Guyana - Science topic

In this article, the author puts the existing literature on gendered personhood and space and the relationships between bodily fluids and the spirit world in dialogue with a specific ethnographic account of the sickness in Southern Guyana. The sickness is a spiritual illness that befalls Amerindian girls living in boarding school dormitories in Guy...

For countries with a high prevalence of HIV such as in the Caribbean, intimate partner violence (IPV) may increase the chances for acquiring HIV infection. Using secondary data, we compared findings from studies conducted in five Caribbean countries measuring the prevalence of gender-based violence among women in Grenada, Jamaica, Guyana, Suriname,...

We report a new country record and a considerable range extension of the Barinas smooth snake, Erythrolamprus dorsocorallinus, in Guyana. Previously, the species had only been reported in Bolivia, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela, and the western Brazilian Amazonia. Our observation adds E. dorsocorallinus to the faunal list of Guyana and suggests that thi...

Ambient sun drying is the method most used by Indigenous communities for preserving fruits and seeds harvested from the forest. It is an effective method to increase the shelf-life of highly perishable foods and prevent spoilage until important bioactive compounds can be extracted at distant locations. The ambient sun drying kinetics and oil extrac...

El IGI-AMB LATAM 2023 mide niveles de impunidad ambiental en 33 países de América Latina, a través de 52 indicadores, poniendo especial énfasis en cuatro dimensiones: la estructura existente a través de capacidades institucionales y estrategias intergeneracionales, y sus niveles de funcionamiento expresados en degradación y crimen ambiental. El est...

Sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum ) is a traditional major crop and export of Guyana. This study aims to assess the current irrigation scenario and propose scenarios to maximize the yield and water use efficiency of sugarcane ( S. officinarum ) in Guyana, using the AquaCrop model. Field-measured climate and soil data, and local crop parameters were...

At its fourth session, in 2019, the United Nations Environment Assembly adopted a resolution on the topic of mineral resources governance and mining (UNEA res 4/19). Following subsequent intergovernmental discussions, in 2022, a follow-up resolution was proposed to cover environmental aspects of minerals and metals management across the full life-c...

On December 3, Venezuelans will vote in a referendum on the annexation of Esequibo to the territory of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. This blog post argues that the referendum has implications for both domestic constitutional law and international law. Since the referendum cannot have any practical effect under international law, it also vio...

The arc welding operation results in harmful fumes being emitted where welders are exposed to dangerous metallic gases and fumes for 6 to 8 hours daily at INFAB welding company in Guyana. This paper presents a design of a fume extraction system, the design incorporates workspace dimensions, volume calculations, duct materials required, framework ma...

ARTICLE Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by fore...

Selective logging is the most widespread driver of land‐use change in biodiverse and carbon‐rich tropical forests. However, the effects of selective logging on biodiversity are less than those associated with other drivers of forest degradation. A suite of recent research has shown that reduced‐impact logging (RIL) results in few or no changes to b...

Understanding parents' satisfaction with quality is necessary for offering services that better meet the needs of children and families. However, there is a paucity of such research in Guyana. Through a descriptive survey, 51 parents provided insights to guide decisions about service at the University of Guyana Early Childhood Centre of Excellence....

The coastal belt continues to be the most active agricultural zone in Guyana, despite climate risks and environmental vulnerabilities. To build the resilience of Guyana's agriculture sector to the threats of sea level rise, salinization and flooding exacerbated by climate change, it is imperative that agricultural activities be decentralized throug...

Coastline ecosystems are resilient, and the mangrove species that inhabit them are well-suited to deal with harsh environmental stresses. Mangrove leaves are specialised plant structures that enable them to preserve their photosynthetic capability and functionality despite frequent changes in their habitats. Along the coastline of Guyana, we studie...

Two types of copper deposits predominate in the rainforest-clad Guiana shield. Volcanogenic deposits associated with orogenic-type gold mineralisation are concentrated in the Paleoproterozoic Maronian greenstone belt stretching over 1500 km along the Atlantic coast of South America. Mafic to felsic volcanism, plutonism, sedimentation, deformation a...

Allometric scaling is closely related to the morphology, function and behavior of trees, which are of great significance to the study of ecology. However, most of the traditional allometric scaling studies used the scalar attributes of trees, without considering the 3D vector mode of tree growth. In order to investigate the allometric relationships...

Guyana’s colonial past has left a trail of economic instability, racial polarization, and physical and mental trauma. Despite the progress made since Guyana’s independence in 1966, the remnants of this colonial past continue to shape present-day Guyana. As a result, violence and trauma continue to impact the mental health of the population. This is...

The derbid genus Labicerus, and its single component species Labicerus elegans, was succinctly described by Erichson in Schomburgk (1848) from Guyana but subsequently remained obscure. Here we redescribe and illustrate the genus and species from a rediscovered syntype specimen. We present a preliminary key to the New World genera of Otiocerini and...

Mangrove leaves have unique features that enable them to cope with shifting environmental conditions while preserving their general functionality and efficiency. We examined the morphological characteristics and chlorophyll content (spectroscopically) of 600 mature Avicennia germinans leaves selected from 30 trees located in one degraded, one resto...

Preventing vector-borne diseases (VBDs) mainly relies on effective vector control tools and strategies, which in turn depend on population acceptance and adherence. Inspired by the abundant recent literature on SARS-COV-2, we investigate the relationship between risk perception and preventive behaviour for selected VBDs and the extent to which risk...

Random thoughts on immigration, religion, and home is a journey into the past that transpires with a trip to the country of my origin, Guyana, which I had left in 1982 to immigrate to Canada. In this story, I revisit the schools I attended as a child to reflect on how religion was intertwined with education in a colonised British state and used to...

Doliocarpus dentatus is thought to have a wide variety of therapeutic phytochemicals that allegedly improve libido and cure impotence. Although a few biomarkers have been identified with potential antinociceptive and cytotoxic properties, an untargeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach has never been undertaken to identify therapeutic b...

This article deals with the analysis of \({\mathrm{CO}}_{2}\) emissions in Latin America by using a long memory process based on fractional integration. Using data of \({\mathrm{CO}}_{2}\) emission and \({\mathrm{CO}}_{2}\) emissions per capita, for 32 Latin American and Caribbean countries, the results show significant differences according to the...

It is written! It is finished! FINALLY, I have been able to complete my long-awaited book. It has not been easy, not for a single second, not for a single minute. Recounting the experiences I have faced in my attempts to be gainfully employed IN GUYANA has been nightmarish, to say the very least. Considering the length of the book (over 300 pag...

Destruction and threats to coastal mangrove ecosystems have been a perennial problem for policy-makers in Guyana. The problem is due in part to the erosion cycles, spontaneous infrastructure development and environmental degradation. To address these multiple issues, the National Mangrove Project Office employed several different strategies, includ...

Background: The effective attainment of sexual, reproductive, and maternal health and rights (SRMHR) requires a holistic life-course approach. This approach should address disparities in healthcare access and rights, guarantee the delivery of high-quality care devoid of discrimination, and underscore rigorous accountability mechanisms throughout th...

The suppression of anthropogenic fire is an important legacy of European colonisation worldwide. Fire suppression has undermined human livelihoods and fire‐dependent ecologies. Belize and Guyana are the only former British colonies on the mainland of Central and South America. Both countries have fire‐dependent tropical savanna ecosystems, where fi...

This paper discusses how pluractionality is expressed in Macuxi (Cariban), a South American Indigenous language spoken in Brazil, Guyana and Venezuela. Cross-linguistically, the multiplicity of an action can be expressed by means of specialized pluractional morphemes affixed on verbs, via adverbs, or by reduplication. Previous work on Macuxi claime...

On the 14th of April 2023, JUICE spacecraft was successfully lifted into space by an Ariane 5 rocket from Guyana Space Centre in French Guyana. JUpiter ICy moons Explorer is an ESA science mission dedicated to the investigation of the Jupiter and its Galilean moons, and it will be the first spacecraft to orbit a moon of another planet beyond Earth....

El presente trabajo tiene como propósito presentar una visión pedagógica de la controversia que sobre el territorio Esequibo mantienen Venezuela y Guyana. Se bosquejan, en líneas generales, los antecedentes históricos de la reclamación venezolana, así como las condiciones geográficas del territorio en reclamación. Seguidamente, se proponen algunos...

Selective logging is the most widespread use of tropical forests. Building logging roads facilitates access to previously remote rainforests, and so proper management is essential for ensuring biodiversity retention in logged landscapes. Terrestrial mammals often directly use logging roads (via movement corridors, hunting or foraging), making them...

Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing is widely recognised as a transdisciplinary problem requiring holistic action at international, regional and national level. The primary aim of the CAPFISH Project is to build capacity to address IUU fishing in developing states, by providing knowledge and tools to government actors on the front lin...

Background This is a cohort pilot study of senior emergency medicine residents and residency-trained emergency medicine registrars practicing in an urban tertiary academic hospital in Guyana in South America. The primary aim was to assess the effectiveness of the current adapted residency ultrasound training curriculum and guide future ultrasound-s...

Seed dispersal is widely considered as an important mechanism for the conservation of plant diversity. In tropical regions, over 80% of woody plant species are dispersed by vertebrates, often through the consumption of fruits. Our understanding of what drives interactions between vertebrates and fruits is limited. Through a systematic literature se...

Background: The effective attainment of sexual, reproductive, and maternal health and rights (SRMHR) requires a holistic life-course approach. This approach should address disparities in healthcare access and rights, guarantee the delivery of high-quality care devoid of discrimination, and underscore rigorous accountability mechanisms throughout th...

The seed oil of Carapa guianensis, known as crabwood oil (CWO), is distinguished for its medicinal and cosmetics applications, attributed to its bioactive components and lipid profile. CWO and its dry and solvent fractionation were studied, with a focus on physicochemical functionality and the partitioning of known bioactive compounds, such as limo...

Guyana is targeting a reduction in its food import bill by substituting wheat, a major food commodity imported, with locally grown crops. In this study, the physical and sensory characteristics of value-added products (bread and roti) made from various ratios of rice-wheat composite flour were examined to ascertain whether rice flour might be succe...

Guyana's sugar industry is marked by significant development, importance, and political relevance. The Dutch developed and managed the sector, followed by the British and then the Government of Guyana, each with their style that either propelled or stagnated the industry. This stagnation occurred post-independence owing to changing world dynamics,...

Struthocelis semiotarsa, is registered as a palm pest in Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Perú, Guyana, and Suriname (Foninpal, 2002; Genty et al., 1978). In Colombia its presence is more noticeable in the eastern, central and southwestern palm areas. Damaged is caused by the larvae when they feed on the foliage, but additionally orange stripes 2 to 4...

There are 3 other species of Hispoleptis, in addition to Hispoleptis subfasciata Piceus, registered by the French’s, Berti and Chenon (1973), in an exploration made in Ecuador and Colombia, to know the pests that affected the oil palm and the coconut tree. The species found correspond to Hispoleptis elaeidis Aslam, which was found in western Ecuado...

Macrofungi in mangrove ecosystems remain understudied, especially in Guyana. An investigation of the macrofungal diversity in selected coastal mangrove ecosystems in Guyana was carried out, which yielded 19 species belonging to 18 genera, 14 families, nine (9) orders, five (5) classes and two (2) phyla. Majority of the species identified (89%) belo...

Current WHO guidelines set prevalence thresholds below which a neglected tropical disease can be considered to have been eliminated as a public health problem, and specify how surveys to assess whether elimination has been achieved should be designed and analysed, based on classical survey sampling methods. In this paper, we describe an alternative...

Introduction: Carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is a public health problem worldwide. Although carbapenem resistance is emerging in Morocco, few studies have shown the epidemiological profile of carbapenemase genes in Moroccan healthcare facilities. The aim of this study was to characterize the molecular profile of th...

Mammal diversity affects carbon concentration in Amazonian soils. It is known that some species traits determine carbon accumulation in organisms (e.g., size and longevity), and are also related to feeding strategies, thus linking species traits to the type of organic remains that are incorporated into the soil. Trait diversity in mammal assemblage...

La Resolución Pacífica de las Controversias Internacionales es un mecanismo que se estableció en 1945 en el marco de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas como una de las maneras de dar respuesta a la necesidad de poner fin a la violencia como un mecanismo de resolver disputas entre estados. El presente trabajo, aborda una controversia que se ha presenta...

Pantepui s.l. is a remote, biodiverse region of ~400 000 km2 containing at least five endemic reptile genera and a number of ancient vertebrate lineages. Here, we describe an additional endemic snake genus and species, Paikwaophis kruki gen. nov., sp. nov. (Dipsadidae: Xenodontinae), recently collected in the Pantepui cloud forest that sits at the...

Platyrrhinus guianensis is bat with a distribution restricted to the Guiana Region of South America in Guyana and Suriname. Herein, we report the southernmost record of this species, extending its distribution to Brazil in Brazilian Amazon. Our record indicates that the species have a larger geographical range that previously thought. Platyrrhinus...

This article examines the role of colonial institutions and legacies in shaping modern-day adaptive capacity in a postcolonial urban center in the Caribbean-Georgetown, Guyana. Focusing on the Dutch and British colonial periods of governance, it shows the ways in which these colonial periods have shaped the physical and social structures of the cit...

A checklist with preliminary conservation assessments of native South American species of Acalypha is presented. This work is supported by the study of ca 6500 herbarium specimens and an in-depth literature review. As a result, 87 species (83 native and four introduced) and eight subspecies are accepted, and a further 395 names are considered synon...

As climate change continues unabated, research is increasingly focused on capturing and quantifying the lesser-known psychological responses and mental health implications of this humanitarian and environmental crisis. There has been a particular interest in the experiences of young people, who are more vulnerable for a range of reasons, including...

The purpose of this paper is to review and evaluate published literature on mushroom cultivation and production and the range of benefits and therapeutic potential. A systematic method was used to gather the relevant literature. A total of twenty-six research papers published between the years 1970 to 2022 were selected and utilized in this review....

Artibeus amplus Handley, 1987 is a little-known bat species endemic to northern South America. There are confirmed records of the species for Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, and Suriname. In this study, we report the occurrence of A. amplus in Brazil based on the collection of two specimens captured in the municipalities of Cantá and Caracaraí in the...

Background The suicide rate in Guyana has consistently ranked in the top ten globally, yet there is only limited literature related to the context in which these suicides occur. This study aims to better understand the psychosocial circumstances and characteristics of suicides in Guyana. Methods This case series study utilised a qualitative psycho...

Vascular epiphytes stand out in tropical forests in terms of diversity. However, no comprehensive review of the group in the Amazon region has been performed so far. We carried out a literature review on the scientific knowledge of vascular epiphytes in the Amazon aiming to identify the main gaps, limitations and perspectives for studies on the sub...

Objective To explore the antimicrobial stewardship policy landscape in three English-speaking Caribbean countries (Barbados, Guyana, and Saint Lucia) and examine the key enablers and challenges to the design and implementation of formal antimicrobial stewardship programs. Methods A document analysis that searched for existing policy, communication...

The water scavenger beetle genus Novochares Girón & Short, 2021 is revised using a combination of adult morphological and DNA sequence data. Thirty-eight new species are described: Novochares aperito sp. nov. (Bolivia), N. baca sp. nov. (Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Suriname), N. bidens sp. nov. (Brazil), N. bisinuatus sp. nov. (Brazil), N. clavieri sp....

Purpose of Review The aim of this study was to compile all cases of yellow fever (YF) recorded in the Guiana Shield (GS), a region located on the northeastern shore of South America. Recent Findings Yellow fever causes several deaths in French Guiana during the last years. In this context, we wanted to know if it was due to a lack of vaccination o...

This study looked at how students' academic success taking first-year mathematics core courses in the Faculty of Natural Sciences at the University of Guyana, Turkeyen Campus correlated with their emotional intelligence. The sample comprised one hundred and forty-seven first-year randomly selected students who were registered for both MTH1101-Algeb...

Modern society has benefited from the rapid advancement of technology, making it necessary to assess the effects of Information Communication Technology (ICT) adoption in the classroom. This study examined secondary school Integrated Science teachers' perception of ICT integration in Grade 10 across East Berbice Corentyne, Guyana. A non-experimenta...

Since its formation in 1831, the French Foreign Legion has traditionally defended French interests in the overseas regions. During its nearly two centuries of existence, it was primarily involved in the conquest and protection of colonial territories in Africa but was also deployed many times on the Asian and American continents. In the latter regi...

Concrete compressive strength is evaluated by both non-destructive and destructive methods of testing. The former method does not represent the in-situ strength of the concrete under its loading conditions. Conversely, the latter method is affected by the location of the reinforcement, moisture, aggregates, among others. The evaluation of the co...

A paddy (Oryza sativa) seed treatment study was conducted by the Plant Pathology Department, GRDB, RRS, Burma to evaluate the effectiveness of eight fungicides [Amistar Xtra 28SC, Saaf 75 WP, Glory 75WG, Tridium 70WG, Antracol 70WP, Rodazim 50 SC, Carbendazim 50SC and Manzate Pro Stick TM], at varying rates, along with a healthy check and untreated...

Students with disabilities stand a higher chance of dropping out of school before completing their primary or secondary education. As a result, their full integration into society may be hindered. Globally, there is a movement towards addressing this issue through targeted interventions. For example, the Guyana Council of Organisations for Persons...

изучен минеральный состав грязевого гало побережья гайаны. в составе глинистых осадков литоральной зоны абсолютно преобладают терригенные кварц и полевые шпаты. также присутствуют терригенный и органогенный кальцит, в переменных количествах-каолинит, гидратированные слюды, смектиты. среди акцессорных минералов установлены аутигенные пирит, карбонат...

Objective To identify the 2022 recommendations made by ministries of health in the 13 countries and areas of South America for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and cervical cancer screening. Methods A systematic review of scientific literature and official documents was conducted between July 7 and October 17, 2022. The review included an in...

Background Although most Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) countries made important progress in maternal and child health indicators from the 1990s up to 2010, little is known about such progress in the last decade. This study aims at documenting progress for each country as a whole, and to assess how within-country socioeconomic inequalities...

Preventing vector-borne diseases (VBDs) mainly relies on effective vector control tools and strategies, which in turn depend on population acceptance and adherence. Inspired by the abundant recent literature on SARS-COV-2, we investigate the relationship between risk perception and preventive behaviour for selected VBDs and the extent to which risk...

We describe three new species of landfrogs, genus Pristimantis, from near the summit of Mt. Kopinang, one of the several high points of the Wokomung Massif, a large horseshoe-shaped tepui (= mesa) in west-central Guyana. Pristimantis koki n. sp. is known from 1,067 to 1,525 m elevation. It is characterized by small-sized adults averaging 12.4 mm SV...

If we look overall at the global distribution of the value of political stability, it appears that Western countries are certainly the most evolved from the point of view of the absence of terrorism and political violence. Certainly the leading countries are the European countries, the Scandinavian countries, the Anglo-Saxon countries and Japan. To...

Agriculture plays a vital role in providing food globally including Guyana, however, the increase in the human population adversely decreases farm size, which results in nutrient depletion on existing farms due to extensive farming activities on the same land season after season. Biochar is commonly used as a non-conventional farming system to enha...

Perubahan hidup serba digital di era revolusi industri dewasa ini telah mengakibatkan meningkatnya pengangguran. Sebagai sebuah negara, Indonesia bertanggung jawab terhadap warganya untuk menyediakan pekerjaan layak dan mengaturnya agar hak tersebut dapat dipenuhi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk perlindungan hukum negara terhadap...

Komfa is a Guyanese practice involving elaborate rituals dedicated to “the Seven Nations” of ancestor-spirits who re/present colonial British demography. Komfa’s Spanish nation is most frequently understood as presenting queer subjecthood through overtly sexualized and (trans)gendered performances. To Guyanese, “Spanish” generally refers to Venezue...

Plants have been used by humans since immemorial times, but most of the information about what types of plants have been used, rarely have been documented. Ethnobotanical studies in the case of South America aim to fill in the gaps between the traditional knowledge of people and the different plant species used. With most of the research being focu...

Current WHO guidelines set prevalence thresholds below which a Neglected Tropical Disease can be considered to have been eliminated as a public health problem, and specify how surveys to assess whether elimination has been achieved should be designed and analysed, based on classical survey sampling methods. In this paper we describe an alternative...

Background: Currently, the emergence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria is becoming a major threat to patients in the hospital and community. Such enzymes have been recently detected in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but there is no epidemiological data on the prevalence of ESBL-producing clinical isolates in the hospitals of Ardab...

The Savanna Racer snake Erythrolamprus aenigma is found in northern Brazil, Guyana and Venezuela. Here I present the first records of this species in eastern Colombia, extending the known distribution more than 1000 km east of its nearest range.

This article challenges Daniel Yergin's proposition that climate mobilization, and not energy security, is the main driver of contemporary international engagement. I examine the realities of Guyana and Suriname, two small states in the Guyana-Suriname Basin (GSB) that give equal weight to energy security and climate issues. The two have oil reserv...

An upstream carbon tax at the wellhead (UTC-W) in Guyana could be considered to be both an efficient mitigation measure and a source of climate finance for adaptation and resilience building that is both efficient and consistent with ideas of climate justice. In this somewhat limited sense, the UTC-W is both efficient and fair. The UCT-W has two si...

Despite being disproportionately susceptible to infectious diseases like COVID-19, many Indigenous peoples still hold traditional knowledge that is responding and adapting to new circumstances and crises such as the pandemic. In this paper, we present the findings from a participatory video project in eight Makushi and Wapishan Indigenous communiti...