Health Care Systems - Science topic

Background: People with sickle cell disease frequently use complementary and integrative therapies to cope with their pain, yet few studies have evaluated their effectiveness. The 3-arm, 3-site pragmatic Hybrid Effectiveness-implementation Trial of Guided Relaxation and Acupuncture for Chronic Sickle Cell Disease Pain (GRACE) has 3 priorities: (1)...

Note: This chapter sets out how and why social policy needs to move beyond labour theories alone and from strong assumptions of Polanyian, classical and Marxian political economies that may not be as relevant to countries industrialising today. The chapter discusses several conceptual organising tools and national contexts, including Covid-19. Tec...

Background: Transgender people are commonly known as ‘Hijra’ in India (Gurvinder Kalra, 2012). Their existence was found in Indian mythology. Great epic ‘Mahabharata’ said about ‘Shikhandi’ who was a Hijra and played a vital role in battle of Kurukshetra. Documentary proof revealed the existence of ‘Khojwa’ (Transgender) who played vital role to...

Background: Ethiopian policy and strategy aim to make health care systems capable of dealing with emergencies. However, Ethiopian health care still lacks a comprehensive "all-hazard" approach and a disaster preparedness program. Thus, this study aimed to assess the level of disaster preparedness in selected public hospitals for mass-casualty incid...

The outburst and transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome-Related Corona virus 2 (SARS�CoV-2), accountable for the Corona virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), has caused an urgent situation in the health care system globally. The World Health Organization affirmed the pandemic diffusion of COVID-19, and preventive measures to limit contagio...

Purpose-The purpose of the study was to understand the significance of a nation's health care system and its preparedness to control the uncertain events such as coronavirus pandemic. The study focused on the healthcare expenditure by nations with highest number of coronavirus casesin February, 2021. The study also analyzed the standing of India's...

Objective: Colombia hosts 1.8 million displaced Venezuelans, the second highest number of displaced persons globally. Colombia's constitution entitles all residents, including migrants, to life-saving health care, but actual performance data are rare. This study assessed Colombia's COVID-era achievements. Methods: We compared utilization of comp...

Purpose of Review The term neurogenic bladder (NGB) generally used for neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) refers to storage and/or voiding dysfunction of the lower urinary tract, in patients after a neurological illness. The aim of management of NGB is to preserve renal function, achieving effective bladder emptying, urinary contine...

Kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), represent a general, public health urgency, causing a heavy burden to global health care systems. Moreover, AKI is a frequent complication of hospitalization, and it is associated with short-term morbidity and mortality rate greater than 50%, as a result of its r...

This article aims to describe the "Health care system in the Arab world: Achievements, challenges, and recommendations".

Background: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has revealed gender-specific differences between general practitioners in adapting to the posed challenges. As primary care workforce is becoming increasingly female, in many countries, it is essential to take a closer look at gender-specific influences when the global health care system is confronted with...

Анотація. У статті обґрунтовано актуальність інвестування в «срібну економіку», яка складається з розробки, виробництва та продажу нових інноваційних продуктів і послуг для підвищення якості життя людей похилого віку. Мета запропонувати здійснення тих заходів державної політики, які допо- можуть країнам за відносно стабільного населення досягти “зо...

Many factors are considered vital in supporting successful ageing and older adults’ wellbeing. Whilst evidence exists around facilitating and hindering factors in the general use of various forms of institutional and family support and personal development-oriented education and/or new technologies, evidence is limited with regards to older people’...

INTRODUCTION: The volume of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) procedures continues to increase, including among United States (US) veterans, but there is little data characterizing recovery using validated knee- related questionnaires. METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, we sought to establish the feasibility of longitudinal characterization of...

A self-help book published in 2023 for depression relief written by Dr. Thomas Syre, Sr., researcher and retired health sciences professor, with a Foreword by Fr. Worku Yohannes Gebre, a Capuchin priest and friar. The content focuses on depression relief through church activities and behavioral change. It discusses therapeutic modalities, therapist...

On the basis of international and national normative acts, the ethical norms of interaction of doctors with each other are highlighted. The limits of intervention in the process of providing medical care to the patient by the attending physician and cases of involvement of other specialists in the treat- ment process are analyzed. The cases of the...

Background The characteristics of people admitted to psychiatric wards act as one of the indicators of the performance of the service system as a whole. The characteristics of these people and how they are referred to psychiatric hospitals vary in different communities. The aim of this study was to investigate the demographic and clinical character...

Background Delayed initiation and early discontinuation of treatment due to limited availability and accessibility of services may often result in people with mild or moderate mental disorders developing more severe disorders, leading to an increase in demand for specialised care that would be expected to further restrict service availability and a...

The definition of a therapeutic discipline provides an important position-fixing and offers orientation for patients, interested parties and professional actors in health care. The definition of music therapy (MT) serves both the self-portrayal of music therapists and the professional classification in the institutions of the public health care sys...

We have studied the existing models of organization of the health care system, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as analyzed the legal framework of the current health care model in Ukraine, and emphasized the need to implement the principle of “Health care in all state policies” in reform ing the sector. We have found that the existing le...

Pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences embrace a series of different disciplines. Pharmacy practice has been defined as "the scientific discipline that studies the different aspects of the practice of pharmacy and its impact on health care systems, medicine use, and patient care". Thus, pharmacy practice studies embrace both clinical pharmacy and soc...

Chronic pain is the leading cause of disability among United States veterans. Affecting up to 70% of veterans, chronic pain touches all aspects of life, not just physical functioning. Despite the fact that the nation is experiencing a crisis with substance use disorder, the most common treatment for pain among veterans is opioids. The purpose of th...

Central nervous system diseases (CNSDs) lead to significant disability worldwide. Mobile app interventions have recently shown the potential to facilitate monitoring and medical management of patients with CNSDs. In this direction, the characteristics of the mobile apps used in research studies and their level of clinical effectiveness need to be e...

Background: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) programs have been introduced in many areas of clinical practice in recent years, to improve the patient’s recovery, increase patient satisfaction and shorten length of hospital stay. This study investigated feasibility of an ERAS protocol after cesarean delivery in a system where long-acting neura...

There are still many shortcomings and contradictions in the current Russian legislation on the assessment of quality and control over the safety of medical activities. The most important organizational problem of the Russian health care system is the strict bureaucratic regulation of the work of medical institutions by various government agencies a...

Actuality. The reform of the health care system affects the indicators of the provision of dental care in communally owned institutions. The purpose of the study is to analyze the dynamics of the number of dentists-orthodontists and the indicators of orthodontic care provided during 2018-2021 in health care institutions of Donetsk region, which are...

Health care systems worldwide have been battling the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, Lymphocytes and CRP have been reported as markers of interest. We chose to investigate the prognostic value of the LCR ratio as a marker of severity and mortality in COVID-19 infection. Between 1 March and 30 April 2020, we...

(1) Background: Pancreatic cancer is the cancer with the third-highest mortality rate, and forecasts indicate its growing share in morbidity. The basis of treatment is inpatient chemotherapy and there is a strong focus on palliative care. (2) Methods: A literature review was conducted based on the rapid review methodology in PubMed and Cochrane dat...

Background Multimorbidity has become one of the main challenges in health care system. The association between prevalence, patterns of multimorbidity and health care utilization is less often discussed in China. The purpose of this study is to examine this association among Chinese middle-aged and older adults and take into account different sociod...

Introduction Health care work cultures that embrace diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) foster innovations, synergy, and appreciation for differences. To promote DEI, health care systems have encouraged professional development on cultural humility, which is awareness of one’s values, beliefs, and social position, given the current cultural cont...

A just, equitable, and credible peer review process is the cornerstone of a high quality and safe Health Care System. The importance of an unbiased and protected Peer Review System is codified in the Health Care Quality Improvement Act of 1986, HCQIA. However, the peer review process may go wrong when in the new landscape of healthcare which is dom...

Pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences embrace a series of different disciplines. Pharmacy practice has been defined as “the scientific discipline that studies the different aspects of the practice of pharmacy and its impact on health care systems, medicine use, and patient care”. Thus, pharmacy practice studies embrace both clinical pharmacy and soc...

Background: Establishing a healthy lifestyle has a great potential to reduce the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and their risk factors. NCDs contribute immensely to the economic costs of the health care system arising from therapy, medication use, and productivity loss. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the...

Background Community health workers (CHWs) drawn from the general population are an important human resource in health care systems, preventing non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and contributing to an increase in healthy life expectancy in Japan. Thus, we have developed the COmmunity health workers perceptual and behavioral Competency Scale for prev...

The extent to which an individual feels self-motivated, content & satisfied with his/her job is job satisfaction. By enhancing job satisfaction among the employees, the organization can creates happier employees. It will eventually lower costs for hiring and training new personnel and also create more motivated and productive employees. This descri...

In the present work, we used three-dimensional (3D) printing technology to make a polylactic acid (PLA) amniotic fornical ring (AFR) for ocular surface reconstruction. This work is a retrospective and interventional case series of patients with ocular surface diseases who underwent either personalized 3D-printed AFR-assisted amniotic membrane trans...

Introduction Perinatal asphyxia is one of the most frequent causes of neonatal mortality, affecting approximately four million newborns worldwide each year and causing the death of one million individuals. One of the main reasons for these high incidences is the lack of consensual methods of early diagnosis for this pathology. Estimating risk-appro...

Background: A mental health crisis can create challenges for individuals, families, and communities. This multifaceted issue often involves different professionals from law enforcement and health care systems, which may lead to siloed and suboptimal care. The virtual crisis care (VCC) program was developed to provide rural law enforcement with acc...

The paper was presented at a workshop on “Strategies for improving oral health care systems, dental technologies and reforms on dental education in the next millennium” organized by the Indian Dental Association in 1998 at Delhi

Cite: Ata U, Çelik C, Saka NE. Evaluation of geriatric deaths between 2015-2020 in Turkey, (Presentation ID-257). Turkish [Türkı̇ye’de 2015-2020 yılları arasındakı̇ gerı̇atrı̇k ölümlerı̇n değerlendı̇rı̇lmesı̇, (Sunum no-257)]. In: Doğanay Z, ed. Abstracts Book of 12th International Medicine and Heath Sciences Researches Congress, 18-19 March, 2023....

The study "Social Consequences of Privatization of the Healthcare System" will look at the topic from the perspective of political economy. Since gaining independence, Georgia's healthcare system has been characterized by an unwavering move towards the commercialization of healthcare at all stages of reforms, therefore, the purpose of our research...

Pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences embrace a series of different disciplines. Pharmacy practice has been defined as 'the scientific discipline that studies the different aspects of the practice of pharmacy and its impact on health care systems, medicine use, and patient care'. Thus, pharmacy practice studies embrace both clinical pharmacy and soc...

Hospital readmissions within 30 days represent a burden for the patients and the entire health care system. Improving the care around hospital discharge period could decrease the risk of avoidable readmissions. We describe the methods of a trial that aims to evaluate the effect of a structured multimodal transitional care intervention targeted to h...

Pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences embrace a series of different disciplines. Pharmacy practice has been defined as 'the scientific discipline that studies the different aspects of the practice of pharmacy and its impact on health care systems, medicine use, and patient care'. Thus, pharmacy practice studies embrace both clinical pharmacy and soc...

In New Orleans, Louisiana the population’s poor baseline health led to its establishment as an early epicenter for severe acute COVID-19. Antici-pating future outbreaks of COVID-19 and other respiratory viruses, we need to identify correlates of outcome, from real clinical experience. 89 patients were recruited into the ClinSeqSer acute COVID-19 lo...

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused an unprecedented disruption to health care systems around the globe. Stroke is still an ongoing issue during the pandemic. We investigated the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on emergent stroke care in Beijing, China. This is a retrospective analysis of two groups of patients with...

Aim: To understand the postpartum care received by birthing people with disabilities and their newborns, from their own perspectives. Design: A qualitative study with semi-structured interviews. Methods: Between July 2019 and February 2020, in-person and virtual interviews were conducted with 31 people with physical, sensory, and intellectual/...

Background: Currently, corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has infected 633,601,048 people worldwide according to World Health Organization, which leads to huge disease burden. A considerable number of trials of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have been carried out and have shown the efficacy of TCM in the treatment of COVID-19, but their cost-...

Background: High population with low middle income for a country like Egypt might create a challenge on health care system resources and effect on prioritization of health system needs. With critical products like blood derivatives several elements might affect accessibility for these products. Objective: The objective for this research is analyzin...

The article discusses the international practices of organizing emergency care for foreigners when specialized assistance companies directly coordinate the process. The involvement of the national health care system in the provision of emergency and acute care to non-residents directly shapes the global reputation of the country as a healthcare and...

RATIONALE: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a progressive multi-organ disease with significant morbidity placing extensive demands on the health care system. No recent estimate of CF health care costs in a Canadian context exists. OBJECTIVES: Provide up-to-date direct cost estimates of the economic burden of CF from the perspective of a Canadian health care...

Importance Annual low-dose computed tomographic (LDCT) screening reduces lung cancer mortality, but harms could be reduced and cost-effectiveness improved by reusing the LDCT image in conjunction with deep learning or statistical models to identify low-risk individuals for biennial screening. Objective To identify low-risk individuals in the Natio...

Valvular heart disease (VHD) is the next epidemic in the cardiovascular field, affecting millions of people worldwide and having a major impact on health care systems. With aging of the population, the incidence and prevalence of VHD will continue to increase. However, VHD has not received the attention it deserves from both the public and policyma...

Introduction. Noncommunicable diseases represent a huge and growing global burden, posing serious challenges to health systems in both high-, low- and middle-income countries. One of the reasons is the low level of health literacy of the population, which does not ensure adequate health-saving behavior. The purpose of the study is to review the pub...

Background The experience of HIV stigma during intrapartum care can impact women’s trust in the health care system and undermine their long-term commitment to HIV care engagement. Delivery of respectful maternity care (RMC) to women living with HIV (WLHIV) can improve quality of life and clinical outcomes. The goal of this study is to conduct an ev...

It is documented that Hispanic/Latinx kidney stone formers have inferior health-related quality of life (HRQoL) compared to the general population. We hypothesized that socioeconomic factors drive HRQoL disparities. Specifically, we sought to determine if medical insurance type is associated with HRQoL disparities among Hispanic/Latinx stone former...

For three years, COVID-19 has circulated among our communities and around the world, fundamentally changing social interactions, health care systems, and service delivery. For people living with (and receiving treatment for) cancer, pandemic conditions presented significant additional hurdles in an already unstable and shifting environment, includi...

Background Cancer is a major health problem and cause of mortality worldwide. Despite the prevalence of other cancers in males and females, genital cancers are especially important because of their psychological effects on individuals. Currently, cervical cancer, corpus uteri neoplasm, and ovarian cancer are the most common gynecological cancers in...

People’s need for information and communication concerning health has emerged from many sources, even for important aspects related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The challenges of those who want to respond to this need are mainly related to which design characteristics could better support their aim. Thus, this article first examines a selected list of...

You get what you pay for is a very old saying, originating from England in the mid-to late 1800s. However, despite being in use for more than two centuries, its meaning is still not fully grasped in Slovenian healthcare. While we claim that the healthcare system serves the patient and that the care provided is patient-centred, we do not even measur...

Recent years, artificial intelligence technology has been a revolutionary tool in health care system, an increase in application of the technology noted significantly in Orthodontics as well. AI is an outstanding tool to help orthodontists as it can be utilized from the beginning to diagnose till the planning of the treatment. Along with speeding u...

Background Ensuring patient rights is an extension of applying human rights principles to health care. A critical examination of how the notion of patient rights is perceived and enacted by various actors through critical discourse analysis (CDA) can help understand the impediments to its realization in practice. Methods We studied the discourses...

Background Laboratory (lab) personnel are a key component of the health care system whose daily tasks involve static and sustained awkward postures with repetitive motions that increase ergonomic risks to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). This may be attributed to inadequate staff numbers, staff qualifications and workload for prolonged periods how...

Introduction: Health care workers, including physical therapists, have some of the most important roles in the health care system as shown during the COVID-19 pandemic. Physical therapists encounter emotionally and physically vulnerable patients, experience emotional labor, and are exposed to conditions that can lead to job stress and musculoskelet...

Background: Smartphones have become useful tools for medicine, with the use of specific apps making it possible to bring health care closer to inaccessible areas, continuously monitor a patient's pathology at any time and place, promote healthy habits, and ultimately improve patients' quality of life and the efficiency of the health care system. S...

Pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences embrace a series of different disciplines. Pharmacy practice has been defined as "the scientific discipline that studies the different aspects of the practice of pharmacy and its impact on health care systems, medicine use, and patient care". Thus, pharmacy practice studies embrace both clinical pharmacy and soc...

In today’s scenario, artificial intelligence (AI) systems and machine learning (ML) algorithms are being used for simple and complex decision-making processes in various fields like healthcare systems, education, recruitment process, banking, and other areas. But the dataset on which the AI or ML systems work may be biased due to which proper decis...

Background A small but significant group of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) undergo multiple involuntary treatment (IT) events. To enhance our understanding of IT and potentially inform treatment, we explored experiences and perspectives on IT of these patients. Methods We designed a qualitative semi-structured interview study and used reflexi...

Opinion statement While the benefits of early palliative care are indisputable, most of the current evidence has emerged from resource-rich settings in urban areas of high-income countries, with an emphasis on solid tumors in outpatient settings; this model of palliative care integration is not currently scalable internationally. A shortage of spec...

Background Appropriate and timely diagnosis is one of the most important milestones in effective migraine care and is affected by public awareness, access to medical care, health care systems, and physicians’ knowledge. We assessed the variability in migraine diagnosis rates in different communities under universal national health coverage in Israe...

This review aims to discuss aspects related to the gestational process of black women, namely: if there is a difference in how black and white women are treated throughout pregnancy, partum and postpartum moments, how this difference is influenced by the physiological aspects of each ethnical group and how it affects their morbidity and mortality r...

Reforming the health care system is an integral part of our country's socio-economic transformations. Orientation towards new forms of health care provision involves improving the system of future doctors training by approaching it to international educational standards. In the system of professional doctor’s training, the study of chemical discipl...

Drug shortages are a global and complex issue having negative impacts on patients, pharmacists, and the broader health care system. Using sales data from 22 Canadian pharmacies and historical drug shortage data, we built machine learning models predicting shortages for the majority of the drugs in the most-dispensed interchangeable groups in Canada...

Chronic pain is a source of major alterations in quality of life. It represents significant costs for health systems, and reduces the competitiveness of the working population. Vulnerability can drive the incidence of chronic pain, through its influence on modifiable risk factors, and reduced utilization of health care systems. But vulnerability ca...

Background China’s primary health care system has undergone major changes since the new round of medical reform in 2009, but the current status of primary health care institution service efficiency is still unsatisfactory. The purpose of this study is to compare and evaluate the China’s primary health care institution service efficiency and provide...

Recently, much attention has been paid to the concept introduced to the scientific community by the prominent American epidemiologist Alvan R. Feinstein - "comorbidity" (Latin co - together, morbus - disease). In his understanding, comorbidity demonstrates the combination of two and/or more chronic diseases in one patient, which are interconnected...

Background There is currently mixed evidence on the influence of long-term conditions and deprivation on mortality. We aimed to explore whether number of long-term conditions contribute to socioeconomic inequalities in mortality, whether the influence of number of conditions on mortality is consistent across socioeconomic groups and whether these a...

Background Virtual care quickly became of crucial importance to health systems around the world during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the potential of virtual care to enhance access for some communities, the scale and pace at which services were virtualized did not leave many organizations with sufficient time and resources to ensure opti