Healthcare Systems - Science topic

Introduction: The aging population presents significant challenges to healthcare systems globally. In Oman, the National Program for Elderly Care (ECP) aims to address these challenges by providing comprehensive services through the primary healthcare (PHC) system. This study evaluates the effectiveness of Oman's PHC system in meeting the needs of...

As human life expectancy continues to rise, becoming a pressing global concern, it brings into focus the underlying mechanisms of aging. The increasing lifespan has led to a growing elderly population grappling with age-related diseases (ARDs), which strains healthcare systems and economies worldwide. While human senescence was once regarded as an...

Study Objectives: To develop a comprehensive Asian Adult Sleep Medicine Fellowship Training Curriculum to address the significant disparities in sleep medicine training across Asia, guided by the principle of "One Curriculum, Many Contexts," providing a standardized yet adaptable framework for sleep medicine education across the diverse healthcare...

This research explores the complex interplay between race, education, and health within medical and clinical contexts, focusing on how historical and contemporary racialized knowledge systems influence medical curricula, clinical practices, and patient outcomes. By integrating Critical Race Theory (CRT), Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), and Social Ca...

Person-centered medicine shapes a substantial paradigm shift in healthcare practice, one that places an emphasis on the need for individualized concern and care for all stakeholders, patients, staff, and local communities. This type of healthcare practice prioritizes the respect for the inherent dignity and humanity of all individuals, yet it is of...

The US healthcare system relies on trustworthy and effective data exchange. Yet its data flows are impaired by pervasive conflicting interests and incentives and the lack of authentic data, leading to persistent inefficiencies. By ensuring authentic data, decentralized identity (ID) presents a potential solution. However, information systems (ISs)...

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ HIV prevention has seen significant advancements through various approaches, yet one of the most impactful strategies is leveraging local leadership in grassroots communities. Local leaders, including health workers, religious figures,...

As global life expectancy increases, HIV prevention strategies must adapt to address the unique needs of elderly populations, who are often overlooked in traditional HIV prevention efforts. While HIV is typically associated with younger adults, the elderly are increasingly at risk due to factors such as unprotected sex, misconceptions about HIV tra...

Background The China Rural Hypertension Control Project (CRHCP) is a nonphysician-led community-based hypertension intervention program that has demonstrated clear benefits in improving blood pressure (BP) control and reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease events among hypertensive patients in rural areas of China. However, it is currentl...

The study presents a novel strategy in a resource-constrained environment: the application of sophisticated machine learning regression models (such as GPR, SVM, and Neural Networks) to forecast the economic and health benefits of free dialysis in Ghana. By combining health and economic outcomes, the study closes a significant gap and demonstrates...

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is one of the major health problems in the elderly population, which contributes significantly to the decline in quality of life. Innovations in the management of elderly health through collaborative approaches between health professionals is a new step that is expected to improve the effectiveness of tr...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that primarily affects older adults and is characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive dysfunction. The disease is the most common type of dementia worldwide and imposes a significant burden on patients, families and society. More than 50 million people worldwide are affected by Alz...

Interprofessional Education (IPE) and Interprofessional Collaboration (IPC) are essential approaches to improving healthcare quality. However, the implementation of IPE/IPC in developing countries faces numerous challenges, particularly related to curriculum integration, resources, infrastructure, and cultural barriers. This study aims to analyze t...

Jens Lachmund/Gunnar Stollberg, Patientenwelten, Krankheit und Medizin vom späten 18. bis zum frühen 20. Jahrhundert im Spiegel der Autobiographien, Opladen, Leske + Budrich, 1995, 242 Seiten, ISBN: 3-8100-1384-6. Wer sich mit der historischen Medizinanthropologie und deren Entwicklung in Deutschland vom 18. bis zum 20. Jahrhundert beschäftigen w...

Aim This study examines the factors contributing to HPV vaccine hesitancy using Rodgers's evolutionary concept analysis, focusing on the impact of uncertainties about the vaccine on HPV‐related diseases despite its availability. Design Rodgers's evolutionary concept analysis was applied to explore factors leading to HPV vaccine hesitancy. The anal...

Healthcare systems globally are transforming through technological innovations such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and blockchain. Medicaid, which supports millions of low-income individuals in the United States, stands at the cusp of benefitting from these advancements. This paper delves into how AI improves Medicaid services through predictive a...

FRAGESTELLUNG: Das Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) ist das meist identifizierte Pathogen, welches akute Infektionen der unteren Atemwege auslöst und gehört zu den führenden Ursachen für Morbidität und Mortalität bei Kindern unter fünf Jahren. Dies führt jährlich zu einer Überlastung des Gesundheitssystems und obwohl diverse Guidelines die empfohl...

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming several sectors. Particularly in healthcare, where its ability to improve health and wellbeing is becoming increasingly evident. This article delves into the many ways AI can contribute to enhancements in health and wellbeing. By thoroughly examining recent advancements and applications, we explo...

Patient safety is a top priority in healthcare systems and serves as a critical indicator of service quality. One approach gaining increasing attention is interprofessional collaboration, where various healthcare professions work synergistically to deliver safe, effective, and coordinated care. This study aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the...

Although medication oversupply results in waste of medications, triggers of medication oversupply remain unclear. This nationwide retrospective cohort study aimed to identify associated factors and causes of chronic disease medication oversupply in Japan by quantitative and qualitative analyses. Data of financial year 2019 from a large insurance cl...

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has had an extreme global impact, transforming our daily lives, educational systems, and healthcare systems. Healthcare workers’ views on mandatory vaccination and experience with vaccines may play a pivotal role in vaccination rates and public health policy. Objectives The purpose of this study is to uncover the p...

Background: COVID-19 has posed substantial challenges to healthcare systems globally, emphasizing the need for robust epidemiological tracking, particularly in regions like Saudi Arabia where distinct variations in case rates necessitate specialized public health strategies. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to identify the most effective model...

Background Young people’s sexual health decision-making, including decisions to access and adhere to HIV prevention strategies such as Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP), are influenced by a range of internal and external factors. Synthesizing these factors is essential to guide the development of youth-focused PrEP health promotion strategies to cont...

Introduction/Objectives With redistribution of resources and time during the COVID-19 pandemic, the Thrive Bridge Clinic altered its focus, alongside the changes in the healthcare system and needs of the population. This paper describes how the Thrive clinic services have been altered between 2019 and 2022 as a result of COVID-19. Methods Data was...

Diabetes is a chronic health condition affecting millions globally, causing severe complications and burdening healthcare systems. Current machine learning methods for diabetes prediction face challenges such as data imbalance, limited generalizability, and computational inefficiency. This study proposes a novel method that combines K-Nearest Neigh...

Background Limited research exists on the risks and spectrum of complications in post‐acute phase of COVID‐19 in cancer patients. This study aimed to evaluate the post‐acute effects of COVID‐19 on different types of morbidities among cancer patients across two regions with different healthcare systems and dominant variants of COVID‐19. Materials a...

El médico familiar es la puerta de entrada al sistema de salud, responsable de reconocer, diagnosticar e iniciar tratamiento; así como, en los casos que corresponda, referir a otro especialista. Tradicionalmente se asociaba a la salud al estado físico; no obstante, la visión integral de la salud ha demostrado que la salud mental es un aspecto funda...

A crescente incidência de distúrbios neurológicos é um desafio global que afeta milhões de indivíduos, exigindo atenção especial para diagnóstico e tratamento nos serviços de saúde. Este estudo, focado no estado do Tocantins, Brasil, explora as condições neurológicas mais prevalentes, sublinhando a importância crítica da preparação dos médicos gene...

Background/Objectives: The World Federation of the Deafblind Global Report 2023 reports that many countries do not have a comprehensive identification, assessment, and referral system for persons with deafblindness, a combination of hearing and vision loss, across all age groups and geographic regions. The scan seeks to inform researchers, policyma...

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become an omnipresent topic in the media. Lively discussions are being held on how AI could revolutionize the global healthcare landscape. The development of innovative AI models, including in the medical sector, is increasingly dominated by large high-tech companies. As a global technology epicenter, Silicon Valley...

Background/Objectives: Older adults need specialised dental care due to age-related changes and chronic conditions, but inadequate coordination and capacity hinder access to domiciliary oral care. This review explores the characteristics, barriers, facilitators, caregiver education, and outcomes of domiciliary oral care to improve services for frai...

Introduction Strong hospital leadership is critical to navigating the challenges of the Canadian healthcare system. Currently, physicians and nurses tend to be selected to fulfil hospital executive roles. To date, we found only limited research exploring who else could or should be in these roles, or how more diverse groups of professionals navigat...

A hipertensão arterial é uma das principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade em todo o mundo, representando um desafio significativo para os sistemas de saúde, sendo frequentemente associada a alterações funcionais e/ou estruturais nos órgãos-alvo, como coração, cérebro, rins e vasos sanguíneos, além de distúrbios metabólicos. Este estudo investig...

There are 6800 Canadians living with proximal wrist amputations and 22.3M people worldwide with an upper extremity amputation. Myoelectric prosthesis has shown better cost saving outcome for the Canadian healthcare system relative to hand vascularized composite allotransplantation, especially for unilateral amputation. This study leverages surface...

The increasing shortage of nursing staff and the acute risk of falls in nursing homes pose significant challenges for the healthcare system. This study presents the development of an automated fall detection system integrated into care beds, aimed at enhancing patient safety without compromising privacy through wearables or video monitoring. Mechan...

While socioeconomic status impacts every individual, the early years of life are crucial in influencing future health and well-being. This paper examines the interplay of socioeconomic status, health education and outcomes for juvenile patients in the United Kingdom and Chile. Despite different healthcare systems, both countries experience health i...

As early as 1978, the World Health Organization set primary healthcare as the basis on which health systems should be built worldwide. However, the health systems of the different countries show considerable variations in terms of the implementation of gatekeeping from primary to secondary healthcare and direct access to specialists and hospital ca...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible neurological condition which according to WHO affects more than 55 million individuals globally and is the leading cause of dementia and thereby poses a significant burden on healthcare systems worldwide. AD progresses through stages of mild cognitive impairment to severe dementia and is ch...

To enhance the capacity for early and effective management of genital tract infections at primary and secondary levels of the healthcare system, we developed a prediction model, validated internally to help predict individual risk of self-reported genital tract infections (sGTIs) at the community level in Ghana. The study involved 32973 men and wom...

Interprofessional Collaboration (IPC) is an essential strategy in healthcare to address complex patient needs through cross-disciplinary teamwork. The main objective is to create synergy among healthcare professionals to enhance service quality, patient safety, and system efficiency. Interprofessional Education (IPE) acts as a fundamental approach...

Dementia affects millions of people worldwide, and poses significant challenges due to its irreversible nature and a lack of effective treatment options. Dementia has a considerable influence on people and society and puts a heavy burden on the healthcare systems. This underscores an urgent need for proactive measures to address this public health...

Decision-making in complex and uncertain environments is a cornerstone of intelligent systems, from robotics and autonomous vehicles to dynamic resource allocation and personalized recommendations. Traditional approaches often struggle to adapt to rapidly changing scenarios and incomplete information. Reinforcement learning (RL), with its ability t...

The treatment of HR+/HER2− metastatic breast cancer (MBC) in postmenopausal women has evolved significantly with the advent of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors. These drugs have demonstrated substantial clinical efficacy, improving progression-free survival and overall outcomes. However, the cost-effectiveness of these therapies...

Medical secretaries, also known as medical office assistants or healthcare administrators, ensure that healthcare organizations and the broader healthcare delivery systems are run daily. Explores the broad growing utility of medical secretaries in clinical organizations, specifically concerning patient treatment and clinical operation in healthcare...

A Doença Renal Crônica (DRC) é uma condição progressiva caracterizada pela perda irreversível da função renal, afetando milhões de pessoas globalmente. Esta patologia representa um grande desafio para os sistemas de saúde, devido à sua alta prevalência e aos custos com o tratamento, especialmente em estágios avançados, quando a diálise ou transplan...

Non-oncological chronic pain imposes a significant global burden, and its prevalence is increasing. The World Health Organisation and UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence promote patient-centered care as an effective approach to treating chronic non-oncological pain. This approach improves long term health outcomes by identifying ro...

Trialogue meetings, aligned with the Recovery model in mental healthcare, foster the development of a shared language and mutual understanding among persons with lived experience, their relatives, and professionals. This study analysed the first mental health trialogue experience in Barcelona, involving six meetings with thirteen voluntary particip...

Background/Objectives: Chest disease identification for Tuberculosis and Pneumonia diseases presents diagnostic challenges due to overlapping radiographic features and the limited availability of expert radiologists, especially in developing countries. The present study aims to address these challenges by developing a Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD)...

Este artigo analisa a negligência estatal em relação à saúde mental no Brasil, abordando a falta de investimento, estrutura e profissionais capacitados no sistema de saúde mental. A negligência viola os direitos fundamentais à vida, saúde e conquista da pessoa humana, garantidos pela Constituição Federal. As doenças sentidas, como depressão, ansied...

Anti‐peritoneal adhesions (PA) are very important after abdominal surgery for that PA often leads to other medical problems and imposes a huge financial burden on the national healthcare system. In this work, a “Janus” zwitterionic hydrogel patch where one side can adhere firmly to the tissue, while the other side has anti‐fouling properties and ha...

Interest in the transition of care for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients has grown significantly over time, driven by advancements in treatment that have extended life expectancy. As more CF patients survive into adulthood, the need for structured transition strategies has become a priority for healthcare systems worldwide. Transition programs for CF d...

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) have significant costs to global healthcare systems and negative impacts on patient safety. HAIs have become a significant economic and health problem in healthcare services by causing increased treatment costs, prolonged hospital stays, and increased patient mortality rates. According to studies in the liter...

El cáncer ha dejado una profunda huella a nivel mundial, con una tasa de incidencia en constante aumento. Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), se estima que hubo alrededor de 19.3 millones de nuevos casos de cáncer en 2020 (1). Identificar los factores asociados a la adherencia al tratamiento de quimioterapia en pacientes con cáncer en...

Background When choosing between different treatment options, implants often appear too costly. However, this perspective does not take future costs into account. This article evaluates lifetime costs for different surgical interventions to treat hearing loss. Methods The analysis focused on three groups from the perspective of health insurers. Gr...

Background Surveillance of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), a chronic, debilitating multisystem illness, is challenging because ME/CFS can be under-recognized in healthcare settings. Methods Using a population-based panel study of 9,820 adult members of Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), a large, integrated he...

A atenção primária à saúde é um elemento central nos sistemas de saúde ao redor do mundo, desempenhando um papel fundamental na promoção da acessibilidade, continuidade e abrangência no atendimento das populações. Sua estrutura orienta-se pela oferta de cuidados integrais e coordenados, sendo considerada a porta de entrada preferencial para o siste...

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, fueled by the highly transmissible and mutable SARS-CoV-2 virus, has disrupted global health, economies, and daily life since late 2019. The virus's capacity to mutate into novel variants poses significant challenges to prevention and control efforts, altering its transmissibility, virulence, and potential for immune...

Background The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on healthcare systems and the general population. However, it remains unclear to what extent these major societal changes have had an impact on the management of hip fractures in older people in Japan. Therefore, we investigated the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the number of patients w...

The introduction of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors has transformed the management of HR+/HER2− metastatic breast cancer (MBC), significantly improving progression-free survival and overall outcomes in postmenopausal women. However, these treatments come at a substantial cost, raising questions about their overall value in the conte...

Introduction Identification and reporting of severe adverse events (SAEs) during anesthesia care remains critical in identifying areas of improvement in perioperative patient care. Although many healthcare organizations rely on the self-reporting of SAEs, under-reporting may limit the identification of the true incidence of these events. To circumv...

Background Specialty care is a critical component of the healthcare system in the United States (US). Despite the frequency and importance of specialty referrals, disparities accessing specialty care have been reported across geographic regions and sociodemographic groups in the US. Methods The purpose of this study is to help inform health policy...

Racism continues to plague Western societies’ institutions, including the healthcare system. Despite the evidence of racism’s negative impacts on healthcare providers, administrators, patients, and families, healthcare workers report hesitancy in taking action to address racism in the workplace. Simulation, with its experiential pedagogy and founda...

The rising prevalence of Type 1 diabetes (T1D) presents significant challenges for healthcare systems and affects millions of individuals worldwide. This review evaluated the effectiveness of telemedicine in enhancing glycemic control and quality of life (QoL) for adults with T1D. Telemedicine, encompassing remote monitoring, virtual consultations,...

Background The topic of patient safety and attitudes toward patient safety among health professionals is a main priority of healthcare systems globally. This study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of APSQ-III among Iranian nursing students. Methods There were 307 undergraduate nursing students who participated in the cross-sectional...

Abstrak Interprofessional education and collaboration (IPE/IPC) are essential in addressing the complex challenges of the modern healthcare system. This article explores strategies for interprofessional collaboration in education as an approach to improving the quality of healthcare services. The research demonstrates that integrating IPE/IPC into...

This chapter, “Self-sufficiency and Equitable Access in Organ, Tissue, and Cell Transplantation,” examines the critical issues of achieving self-sufficiency and ensuring equitable access within the transplantation field. The global demand for transplantable organs far exceeds the available supply, leading to severe shortages and disparities influen...

Bridging gaps in global health requires innovative solutions that can overcome barriers related to access, affordability, and efficiency in healthcare delivery. Smart solutions, powered by advancements in technology, offer a transformative approach to addressing these challenges. By leveraging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), the...

The healthcare systems of low and middle-income countries suffer from lack of resources that could be remedied by employing novel care strategies such as telemedicine [1]. Here, the hypothetical impact of delivering telemedicine care on environment and society in three busy cardio-vascular clinics in Istanbul, Turkey, is examined. The study exploit...

Background Adequate staffing of primary healthcare workers (PHCWs) is essential for strengthening healthcare systems, yet high turnover intention among these workers presents a significant challenge. While existing strategies primarily target economic incentives and career progression, this study proposes that enhancing organizational justice could...

Community Health Workers (CHWs) plays an important in improving healthcare access and equity, particularly for underserved and marginalized communities. This paper examines the functions, history, and evolution of CHWs, emphasizing their importance as cultural liaisons and advocates within healthcare systems. CHWs are instrumental in delivering pre...

Será realizada uma revisão rápida da literatura global sobre indicadores de monitoramento e avaliação relativos às DIC. Serão realizadas buscas nas seguintes fontes de literatura científica: PubMed, Embase, Epistemonikos, BVS - Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (com exceção de Medline) e Google Acadêmico. As estratégias de busca serão desenvolvidas com...

Energy consumption involved in wireless transmission poses a major challenge in the implementation of wireless body area networks (WBAN). Compressed sensing (CS)-based multichannel electrocardiogram (ECG) compression is a new paradigm in signal acquisition and reconstruction; a viable alternative for traditional wavelet-based signal reconstruction....

Background Burnout, characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a diminished sense of accomplishment, is a serious problem among healthcare workers. Burnout negatively impacts provider well‐being, patient outcomes, and healthcare systems globally and is especially worrisome in settings with shortages of healthcare workers and reso...

Clinical registries play an increasingly important role in determining national health policy, financial effectiveness, and generating scientific hypotheses. However, there is no universally accepted structure for these registries in Europe or worldwide. Many countries face significant challenges in organizing their clinical registries, considering...

Healthcare systems contribute considerably to worldwide carbon emissions and therefore reinforce the negative health impacts of climate change. Significant attempts to reduce emissions have been made on the macro level of politics and on the institutional level. Less attention has been paid so far to decisions that take place at the micro level of...

Background: As the foundation and core strength of the healthcare system, the primary care initial diagnosis system has been receiving attention from both the medical and management communities. This study aimed to analyze residents’ attitudes toward the system and explore the influencing factors relating to the system in Beijing; Methods: Differen...

Integrating clinical knowledge into AI remains challenging despite established medical guidelines and vocabularies. Medical codes, central to healthcare systems, often reflect operational patterns shaped by geographic factors, national policies, insurance frameworks, and physician practices rather than the precise representation of clinical knowled...

Chronic pain (CP) is a complex and debilitating condition that significantly impairs quality of life and imposes a high burden on healthcare systems. This study aims to evaluate the impact of telemedicine on chronic pain management in cancer survivors with complex CP. Our multicenter retrospective investigation of cancer survivors with complex CP i...

Gout is a prevalent metabolic disorder characterized by increased uric acid (UA) synthesis or decreased UA clearance from the bloodstream, leading to the formation of urate crystals in joints and surrounding tissues. Hyperuricemia (HUA), the underlying cause of gout, poses a growing challenge for healthcare systems in developed and developing count...