Hardness - Science topic

A systematic and accurate analysis of microstructural evolution in the interlayer regions of multilayer welded joint is of great importance for in-depth understanding of influence mechanism of uneven microstructure on mechanical properties. Herein, the interlayer microstructure acted on different thermal cycle curves in the upper layer (UL), middle...

The outline is now available with this document. This symposium will gather Latin American and Islamic scholars for an open discussion on the trajectory of human thinking and its future prospects in the new world currently being born, with primary focus on the “alienation”. The Leitmotif of “alienation” has taken many forms over the millennia, and...

Civilian services of Global Navigation Satellite System are threatened by spoofing attacks since it is hard to determine the authenticity of a navigation signal with a detailed structure open to the public. Signal authentication effectively protects the security of the signal by attaching unforgeable information to one or several elements of the si...

Currently, every 1 kg of instant coffee produced results in 2 kg of wet SCG, accounting for 45% of total annual production. Instead of being wasted and causing environmental issues, SCG can be utilized for its potential to create valuable products with added value. This study explores the underutilized potential of spent coffee grounds (SCG) as a f...

The goal of Feature Selection - comprising filter, wrapper, and embedded approaches - is to find the optimal feature subset for designated downstream tasks. Nevertheless, current feature selection methods are limited by: 1) the selection criteria of these methods are varied for different domains, making them hard to generalize; 2) the selection per...

The microstructure and mechanical properties of two novel Al 65 Cu 10 Mg 10 Si 10 Zn 5 and Al 80 Cu 5 Mg 5 Si 5 Zn 5 high entropy aluminum alloys were studied. The alloys were developed from predominantly scrap materials by high pressure die casting route. The microstructure of the alloys revealed a complex conglomerate of phases consisting of α-Al...

Developing a high-quality software product requires complete familiarity with the software product requirements and constraints. However, developers are often assigned to projects they are unfamiliar with, making project properties hard to understand for them. Sonar tool is one of the most popular Automated Static Analysis Tools that nowadays has b...

We show how the stability conditions for a system of interacting fermions that conventionally involve variations of thermodynamic potentials can be rewritten in terms of local one-and two-particle correlators. We illustrate the applicability of this alternative formulation in a multi-orbital model of strongly correlated electrons at finite temperat...

Article Info Formalistic education tends to emphasize academic achievement alone, weakening student character, so it is necessary to have integrative education that balances the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains. With a research literature approach, it results that the concept of education in the book of muta'allim ta'lim is an integrati...

Social networks are in continuous evolution, and its spreading has attracted the interest of both practitioners and the scientific community. In the last decades, several new interesting problems have aroused in the context of social networks, mainly due to an overabundance of information, usually named as infodemic. This problem emerges in several...

An iron alloy coating with gradient transition was sprayed on F304 stainless steel substrate by plasma spraying method and with a gradient material obtained by the material performance simulation software, and the effect of gradient transition on the microstructure, hardness and wear resistance of the coating was analyzed by comparing with the non...

The mechanical behavior of deep hard rocks plays a crucial role in the long-term safety and stability of engineering structures. This work focuses on studying the instantaneous and time-dependent fracture propagation of hard rock materials from a theoretical perspective. A new unified constitutive model, based on a modified Mohr–Coulomb (M-C) crite...

Amorphous molybdenum sulfide (MoSx) and crystalline molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) are attractive noble-metal-free electrocatalysts for the H2 evolution reaction from water. Their actual activities depend on the quantity of active sites which are exposed to the electrolyte, which in turn, is influenced by their specific electrochemical surface area. H...

The density in the D region is hard to observe on a large scale, because the density in this region is too low. In addition to solar radiation changes with a sinusoidal period of 24 hours, the energetic electron precipitation (EEP) is the major source for the ionospheric D region. In this study, we utilized observations from NOAA/MetOp satellites t...

The microstructure of AS10/xNi hypoeutectic alloys with (x = 0.01% and 0.05%) was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Localized permanent plastic deformation (Vickers hardness (HV)) was conducted on the samples before and after sintering. After sintering, the results showed a significant improvement in...

We present a fully differential calculation of lepton pair production, taking into account the dominant next-to-next-to-leading order QED corrections as well as next-to-leading order electroweak and polarisation effects. We include all lepton masses, hard photon emission, as well as non-perturbative hadronic corrections. The corresponding matrix el...

Curriculum reform worldwide has often reflected changing perspectives on the teaching and learning of science. Such perspectives underline the notion that not only the teaching of science content knowledge is relevant but also the aims and methods scientists use to further their knowledge and the social context in which science is applied. We call...

The present study was conducted to determine the effect of whey protein concentrate (WPC) addition on the commercial low-fatcream's chemical, rheological and sensory properties. WPC was added to the low-fat cream (10% fat) in ratios of 1.0, 2.5, and5.0% to represent the treatments C1, C2, and C3, respectively.In addition, a fat-rich, positive contr...

Laser heat treatment (LHT) is applied herein after coating. Evaluation of the results was performed by studying the microstructures via metallographic SEM/EDX microscopy, and the mechanical properties were analyzed in terms of microscopic hardness and abrasion resistance. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of LHT on the wear...

Mobile wireless sensor networks (MWSNs) have been a hot topic of research, and numerous routing methods have been developed to increase energy efficiency and extend longevity. Nodes close to the sink often use more energy to transmit data from their neighbors to the sink, which causes them to run out of energy faster. These places are also referred...

The present research work is based on primary data collected through schedule and secondary data is obtained from the Gram Panchayat and related offices intend to study the pressure of population on food grains production in village Chitali. As per the sample survey 69.23 percent families are small in size and 76.20 percent families have less than...

Assessment of skin perfusion can reveal signs of deterioration and help to prevent critical states. Commonly applied clinical tests to capture skin perfusion are subjective and often hard to quantify. Laser speckle contrast analysis (LASCA) is a technique that can capture skin perfusion at high spatial and temporal resolution. LASCA requires, howev...

Despite quantum theory's remarkable success at predicting the (statistical) results of experiments, many philosophers worry that it nonetheless lacks some crucial connection between theory and experiment. Such worries constitute the Quantum Measurement Problem. We can identify two kinds of worries: 1) pragmatic: it's unclear how to model our experi...

Surface modification of molds and dies by nitrogen diffusion processes has great application in the plastic injection industry. And electroerosion machining is a process capable of machining parts with complex and more detailed profiles and high hardness, having great application in this area. In this work, the application of the nitriding process...

While the world is full of stories about innovative products with features that dazzled consumers and solved challenging problems for their users, little attention is paid to how often companies overestimate the value of the ideas generated by their product “experts”. Reports indicate that the success rates of ideas in the software industry are bel...

Knowing that the water used for drinking is the most important product in our life, but its greatest importance comes as a result of the fact that water is present in higher quantities in all food products. To establish the quality and safety of water, it undergoes a series of essential assessments including sensory, physical, chemical, and microbi...

The current decline of ruderal plant species in the villages is often associated with the urbanization of their historically anthropogenic disturbed habitats. However, regarding the extent and speed of the processes, this is a poorly studied field, and urbanization as a complex of factors is hard to assess. We took the age of village parts in thre...

The spread of a disease, product or idea in a population is often hard to predict. We tend to observe one or few realizations of the contagion process and therefore limited information can be obtained for anticipating future similar events. The stochastic nature of contagion generates unpredictable outcomes throughout the whole course of the dynami...

The Harvard Law Review recently, for the �rst time, published Hart's essay titled "Discretion". It is a carefully arranged version of the lecture which he gave at Harvard in 1956. This essay �lls signi�cant gap in Hart's work concerning judicial reasoning. In my paper attention is devoted to his conception of judicial discretion, its two main types...

Electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM), as a new type of non-traditional machining method, is widely used in the machining of insulating hard and brittle materials such as glass and ceramics. However, there are some problems such as difficulty in circulating electrolyte, resulting in poor quality machining of deep and small holes. In this paper...

Due to their excellent representation talent in local features, the convolutional neural network (CNN) has achieved favourable performance in hyperspectral image (HSI) classification tasks. Nevertheless, current CNN models exhibit a marked flaw: they are hard to model the dependencies in long-range distanced positions. This flaw becomes more proble...

The aim of this study is to discuss China's role in the development process in the current world order. This chapter elucidates how China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) connects countries from all over the world in the context of economic and trade prosperity. Thus, the revival of the China's old silk road by President Xi Jinping has initiated a...

The determination of fundamental properties of hadrons is important to clearly understand the experimental measurements such as the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. However, since a first principle approach is hard to find, several groups among the world are approaching phenomenologically to such description of hadrons. In this poster, we pre...

This paper discusses a method of finish turning Inconel 718 alloy to compare machining performance of a naturally aged and used metalworking fluid (MWF), which had been conventionally managed through its life cycle, with the same new unaged product. The MWF concentrate was a new-to-market bio-ester oil, diluted with water to produce an emulsion. In...

The A356 alloy is commonly used in the foundry industry to produce high-stressed automotive components, such as motor frames and cylinder heads. The aim of this work was to investigate how the mechanical and tribological properties of this alloy can be improved by applying an anodizing process. The properties of the oxide layer formed by anodizing...

To eliminate or reduce stick–slip vibration in torsional vibration of the drilling string and improve the rate of penetration (ROP), a stick–slip vibration model of the drilling string considering the ROP was established based on the multidimensional torsional vibration model of the drilling string. The model was verified by simulation analysis. Th...

Purpose Transfer motivation has been identified as a pivotal factor influencing transfer of training. However, the role of training content has often been overlooked as explanatory variable for the rate of transfer motivation. This study aims to examine to what extent experiences in transfer motivation and its personal and contextual antecedents de...

A bstract The emission of collinear radiation off an elementary lepton can be factorised from the hard scattering process by introducing Parton Distribution Functions of a Lepton (LePDF), which, contrary to protons, can be derived from first principles. In case of multi-TeV lepton colliders, such as the muon colliders currently being proposed, the...

One of the most leading causes of death worldwide is Colorectal cancer(CRC). Polyp segmentation is the most important detected measure for preventing CRC. However, there is still a missing rate for diminutive polyps and multiple ones. In order to solve the phenomenon, we propose to introduce auxiliary attention module(AAM) that can enhance the lear...

Jets are commonly used to study Quantum Chromodynamics and search for physics beyond the Standard model. Recent experimental results are analyzed to study hard and soft hadron production mechanisms within and out of the jets. The result of this work is the study of hadron production within and out of the jets produced in proton-proton collisions ge...

The aim of the paper is to analyze the experimental results of the influence of elevated temperatures and strain rate on the mechanical and structural properties of steel 42CrMo4. The experiments were based on uniaxial tension and compression tests at high temperatures between 700 °C and 1000 °C and strain rates range 0.0018 - 0.1 s-1. The influenc...

Ore concentrators seek the stability of processes by feeding blends of rocks with average hardness and ore content. Therefore, large amounts of samples must be characterized in a short time. The Bond Work Index (Wi) is a common technique for the estimation of hardness and energy requirement for comminution using ball mills. However, this technique...

2 We may read books to learn or for entertainment or any other reason, but what version does a reader prefer to read from? Is it a soft copy or a hard one? And what factors play a role in making us choose between them? What is a soft copy? And what is a hard copy? what is the difference between them and how do they affect the way we read our books?...

The development of tourist destinations in Batu City makes it hard for the tourists to decide their destinations. The recommender system is a solution that provides a lot of information or tourist attraction data. Collaborative filtering is often used in recommender systems. However, it has drawbacks; one of which is the cold-start problem, where t...

To reveal the characteristics of overlying rock movement in hard and thick volcanic rock mining areas, a typical volcanic rock occurrence was used as a model. Similar simulation experiments were conducted, combined with on-site monitoring data, to systematically analyze the variations of surface and overlying rock deformation and damage with differ...

Web based e service delivery model to avoid faults during delivery of services. To increase the adaptability in framework combination makes it hard to address standard web framework issues. While it is moderately simple to make an individual help less prone to fault, improving adaptation to internal failure of administrations participating in numer...

The concentric circle of Putin's foreign policy has been on a pendulum between his country's peregrination for a geopolitical might and maintaining excellent power status. He claims that his expansionist, invasion and annexation approaches are for the benefit of the entire Russians. Putin's government's invasion of Georgia in 2008 and Ukraine in 20...

Co-Cr-Fe-Ni-Ta eutectic multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) demonstrate great potential to replace structural alloys in engineering applications. However, the cost of these alloys is high due to the usage of a number of precious metals. To decrease the cost, the present work developed a set of novel Fe55Cr15Ni30−xTax (x = 0, 5, 8, 10 and 15 at.%...

Mode I fracture toughness (KIC) and rock brittleness are important properties that influence many rock engineering applications. Due to the difficulties in determining KIC experimentally, previous studies have investigated the relationship between KIC and rock brittleness indices. However, only rock brittleness indices (based on strength parameters...

To improve the fatigue life of the key component and the surface properties of the 30CrNi2MoVA steel material, advanced ultrasonic-milling composite superficial treatment was performed. The microstructure, surface roughness, friction and wear performance, surface hardness, fatigue life and environmental experiments of the steel with and without ult...

Hot stamping is ideal for producing various automotive structural components, due to its capacity to generate lightweight parts with good mechanical properties like strength, hardness, and durability. This study proposed a new hot stamping design die with an integrated conformal cooling channel. Hot stamping dies with different cooling channel layo...

This study investigated the effects of carbide forming elements (manganese and tungsten) and solid solution heat treatment on the microstructure, tensile strength, hardness, and percentage elongation of copper-silicon binary alloys. The response of Cu-3Si-W and Cu-3Si-3Mn alloys on solid solution heat treatment was explored. The alloys compositions...

Despite the extremely high hardness of recently proposed high-entropy carbides (HECs), the low fracture toughness limits their applications in harsh mechanical environment. Here, we introduce a metastability engineering strategy to achieve superhard HECs with enhanced toughness via in-situ metastable particles. This is realized by developing a (WTa...

The paper addresses the mathematical justification of a model describing steady vibrations for a planar thermoelastic body with an incorporated thin inclusion. The body is composed of three parts: two adherents and an adhesive layer between them, and we begin with a general mathematical formulation of a problem. By means of the modern methods of as...

Corm type correlates with corm size, which affects longevity and early growth in the field. Seed storage after harvesting is important to preserve viability and vigor. This study was conducted to determine the correlation between the corm type and storage period on corm deterioration, storage, vigor, and growth in the field. A factorial randomized...

Before digital technology, students submitted handwritten or typed papers to their instructor, who responded with handwritten marginal and end comments, often with the infamous “red pen” (Dukes & Albenisi, 2013). After the introduction of word processing, students typically printed out and submitted hard copies of their final drafts, on which the i...

Recently, the environment has indicated an increase in the price of coking coal. Thus, in order to produce high strength coke at a low production cost, the application of blending technology to various types of coal is required. Coal dilatation is an important factor in determining coke strength. It is well known that the dilation values of blended...

Adequate control of composition, cooling rates, and heat treatment parameters is crucial to achieving the desired ultrafine microstructure and properties in copper-based alloys. In this experimental study, an ultrafine Cu-3Si-Al and Cu-3Si-Mo ternary alloy with improved tensile strength and hardness is developed. The alloys system were developed vi...

The existence of the religion of Islam in the world to reconcile and solve problems in a good way. With the existence of diplomacy in Islam will not affect to resolve the problem by means of hard power or war. However, over time, Islamic diplomacy does not only apply to peace purposes. Changes and developments of the times have had a great influenc...

The FeNiCrAlCoCuTi alloy system has great advantages in mechanical properties such as high hardness and toughness. It has high performance potential and research value and the key in research is designing alloy compositions with target properties. The traditional method, experimental analysis, is highly inefficient to properly exploit the intrinsic...

This paper addresses a real‐world multi‐period orienteering problem arising in a large Italian company that needs to patrol an area in order to provide security services to a set of customers. Each customer requires different services on a weekly basis. Some services are mandatory, while others are optional. It might be impossible to perform all op...

The Kriging model with numerical simulation can analyze reliability efficiently, but its extension in multi-mode system is troubled by the hard quantification of correlations among Kriging models of multiple limit state functions. For this issue, a new learning strategy (NLS) is proposed by considering correlation effect. Firstly, NLS accurately de...

This paper briefly outlines the engineering geological properties of volcanogenic rock units in Jurong Group and some construction challenges experienced in the Deep Tunnel Sewerage System Phase 2 (DTSS2) Project. There are 3 types of volcanogenic rocks identified in the project area. The texture and mineral composition of lithic fragments containe...

We present a robust link-side impedance controller for Series Elastic Actuators (SEAs) based on the design of dynamic extensions and the Elastic Structure Preserving (ESP) framework. This controller limits the risk of controller saturation during hard impacts while still injecting link-side damping. It is analyzed in terms of closed-loop behavior a...

The hot, neutron-rich, and dense circumstance in core-collapse supernovae provides a source of negatively charged pions that may make up a significant portion of the matter. These abundant thermal pions offer an opportunity to populate light and hidden hypothetical particles. In this study, we discuss the dark gauge boson production via reactions i...

When designing and manufacturing tanks for the transportation of liquid cargo, it is necessary to take into account the shape of the tank, the level of liquid filling and the natural frequency of splashing of the liquid in the tank, as they are important factors and affect the stability of the movement. Due to the uncertainty of the lateral forces...

Though the River Sarasvati has highly been praised in Rigveda, we find very confusing references to it in later Vedic literature and heavily corrupted Vedicized literature, making it hard to believe whether they are speaking of the real Sarasvati or talking about the poetic remembrance of a long forgotten River which was left far behind and hence b...

Facial massages are frequently performed to achieve a feeling of freshness, rejuvenation, skin tightening, and delayed onset of wrinkles. However, vigorous massages can induce unexpected symptoms. Here, we present a case of a woman who complained of an asymmetric facial appearance and a mass-like lesion following a long term facial massage interven...

Noting that lemmas are a key feature of mathematics, we engage in an investigation of the role of lemmas in automated theorem proving. The paper describes experiments with a combined system involving learning technology that generates useful lemmas for automated theorem provers, demonstrating improvement for several representative systems and solvi...

Citation: Viliš, J.; Neumann, V.; Vítek, R.; Zouhar, J.; Pokorný, Z.; Marek, M. Analysis of Ballistic Impact of 7.62 mm FMJ M80 Rifle Projectile into Twaron/UHMWPE Composite Armor. Abstract: This article deals with the ballistic impact of the 7.62 mm FMJ M80 rifle projectile into the laminated Twaron/UHMWPE composite armor. The armor composition co...

The enhancement of the structure and mechanical properties of a Cu-3Si-Al ternary alloy by the addition of aluminum was achieved through careful alloy design and processing techniques. In this study, aluminium was introduced into the Cu-3Si binary alloy in concentrations of 0.1-5wt% and fabricated using stir-casting technique. The microstructural c...

Temperature variation directly affects the melting and solidification process of welding and has a significant impact on weld quality and mechanical properties. Accurately acquiring real-time temperature variations during the welding process is crucial for the real-time detection of welding defects. In this study, a novel thin-film thermocouple (TF...

In this study, various structures are designed to improve the bearing capacity of belt-type ultra-high-pressure dies. Via theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and destructive experiments, the stress distribution, bearing capacity, and failure principle of various dies are analyzed. The results demonstrate that the positive and negative value...