Hemocytes - Science topic

Decapod Iridescent Virus 1 (DIV1) is a highly pathogenic virus threatening crustacean aquaculture. Hemocytes, the primary immune cells in shrimp, play crucial roles in host defense, yet their transcriptional heterogeneity and differentiation dynamics under viral infection remain poorly understood. Here, we characterize hemocyte subpopulations in Ma...

Nitrite is a significant toxic substance that causes acute toxicity in aquatic animals. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying nitrite tolerance remain largely unidentified. Here, we investigated the physiological and transcriptomic profiles of nitrite-sensitive and nitrite-tolerant families of the white shrimp Penaeus vannamei under nitrite...

Stingless bees, vital to ecosystems and plant production, face increasing threats from pesticide use, with poorly understood potential impacts of fungicides on these pollinators. The goal of this work was to evaluate the effect of contact or oral exposure to difenoconazole, a broad-spectrum fungicide, on foragers of three species of stingless bees:...

Spodoptera frugiperda is a major migratory agricultural pest that poses a significant threat to global crop safety. Metarhizium rileyi has emerged as an effective biocontrol agent against lepidopteran pests. In this study, we examined the immune responses of third-instar S. frugiperda larvae at various stages of an M. rileyi infection. Using RNA-se...

The midgut and fat body of insects control key physiological processes, including growth, digestion, metabolism, and stress response. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) is a promising way to reveal organ complexity at the cellular level, yet data for lepidopteran insects are lacking. We utilized snRNA-seq to assess cellular diversity in the...

For successful transmission, the malaria parasite must traverse tissue epithelia and survive attack from the insect’s innate immune system. Hemocytes play a multitude of roles in mosquitoes, including defense against invading pathogens. Here, we show that hemocytes of the major malaria vector Anopheles gambiae promote Plasmodium falciparum infectio...

Cells are thought to adopt mechanistically distinct migration modes depending on cell-type and environmental factors. These modes are assumed to be driven by mutually exclusive actin cytoskeletal organizations, which are either lamellar (flat, branched network) or cortical (crosslinked to the plasma membrane). Here we exploit Drosophila macrophage...

Larvae of Galleria mellonella are well known for their parasitisation of honeybees, so developing new methods of controlling the pest population is an important issue. The present research examined the immunotoxic effects of 2-octenoic acid against wax moth larvae. The last instar larvae were used for all experimental analyses. The tested fatty aci...

Insects lack the adaptive, antibody mediated responses of vertebrates, yet they possess a robust innate immune system capable of defending the host against pathogens. Immune priming has been observed in multiple insect species, wherein exposure to a pathogen provides protection against subsequent infections by the pathogen. Less frequently, heterol...

BACKGROUND Insects rely on their effective innate immune system to defend against pathogen infection, and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play a crucial role in insect immunity. Galectins, a family of animal β‐galactoside‐binding lectins, may serve as PRRs. Mammalian galectins are involved in diverse physiological processes; however, less is k...

Background Tick hemolymph is a sterile fluid that carries nutrients to maintain tick health. The hemolymph creates a hostile environment for invaders including the destruction of microorganisms by its circulating hemocytes. However, Babesia parasites escape and disseminate to other organs through the hemolymph to continue their transmission life cy...

ABSTRACT: Metal cytotoxicity associated with hemocytes in Bellamya bengalensis (Mollusca, Gastropoda) Monoj Das 2 **, Anindita Chakraborty 2 , Tithi Dutta 2 and Srikanta Guria 1 * Effect of streptozotocin (STZ) on kidney cells and liver cells in mice Anindita Chakraborty 2 *, Monoj Das 2 , Tithi Dutta 2 and Srikanta Guria 1 * Study of macrophage...

The study investigated the dietary effects of Foeniculum vulgare (FV) ethanolic extract on the growth and immunity of Giant River Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). Initially, FV was identified as the most effective antimicrobial agent among 24 screened spices with minimal cytotoxicity. Juvenile prawns (2.1 ± 0.25 g) were assigned to three dietary...

Cuproptosis is a novel cell death dependent on mitochondrial respiration and regulated by copper. While the study of it is mainly focused on tumor therapy, in the present study, two key cuproptosis-related genes, ferredoxin (FDX1) and dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (DLAT) homologs (designated as CgFDX1 and CgDLAT), were identified from Crasso...

Insects can repair wounds and regenerate body parts in response to physical damage. Wound healing in butterfly pupal wing tissues is developmentally interesting because ectopic color patterns develop during healing, suggesting that normal and damage-induced color patterns may use similar mechanisms. Here we physiologically investigated wound healin...

The mosquito midgut functions as a key interface between pathogen and vector. However, studies of midgut physiology and virus infection dynamics are scarce, and in Culex tarsalis—an extremely efficient vector of West Nile virus (WNV)—nonexistent. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing on Cx. tarsalis midguts, defined multiple cell types, and deter...

This present report reveals the important aspects of sodium and potassium nitrite-induced genotoxicity during the development of a model organism, Drosophila melanogaster . Dietary sodium nitrite at ≥20 mM concentration caused significant nuclear deformation of two important larval cells, namely hemocytes and neuroblasts, that play important roles...

Temperature significantly influences the distribution and survival of bivalve populations, with elevated temperatures resulting in increased mortality rates. Research indicates that temperature fluctuations can markedly affect bivalve immune responses, including gene expression, hemocyte concentrations, and overall immunocompetence. Higher temperat...

Background Spermatogenesis is a complex process of cellular differentiation that commences with the division of spermatogonia stem cells, ultimately resulting in the production of functional spermatozoa. However, a substantial gap remains in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and key driver genes that underpin this process, particularly...

Haliotid herpesvirus 1 (HAHV-1) causes significant damage to the abalone aquaculture industry. Knowledge of HAHV-1 invasion and host defense mechanisms is limited due to the lack of stable molluscan cell lines. The present study established an in vitro infection model of HAHV-1 using the primary suspension cultures of hemocytes from Haliotis divers...

Pinctada fucata martensii (P. f. martensii) is one of the main pearl oysters cultured in artificial seawater in China. However, it is highly susceptible to pathogen infection under intensive cultivation near the coast. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as an innovative and potent regulator of immune function, play a pivotal role in the immune response of pearl o...

Tachykinin, a class of neuropeptides known for their direct interaction with vascular endothelial cells, plays a role in several essential physiological processes. This study aimed to investigate the role of tachykinin in the innate immunity of crustaceans, with a specific focus on hemocyte proliferation. RNA interference technology was employed to...

Herbicides are synthetic chemicals that are extensively employed in agricultural practices with the objective of enhancing crop yield and quality. Despite their selectivity for plant systems and being generally regarded as non-toxic to animals, there is a paucity of understanding surrounding the sublethal effects on non-target organisms, including...

Metschnikowia bicuspidata is the specific pathogen for “milky disease” in the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis), accounting for huge losses to the industry. And yet, there is no precise study describing the pathogenesis of M. bicuspidata, largely hindering the development of novel control methods against its causing diseases. Here, we compar...

This study seeks to assess the impact of varying concentrations of lysophospholipids on the antioxidant capacity, digestive performance, and intestinal microbiota of L. vannamei. A total of 840 shrimp, with an average initial weight of 2.22 ± 0.11 g, were randomly distributed across 28 aquaculture tanks (30 shrimp per tank), organized into 7 distin...

Present study aimed at improving the immune and antioxidant response of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) cultured at high stocking density fed with 0.2% supplementation of lauric acid (LA) and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Shrimp (initial average weight = 0.65 g; n = 270) were grown at low stocking density (LSD) (n = 10/0.80 ft³ per replica...

Toll‐like receptor (TLR) is one of the most important pattern recognition receptors in both invertebrate and vertebrate animals. In previous study, three different kinds of TLR cDNAs (PtToll1‐3) have been cloned from Portunus trituberculatus. In this study, a novel PtToll4 cDNA sequence was identified in this crab. The PtToll4 ORF is predicted to e...

Organismal ageing is associated with a decline in cellular and molecular functions. One of the hallmarks of ageing is stem cell exhaustion which occurs due to dynamic changes in the stem cell niche microenvironment. Ageing affects stem cell potency impacting self-renewal and differentiation trajectories. Blood cell homeostasis in the hematopoietic...

With the development of deep learning (DL) techniques, there has been a successful application of this approach to determine biological age from latent information contained in retinal images. Retinal age gap (RAG) defined as the difference between chronological age and predicted retinal age has been established previously to predict the age-relate...

Hemolymph enables communication between organs in insects and ensures necessary coordination and homeostasis. Its composition can provide important information about the physiological state of an insect and can have diagnostic significance, which might be particularly important in the case of harmful insects subjected to biological control. Galleri...

POSTER TITLE: "Hemocytes of Freshwater Snail Bellamya Bengalensis: A Useful Tool for Assessing Environmental Challenges". AUTHORS: Srikanta Guria*, Monoj Das, Anindita Chakraborty and Tithi Dutta Poster Number is PP-F-35. International Conference, ICBS-2025 Organized by Surendranath College, Kolkata 3rd January, 2025 Poster Presentation

The current study was carried out to examine the effects of four different experimental salinities (T1 = 0‰, T2 = 5‰, T3 = 10‰, and T4 = 15‰) on growth, water quality, proximate composition, total bacterial (TB), and hemocyte counts of white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and giant prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in biofloc based nursery bi-cu...

The hematopoietic tissue (HPT) and anterior proliferation center (APC) are the main hemocyte-producing organs of the freshwater crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus. To deepen our understanding of immune responses to various pathogens, it is essential to identify distinct hemocyte subpopulations with specific functions and to further explore how thes...

Parasitoid elimination in Drosophila melanogaster involves special hemocytes, called lamellocytes, which encapsulate the eggs or larvae of the parasitoid wasps. The capsules are melanized, and metabolites of the melanization reaction may play a potential role in parasitoid killing. We have observed a variation in the melanization capacity of differ...

Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis, caused by B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV), threatens sericulture seriously. To explore strategies for controlling it, the UDP glycosyltransferase gene UGT41A3 (BmUGT41A3) was targeted. UGT is involved in exogenous substances detoxification and endogenous biomass regulation in insects. Early embryos of the BmNP...

A pathology characterized by multifocal reddish patches on the cuticle of shrimp has been reported by shrimp farmers in Latin America. These red patches are commonly associated with small black necrotic spots and white muscle necrosis. One significant impact of this pathology is the reduction in shrimp prices due to the appearance of the animals be...

Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), functions as a molecular chaperone in protein biosynthesis play an important role in signal transduction, immune responses and embryogenesis. However, the function research of HSP90 in invertebrates is limited. To further understand the role and mechanism of HSP90 in immune and stress response, we have isolated the th...

Bacillus thuringiensis-based biological insecticides are highly specific to various types of insects, while being considered environmentally safe. The Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata is one of the most common insect pests of solanaceous crops worldwide. Its wide distribution across different climatic zones (i.e. high ecological pla...

Background Biomphalaria glabrata acts as the intermediate host of schistosomes that causes human schistosomiasis. Symbiotic bacteria, Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus associated with Steinernema and Heterorhabditis, produce secondary metabolites with several biological activities. Controlling B. glabrata is a potential strategy to limit the transmissio...

The venoms of Theraphosidae spiders have evolved into diverse natural pharmacopeias through selective pressures. Cryptococcus neoformans is a global health threat that frequently causes life-threatening meningitis and fungemia, particularly in immunocompromised patients. In this study, we identify a novel anti-C. neoformans peptide, QS18 (QCFKVCFRK...

Polyphenol‐rich sugarcane extract (PRSE) is a product of sugarcane obtained from the sugar refinery industry and can potentially be used as a feed additive in farmed animals. The purposes of the current study were to evaluate the effects of PRSE on growth performance, survival, immune responses, and resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus and white s...

Abstract. Recent decades have seen a growing interest in comparative immunology. Among invertebrates, molluscs and arthropods are the most extensively studied models. This monographic article is a comparative immunological analysis of the defense reactions in gastropods and bivalves. It discusses the results of contemporary studies and the main hyp...

Introduction: Infectious Myonecrosis Virus (IMNV) attack vannamei shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei ) in the muscles and hepatopancreas that threatens shrimp culture. Strategies to avoid mortality can be carried out through squid ( Loligo sp. ) ink powder to improve the body's defense system. The study aimed at investigating the effects of squid ( Loli...

Pectinidae species are prominent shellfish in the Adriatic Sea, valued for their commercial and ecological importance. Among them, the queen scallop, Aequipecten opercularis, has not yet demonstrated long-term viability in captivity, posing challenges for aquaculture. However, successful aquaculture of A. opercularis could reduce the adverse effect...

Ixodid ticks serve as hosts and transmission vectors for several obligate intracellular bacteria, including members of the spotted fever group (SFG) of Rickettsia. Although ticks generate an immune response to bacterial insults, many of the signaling molecules associated with the response and how they may contribute to vector competence for Rickett...

The immune system of freshwater crabs is an intricate network essential for their survival in pathogen-rich environments. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying immune responses in the hemolymph of freshwater crabs. Key components such as hemocytes, antimicrobial peptides, and the prophenoloxidase system ar...

Immune priming confers a sustained, augmented response of innate immune cells to a secondary challenge, a process that is characteristically reliant on metabolic reprogramming. Recent evidence suggests that histone demethylases play essential roles in the immune priming, while its regulation role in the metabolic reprogramming remains largely unkno...

Turandot (Tot) family proteins, which are induced via the JAK/STAT pathway after infection, also suppress lymph gland tumors in Drosophila mxcmbn1 mutant larvae. We investigated the potential role of hemocytes in Tot induction in tumor-bearing mutants via immunostaining and RNAi experiments. Normal hemocytes transplanted into mutant larvae were rec...

Introduction: Species of the ananassae subgroup of Drosophilidae are highly resistant to parasitoid wasp infections. We have previously shown that the genes encoding cytolethal distending toxin B (CdtB) and the apoptosis inducing protein of 56 kDa (AIP56) were horizontally transferred to these fly species from prokaryotes and are now instrumental i...

Background Exercise in humid and hot environments (HHEs) may result in decreased perception, motor performance, and memory owing to endogenous heat production and exogenous load. However, whether a single bout of exercise (SBOE) intensity affects the magnitude of changes in the levels of hemocytes remains controversial. In this article, we aimed to...

Inflammation plays an essential role in the phases of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as the joints secrete a range of molecules that modulate the inflammatory process. While therapies based on physical properties have shown effectiveness in a range of animal experimental models, the understanding of their biological mechanisms remains unclear. The aim o...

The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas is known to have an exceptional ability to accumulate zinc, which endows it with robust resistance to pathogens and makes it an excellent source of dietary zinc. ZIP1 has been identified as an important zinc uptake protein in other species, but its role in oysters remains unclear. In the present study, a ZIP1 ho...

Vibriosis, caused by various Vibrio species, poses a significant challenge in the aquaculture of Litopenaeus vannamei. Bacteriophages present a promising biocontrol option due to their ability to specifically target and kill bacteria without harmful side effects. This study evaluates the effectiveness of bacteriophages isolated from shrimp intestin...

Polyethylene and polystyrene are massively used around the world in various applications and are the most abundant plastic waste. Once in the marine environment, under the influence of physical and chemical factors, plastic products degrade, changing from the size category of macroplastics to microplastics. In order to study the effect of plastic o...

During the investigation of parasitic pathogens of Mytilus coruscus, infection of a Perkinsus-like protozoan parasite was detected by alternative Ray's Fluid Thioglycolate Medium (ARFTM). The diameter of hypnospores or prezoosporangia was 8–27 (15.6 ± 4.0, n = 111) μm. The prevalence of the Perkinsus-like species in M. coruscus was 25 and 12.5% usi...

The Nrf2/ARE pathway is considered the most important endogenous antioxidant signaling pathway in mammals, playing a crucial role in defending against external damage. This study investigated the functional characteristics of Nrf2 in the abalone, Haliotis discus hannai. The full-length cDNA sequence of the HdhNrf2 gene was cloned using rapid amplif...

Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are a class of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that activate the innate immune system in response to microbial infection by detection of peptidoglycan, a distinct component of bacterial cell walls. Bioinformatic studies have revealed four PGRPs in the red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta; nonethel...

This study aimed to assess the water culture supplementation of fermented prebiotic (mannanoligosaccharide, MOS) and probiotic (Bacillus subtilis WB60) on water quality parameters, growth performance, feed utilization, immunity response, intestinal microbes, and histological investigations of Pacific whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) challenge...