Hardness - Science topic

Historically, soft news and hard news have been conceptualized with a strong binary opposition. Yet in recent years, the lifestyle bent of digital media has seen even lifestyle specialties of politics, crime, and the environment engaging in practices long associated with soft news. Moreover, their implementation–often rationalized as speaking to th...

While it is known that phosphorous additions enhance the hardness, strength, and glass forming ability of NiNb(P) bulk metallic glasses, nothing is known about the trade-offs regarding the fracture characteristics. The fracture toughness and bending deformation behavior of Ni62Nb38 and Ni59.2Nb38.8P2 BMGs were studied, both of which have been repor...

In vibration fatigue, high-spatial-density experimental damage identification is hard to conduct. Fatigue damage is typically localized (in time and space) and loads can change direction with time. Thermoelasticity studies the interaction between temperature changes and elastic deformations in materials: minute changes in temperature can be related...

Old religious buildings represent an essential cultural heritage whatever the country or the religion they belong to. Thanks to many researches carried out in the last years, their acoustics is now considered part of this heritage. However, for practical reasons, their acoustic characterization is often made under unoccupied conditions, while, give...

We observed in many WhatsApp/Telegram Indonesian stock market groups, but we did not find any stock prediction method that utilizes interconnectivity between stocks. In this paper, we examined the interconnected stock dynamics in the IDX and used it to predict the next day's high. We employed a novel method called "Connected Stocks + Rolling Window...

Laser shock peening (LSP) is an effective method to improve the plasticity of metallic glasses (MGs) but it also deteriorates the surface quality and decreases the surface hardness, which in turn hinders the applications of MGs. Accordingly, this study was attempted to achieve the simultaneous improvement in surface quality and hardness of LSPed Zr...

Engagement can be understood as a complex dynamic process that unfolds over time and interacts with variables within the student, school, and environment. Most of the research on the dynamics of engagement comes from classroom settings and it is so far inconclusive how and why engagement and disengagement evolve over time. Using person-centered met...

The joining of Ti-5Al-2.5Sn to AA2219 dissimilar alloys was studied through vacuum diffusion bonding (VDB). Samples were bonded at various temperatures under 15 MPa pressure for 45 minutes. The mechanical properties of the bonded lap joints were evaluated with shear and Vickers micro hardness tests, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was util...

This paper considers the problem of sequentially detecting a change in the joint distribution of multiple data sources under a sampling constraint. Specifically, the channels or sources generate observations that are independent over time, but not necessarily across channels. The joint distribution of an unknown subset of sources changes at an unkn...

The concepts of precision, and accuracy are domain and problem dependent. The simplified numeric hard and soft measures used in the fields of statistical learning, many types of machine learning, and binary or multiclass classification problems are known to be of limited use for understanding the meaningfulness of models or their relevance. Arguabl...

A single, unified science seems far beyond our reach, yet the requirements for one are quite simple. All that is needed is a quantified factor that all events can be subsumed under. Think of science as a universal solvent. We can understand this better when we understand conventional physical sciences look at force as unifying factor common to all...

Reaction-sintered silicon carbide (RS-SiC) is an ideal material for spacecraft reflectors due to its excellent mechanical properties. However, its high hardness, brittleness, and multiphase nature pose significant challenges to conventional polishing techniques. To address this, photocatalytic modification and vibration assistance have been employe...

Alloyed steel powders have been developed specifically for the production of high strength sintered parts. The alloyed steel powder designed for sinter-hardening enables the production of sintered parts with comparable strength and hardness to heat-treated materials, eliminating the need for post-sintering heat treatment. The molybdenum (Mo) hybrid...

The mental health of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic has been hit hard. Occupational safety programs, which often focus on physical protections for workers, need to be more comprehensive including mental health supports if the goal is well-being of HCWs and patients and lower healthcare costs. This research aims to explore the advan...

The work reviews the biological and ecological functions of forests in general and specially protected forest areas in particular, analyzed the impact of anthropogenic effect of placer gold mining on forest landscapes, and also present the results of studies of natural and artificial revegetation processes in disturbed areas of forest lands in the...

A chameleon hash function is a type of hash function that involves a trapdoor to help find collisions, i.e., it allows the rewriting of a message without modifying the hash. For some applications, it is important to have the feature of revoking the rewriting privilege of the trapdoor holder. In this paper, using lattice-based hard problems that are...

Although an ideal bandgap matching with 0.96 eV and 1.62 eV for a double-junction tandem is hard to realize practically, among all mature photovoltaic systems, Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) can provide the closest bandgap of 1.00 eV for the bottom sub-cell by adjusting its composition. However, pure CuInSe2 (CISe) solar cell suffers strong interfacial carri...

Self-admitted technical debts (SATDs) refer to a solution in software development that selects suboptimal solutions to meet the current requirements and are intentionally introduced and documented by developers. SATDs in issue-tracking systems are a complement to those within source code comments. The effective identification of SATDs is crucial fo...

Grooving or gouging is a process of thermal processing of metals or welded semi-finished products. The gouging process is generally used to process the root of butt welds to remove possible welding defects. The possibility to obtain and characterize the surfaces after manual and mechanized plasma cutting in the field of bridges and viaducts from hi...

The article summarizes the avant-garde poetry of Tadeusz Peiper, Julian Przyboś, Jan Brzękowski, and their successor, Bolesław Lubosz, devoted to hard coal. Observing the partial break of this poetry with the romantic vision of the underground, which did not specify coal as a separate matter, the author reflects on how to shape the language of the...

Large language models (LLMs) are revolutionizing several areas of Artificial Intelligence. One of the most remarkable applications is creative writing, e.g., poetry or storytelling: the generated outputs are often of astonishing quality. However, a natural question arises: can LLMs be really considered creative? In this article, we first analyze th...

Image Implicit Neural Representations (INRs) adopt a neural network to learn a continuous function for mapping the pixel coordinates to their corresponding values. This task has gained significant attention for representing images in a continuous manner. Despite substantial progress regarding natural images, there is little investigation of INRs fo...

Rolling processes of conventional cast Al-Li alloys quickly reach their limits due to relatively poor material formability. This can be overcome by using twin-roll casting to produce thin sheets. Further thermomechanical treatment, including hot or cold rolling, and heat treatment can adjust the mechanical properties of twin-roll cast Al-Li sheets....

Spontaneous self-assembly of hard convex polyhedra is known to form orientationally disordered crystalline phases, where particle orientations do not follow the same pattern as the positional arrangement of the crystal. A distinct type of orientational phase with discrete rotational mobility has been reported in hard particle systems. In this paper...

The effects of Ti addition on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the Cu-30Zn-6Ni-1.5Ti (wt.%) alloy were investigated in the present study. Microstructure analysis confirms that the Ni3Ti and NiTi phases are formed in the Cu-Zn-Ni-Ti alloy. Most of the Ni3Ti particles dissolve into the matrix, whereas NiTi particl...

The development of technology, including in the oil and gas industry, necessitates the creation of materials with special sets of properties, such as high strength characteristics combined with corrosion resistance. One such material is bimetallic pipe, but we are faced with the problem of creating extended structures and obtaining high-quality but...

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are solid-solution alloys composed of multiple elements, exhibiting excellent mechanical properties. The unique plastic deformation mechanism induced by their specific solid solution structures has attracted considerable attention but remains incompletely understood, particularly at the micro-scale. In this study, the sur...

Authorship has entangled style and content inside. Authors frequently write about the same topics in the same style, so when different authors write about the exact same topic the easiest way out to distinguish them is by understanding the nuances of their style. Modern neural models for authorship can pick up these features using contrastive learn...

To address the issues of uncertain pressure relief effectiveness and poor control of surrounding rock caused by the composite nature of the roof strata in the gob-side entry retained (GER), as well as significant changes in strata’s thickness and stability differences, this study focuses on the airway of the panel 3113 N in Longtan Coal Mine. Throu...

Contrastive graph clustering (CGC) has emerged as a research hotspot in current studies, aiming to leverage the robust representational capability of contrastive learning to improve graph clustering performance. Recent works have shown that CGC can benefit from hard sample mining. However, we observe two primary shortcomings of existing CGC methods...

In this article we provide the results of European insurers’ first time application of IFRS 17 ‘Insurance Contracts’. We have selected a sample of 24 large European insurers and analysed the disclosure in their 2023 annual reports of this first application of significantly changed principles in the accounting for insurance contracts. At the date of...

The need for ocean data is important to increase the utilization of ocean areas. A facility, development, system, or structure in the ocean cannot be planned properly without data in that ocean. One of the important data in water areas is ocean waves. In the offshore area of Pesisir Barat, wave characteristic data is still very hard to find. Knowle...

The concept of undeniable signature scheme was proposed by Chaum and Antwerpen in 1989. In this scheme, the signature can only be verified by the verifier with the co-operation of the signer. In this paper, we propose a novel undeniable signature scheme based on the structure of group ring. We consider the well studied hard problems, that is, inver...

Purpose of the Review Successful catheter ablation of ventricular arrhythmias depends on identifying the critical tissues that sustain the arrhythmia. Increasingly, the intramural space is being recognized as an important source of idiopathic and reentrant ventricular arrhythmias, representing a common cause of ablation failure. A systematic approa...

This introductory chapter sets the theoretical backdrop for the theme of the book and subsequent chapters. The chapter commences from the long pedigree of Western political theory and its focus on the security and safety of citizens. Providing external and internal security for the citizens has been considered the most central task of states and go...

In the field of recommendation, negative samples that are close to positive samples are referred to as “hard negative samples”. These hard negative samples are more likely to be incorrectly recommended to users. Therefore, researching how to enhance the ability to identify hard negative samples and thereby improve recommendation accuracy is an impo...

Squamous cell lung cancer (SQCLC), which is fatal to humans, is heterogeneous with different genetic and histological features. We used SBMOI, a multi-omics data integration method from previous study, to integrate clinical, gene expression, and somatic mutation data of SQCLC to construct new patient features. Next, random survival forest (RSF) mod...

Konsep Orientasi Pelanggan sangat penting bagi perusahaan untuk berkembang di era saat ini, dengan memanfaatkan teknologi untuk mendapatkan wawasan yang mendalam tentang perilaku pelanggan mereka. Salah satu alat teknologi tersebut adalah pembelajaran mesin, khususnya yang menggunakan pendekatan pemrosesan bahasa alami (NLP). Penelitian ini menggun...

One of the key challenges of single-event effects (SEE) testing of integrated circuits (ICs) and semiconductor devices is determining the "test requirements". This refers to the level of exposure at the test facility that allows for conclusions about the device’s compliance with specified requirements to be drawn with a given confidence level, base...

This study presents a single-phase quasi-z-source inverter (q-ZSI) controlled by a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller optimized with the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method to control the capacitor voltage of the impedance network. The impedance network can work as both a buck and a boost converter in a single stage for the q-ZS...

The fracture position of a friction plug welding (FPW) joint is typically located at or near the thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ). Here, we found that microcracks in all FPW specimens initiate at the deformed plug center (DPC) zone and then propagate through the plug center along 45° shear surfaces, because the lowest hardness occurs at the...

The evolution of natural armor materials has led to gradient structures with specific architectures to achieve high damage tolerance, thus offering valuable inspiration for the design of man‐made materials. Here, bioinspired gradient composites with a nacre‐like brick‐and‐mortar architecture are fabricated by infiltrating a polymer phase into porou...

The relationship between learning and work in an individual's life should be sequentially learning about work, learning for work, learning through work, and learning at work. Universities are where the worlds of education and work meet. At the university level, special attention should be paid to skilling for and through work. This article in tradi...

In this paper, an improved hybrid genetic-hierarchical algorithm for the solution of the quadratic assignment problem (QAP) is presented. The algorithm is based on the genetic search combined with the hierarchical (hierarchicity-based multi-level) iterated tabu search procedure. The following are two main scientific contributions of the paper: (i)...

Blind continuous gravitational-wave (CWs) searches are a significant computational challenge due to their long duration and weak amplitude of the involved signals. To cope with such problem, the community has developed a variety of data-analysis strategies which are usually tailored to specific CW searches; this prevents their applicability across...

The genus Isachne includes grasses which are found particularly in wetlands. Most of the species included in the genus are either endemic or rare, one of the exception being Isachne globosa, which is found in almost all regions from where the other species have been reported. Their rarity and diminutive florets make it difficult for taxonomists to...

This study focuses on the performance evaluation of the structural and electrical characterization with various gas concentrations of bilayer oxide gate dielectric ZrO2 and Ho2O3 thin films on a 4H–SiC substrate. The structural characterization of XRD, FTIR, and XPS indicated the formation of Zr–O, Ho–O, Zr–O–Si, and Ho–O–Si bonds. The cross sectio...

This study examines the Inconel 718/Ti6Al4V multi-material with a Cu and Nb interlayer produced by SLM. To achieve this, it is necessary to investigate the microstructure, the chemical and phase composition, and the hardness of the interfacial zone in the multi-material samples. Furthermore, it is necessary to determine the impact of interlayer uti...

Datasets collected from the open world unavoidably suffer from various forms of randomness or noiseness, leading to the ubiquity of aleatoric (data) uncertainty. Quantifying such uncertainty is particularly pivotal for object detection, where images contain multi-scale objects with occlusion, obscureness, and even noisy annotations, in contrast to...

hard and soft ridge augmentation techniques and each outcome this is another link, easy and compatible with different types of electronic devices, I recommend to use this link: https://new.express.adobe.com/webpage/p1iWjZnHm5XMu

In this study, a novel lightweight Fe-Mn-Al-C steel composition and thermomechanical processing route was developed to produce a fully austenitic microstructure with a uniform intragranular dispersion of B2-NiAl precipitation in order to overcome the significant challenge of strengthening hot-rolled Fe-Mn-Al-C steels while retaining toughness. The...

Heart failure (HF) affects 64 million people worldwide and is one of the most prevalent causes of hospitalization in adults. Infection is believed to be one of the potential triggers that may facilitate HF decompensation and the need for hospitalization. Therefore, it seems crucial to safeguard against such a situation. Vaccinations seem to be a ve...

Non-equilibrium phase coexistence is commonly observed in both biological and artificial systems, yet understanding it remains a significant challenge. Unlike equilibrium systems, where free energy provides a unifying framework, the absence of such a quantity in non-equilibrium settings complicates their theoretical understanding. Granular material...

We conjecture unimodality for some sequences of generalized Kronecker coefficients and prove it for partitions with at most two columns. The proof is based on a hard Lefschetz property for corresponding highest weight spaces. We also study more general Lefschetz properties, show implications to a higher-dimensional analogue of the Alon–Tarsi conjec...

This study aims to investigate the impact of goal clarity on e-procurement success in project-based public organizations, with the mediating mechanism of technological innovation along with the moderating role of organizational policies. Disruptive innovation theory is utilized to provide the theoretical base for this study. It is very important fo...

Duplex stainless steels are widely used in offshore oil and gas, maritime, process, and nuclear industries as they deliver high corrosion resistance, toughness, and ductility, but they are sensitive to formation of brittle microstructures during additive manufacturing. This study has explored the microstructural development during heat treatment fo...

Concerning the rapid development in the bipedal robot industry, its hard for researchers to figure out their current merits and demerits, making it more difficult to make progress, especially for those who newly step into the robot industry. This paper aims at comparing the most established and creative breakthroughs in bipedal robots to help resea...

The surrounding rock of large underground engineering projects is often composed of hard rock, and defects such as mineral particles and micro-cracks in the hard rock, significantly affect the mechanical properties of the rock. To investigate the influence of micro-crack distribution on the mechanical behavior, damage evolution, and fracture mechan...

This article investigated deep-frying characteristics of malpoa for varied frying time (2–10 min) and temperature (170–190 °C). The evaluation encompassed a comprehensive analysis of textural and color kinetics and heat and mass transfer modeling during deep fat frying of malpoa balls. Such investigations confirmed an enhancement in fat content fro...

Tessellations (surface architectures of arrays of hard tiles) are common in natural and man-made designs. Boxfishes (Ostracioidea) are almost completely encased in a tessellated armor and have evolved a plethora of cross-sectional carapace shapes, yet whether the scutes constructing these exhibit comparable variation is unknown. Using high-resoluti...

This qualitative research examines the content of Islamic educational values in KH Zainudin MZ's thoughts about finding a life partner to enter into marriage. Primary data is the content of KH Zainudin MZ's lecture material with the theme ‘Looking for a mate’ in a YouTube channel. While secondary sources are various relevant literature. Data collec...

Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) are regarded as a potential substitute for LIBs owing to the benefits of potassium’s abundance, low cost, and high safety. Nonetheless, the practical implementation of potassium-ion batteries still encounters numerous challenges, with the selection and design of anode materials standing out as a key factor impeding th...

Introduction Clinically, knowing whether a static stretching (SS) intervention program conducted for several weeks can reduce passive muscle stiffness is important. Still, only a few previous studies have evaluated the chronic effects of an SS intervention program in older adults, and the potential relationship between ROM changes and muscle stiffn...

ABSTRACT In this study, the main aim was to correlate the barely straw (BS) content with mechanical (e.g. impact strength and Shore hardness) and physical (e.g. water absorption (WA)) properties of BS/polystyrene butadiene rubber (SBR) composites. BS/SBR composites were prepared with 10, 20, 30, and 40% BS content. All composites showed to have imp...

Corrosion of steel bars is a major issue for the management of existing reinforced concrete structures, since affecting many ageing structures and infrastructures and introducing risk for safety and reliability, as well as high maintenance costs. Intervention strategies should be planned and carried out according to the effective state of deteriora...

Water quality in water supply systems is an important issue that needs to be evaluated to ensure health for human consumption. This research aims to assess the water quality in the water supply system in Jambon Village, Kulon Progo City, Indonesia. In this research, samples from several places were taken and tested in laboratory. The water quality...

Certain holographic dark energy (HDE) models allow for the possibility of a ``long freeze,'' in which the scale factor evolves to a constant in the long-time limit. Here we extend previous calculations by adding a nonrelativistic matter component. The addition of a matter component tends to destroy the long freeze behavior, driving the universe to...

Pendidikan modern menekankan pentingnya keseimbangan antara penguasaan hard skills dan soft skills dalam mempersiapkan lulusan yang kompeten di dunia kerja. Hard skills merujuk pada kemampuan teknis dan akademik, sementara soft skills mencakup keterampilan interpersonal, komunikasi, dan kepemimpinan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efek...