Gut Health - Science topic

Both prebiotics and probiotics play important roles in nutrition, but they serve different functions within the digestive system.

Thank you for expressing your interest in our project. However, I regret to inform you that all the chapters have already been finalized and are currently in the final stages. We appreciate your interest and thank you once again.

Studying advanced lipoxidation end products (ALEs) and their impact on gut health is an interesting and emerging area of research. While there may not be a single standard model for studying ALEs and their effects on gut health, there are several established experimental models that can be used to investigate these topics. I can provide you with a few commonly used models for both in vitro and in vivo studies.

In Vitro Models:

In Vivo Models:

"Wherever your body hurts your soul is there" used to say our older generations. Which seems to be quite correct since animals have interconnecting blood vessels and neurons covering almost all body.

Thank you for highlighting this interesting topic about the effect of the gut microbiome on human and animal health as well as on drug metabolism.This topic is gaining more attractiveness for researchers, and some researchs and studies have begun to delve into this area, for example Researchers at Princeton University have developed a systematic approach for evaluating how the microbial community in intestines can chemically transform, or metabolize, oral medications in ways that impact their safety and efficacy.

Can gut microbiome alter drug safety and efficacy? Princeton researchers catalog the intestinal microbial community's impact on oral medications -- ScienceDaily

And

Drug–gut microbiota interactions: implications for neuropharmacology

Simon N Young thank you for your response.

1. Yes, they cannot cross the BBB but kynurenine and tryptophan can. Trp can be converted by microglia and astrocytes using IDO to kynurenine. From thereon, they can be metabolized into these acids. Is this not a mechanism which kynurenine metabolites exert negative effects on the brain?

2. Thank you for this. I , too, am more familiar with the low serotonin associated with depression. I just asked about high serotonin and IBS because it conflicts this explanation. Perhaps inflammation and other factors caused by IBS influence increased depression incidence found in patients.

And yes, MDD is indeed multifactorial. I am interested in how gut microbiota possibly exert influence in the etiology of depression via Trp metabolism.

Dear Peter Griepink ,

Follow the home based exercise program. Focus on deep breathing exercises and brisk walk to increase the cardiac endurance.

Good nutritional diet, hygiene with positive thinking will definitely help to change the metabolism and improve the immune system to combat covid-19.

Polyphenols are produced by plants to protect themselves from UV and reactive oxygen species. Polyphenols on health has often been explained by their anti-oxidant properties.Those large and complex polyphenols are not digested by our own enzymes and proceed to the colon where they can be broken down into smaller active metabolites by bacteria, making them easier to absorb in gut.

Mechanisms of action of dietary polyphenols varies in Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria due to changes in cell membrane structure. Polyphenols have ability to bind bacterial cell membranes in a concentration dependent manner, therefore altering functional aspects of membrane and thus preventing their growth.

Polyphenols have prebiotic-like effect by promoting the growth of certain bacteria such as Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides and Lactobacillus.

Polyphenols do not just raise the quantity of good bacteria but also inhibit the proliferation of many pathogens. For example, polyphenols from tea and wine canprevent the growth of Helicobacter pylori and polyphenols extracted from olive oil can prevent damage caused by the bacteria.

Polyphenols can also directly mediate inflammation by interacting and blocking TLR4, thus reducing the production of inflammatory mediators like IL-1b, IL-6 and TNFa.

Please see this useful RG link.

Glycine prevent colitis by inhibiting induction of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. It is postulated that glycine may be useful for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases as an immunomodulating nutrient.

Thanks Bill, am interested in natural management of histamine excess not medication. In my experience all medication masks symptoms while creating a raft of new issues. 

Hi Deb!

Thanks for your response, - I believe the scientific community is becoming convinced of the numerous chronic health issues related to the dis-functional micro-biome, and I agree that our failure to treat the root cause has led us down the wrong path and resulted in much suffering.

I would hope that there might be a re-perception of the intestinal tract, so it would be looked at in comparison to the outer skin - the G.I. tract is actually the "other" outside of the body, - simply "closed off" for short periods of time.  I remember when H. Pylori was named as a possible cause of stomach ulcers, - at which time many doctors commented it was impossible for bacteria to survive the stomach acid...  

A drop of nuero-toxin ( pure nicotine ) on the skin will kill.  Does it not seem reasonable that trace amounts of bacterial produced nuero-toxin might have chronic/fatal effects on the organism also?

A bad micro-biome may influence arthritis, IBS, MS, Crohn's, ALS, and numerous nutritional issues.  The following article in reference to treating appendicitis with antibiotics presents an interesting concept - antibiotics soon enough may be all that is needed.....

The appendix as a reservoir for good bacterial replenishment after food poisoning makes total sense, - could the appendix also serve to retain pathogenic bacteria - making recovery/treatment much more difficult than need be, constantly re-seeding with the bad bacteria?....  That would be nice to know.

Firstly, there is no single method that will isolate all bacteria from such a sample. Many of the bacteria in question may be obligate anaerobes, while others may be strictly aerobic. Secondly, to identify all bacteria is a different question from identifying culturable bacteria. The gut microbiome is complex and still not completely understood. I suggest collaborating with someone who is an expert in gut microbial ecology - there are many out there.

In breast-fed infants bifidobacteria is predominant, counts of Escherichia coli is low, and other bacteria is rarely present. Infants receiving Iron fortified cow-milk preparation have high counts of Escherichia coli, counts and isolation frequency of bifidobacteria  are low and other bacteria are frequently isolated. In those on unfortified cow-milk preparation isolation frequency of Escherichia coli, bifidobacteria and bacteroides is comparable with that in breast-fed infants; however, counts of Escherichia coli is high.

Hi

I am not an expert in poultry science but I have worked with MOS on fish. There are a lot of publications that incorporate MOS in poultry production but there is no easy answer. There are many MOS suppliers and each of them has an inclusion rate to suggest for each product. Additionally, should keep in mind the functionality and the interactions with the probiotics of your premix as Seyed mentioned. Good luck

may be serum iron

The best way to answer the question is to do a longitudinal study with healthy newborn for say 1 year and do microbiome analysis of collected stool taken every 1 month.

If you are comparing gut microbiome of normal nourished and undernourished infants, you have to calculate the sample size based on the means and SD values of the bacteria of your interest, from some published study or from your preliminary work. For this, you have to have mean and SD values of both the groups. If not, atleast mean and SD of one group, with which, based on your hypothesis, the expected difference in means will help you in deriving your sample size. Using the mean and SD you can calculate the sample size using different kinds of soft ware (gpower, R, PASS)

Cedric:

Our group studies a probiotic strain of Enterococcus faecalis (CECT7121), but has not studied this aspect yet. Nevertheless, it has been studied with other probiotics and there are commercial combinations of probiotics+antibiotics (http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/763157).

Goo luck!