Gut - Science topic

Obesity currently represents a major societal and health problem worldwide. Its prevalence has reached epidemic levels, and trends continue to increase; This, in turn, reflects the need for more effective preventive measures. Dietary composition is one of the main factors that modulate the structure and function of the gut microbiota. Therefore, ab...

Background: Obesity is associated with structural deterioration in the gut. Yoyo dieting, which refers to repeated phases of dieting and non-dieting periods leading to cyclic weight loss and regain, is a common occurrence in individuals with obesity. However, there is limited evidence on how gut structures are affected in yoyo dieting. There is goo...

Global average life expectancy has steadily increased over the last several decades and is projected to reach ~ 77 years by 2050. As it stands, the number of people > 60 years currently outnumbers children younger than 5 years, and by 2050, it is anticipated that the global population of people aged > 60 years will double, surpassing 2.1 billion. T...

Inflammatory bowel disease presents significant treatment challenges owing to its complex pathology. Although probiotics have shown promise as a therapeutic option, their effectiveness is often limited by low concentrations at sites of inflammation, exacerbated by excessive reactive oxygen species and inflammatory triggers. To address this, an inno...

Background The human gut microbiota is inoculated at birth and undergoes a process of assembly and diversification during the first few years of life. Studies in mice and humans have revealed associations between the early-life gut microbiome and future susceptibility to immune and metabolic diseases. To resolve microbe and host contributing factor...

Background: The human digestive system contains approximately 100 trillion bacteria. The gut microbiota is an emerging field of research that is associated with specific biological processes in many diseases, including cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, brain disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer. Emerging evidence indicates that the gu...

Background Gut-parasite transmission often involves faecal shedding, and detecting parasites in stool samples remains the cornerstone of diagnosis. However, not all samples drawn from infected hosts contain parasites (because of intermittent shedding), and no test can detect the target parasites in 100% of parasite-bearing samples (because of imper...

Migration is one of the most amazing yet mysterious biological phenomena occurring twice a year when billions of birds migrate between their breeding (summer) and non- breeding (winter) grounds. Throughout their annual cycle, birds express a sequence of life history stages during which they face considerable challenges leading to alteration in thei...

The outstretched wing phenotype in Drosophila melanogaster can be induced by various genetic mutations and environmental perturbations, yet the role of gut‐derived signals in coordinating wing development remains largely unexplored. In this study, we demonstrate that Upd2, secreted from the gut to the wing discs, plays a crucial role in regulating...

Urological tumors are an important disease affecting global human health, and their pathogenesis and treatment have been the focus of medical research. With the in - depth study of microbiomics, the role of the microbiome in urological tumors has gradually attracted attention. However, the current research on tumor - associated microorganisms mostl...

Ökologische Kinder- und Jugendliteratur soll ökologische Themen begreifbar machen, sodass ein entsprechendes Umdenken und Aktiv-Werden stattfinden kann. Diese Leserlenkung hin zum ökologisch handelnden Individuum kann einerseits über die Sprache und andererseits über das Storytelling – und damit auch über die Figur des kindlichen Umweltschützers –...

Background/Objectives: This study investigates the gut microbiota’s role in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), focusing on microbial and functional signatures and sex-based differences. Methods: Using baseline data from 98 MASLD patients and 45 controls from the Fatty Liver in Obesity (FLiO) study, the gut microbiota...

Species co-occurrence can lead to competitive interactions that influence fitness. Competition is typically assumed to be modulated by species niche, especially food-acquisition related traits. The influence of interspecific interactions on host microbiome communities has rarely been considered, and yet may provide an alternative mechanism regardin...

Deinococcucin A is a secondary metabolite isolated from a gut bacteria of carpenter ant, member of extremophilic Deinoccocus family. The structure is a glycolipid containing N‐acetyl glucosamine, linked in α anomeric position to a chiral 2,3‐dihydroxypropanamide moiety. We succeeded a new strategy starting directly from N‐acetylglucosamine and tran...

Chlamydia trachomatis , an intracellular pathogen, stands as the most prevalent sexually transmitted bacterial infection among women globally. Traditionally recognized as a genital pathogen, recent research indicates that the gastrointestinal tract may also act as a reservoir for its long-term colonization. However, the mechanisms underlying Chlamy...

We focused on investigation of E. coli infection influence on the turnover and apoptosis of intestinal mucosa. We have verified changes in proliferation and apoptosis in epithelial lining as well as in lamina propria of jejunum and colon of germ-free (GF) piglets as healthy control group and GF piglets in which at 5th day their gut was colonized wi...

The morbidity and mortality of neurodegenerative diseases (NNDs) are increasing year by year, but the pathogenesis of the diseases is still unclear and the only currently available treatments are very limited. The aging of the world's population is a serious trend, and the search for new treatments is urgent. The discovery of the microbial-gut-brai...

Organoids for modelling the physiology and pathology of gastrointestinal tissues are constrained by a poorly accessible lumen. Here we report the development and applicability of bilaterally accessible organoid-derived patterned epithelial monolayers that allow the independent manipulation of their apical and basal sides. We constructed gastric, sm...

Attaching and effacing (A/E) bacterial pathogens consist of human pathogens enteropathogenic Escherichia coli , enterohemorrhagic E . coli and their murine equivalent Citrobacter rodentium (CR). Emerging evidence suggests that the complex pathogen-microbiota-host interactions are critical in conferring A/E pathogen infection-induced severe symptoms...

Earthworms are known as ecological engineers due to their significant role in enhancing soil health and productivity. Various factors such as temperature , moisture, acidity, pH, sunlight and the availability of organic matter influence their presence in soil. Earthworms exhibit diverse feeding and burrowing behaviors, which lead to crucial ecologi...

During reproduction, multiple species such as insects and all mammals undergo extensive physiological and morphological adaptions to ensure health and survival of the mother and optimal development of the offspring. Here we report that the intestinal epithelium undergoes expansion during pregnancy and lactation in mammals. This enlargement of the i...

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund In der modernen Notfallmedizin ist es zunehmend möglich, interventionell-radiologische Verfahren anzuwenden. Von ischämischen Schlaganfällen bis hin zu lebensbedrohlichen Blutungen bieten diese Techniken neue Optionen zur schnellen, sicheren und effektiven Patient:innenversorgung. Jedoch erfordert der Einsatz dieser Ver...

Probiotics are “live microbial feed additives that benefit the host by enhancing gut microbial balance” (eubiosis). Probiotics can be bacteria, fungi, or yeasts, and their use in poultry has progressively expanded over the years due to the rising demand for antibiotic alternatives. Although several microorganisms have been assessed to be used as pr...

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Ein zunehmender Verlust an Knochenmineralgehalt (KMG) am Achsenskelett führt zu einer Osteoporose und Frakturen, wobei sich thorakal und thorakolumbal eine Häufung findet. Fragestellung Inwieweit eine untersucherunabhängige Abschätzung zum Ausmaß einer Osteoporose und Frakturrisikobestimmung mittels spongiöser Dichtebe...

Myocardial infarction (MI) is an important risk factor for the development of atrial fibrillation (AF), and the gut microbial metabolite phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln) is strongly associated with the prognosis of MI patients. However, whether PAGln is involved in the regulation of AF after MI is currently unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed...

Bacteriophages (phages) are abundant members of the gut microbiota and regulators of bacterial communities. During homeostasis, gut phage communities are longitudinally stable and lysogenic replication is dominant. In chronic gut inflammatory disorders, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), there are alterations in phage diversity, which may...

Earthworms are among the most important soil fauna. To exert effects on soils, they need to be active. Earthworm presence is often used as an indicator for activity, but this is not always reliable as earthworms may survive long periods of inactivity or even estivation. Other direct, reliable, and objective measurements for earthworm activity are l...

Microorganisms that colonize the intestine communicate with the host in various ways and affect gut function and health. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), especially their encapsulated microRNAs (miRNAs), participate in the complex and precise regulation of microbiota–host interactions in the gut. These roles make miRNAs critically important for the pr...

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbiome-derived metabolite, participates in the atherogenesis and vascular stiffening that is closely linked with cardiovascular (CV) complications and related deaths in individuals with kidney failure undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) therapy. In these patients, arterial stiffness (AS) is also an indicator...

Background: Susceptibility to and severity of pulmonary infections increase with ethanol consumption. We have previously shown that ethanol-induced changes in the gut microbiome disrupt gut homeostasis, allowing for the translocation of proinflammatory mediators into the circulation and eliciting an immune response in the lung. Additionally, target...

Recent conceptualizations of auditors’ professional skepticism suggest the interplay between analytical and intuitive information processing. We conduct an in-depth empirical investigation to explore this relationship, drawing on 49 interviews with auditors from the Big Four audit firms in the UK. It reveals that auditors’ skepticism often emerges...

Herbal feed additives (HFAs) have emerged as promising alternatives to antibiotics in poultry nutrition, particularly following the ban on antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) and the growing interest in antibiotic-free production. The aim of this review was to discuss the potential effects of various HFAs on improving growth performance, enhancing a...

Traditional methods for studying microbial communities have been limited due to difficulties in culturing and sequencing all microbial species. Recent advances in third-generation sequencing technologies, particularly PacBio’s high-fidelity (HiFi) sequencing, have significantly advanced metagenomics by providing accurate long-read sequences. This r...

The growing threat of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae , coupled with its role in gut colonisation, has intensified the search for new treatments, including bacteriophage therapy. Despite increasing documentation of Klebsiella- targeting phages, clinical applications remain limited, with key phage-bacteria interactions still poorly underst...

Blackcurrant (BC) extract was reported to exert anti-obesity effects. However, it is unknown whether BC extract with a composition close to the totum differentially affects obesity when compared to one of its active compounds. We evaluated the anti-obesity effects of a BC standardized hydro-alcoholic leaf extract (BC-HLE) in an HFD-induced obesity...

Background/Objectives: Lyme disease is caused by some species of tick-borne bacteria of the genus Borrelia, termed Lyme disease Borreliae (LDB). Borrelia burgdorferi is the LDB species principally responsible for Lyme disease in the US. The outer surface protein A (OspA) of LDB attaches the bacteria to the gut of Ixodes tick vectors. OspA expressio...

Die Diskussion über die Wirksamkeit des Mathematikunterrichts in der gymnasialen Oberstufe hält an. Aktuelle Studien belegen zeitlich relativ stabil deutliche Defizite bei mathematikbezogenen Kompetenzen am Ende der gymnasialen Oberstufe (Rolfes et al. 2021). Fast ein Drittel aller Abiturientinnen und Abiturienten sind noch nicht den allgemeinbilde...

Es gibt zahlreiche internetbasierte Selbstmangementinterventionen zur Behandlung psychischer Störungen. Wenn sie gut gemacht sind, basieren sie nicht nur auf evidenzbasierten Theorien und Techniken der Psychotherapie sondern haben auch ihre Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit in randomisierten Studien gezeigt. Und wenn sie im Verzeichnis der Digitalen Gesun...

Für Restaurants ist es von besonderer Bedeutung, genau zu verstehen, wer ihre potentiellen und tatsächlichen Gäste sind und was genau sich diese bei einem Restaurant bzw. einem Restaurantbesuch wünschen. Insbesondere ist dabei von Interesse, welche Kriterien potentielle Gäste bei der Auswahl von Restaurants anwenden und wann Gäste mit ihrem Restaur...

Dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) have emerged as major global public health challenges, causing numerous infections and fatalities each year. However, current measures, including vaccines and treatments, are often limited or ineffective. This highlights the urgent need for novel preventive strategies to control the spread of key mosquito‐b...

Traditional medicines like Aurveda and TCM have been used since prehistoric ages as remedies for diseases. In this research, an attempt was made to show and link how traditional medicines impact gut bacteria and gut health in terms of individual medicines and diseases.

The rice leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis is an important migratory pest in Asia. Although this pest possesses diverse bacterial communities in its gut, functions of these bacteria in modulating host fitness, including development durations, pupal weight, adult longevity, and fecundity, remain unknown. We isolated gut bacteria from field–collec...

The gut microbiota plays an integral role in carrying out digestion processes as well as having profound health implications. Environmental factors such as the type of diet an individual consumes dictate its composition and its impact on the host. The disruption of the gut microbiome causes dysbiosis. Some presently considered non-communicable dise...

Humans have always been fascinated by the unknown, whether it’s distant planets, undiscovered species of bacteria, or hidden proteins in the human gut microbiome. Unknown has stimulated human curiosity for centuries, leading to landmark discoveries that have transformed the course of human history on Earth. We often hear about dark matter in space,...

Bile salts possess innate antibacterial properties and can cause significant damage to bacteria. To survive in the mammalian gut, Klebsiella pneumoniae has developed mechanisms to tolerate bile salts; however, the specific mechanisms remain unclear. Transposon library screening revealed that the efflux pump AcrAB is involved in bile salt resistance...

Recent studies have revealed that dysbiosis, defined as alterations in gut microbiota, plays an important role in the development and the progression of many non-communicable diseases, including metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The high frequency of GDM makes this disorder an important p...

We explore spontaneous CP violation (SCPV) in the minimal non-supersymmetric SO(10) grand unified theory (GUT), with a scalar sector comprising a CP-even $45_H$, a $126_H$, and a complex $10_H$. All renormalizable couplings are real due to CP symmetry, and the Kobayashi-Maskawa phase arises solely from complex electroweak vacuum expectation values....

Unveiling the systemic effects of disease and health requires an holistic approach that has mainly revolved around well established, directly determinable molecular relationships such as the protein synthesis cascade and epigenetic mechanisms. In this study, involving 394 individuals, we found direct linkage of branches spanning human biological fu...

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide and seriously affects the quality of life of elderly patients. PD is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra as well as abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein in neurons. Recent research has deepened our understanding of the gut mi...

How to cite this article: Qurrat-Ul-Ain, Rabbani I, Rashid MA, Yousaf MS, Shehzad W, and Rehman H (2024) Effects of dietary garlic (Allium sativum) and papaya (Carica papaya) leaf powder on production performance, ruminal methanogen levels, gut parameters, and meat quality in goats, Veterinary World, 17(11): 2659-2666. Abstract Background and Aim:...

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by coexisting risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Diet is of importance in their aetiology, and gut microbiota (GM) may constitute a link between diet and metabolic health. Understanding the interplay between diet and GM could contribute novel insights for future dietar...

Several human-associated microbial communities exist in multiple configurations and can change their composition in response to perturbations, remaining in an altered state even after the perturbation ends. Multistability has been previously proposed to explain this behavior for gut microbiota in particular, but has not been clearly demonstrated ex...

Atlantic salmon are one of the most important fish species in global aquaculture production. However, temperature increases attributed to climatic events impair the production of Atlantic salmon during summer. Additionally, the nutritional requirements for this species when reared under elevated temperatures require elucidation. To address this gap...

This review explores the significant role of microfluidic technologies in advancing cancer research, focusing on the below key areas: droplet-based microfluidics, organ-on-chip systems, paper-based microfluidics, electrokinetic chips, and microfluidic chips for the study of immune response. Droplet-based microfluidics allows precise manipulation of...

Long regarded as illicit substances with no clinical value, N-dimethylated tryptamines—such as N,N-dimethyltryptamine, 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, and bufotenine—have been found to produce naturally in a wide variety of species, including humans. Known for their psychoactive effects through serotonin receptors (5-HTRs), N-dimethylated tryptam...

Genome-wide association studies identify common genomic variants associated with disease across a population. Individual environmental effects are often not included, despite evidence that environment mediates genomic regulation of higher order biology. Body mass index (BMI) is associated with complex disorders across clinical specialties, yet has...

Obwohl das Hörspiel eine Renaissance erlebt und im Alltag vieler Menschen einen festen Platz hat, fehlte für seine wissenschaftliche Erforschung bislang eine Zusammenschau der relevanten Grundlagen. Matthias C. Hänselmann stellt erstmals das komplette Instrumentarium zur Analyse und Interpretation des Hörspiels bereit. Ausgehend von einer historisc...

In 2023, the World Obesity Atlas Federation concluded that more than 50% of the world’s population would be overweight or obese within the next 12 years. At the heart of this epidemic lies the gut microbiota, a complex ecosystem that profoundly influences obesity-related metabolic health. Its multifaced role encompasses energy harvesting, inflammat...

The gut is the first organ to contact food, and it is often the target of nutrition studies performed on aquaculture fish. Histological analysis reveals morphological changes in fish intestines caused by ingredients in formulated feeds. However, this type of analysis is mainly based on a semi-quantitative approach, often restricted to specialized r...

The damnification of mitochondrion is often considered to be an important culprit of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), however, there are fewer reports of mechanisms of mitochondria-mediated IBD treatment. Therefore, we first proposed to reboot mitochondrial energy metabolism to treat IBD by capturing the double-sided factor of ROS and creatine (Cr...

Anna, 8 Jahre alt, ist eine lebhafte und kluge Schülerin, die die dritte Klasse einer öffentlichen Schule besucht. Seit Beginn des Schuljahres hat Anna Schwierigkeiten, sich in die Klassengemeinschaft zu integrieren. Die Kinder in ihrer Klasse übersehen sie bei gemeinsamen Aktivitäten oder Spielen auf dem Schulhof. Anna fühlt sich einsam und sozial...

Background The global prevalence of the metabolic disease Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is increasing. Risk factors contributing to the development of T2D include overweight and obesity, lack of physical activity (PA), and an unhealthy diet. In addition, the gut microbiota has been shown to affect metabolic regulation. Since T2D is preventable, efforts sho...

Background/Objective Short sleep duration (SSD) affects people’s health in multiple ways. This study attempted to explore the effect of SSD on the gut microbiota. Methods In the American Gut Project Database, 361 individuals (without troubled by disease recently) with less than 6 h of sleep per day were obtained and matched with normal sleep time...

The autonomic nervous system orchestrates the functions of the brain and body through the sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways¹. However, our understanding of the autonomic system, especially the sympathetic system, at the cellular and molecular levels is severely limited. Here we show topological representations of individual visceral organs i...