucho for your help Jeanetta. Best regards