Herbal - Science topic

Take a look to these article. It will provide the easy way to estimate TPC and TFC

My area of expertise in herbology is in Chinese herbs, but generally speaking, in a clinical setting, your choice in herbs for your prescription will depend on the patient's presenting symptoms and the syndrome pattern that you diagnose them with. Most herbal prescriptions (at least the bulk of mine) were short term ones (generally 1 to 2 weeks worth), then a re-evaluation of the patient's condition. With Chinese herbs, there are generally several ways that they are dispensed. Raw, dried herbs (which I did not use simply due to convenience - both mine and the patient's), and powdered, freeze dried ones (which I did). The brand I stuck to (due to dosing and familiarity) was KPC. With this brand, herbs came in both single herb powders, and classical formula powders. Generally, you would choose the classic formula that was closest to the patient's complaints, then modify the prescription with single add-on herbs to get the more exact prescription. Initially in my practice I carried a pharmacy, but later on, I switched to an external dispensary as it was more convenient and cost effective both because I no longer had to worry about spoilage, and because the dispensary would mail the finished prescription to my patient's home.

Technology (ie: EMR) wasn't used up until I retired as it wasn't particularly available, which meant you had to know your herbs well when deciding on your prescription. As you are probably aware, there are many possible solutions as far as prescription goes. Hopefully my answer is helpful to you.

Herbal remedies in aquaculture can be beneficial for improving fish health, enhancing growth, and preventing diseases, offering a natural alternative to antibiotics. Here’s a concise overview:

Benefits:

1. Immune Boosting: Herbs like garlic, turmeric, and ginger can stimulate fish immunity.

2. Antimicrobial Properties: Neem, aloe vera, and tulsi have antibacterial and antifungal effects.

3. Growth Promotion: Herbs like fenugreek can improve nutrient absorption and metabolism.

4. Stress Reduction: Extracts such as chamomile can help reduce stress in fish.

Suggested Dosages for a 1-Hectare Pond:

- Garlic: 100-150 g, crushed and mixed into feed.

- Turmeric: 50-100 g, mixed into feed.

- Neem: 1-2 kg of fresh leaves for pond immersion.

- Tulsi: 100-150 g in feed or 1 kg soaked in water.

- Ginger: 50-100 g, mixed into feed.

- Aloe Vera: 200-250 ml of gel in feed.

- Fenugreek: 100 g powdered in feed.

Application Tips:

- Mix herbs uniformly into feed or use them for direct pond immersion.

- Monitor fish health closely and adjust dosages based on observed effects.

- Ensure the freshness and purity of herbs for optimal efficacy.

While herbal remedies can enhance aquaculture practices, their effectiveness may vary, requiring careful monitoring and tailored application.

Release testing is based on critical quality attributes of the product which is listed in the specification. Test results have to meet acceptance criteria listed in the product specifications before the product can be released. Product specifications define the quality of the product.

I can recommend these: Mind-Altering & Poisonous Plants of the World

By: Michael Wink(Author), Ben-Erik van Wyk(Author)

464 pages, 500 colour photos, b/w illustrations

Publisher: Briza Publications

ISBN: 9781875093717

The most comprehensive and best book on that topic ever.

And then recently there was a series of 4 books released which are really great: https://www.degruyter.com/search?query=displayName%3A%28%22Eberhard+Teuscher%22%29&startItem=0&pageSize=10&sortBy=relevance&documentVisibility=all&documentTypeFacet=book

Dear Dr. Dashti, Flow Cytometry is too much for my purpose and expensive. I wanna find the cytotoxicity of my extracts.

I have got some information from two books, you can see it in references:

Saponification in herbal creams can lead to unwanted changes in texture, stability, and efficacy. To prevent this, careful selection of ingredients and proper formulation techniques are essential. Below are detailed steps and considerations to prevent saponification and successfully create a vanishing cream with herbal extracts.

Key Steps to Prevent Saponification

Formulating Vanishing Cream with Herbal Extracts

Conclusion

By carefully selecting ingredients and maintaining optimal formulation conditions, you can prevent saponification in herbal creams and create a stable, effective vanishing cream. The use of non-soap emulsifiers, pH buffers, antioxidants, and airless packaging are critical in achieving this goal.

References

Hi, look here.

I also tried a license for WOMAC with no response.

Since October 2023, KOOS, HOOS, HOOS and FAOS licenses must be asked to Mapi Research Trust: https://www.mapi-trust.org/news-events/news/koos-hoos-and-faos.

Looking for other osteoarthritis scores that requires no licenses (including funded studies or commercial uses).

Hi,

The phenomenon of decreased cytotoxicity at higher concentrations of herbal extracts, as observed through the Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, presents a paradox within the realm of pharmacology and toxicology. This observation suggests a complex interplay between the biological activity of phytochemicals and the physiological mechanisms of the cells exposed to them. To understand this phenomenon, it is necessary to integrate knowledge from various scientific disciplines, such as pharmacology, chemistry, and cell biology.

The increase in cytotoxic effects with increasing concentrations of a herbal extract can be explained by the effective interaction of the extract's active components with their target receptors or enzymes within the cell. This interaction usually follows a dose-dependent manner until a certain point. However, the decrease in cytotoxicity at higher concentrations suggests that saturation has occurred. Once the targets are fully engaged, additional molecules of the extract cannot further enhance the biological response, leading to a plateau or even a decrease in the observed effect.

Beyond receptor saturation, cells have evolved various mechanisms to protect against excessive damage from xenobiotics, including herbal extracts. These mechanisms involve upregulation of detoxification pathways, such as those involving cytochrome P450 enzymes, and activation of efflux pumps that remove toxic substances from the cell's interior. At higher concentrations of the herbal extract, protective mechanisms may be activated more robustly, reducing the cytotoxic impact of the extract by lowering the intracellular concentration of active compounds.

Another important consideration is the stability of the phytochemicals in the extract. At higher concentrations, some compounds may become unstable, aggregate, or undergo chemical modifications that reduce their bioactivity. This instability can be influenced by assay conditions, such as changes in pH, solvent interactions, or the ionic strength of the medium, which could potentially lead to misleading interpretations of cytotoxicity.

It is important to consider the impact of high concentrations of herbal extracts on cell density and nutrient availability within the assay system. This can cause added stress from nutrient depletion and altered metabolic states, leading to non-specific effects that may reduce the apparent cytotoxicity and complicate the interpretation of results.

Furthermore, the high concentrations can lead to non-specific binding of extract components to proteins and other macromolecules in the assay medium, or even to precipitation of some compounds. These phenomena can significantly reduce the bioavailable concentration of active phytochemicals, thereby diminishing the observed cytotoxic effect.

Herbal remedies that have shown promise in preventing or treating urinary stones include Ziziphus lotus, Chanca piedra, Herniaria hirsute which are believed to assist in breaking down stones, and herbs like dandelion root and nettle leaf, known for their potential diuretic properties. However, it's crucial to consult with a healthcare professional before incorporating these into a treatment plan. The approach to incorporating phytotherapy into a comprehensive treatment plan should be guided by the specific type of urinary stone, with considerations for hydration, dietary adjustments, and medical advice tailored to individual cases.

Why did you expect anything of n herbal preparations and why call it any "drug"?

Zone of inhibition is fairly meaningless by itself but lack of efficacy in this context probably means it won't function as an effective antimicrobial drug. If these are offered in that context - they're BS.

Conjugation or liposomes might enhance uptake which could be beneficial.

Have you considered creating a colloidal suspension of the extract? Or microencapsulating the extract?

So sorry. I'm not a food scientist

A failed herbal treatment for eczema motivated Grace Nambatya Kyeyune to dive deep into the chemistry of natural products. She now oversees the evaluation of medicinal plants for efficacy and safety as research director at the Natural Chemotherapeutics Research Institute in Kampala. “Many of the traditional medicines are scientifically sound treatments,” she says. Uganda’s National Drug Authority has already registered more than 230 natural products...

Since polyphenols from plant extract are commonly contaminated with quinones, it would be difficult to obtain a colorless product. You can try to reduce quinones by ascorbic acid

Regards

Yes. The Drug and Cosmetic Act allowed extracts of Water, Alcoholic and Hydro-alcoholic herbal extracts for the preparation of Ayurvedc medicines and used as single drug ingredient.

I applied the regression analysis method but mean±SD value was too high it was showing like cells viability not CC50

Also check please the following useful RG links:

Yes. Recommended using with biostabilizers.

It is very likely that the growth rate of your microbes will be different in the two media, especially with regards to length of lag phase and the final cell mass. It is best practice to determine the growth curve on all different media

i think we must persuasive the patient if the alternative treatment will be supported herbal medicine to faster recovery. Maybe you can explain some cases to strengthen our suggestion because one way to persuasive the patient is to provide proof that already exists

I would be very cautious if you use DMSO SPECIALLY IF YOU WANT TO EVAPORATE AND REUSE THE REMAINING RESIDUE.

Thank you

Visit kindly the following useful RG link:

It might be an issue with conditions under which the cells were cultured or issues with cell integrity.

Before the experiment, check the cells under the inverted microscope for confluency and morphological changes which will give you an idea if the cells are fine prior to addition of your extract.

Dear Dr Devangi Chachad,

I hope this guideline will help you in your research.

Best wishes,

Sabri

Wesam Salah Mohamed Ibrahim

Have a look at the following RG links.

Thanks!

Thanks very much Hamid Reza Farhang Ikram Madani Ahmed Kashif Ameer

Utkarsh Ghate

Hope this will help

Autochthonous Mouse Models. Autochthonous mouse models for human cancers are obtained by initiating tumors in a normal cell de novo and within the intact organism. The main advantage of these models is the pathophysiological relevance of the tumor initiation.

Also check https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/mass-chromatogram

Just try to add more data and also a scale bar. That will help.

Check https://www.cuddonfreezedry.com/freeze-dry-nutraceuticals/

Please have a look at the following RG links.

Also check https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/soxhlet-extraction

Dear Dr Mohammad Nawab,

I think these three guidelines (in attached), in which, two of them were established by World Health Organization, may actually help you in your research.

Best wishes,

Sabri

Check https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/18/5/5125/pdf

You may check the following publications:

Dear Samar,

thank you for posting this interesting technical question. A formula for calculating the encapsulation efficiency (after UV measurements) can be found in the following potentially useful article:

This paper has been published Open Access so that it is freely available on the internet (please see attached pdf file).

In this context please also have a look at the answer given to the following closely related questions which have been posted earlier on RG:

(35 answers)

and

(15 answers)

I hope this information is useful for you. Good luck with your work!

It is very important to known the differences on p53 expresion. In this way, HepG2 cells carry wild-type p53, whereas Hep3B and Huh7 cells have null and point mutations at p53 codon 220 respectively.

Dear

Glad to cooperate if you are interested in species from Sudan. We can keep in contact to know how could this become true. best wishes

Srinivasu Kurella there are few available and already Dr Chinaza Godswill Awuchi has shared with you many of them and he has nailed it and was reading the links shared by him and it is perfect i do agree with his comments and hope so these are helpfull to you as well

Check this out

Bovine chamomile has long been used to treat fever, stomach pain, toothache, insect bites, infertility, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, allergies, asthma, tinnitus, dizziness, nausea, tension headaches, and migraines.

I say its analgesic properties to be because of a biochemical called parthenolide. This chemical compound prevents the blood vessels in the head from constricting, which can cause severe headaches. Studies have shown that bovine chamomile has an impressive effect on reducing the severity, duration, and frequency of headaches, especially migraines.

Use surfactants in the dissolution medium (e.g., SDS).

Yes, it is possible.

Use Hydrochloric acid solution (10% HCl) for a few minutes and then rinse well with warm water.

Cajuput Oil that belongs to Myrtaceae

You can see my article

Using a combination of ginger powder, water, and honey once a day improves the immune system against coronary heart disease. Drinking one to two glasses of fresh sour lemon juice every day provides vitamin C in the body and helps treat coronary heart disease.

Using olive leaf tea and thyme tea can improve the side effects and prevent Covid. People can drink olive tea with honey; The combination of black seed and honey, also known as "dozin", is effective in strengthening the immune system and fighting COVID-19 disease;

Patients can use incense of mint leaf or chamomile several times a day for 10 minutes to improve their lung condition.

Bee products such as honey, propolis, pollen, royal jelly, besides being useful for other diseases, have other beneficial properties for improving the condition of various cancers, including breast cancer, and can strengthen the physical strength of a person with cancer. To have good resistance to other medical treatments.

Although the treatment of breast cancer with propolis has not yet been conclusively proven, it has shown regular use of propolis to reduce cancer cells, according to people with cancer.

Fennel is a plant that can be drunk as tea in all seasons. Fennel is rich in C, calcium, potassium, and fiber. Besides its property of increasing breast milk, it can be useful in preventing breast cancer. This plant has natural levels of estrogen and is therefore very useful in preventing breast cancer and preventing the growth of cancer cells.

Asparagus is the most important plant in preventing and improving various cancers. According to research conducted in European countries, some believe that this plant has miraculous effects on stopping the growth of cancer cells in patients. Although these claims have not yet been fully substantiated, new research shows that this plant has been effective in treating and reducing the activity of lymph node cancer cells.

It is best to consult your doctor about taking any herbal medicine to treat breast cancer

Healthy foods for the liver: water, fruits, sour lemons, 4-5 units of vegetables a day, natural pickles (such as barberry, which is the best medicine), citrus fruits, whole grains. Peas, apples, berries, grapes, celery, cinnamon, cilantro, saffron, mung bean, fenugreek, olives, ginger, turmeric, figs, lettuce, spinach, carrots, barberry, and squash.

Treatment of fatty liver with the recommendations of traditional medicine and nutrition

1- The first recommendation is to improve diet and lifestyle. Reducing the consumption of fatty meats and sugars and consuming more fruits and vegetables is a very useful general recommendation.

2- Replacing meat with soy Replacing dinner with a salad including carrots, cabbage, lettuce, horseradish, radish, vinegar, apple juice, avoiding drinking water between meals, using more garlic, onion, fresh vegetables, lemon, and apple in the diet Daily is very useful.

3. Eat 5 dried apricots every day

4- Eat 7 chicory leaves or a glass of chicory sweat

5-Another way to treat fatty liver and reduce fat absorption in the body is to consume ginger in the weekly diet. People who use ginger 2 to 3 times a week can benefit from its healing properties in increasing metabolism and reducing the absorption of fats. For this purpose, you can grate a piece of ginger in a bowl of yogurt and eat it after meals.

6- Eat half a gram of saffron, which is both a prevention and a cure

Herbal infusions to treat fatty liver

1- Drinking sage infusion is also effective. Gradual weight loss and daily exercise can be significantly useful in the treatment of fatty liver. Note, however, that sudden weight loss may exacerbate this problem.

2. Peppermint is the element that is the same as plain onion and mouse onion, and the Arabs call it basil.

3- Herbal sweat of leek, sage, and chicory are among the effective herbal medicines in controlling and treating fatty liver. Because of their cold and wet nature, these herbal drinks reduce the amount of cholesterol in the blood and help to cleanse the liver and body from toxins and waste products.

It was very interesting answer from Shibabrata Pattanayak

Hi Emmanuel,

A country is too large for this type of survey. I guess you need to use multi-stage sampling also known as cluster sampling.

You will need to stratify the country into separate homogenous units (e.g. based on ecology, ethnicity, administrative units, etc.). Within each cluster again find a homogenous distinguishing feature. Go on identifying subunits until the smallest possible one and then randomly selected units within the last unit. A very useful text on this sampling approach is by De Vaus (2014). De Vaus, D. 2014. Surveys In Social Research. 6th edition. Routledge.

What I have not yet figured out is if I have e.g. 10 units at the second stage (cluster), what proportion I should take of these 10.

One should choose herbal remedies with scientific precaution. Self medication should not be encouraged. Yet coming on your question, there are multiple remedies mentioned in Ayurved for chronic cough and cold.

The best drug of choice is Curcuma longa commonly known as Turmeric. The powder of Turmeric with warm milk will show excellent result.

Beside it, there is formulation called Chyawanprash avaleha. This product is a proven immunity booster. It is beneficial for all the biological systems. But one should keep consuming it for longer duration, preferably for lifetime.

Following...

Dear Samarakoon Mudiyanselage Samantha Samarakoon

Which compound you mean? Please, can you explain your question in clear details?

Regards

follow ICH, WHO and API part 1 vol 9 guidelines for stability study. Physico chemical variation should be more than 25%.

for quantitative: active component may be decided based on its indication, its variation should not be more than 20%

Solid herbal material or food material when manufactured, their composition already analyzed including its metals content , so there are no toxic metals exist to the composition of Solid herbal material or food material.

Normally, heavy metals removal processes are bio accumulation and bio-absorption, by plants .

I studied on bio accumulation and bio-absorption of heavy metals by seaweeds. It shows seaweeds actively bio accumulate and bio-absorb of heavy metals from water and sediment.

Other literature reports regarding bio accumulation and bio-absorption of heavy metals other plants.

sesame oil would not be toxic per se, but there would be a limit beyond which digestive difficulties would be encountered which would threaten the reproducibility of your experiment.Perhaps if you did not take the extract to complete dryness on the rotavap, you could more easily mix it into a vehicle that the mice could tolerate- When you find a suitable vehicle, try the blank vehicle on the mice and record observations. Good luck!

Dear David Haddaway ,

Thank you for your thoughtful answer. There is so much to learn and it is so easy to scoff at that which we do not understand. Continued success with your mission.

brigid

GC-MS analysis helps in the identification of compounds

You may try freeze-drying in a speed-vacuum concentrator. As the drying process is run in a vacuum condition so it may help to minimise air-borne microbes.

this maybe helpful:

https://www.pharmacognosy.us/pharmacognosy-links/pharmacognosy-graduate-programs/

Hi Cyril Ogbuanu

I am from Malaysia. Please contact with me as soon as possible. There are many potential supervisor that i can help you cordially. Thank you.

Maybe this method be useful even in Covid 19 remediation or prevention too! as Usual great dear Dear Prof Parisa Ziarati!

Ratio or concentration, what do you mean.

I think that the max concentration is dependant on the use, how much is taken per day and for how many days.

Read

and https://www.drugs.com/inactive/sodium-benzoate-242.html

Exactly my point.. Thankyou

Interesting question

I would recommend laser diffraction such as by the Malvern Mastersizer instrument for measuring particle size of emulsions.

Mostly herbal formulation are polyherbal. Mixture of secondary metabolites are present in these formulations but we can not know about secondary metabolite which is responsible for activity. It is very difficult to standardize these formulations.

Please look at the following below links which may help you in your analysis:

https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy06osti/38849.pdf

Thanks

@ Dr. Md Rabiul Alam

In rural and semi-urban India, traditional medicines are still the first option for treatment of diseases. People of all generations understand the importance of traditional medicines, that's why they are gradually shifting towards natural and plant based medicines as stated by Professor Amit Baran Sharangi Sir in his post.

Thanks!

Perform a lipase colorimetric assay in the presence and absence of selected herbal extract. Use para nitrophenylpalmitate as a substrate for lipase assays. You may follow some of our articles for lipase assay.

You asked a very important question and we need good answers.

HPTLC