Grid - Science method

ಪಶ್ಚಿಮಘಟ್ಟಗಳ ಭೌಗೋಳಿಕಪ್ರದೇಶ ನಿರ್ಧಾರ ಬೆಂಬಲ ತಾಣ (ಪಶ್ಚಿಮಘಟ್ಟಗಳಲ್ಲಿನ ಪರಿಸರ ಸೂಕ್ಷ್ಮ ವಲಯಗಳು) Western Ghats Spatial Decision Support System (Ecologically Sensitive Regions in the Western Ghats) Web: https://wgbis.ces.iisc.ac.in/sdss/wgsdss/index.php (designed and developed as part of LiFE – LIFESTYLE FOR ENVIROINMENT) ಪ್ರಮುಖಾಂಶಗಳು • ಪಾರಿಸಾರಿಕ-ಸೂಕ್ಷ್ಮತೆಯ ಆ...

The mismatch between production and consumption and concern for providing the energy needed in the power grid has always been one of the problems of grid operators. Also, large-scale electricity production has always been a costly and polluting industry. Therefore, engineers and power generation companies have always been looking for a cheap and cl...

This Special Issue, "Energy Management and Control System of Electric Vehicles," focuses on innovations to enhance the performance, efficiency, and sustainability of electric vehicles (EVs). As global concerns about fossil fuel dependence and carbon emissions rise, EV adoption is crucial for cleaner transportation. Key topics include advanced energ...

Efficient and accurate seismic wave simulations are important for waveform inversion and strong ground motion simulation in regions with complex surface topography. The finite-difference method (FDM) is widely used for these simulations due to its simplicity and high efficiency. High-order FDM mitigates dispersion and dissipation errors through hig...

Highlights: Graphical/Tabular Abstract  Investigation of the effects of renewable energy sources on stability  Analyzes in terms of three types of stability  Importance of total system inertia constant In the world, fossil fuels decreases and the greenhouse gas effect increases while energy demand continuously increases. This situation causes mo...

An irreversible k-threshold conversion process on a graph = (,) is an iterative process that studies the spread of a one way change (from state 0 to 1) on (). The process begins by choosing a set 0 ⊆. For each step (= 1,2, … ,), is obtained from −1 by adjoining all vertices that have at least k neighbors in −1. We call 0 the seed set of the k-thres...

Bayesian updating plays an important role in reducing epistemic uncertainty and making more reliable predictions of the structural failure probability. In this context, it should be noted that the posterior failure probability conditional on the updated uncertain parameters becomes a random variable itself. Hence, characterizing the statistical pro...

This article presents a state-of-the-art review of machine learning (ML) methods and applications used in smart grids to predict and optimise energy management. The article discusses the challenges facing smart grids, and how ML can help address them, using a new taxonomy to categorise ML models by method and domain. It describes the different ML t...

The 1.5-layer space frame is an innovative bar-linked structure comprising a single layer of chords, web members , and diagonal members, offering significant potential for advanced design applications. This research investigates the buckling features of 1.5-layer space frames using diverse assembly methods, such as crossing-units and triple-connect...

Extreme precipitation poses a significant threat to crop production, often underestimated by process-based models. State-of-the-art models also struggle with high-resolution spatial applications due to process complexity. Here, we developed a Knowledge-Guided Machine Learning (KGML) framework that integrates machine learning with a waterlogging-ena...

Islanding detection is a critical issue in grid‐connected distributed microgrid systems. Distributed generation in the current power system has caused many challenges. Consequently, detecting quick and effective islanding is the most critical issue to minimise equipment failure, avoid danger, and maintain grid safety. There are various techniques f...

A derivation of discrete dynamical equations for the dry atmosphere in the absence of dissipative processes based on the least action (i.e. Hamilton's) principle is presented. This approach can be considered the finite-element method applied to the calculation and minimization of the action. The algorithm possesses the following characteristic feat...

Lithium-ion batteries have a great potential in stationary energy storage, both for first- and second life, but the understanding and tools to evaluate cell degradation needs to be improved. In this study, the degradation of batteries subjected to three types of stationary services, as well as the repurposing of cells from more demanding to a milde...

We use snow course and airborne gamma data available over North America to compare the validation of gridded snow water equivalent (SWE) products when evaluated with one reference dataset versus the other. We assess product performance across both non-mountainous and mountainous regions, determining the sensitivity of relative product rankings and...

Purpose. This work proposes a new method to assess the performance of radiographic anti-scatter grids (ASGs) without the use of a narrow primary beam, which is difficult to achieve. Method. Three general purpose ASGs were evaluated, two marketed ASGs and a low frequency and high ratio prototype ASG with molybdenum lamellae. A range of high scatter...

Optimizing hyperparameters is a crucial step in training machine learning models. Hyperparameters have a significant impact on the performance of a model, and finding the optimal combination can be a challenging task. This paper provides an overview of techniques and best practices for optimizing hyperparameters in machine learning models. We discu...

Nowadays, multi-energy systems play an important role in satisfying the ever-increasing demand for different energy resources. At the same time, the sustainable development of such systems is usually based on the structural and parametric optimization (synthesis) of their infrastructures. There is a large spectrum of specialized optimization tools...

With large number of hyperscale data centers being built at a rapid rate, developing better models that capture the dynamic behavior of these electrical loads has become critical. This paper specifically explores the effects of fault ride-through behaviors exhibited by individual large loads, such as data centers, under diverse loading conditions o...

Power electronics converters plays vital role in modern world. Integration of renewable energy sources through grid required a suitable inverter. This paper presented a 13-level for standalone application. The main demerits of convention two-level inverters are not suitable high-power applications, the inverter generate square wave, required high r...

There is increasing interest in chemicals which are persistent, mobile and toxic (PMT), primarily to protect drinking water. We present a tiered assessment of drinking water exposure and associated human health risks for 22 PMT substances. Worst-case exposure via drinking water is assumed to occur when wastewater is discharged to rivers which are t...

Extreme precipitation can lead to major flooding, impacting human health and safety. Thus, reliable projections of population and GDP exposure to future extreme precipitation are imperative. Here, we quantify future precipitation characteristics from robust emergent constraint relationships between historical and future monthly precipitation extrem...

The increase of renewable energy sources and non-linear loads on the utility grid introduces challenges in maintaining the nominal conditions of the utility grid. A viable approach to addressing some of these challenges is to utilize renewable energy conversion systems that accomplish supplementary functions in addition to supplying active power. T...

Using half-hourly rainfall data from 14 automated weather stations over central Africa, rainfall events [≥0.1 mm (30 min)−1] characteristics are explored. A total of 10 096 wet events (WEs) were identified and classified into six storm types (STs), mostly discretized by their duration and intensity. ST 1 is very short (<1.5 h) with low rainfall int...

Halin proved that every graph with an end $\omega$ containing infinitely many pairwise disjoint rays admits a subdivision of the infinite quarter-grid as a subgraph where all rays from that subgraph belong to $\omega$. We will prove a corresponding statement for digraphs, that is, we will prove that every digraph that has an end with infinitely man...

Implicit time‐stepping for advection is applied locally in space and time where Courant numbers are large, but standard explicit time‐stepping is used for the remaining solution which is typically the majority. This adaptively implicit advection scheme facilitates efficient and robust integrations with long time‐steps while having negligible impact...

Aiming at the current problems that different defects in linear scan PCB have scale differences and some defects have high similarity with the background, which are difficult to localize and classify, an expanded receptive field PCB defect detection algorithm is proposed to be applied to the defect detection of linear scan circuit boards. The expan...

The global push towards sustainable energy usage and the increasing adoption of renewable energy sources, such as solar power, requires innovative approaches to energy management, particularly in energy-intensive sectors such as education. This study proposes a change in school start time from 7 a.m. to 9 a.m. to align operational hours with period...

Breast cancer is a global concern as a leading cause of death for women. Early and precise diagnosis can be vital in handling the disease efficiently. Breast cancer subtyping based on estrogen receptor (ER) status is crucial for determining prognosis and treatment. This study uses metabolomics data from plasma samples to detect metabolite biomarker...

The resilience of electric power grids is threatened by natural hazards. Climate‐related hazards are becoming more frequent and intense due to climate change. Statistical analyses clearly demonstrate a rise in the number of incidents (power failures) and their consequences in recent years. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to understand and qua...

Many current gridded surface meteorological datasets are inadequate for quantifying near-surface spatiotemporal variability because they do not fully represent the impacts of land surface heterogeneity. Of note, explicit representation of the spatial structure and magnitude of local urban warming are usually lacking. Here we enhance the representat...

The Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) is a leading technology in modern wind farms due to its ability to operate efficiently under variable wind conditions and ensure seamless integration with the grid. This paper presents a detailed study of the DFIG system, discussing its operational principles, control strategies, and performance optimizatio...

A novel model called PyIRI was recently developed. It constructs the ionospheric electron density for the entire day and on the entire global grid in one computation, which has a very low computational overhead. PyIRI introduced a novel approach to the computation of the global and diurnal functions and their matrix multiplication with Consultative...

The optimal integration of Photovoltaic (PV) systems into an electric grid is dependent upon the total output power of the PV system. To optimize the output power of a PV system, the modules must be positioned at an optimal tilt angle (OTA) to maximize the absorption of solar radiations. This research focused on a mathematical model to optimize inc...

The degrees of freedom of Active Flux are cell averages and point values along the cell boundaries. These latter are shared between neighbouring cells, which gives rise to a globally continuous reconstruction. The semi-discrete Active Flux method uses its degrees of freedom to obtain Finite Difference approximations to the spatial derivatives which...

A novel fast direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation method of wideband Linear Frequency Modulated (LFM) signals without grid mismatch is proposed. Leveraging the aggregation traits inherent in wideband LFM signals within the Fractional Fourier (FRF) domain, the received model of LFM signals with time-invariant steering vector is drived. To counter t...

There have been several studies conducted on the economic viability of home battery systems paired with rooftop solar PV systems over the years; however, there have been far fewer studies looking into the economic viability of standalone home battery systems, which is the main area assessed in this study. Rather than being used to store excess sola...

In this study, we have designed freeform mirrors capable of transforming uniform irradiance distribution into complicated irradiance distribution. The design methodology incorporates two key algorithms: Poisson-based grid optimization and a discrete cosine transform (DCT). The grids on the target plane were optimized using Poisson-based grid optimi...

Irrigation and surface characteristics are important for managing professional turf-grass pitches. This study evaluated irrigation depth, volumetric water content (VWC), penetration resistance (PR), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) on a Mirage bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) stadium football pitch in Lima, Peru, in 2019. The pitch,...

As global energy demand continues to rise and renewable energy sources develop rapidly, the operational efficiency and stability of power systems have emerged as primary challenges in energy management. Line loss within these systems is a critical factor for both energy efficiency and economic performance. This study leverages an electric energy da...

The evaluation of imaging blur degradation characteristics of high-magnification optical microscopes is greatly influenced by complex imaging mechanisms, image textures, and illumination, which seriously limit the observation precision at the micro-nano scale. This paper proposes a method for simultaneous reconstruction of the depth and clear image...

Model predictive control can achieve significant energy savings, offer grid flexibility, and mitigate carbon emissions. However, the challenge of identifying individual control-oriented building dynamic models limits large-scale real-world applications. To address this issue, this study proposed a Modularized Neural Network Incorporating Physical P...

The proposed 3D stitching of spatially constrained Common Midpoint (CMP) 1D inversions is a method that integrates 1D laterally constrained inversion of marine Controlled-Source Electromagnetic (CSEM) data in the CMP domain to generate a cube of resistivities from 3D surveys. An interpretive model is built in the form of a set of columns of homogen...

In this study, the influence of various turbulence-grid configurations is analysed on both the induced free-stream turbulence (FST) and the resulting Klebanoff modes/streaks developing in a laminar flat-plate boundary layer downstream in a laminar water channel. All results are based on hot-film and particle image velocimetry measurements as well a...

The writer conducted the research to improve students’ writing mastery on irregular verbs through the dice and grid game.The research is Qualitatif and Quantitatif research. This research (1) To know the improvement of students’ writing mastery on irregular verbs after using the dice and grid game. (2) To find out how far the dice and grid game imp...

Transient stability assessment (TSA) plays an important role in ensuring the reliable operation of power systems. With the popularity of phasor measurement units (PMUs), data‐driven TSA methods have been widely concerned. However, the performance of TSA model may deteriorate when data loss occurs due to PMU failure. This paper proposes an adaptive...

Ensemble variational data assimilation relies on ensembles of forecasts to estimate the background error covariance matrix B. The ensemble can be provided by an Ensemble of Data Assimilations (EDA), which runs independent perturbed data assimilation and forecast steps. The accuracy of the ensemble estimator of B is strongly limited by the small ens...

The need to ‘rethink’ the concept of Distribution, both at the planning and operational levels, arises from the emergence of the Distributed Generation paradigm, mostly installed in LV networks. The existing arrangements for the management, protection and control of distribution networks are typically inadequate for this ever-increasing presence of...

Lightweight image super-resolution (SR) methods aim at increasing the resolution and restoring the details of an image using a lightweight neural network. However, current lightweight SR methods still suffer from inferior performance and unpleasant details. Our analysis reveals that these methods are hindered by constrained feature diversity, which...

A high-order no-image point sharp interface immersed boundary method for compressible flow is presented. The method comprises a stable high-order compact scheme and a ghost point value determination method. By regulating dissipation, the stability of the compact scheme for either Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions is validated by the von Neum...

Synchronized variable frequency soft-switching is analyzed and implemented in a 3-phase bidirectional grid-tied inverter. The common-mode connected topology and control allow for independent analysis of a single phase leg before six are combined into two interleaved, 3-phase inverters. Effective operation is enabled by discretizing the variable swi...

To address the degradation of grid quality and charging efficiency associated with the large-scale integration of electric vehicles (EVs), a multi-stage balanced flexible load scheduling method is proposed. This approach is designed to facilitate peak shaving and valley filling, balance intermittent energy fluctuations, and provide auxiliary servic...

In the light of a future decarbonized power grid based primarily on non-dispatchable renewable energy sources, the operation of industrial plants should be decarbonized and flexible. An innovative, novel concept combining industrial plants with (i) a water electrolysis unit, (ii) a hydrogen storage unit and (iii) a fuel cell unit would enable seaso...

A conventional flag is placed downstream of the inverted half cylinder to study pressure over the flag's surface due to fluid-flexible body interaction between the flag and the vortices generated by the half cylinder. An immersed boundary method provides a reliable and fast solution to the fluid-structure interaction problems, albeit with limitatio...

Autonomous navigation guided by natural language instructions is essential for improving human-robot interaction and enabling complex operations in dynamic environments. While large language models (LLMs) are not inherently designed for planning, they can significantly enhance planning efficiency by providing guidance and informing constraints to e...

A power distribution company, along with any other company that consumes a significant amount of energy, has a substantial demand for dependable power to earn income and produce goods. According to the research findings, transformers are precious assets for businesses; hence, the maintenance and replacement of transformers are considered a luxuriou...

As renewable energy is increasingly integrated into our electricity supply, it becomes more challenging to ensure reliability and security due to the intermittent nature of these resources. With the electrification of buildings and technological advancements across various aspects of their operations, the building sector is expected to play a key r...

Data-driven techniques for analysis, modeling, and control of complex dynamical systems are on the uptake. Koopman theory provides the theoretical foundation for the extremely popular kernel extended dynamic mode decomposition (kEDMD). In this work we propose a novel kEDMD scheme to approximate nonlinear control systems accompanied by an in-depth e...

This article suggests a pooling categorical boosting (CatBoost) regression approach for yearly and seasonal models for aggregated short-term electricity demand prediction (STEDP). The approach was evaluated using full 4 years of aggregated electricity demand data. First, the seasonal behavior of the data is analyzed by visualization plots. The sugg...

Gardu induk memiliki peran vital dalam mendistribusikan energi listrik ke konsumen, dan keandalan operasionalnya menjadi krusial untuk memastikan kelancaran pasokan listrik. Untuk melindungi peralatan listrik dari lonjakan tegangan atau transien yang dapat merusaknya, penggunaan surge arrester pada gardu induk menjadi sangat penting. Dalam konteks...

The rapid growth of electrical energy demands raises the need for the modernization of distribution grids. Medium-voltage (MV) aged cables are infrastructures facing significant challenges that can compromise the security of supply and reduce the reliability of power grids. To address the challenges, there is a growing interest in optimizing cable...

Electrical energy storage devices (EES) play an important role in the development of portable electronic devices, power grids, and electric vehicles. Supercapacitors (SCs) become the focus of the EES field due to their high power density and high energy density. ZnCo2O4 ternary metal oxides show considerable potential as electrodes for SCs. In this...

Accurate demand forecasting has become increasingly necessary in the burgeoning field of free‐floating micro‐mobility systems. However, for model training, the service area must be divided into specific areal units, which often involves grid‐based methods. Although these methods are feasible and provide a uniform area division, they are highly susc...

The transformer, an essential component in the electric grid, plays a prominent role in transmitting electricity between circuits while adjusting voltage levels. Nevertheless, transformers oftentimes are confronted with issues like temperature elevation and excessive noise generation. Traditional transformer monitoring approaches are laborious and...