Green Building - Science topic

list sustainable material of green building structure?

The realization of sustainable development goals, the implementation of climate and environmental policies, the implementation of the green economy transformation process, etc. the goal of building a sustainable, emission-free, green closed-loop economy is, among other things, to rapidly reduce greenhouse gas emissions going into the atmosphere until the economy becomes emission-free, so that the planet's greenhouse effect process is effectively reduced and baby the progressive process of global warming slows down. However, since the key negative effects of the progressive process of global warming include increasingly severe droughts, higher and higher temperatures during summer heat waves, acceleration of soil aridity, more frequent forest fires but also sometimes unusual weather anomalies, violent storms with torrential downpours causing flooding and sometimes problematic floods, so the implementation of the process of green transformation of the economy becomes a key element in the systemic protection of the biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems as well. In recent years, new ICT and Industry 4.0/5.0, including Internet of Things technologies, cloud computing, multi-criteria simulation models, digital twins, smart technologies, Big Data Analytics, Business Intelligence analytical and reporting systems, machine learning, deep learning, generative artificial intelligence, are being applied in improving techniques for monitoring the state of the planet's natural ecosystems and developing techniques for protecting the biodiversity of natural ecosystems.

I have described the key issues concerning the problem of green transformation of the economy in the following article:

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT AS A KEY ELEMENT OF THE PRO-ECOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE ECONOMY TOWARDS GREEN ECONOMY AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY

I invite you to discuss this important topic for the future of the planet's biosphere and climate.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Within the framework of green investments, including pro-climate, pro-environmental and pro-social projects that increase safety and living conditions for residents of urban agglomerations within the framework of urban plans for adaptation to climate change, i.e. primarily to the progressive process of global warming can implement various measures, within which the creation of additional parks, including large parks and pocket parks, floral meadows, lawns and other green areas, rainwater harvesting ponds, rainwater catchment systems used for watering urban greenery and clearing drainage systems to discharge excess rainwater into rivers, building wastewater treatment plants to purify water in rivers and restore biodivers' natural ecosystems, etc. stand out.

In order to increase the scale of implementation of pro-climate, pro-environmental and pro-social projects to increase the safety and living conditions of urban agglomeration residents, financial support is necessary, which can come from various sources in the framework of external financing. On the one hand, it can be green external financing provided on commercial or semi-commercial terms by financial institutions, including commercial banks and investment funds. On the other hand, it can also be financing under grants from the state's public finance system, grants to cities from the central state budget, or from the public finance system of the local government budget. Financing of municipal pro-climate, pro-environmental and pro-social investments can also be provided through philanthropy implemented by commercially operating companies and enterprises in a particular municipality, city. Besides, the municipality can reconstruct its financial budget on both the revenue and expenditure side with a view to increasing the scale of implementation of pro-climate, pro-environmental and pro-social projects that increase the safety and living conditions of residents of the urban agglomeration.

I am conducting research on this issue. I have included the conclusions of my research in the following article:

I invite you to get acquainted with the issues described in the publications given above and to scientific cooperation in these issues.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

As the level of pro-climate and pro-environmental awareness of citizens increases, so does the number of companies and enterprises that portray themselves in advertising campaigns as business entities pursuing specific sustainable development goals, in line with the trends of green transformation of the economy. To a large extent, these issues are highly correlated with each other and act in feedbacks to each other. On the one hand, the growing level of pro-climate and pro-environmental awareness of citizens motivates business entities to add to their missions and development strategies the issue of achieving sustainable development goals, undertaking business ventures that are part of the green transformation of the economy. On the other hand, in a situation where more and more companies, enterprises, financial and public institutions are presenting themselves as green business entities presenting in various brand promotion activities and advertising campaigns informing about the company's product and/or service offerings also descriptions and characteristics of green business ventures, presenting the business entity's implementation of certain sustainable development goals and green investment projects undertaken, where they develop their own energy sources based on renewable and emission-free energy sources, building wastewater treatment plants so as not to generate waste that pollutes the environment, developing and improving waste segregation and recycling techniques, carrying out economic projects involving environmental reclamation and restoration in post-industrially degraded areas, reforestation of industrially exploited areas and implementation of other green economic activities that are part of the processes of green transformation of the economy. however, as an institutional system for assessing the level of “greenness” of the aforementioned activities presented as realizing the goals of sustainable development and/or being part of pro-climate, pro-environmental, pro-ecological economic ventures has still not been built, so a significant number of business entities are overemphasizing the issue of presenting themselves in the framework of company brand promotion campaigns as green entities implementing ventures that are part of the green transformation of the economy. In recent years, there has been a strong increase in the number of companies, enterprises and financial institutions that portray themselves as green economic entities pursuing certain goals, including pro-environmental and pro-climate sustainability goals, while the scale of real activities in this regard is negligible or almost nonexistent. In addition, the introduction of mandatory expanded, non-financial ESG reporting motivates business entities to pursue green business ventures, which are often not green in reality. This is because a system of verification of the level of “greenness” of companies and enterprises, the level of factually inconsistent portrayal in the media and advertising campaigns carried out by business entities as green, pursuing sustainable development goals, respecting norms and standards for the protection of the climate, biosphere and environment, has still not been built to effectively systemically reduce the development of greenwashing, i.e. the so-called “eco-cheating”, eco-lying.

I am conducting research on this issue. I have included the conclusions of my research in the following article:

I invite you to discuss this important topic for the future of the planet's biosphere and climate.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In 2022, the scale of sales of heat pumps in Poland increased by approximately 100 per cent compared to the previous year. This was due to the energy crisis generated by the slowing down of the development of renewable and emission-free energy sources by the PIS party currently in power over the past eight years and the promotion of energy development based mainly on burning combustible fuels, mainly coal and lignite. As a result, three quarters of Poland's electricity generation and even more of its heat generation is still based on burning coal. As a result, when the price of fossil fuels rose sharply between 2021 and 2022, the cost of living for many citizens increased by several tens of percent. The solution to the problem of rising heating and energy costs was to install heat pumps powered by electricity from photovoltaic panels installed on the roof or next to the house, or other renewable energy sources. However, these other alternative renewable and emission-free energy sources are few and far between due to energy policy. In order to increase the energy savings of their homes, many citizens would like to insulate their homes by renovating and adding insulation to the facades of their buildings. It is estimated that over 4 million residential homes in Poland lack thermal insulation. However, this is unfortunately not possible due to the overly limited financial programmes of non-refundable subsidies with which such investment projects could be financed. Many citizens, despite the fact that they would like, for example, to power heat pumps with electricity from a wind turbine, a windmill erected close to their home, have not had this opportunity because in 2016 the PIS government blocked the development of wind energy in Poland by passing the so-called 10h Law. Similarly, in April 2022, a change in the regulation of billing for photovoltaic panels installed on the roof or next to a residential house by citizens prosumers of their own electricity made these installations unprofitable and the number of new installations of this kind fell by three quarters. When the development of wind power in Poland was blocked in 2016, coal imports increased strongly. In addition, nuclear power and other fully renewable energy sources were not developed. The result is a low level of independence and energy security for the country. Besides, the result is one of the lowest air quality and high levels of smog in cities during the heating season in international rankings. Unfortunately, despite the existence of new renewable energy technologies whose application on a larger scale could solve the above problems, the scale of development of governmental and self-governmental programmes of financial subsidies and support from the European Union is still too small. And it is too small because Poland has not met the so-called milestones set by the European Commission and is the only country in the EU which has not received financial subsidies under the National Reconstruction Programme. One of these milestones is the issue of unblocking the onshore wind energy development previously blocked in 2016. Currently, i.e. in Q1. 2023, a law is being processed to unblock this issue. However, the still ruling PIS party, as part of its support for the development of coal-fired power generation and its support for government-controlled, monopolistically operating energy and fuel companies of the state treasury, included in the aforementioned law provisions that in practice limit the development of onshore wind energy (a minimum distance of 700 m between a windmill and the nearest buildings) so that only a few per cent of the country's area can be covered by these windmills. This means that a small proportion of willing citizens will benefit from this, and it will benefit mainly and also to a limited extent the government-controlled, monopolistically operating energy state companies. Thus the circle of this travesty of energy, climate and environmental pseudo-politics is closing. In view of the above, technological solutions that could solve the above problems are already available, but the national pseudo-politics of energy, climate and environment causes that the development of renewable and emission-free sources of energy, improvement of energy security, reduction of the scale of the energy crisis, improvement of air quality in cities is still being slowed down, the goals of sustainable development are being ignored by the PIS government, and the green transformation of the economy, achieving zero-emission of the economy, building a sustainable economy in accordance with counteracting the progressive process of global warming is progressing much slower than it could be.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

Please answer with reasons,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

An important attribute of a modern agglomeration developed in accordance with the green smart city model is also the consideration of low greenhouse gas emissions, minimization of energy and resource consumption, minimization of the agglomeration's negative impact on the environment, on the surrounding biosphere and climate. Accordingly, agglomerations developed according to the green smart city should also become increasingly low-emission, energy-intensive and more neutral to the planet's biosphere and climate.

Urban development taking place according to the green smart city concept should also take into account the sustainable economic development of the urban agglomeration, which takes into account the principles of green economic transformation, the circular economy, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and maximizing the issue of self-sufficiency in energy and food production. In terms of achieving energy self-sufficiency, the development of renewable and emission-free energy sources can be helpful. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions can be achieved not only through the development of renewable and zero-emission energy sources, but also by insulating the facades of existing buildings to reduce energy intensity, and through the development of means of transportation within the framework of public urban transportation, taking into account electromobility and hydrogen-powered transportation. On the other hand, achieving self-sufficiency in food production can be helped by vertical vegetable and fruit crops created in abandoned office buildings and factory halls, as well as in new multi-story buildings created specifically for this purpose.

In addition to this, an important issue in achieving zero-carbon cities is to take into account the carbon footprint of not only the built housing blocks, office buildings, market halls, shopping centers, factory halls, public administration and public service buildings, etc., but also the greenhouse gas emissions emitted during the construction of the said housing developments, buildings, office buildings, halls, etc. As a result, there will probably be more than once issues to be resolved regarding the choice of less-emitting options, in which one will have to choose either to revitalize, insulate the exterior façade, install photovoltaic panels, etc. on existing buildings, or rather to demolish them and build new ones in their place, in which more modern construction, energy and material technologies, etc. will be used, ensuring greater durability, lower emissions and energy efficiency or even zero-energy efficiency of the new buildings.

In order to reduce the negative impact of urban agglomeration on the biosphere, it is essential to build wastewater treatment plants for rivers leaving the cities, and to establish water purification systems for ponds, lakes and other water bodies located in the city area or its suburbs. In order to reduce emissions, improve air quality, increase humidity and reduce air temperature, it is essential to create additional urban parks and other green areas. In the situation of limited space that can be allocated for the creation of additional green areas, urban parks, flower meadows, etc., an optional solution is the creation of many so-called pocket parks, i.e. parks and other green areas occupying small areas, which were created after removing parts of previously too extensive created concrete sidewalks, asphalt roadways, paved with concrete cubes squares, etc.

In view of the above, sustainable, modern urban agglomerations developed according to the green smart city model with the application of Industry 4.0 technologies, including Big Data and artificial intelligence technologies, should also be developed in accordance with the concept of sustainable economic development, the principles of green economy transformation, circular economy, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, development of urban parks and other green areas, self-sufficiency in energy and food production, environmental and climate social responsibility, etc.

Key aspects of the negative effects of the progressive process of global warming and the associated necessary acceleration of the processes of green transformation of the economy in order to decarbonize the economy, slow down the process of global warming, protect the climate, biosphere and biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems I described in the article:

I described the applications of Big Data technologies in sentiment analysis, business analytics and risk management in my co-authored article:

I described the key issues of opportunities and threats to the development of artificial intelligence technology in my article below:

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In the country where I operate usually before local elections in many cities, local government officials, as part of their election campaigns, recall the residents of the municipality, analyze the needs and demands raised by residents, local activists and local independent media. What they consider to be more frequent in the aforementioned demands they choose as banners for the ongoing election campaign, put on advertising banners, in promotional videos aired in various media, and, in the form of articles, place in controlled local government magazines or published by NGOs and associations specially established for the elections. Recently, before the local elections, a rapturous number of local government officials are now talking about the need to create urban pocket parks, while just a few years ago the so-called concretosis was developed on a large scale in many cities. Of course, it's a good trend that in many cities local government officials have finally now noticed the demands that have been made for years by many residents and by researchers that have been made for at least a dozen years. In a situation where, due to previously improper land use, incorrectly implemented zoning plans in many cities in the past, green areas have been eliminated in order to create a concrete plaza or widen the asphalt surfaces of parking lots, sidewalks and so on. green areas in many cities have been significantly reduced and in some cities have been completely eliminated altogether, and as a result, the quality of life in cities has deteriorated significantly in many respects, and there is no possibility of creating large urban parks, then the creation of urban pocket parks although to a small extent, but nevertheless will help urban residents by improving the conditions of existence, living, functioning, etc. in a certain urban agglomeration. Even through the establishment of urban pocket parks, the number of trees, shrubs, flower meadows and lawns in cities can be significantly increased, which will translate into a decrease in the temperature near them during the summer heat. In addition, the humidity of the air will also increase, which is also important during the summer heat. Placing benches in the areas of urban pocket parks will also increase the number of places where residents can relax. Near the creation of urban pocket parks, children's playgrounds and physical exercise facilities, so-called gyms and outdoor climbing walls can be established, thanks to which the number of places for recuperation and active rest from the urban hustle and bustle and after work offered to residents will increase. Established flower meadows will help protect pollinating insects, whose numbers of individuals in populations of bees and other pollinating insects have been declining rapidly over the past few decades. For this purpose, it is worth putting up houses for insects but also for birds in urban pocket parks and other parks being created. In larger urban parks it is also worth creating water reservoirs, ponds which can also significantly improve the natural qualities of the park, can increase the biodiversity of flora and fauna found in the park and improve the issue of microclimate and also increase the natural, aesthetic, etc. attractiveness of a specific park from the point of view of residents. In view of the above, the creation of urban pocket parks also fits perfectly into the realization of the pro-environmental, pro-climate and pro-social goals of sustainable development, can be an important part of the green transformation of the economy, and can be an important element of urban development in accordance with the concept of sustainable, green, smart cities.

Key aspects of the negative effects of the ongoing process of global warming and the associated necessary acceleration of the processes of green transformation of the economy in order to decarbonize the economy, slow down the process of global warming, protect the climate, biosphere and biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems I described in the article:

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

During the Covid-19 pandemic, due to the decline in the economic activity of companies and enterprises in many sectors of the economy, there were opportunities to accelerate the processes of green transformation of the economy, to implement the principles of sustainable economic development, to direct the development of the economy towards the green circular economy model, to achieve the goals of sustainable development, to increase the scale of pro-environmental policies, pro-environmental, pro-climate policy and thus reduce greenhouse gas emissions, reduce the level of environmental pollution, and in the situation of continuation of these processes in the coming years, it is also to increase the scale of the possibility of implementing the scenario of slowing down the progressive process of global warming, to give humanity more time to prepare for the possible subsequent negative effects of progressive climate change, the developing climate crisis. Some countries have taken advantage of these opportunities, but unfortunately only in some countries.

These issues are presented in the article:

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Industry 4.0/5.0 technologies are increasingly being used to manage the organization of modern urban agglomerations developed operating according to the green smart city model. Since artificial intelligence technology has been developing particularly rapidly recently, and numerous new applications of this technology are emerging in various sectors of the economy, so also the opportunities for applying AI technologies to improve the systems of automated management of the organization of modern urban agglomerations are increasing. Besides, the combination of Big Data Analytics, Data Science, Internet of Things, multi-criteria simulation models, digital twins, cloud computing with artificial intelligence technology and other ICT technologies makes it possible to significantly increase the efficiency of operation and improvement of systems of automated management of the organization of modern urban agglomerations.

Smart home technologies and smart city technologies are developing on the basis of new ICT information technologies and Industry 4.0/Industry 5.0. Developed commercial applications of smart home technologies allow remote management and automation of the use processes of certain devices controlling power and generating energy for home use, energy storage and conservation, etc. Such applications are perfectly in line with the development of renewable and zero-carbon energy applications, which are installed in the home to increase the scope of energy self-sufficiency. In such a situation, it is necessary to develop systemic solutions and infrastructure for the collection of surplus energy produced by prosumer citizens. In this regard, a computerized system for managing individual household appliances based on smart home technology can fit perfectly into the current trend of pro-environmental transformation of the economy. Smart technologies based on artificial intelligence or machine learning technology, using cloud computing and the Internet of Things, allow the integration of various household appliances, including household electronics and appliances equipped with microprocessors and smart software. In this way, individual household appliances can be integrated into a central, integrated management system based on smart home technology. This kind of central integrated management system based on smart home technology can be controlled from, for example, a smartphone, a smart tv remote control, a smart watch equipped with the necessary software. With this kind of central integrated management system based on smart home technology, further devices such as home robots can be "modularly" connected, which can be very helpful for the elderly. On the other hand, the development of computerized management systems for individual household appliances based on smart home technology is also determined by the issue of improving cyber security systems and cyber security risk management. This issue is particularly relevant when a central, integrated system for remote management of individual household appliances is connected to the Internet.

In a smart city, on the one hand, many of the city's functions are carried out through automated and centrally managed information systems using new Industry 4.0/Industry 5.0 technologies. On the other hand, citizens of a smart city have the opportunity to use many of the city's information services currently offered mainly through websites and smartphone apps. Where defined certain categories of information appear on the smartphone according to the citizen's location and are automatically added to the calendar, etc. Particularly relevant information applications include systems that alert citizens to unusual weather phenomena, climatic disasters, locally growing pandemic threats, etc. Smart urban information systems can also cooperate with autonomous vehicle systems.

The issues of energy efficiency in buildings, eco-technology and eco-innovative building materials providing high levels of energy efficiency, sustainable construction, green smart city, etc. are some of the important elements for carrying out a pro-environmental transformation of the economy to build a sustainable, green, zero-carbon zero-growth and closed-loop economy. I am conducting research in the problematic of the key determinants of smoothly carrying out the pro-environmental transformation of the classic growth, brown, linear economy of excess to a sustainable, green, zero-carbon zero growth economy and closed loop economy. In view of the above, the issue of green, sustainable construction is one of the key elements for carrying out the pro-environmental transformation of the economy and the development of urban agglomeration developed in the green smart city model. More and more research institutes are working to develop new green technologies and eco-innovations that will make it more efficient and faster to carry out the green transformation of the economy, including the green transformation of the economy. For example, laboratories at research institutes are working on new innovative types of photovoltaic panels. For example, new types of photovoltaic panels are being developed that look like window glass but are also photovoltaic panels. In a situation where these kinds of photovoltaic panels that look like windowpanes are properly refined technologically and come on the market then they could revolutionize the building of energy self-sufficient green smart cities. Such innovative solutions of photovoltaic panel technology could be very useful in buildings that are built or planned to be built in modern sustainable green smart cities.

I described the key issues of opportunities and threats to the development of artificial intelligence technology in my article below:

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

How can artificial intelligence technology improve the organizational management process of modern urban agglomerations developed operating according to the green smart city model?

How can artificial intelligence improve the operation of green smart city management systems?

What do you think on this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Sustainable construction, which involves the use of environmentally and climate-friendly and highly energy-efficient or zero-energy building materials, is one of several key segments of the ongoing green economy transformation process to build a zero-carbon, sustainable, green circular economy. In recent years, many examples of construction have been appearing, confirming the thesis that the new sustainable construction is, among other things, a return to the old, first construction techniques based on the use of natural building materials such as wood, straw and clay. In view of the above, the return to the old first construction technologies, such as the use of straw, wood, waste paper, lumber waste, in addition to sand, rock and clay in sustainable construction is therefore an important element of the green sustainable closed loop economy.

In terms of sustainable construction materials, among other things, partially processed raw materials of natural origin such as particle board and prefabricated building insulation products made from straw, waste paper, lumber waste, etc. are also used. In addition, clay is used to produce clay plaster, which can be an excellent substitute for traditional plaster.

The level of fire resistance of such building materials is also an important issue. When straw is compressed, combined with other materials and used as an insulating material it has a flammability class of S i.e. comparable to Styrofoam. In contrast, slabs, materials made from compressed straw when covered by other materials with a much lower flammability rating then the building can be highly resistant to fires. This kind of sustainable construction has been growing rapidly in some countries in recent years. In France, for example, there are already more than 10,000 buildings insulated with prefabricated products made from straw.

I am conducting research on this issue. I have included the conclusions of my research in the following article:

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think on this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Local government units carry out local or regional socio-economic policies. The said local or regional socio-economic policy plays an important role in the context of the government and central institutions of state power conducting socio-economic policies implemented on a national scale. Local authorities have opportunities to implement new development concepts, which are an important factor in activating local economic development, including the development of companies and enterprises operating in the region and their level of innovation, the development of cooperation with other local operating institutions. In addition, the local government has the opportunity to take into account the needs of the local community so that socio-economic, as well as cultural, environmental, climate policy, etc. can be more fully implemented to meet the expectations of citizens. As a result, local governments can also be pioneering entities, innovators implementing into locally or regionally implemented socio-economic policies also new environmental and climate policy goals, including the goals of sustainable development, the goals of green transformation of the economy, etc., which are extremely important for citizens currently living in the municipalities and future generations of citizens. As a result, these pro-environmental, pro-climate and therefore viable pro-social goals are finally being implemented in some local government units in Poland. For example, the concept of urban development, which has been developing since the beginning of the country's systemic and economic transformation, but also earlier, since the time of real socialism functioning until 1989, carried out within the framework of the so-called "betonosis", is being replaced by a pro-environmental and pro-climate strategy for the development of green areas in cities, areas of urban parks, the development of urban flower meadows and so on. But unfortunately, still this pro-climate, pro-environmental, pro-ecological and thus realistically pro-social trend is developing too slowly and too little in relation to needs.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

And what is your opinion about it?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In the 21st century, the dominant model of economic development in many countries will be based on a combination of the concept of a social market economy with the realization of the goals of sustainable development and a smoothly carried out green transformation of the economy. There is still much room for improvement on many issues, both at the level of economic policy taking into account the realization of the goals of sustainable development and the process of green transformation of the economy, i.e. at the macroeconomic scale, as well as in the effective operation of economic entities that implement green economic ventures and are socially, climatically and environmentally responsible, i.e. at the microeconomic scale. Many issues at the aforementioned various levels of research are still to be improved in order to increase the efficiency and accelerate the implementation of the process of green transformation of the economy and activate economic entities, including companies, enterprises, financial institutions and also public institutions to undertake green investments, implement the principles of sustainable development, the principles of green closed-loop economics, increase social climate and environmental responsibility, switch manufacturing processes to generate less greenhouse gas emissions and environmental pollution, etc. The new green technologies and eco-innovations being created can increase the possibilities and improve the efficiency of the aforementioned processes of green transformation of the economy. With the aforementioned new green technologies and eco-innovations, there may also be increased opportunities to combine the concept of a social market economy with commercially operating private companies and enterprises, public institutions and the government pursuing certain social and economic policies with the realization of the goals of sustainable development and efficient green transformation of the economy.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

And what is your opinion on this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Today, there are already opportunities to develop urban green areas as part of the green transformation of the economy, to turn large areas of concrete and asphalt into urban parks, to implement new ICT and Industry 4.0/5.0 information technologies into computerized urban agglomeration management systems and thus transform current cities into modern agglomerations developing according to the green smart city model. Developing urban green areas generates many positive effects for the residents of an urban agglomeration, including both humans and animals living in urban parks. The issue of developing urban green areas has increased in importance due to the occurrence of increasingly frequent and severe periods of drought and heat during the summer season. The replacement of areas covered with concrete or asphalt with green areas results in a significant drop in air temperature and increased humidity, which is especially important during the summer heat. In many cities in recent years, the levels of maximum air temperatures have steadily increased from year to year. During such periods, the scale of citizens' use of cooling equipment has strongly increased, resulting in a large increase in demand for electricity. In addition, during periods of drought, some citizens used tap water to water their home lawns. This caused a decline in the city's drinking water reserves. As a result, some cities are implementing restrictions on the use of water from municipal water supplies. The bans mainly concern the use of water from municipal water supplies for watering lawns, washing cars and filling swimming pools. Besides, the development of urban green areas promotes the population of pollinating insects, including honey bees, whose numbers are rapidly declining due to the excessive and improper use by farmers of pesticides and other chemical pesticides, the use of which poisons, wiping out bees and other pollinating insects. Besides, increasing urban green areas improves air quality, which is often still polluted by emissions from the process of burning fossil fuels, burning motor fuels in motor vehicles, production processes carried out in industrial plants located near urban agglomerations. Increased areas of urban parks also allow city residents to spend their leisure time in conditions similar to the natural environment, and are a place for convalescence, rest, physical and sports activities, etc. In addition, flower gardens, ponds, botanical gardens and zoos can be created in city parks, which are additional assets for improving urban living conditions, and also can serve children and young people as important elements for supporting nature, ecology, environment, climate education, etc. On the other hand, the implementation of new ICT and Industry 4.0/5.0 information technologies into computerized urban agglomeration management systems, combined with the application of the goals of sustainable development and green transformation, makes it possible to transform cities into modern agglomerations developing in accordance with the green smart city model.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

And what is your opinion on this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

The essence of sustainability derives from the study of sustainable, human-interference-free, biodiverse natural ecosystems of specific natural environments, which contain a wealth of species of flora, fauna and micro-organisms linked by many different ecological relationships. The ideas of sustainability are applied in developing the characteristics of sustainability in various aspects of human activity, the development of civilisation, various aspects of the economy, etc. The importance of the role of sustainability and its application in the context of economic development is growing in direct proportion to the scale of the increase in the negative effects of the development of human civilisation, which include the increasing scale of environmental pollution, the increasing scale of deforestation, the increasing scale of betonosis i.e. These include the increasing scale of environmental pollution, growing scale of deforestation, increasing scale of betonosis, i.e. urbanised areas and shrinking green areas in cities, growing emissions of greenhouse gases, accelerating greenhouse effect, accelerating global warming, growing scale of soil depletion, forest fires, weather anomalies and climatic and natural disasters, decline of biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems, etc. The aim is to reverse these negative processes, which have a negative impact on the environment. In order to reverse these negative processes and save as much of the planet's threatened biosphere as possible, it is necessary to carry out a green transformation of the economy on a multifaceted scale. In this respect, a system of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has been defined within the framework of cyclical UN conferences on this issue and the global problems of climate change, which should be implemented on as large a scale as possible in order to reduce the scale of action and negative effects of unsustainable, intensive, rapid economic development within the framework of a predatory brown economy based on high scale exploitation of natural resources, including non-renewable natural resources, energy production mainly based on dirty fossil fuel combustion energy, increasing scale of environmental pollution, increasing scale of greenhouse gas emissions, negligible scale of secondary raw material use and recycling, accelerating global warming, rapid degradation of the biosphere, decline of biodiversity, etc. One of the key aspects of achieving a green transformation of the economy is to build a zero-carbon economy based on sustainable, zero-carbon, green energy, i.e. the development of renewable and zero-carbon energy sources. This is essential and should be realised in 100% by the end of this decade of the 2030s at the latest if the main strategic goal of international environmental and climate policy is to be met, i.e. to halt the global average global atmospheric temp. increase of max. 1.5 degrees C since the beginning of the first industrial revolution. This goal was defined and established for implementation at the UN conference on this issue, i.e. during the so-called Paris Agreement of 2015. Of course, the green transformation of the economy is a much more multifaceted process, in which all sectors and branches of the economy, many fields of human activity, many aspects of the development of civilisation, the ongoing development of energy, industry, agriculture, technological progress, etc. should be involved in practice. The green transformation of the economy should take place within the framework of a pro-environmental and pro-climate transformation of the classic growth, brown, linear economy of excess to a sustainable, green, zero-emission growth and closed loop economy, in which the implementation of the goals of sustainable development and increasing the scale of sustainability at the level of development of civilisation in relation to the surrounding environment should be strategically important objectives.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

And what is your opinion on this?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In my opinion, YES. But there are important specific determinants that should be met. Well, yes, you should invest in companies that implement sustainable development goals and carry out a green transformation of their business. Yes, if a company has good development prospects, reliably pursues certain goals, is well managed, follows business ethics, takes seriously not only the consumers of its product and service offerings but also other citizens, does not ignore the principles of corporate social responsibility, etc., then of course it will find many interested investors who will invest in this company. And if, in addition, this company promotes the idea of a green, sustainable, zero-emission, closed-loop economy, realistically contributes and participates in the process of efficiently carried out green transformation of the economy, realizes the goals of sustainable development, is environmentally and climatically responsible, does not emit pollutants and greenhouse gases into the environment, does not practice greenwashing, financially supports pro-environmental and pro-climate social campaigns and pro-climate NGOs that promote scaling up protection of the biosphere, biodiversity and climate are additional assets to invest in such a company. Especially if there are startups operating in this way then they should be subsidized by sustainable investment funds specially created for this purpose that provide funding, grants in green finance. Such companies may need financial support in the first years of green business through external financing from the green grant system from commercially operating investment funds and/or from the state's public finance system. However, in the long term, such business entities that promote the idea of a closed-loop economy, pursue sustainable development goals, act in a socially and environmentally responsible manner, implement and develop green technologies and eco-innovations, and carry out a green transformation of their business should also function fully commercially and should generate profits that will allow them to continue their operations and development in the years to come.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Do you think that there should be international collaboration for joint research? If yes, Let's do a great research venture.

In many countries, before the entire energy sector is based on renewable energy sources, hydrogen and/or natural gas-based energy, which is several times less carbon-intensive than coal, lignite and, in some countries, fuel oil, i.e. derivatives of oil refining, are being developed as an interim step in addition to fully clean, emission-free, climate-neutral renewable energy sources. Because of the nuclear power plant accidents that occurred at Chernobyl, Fukushima, etc., some countries decided to decommission their nuclear power plants. Opinions are divided on this issue, as current nuclear energy technologies are much safer than those used in the plants that previously failed. In addition, the energy produced by nuclear power plants is emission-free compared to emissions from, for example, gas combustion. Over the next few decades, these nuclear and gas-based intermediate steps will be replaced by emission-free, fully climate-neutral and more energy-efficient energy based on green hydrogen and nuclear fusion. The production of so-called green hydrogen will be realised using electricity generated from renewable energy sources. However, the greatest challenges in terms of carrying out a green transformation of the energy sector are to be met in countries such as Poland, which still has a technologically backward, archaic system of energy generation based 3/4 on burning hard coal and lignite. This kind of situation of energy development backwardness is the result of deliberately slowing down the development of renewable and emission-free energy in the last 3 decades, and especially in the last 8 years, i.e. the period in which the PIS government in coalition with other political options supporting this government mainly supported the development of dirty combustion energy, increased the import of fossil fuels, slowed down the development of wind energy in 2016, slowed down the development of biofuel-based energy, and from April 2022 limited the development of solar energy. This is very strange in view of the European Union's strategic environmental and climate policy, indicating the need to carry out a green energy transition as quickly as possible, of which Poland is, after all, a part and benefits from financial subsidies from the European Union for the development of renewable energy sources. At present, in the context of the prospect of a global climate catastrophe, accelerating global warming and a still high level of greenhouse gas emissions, energy generation based mainly on the combustion of fossil fuels is being described as archaic, technologically and mentally outdated, incompatible with achieving the objectives of sustainable development, incompatible with pro-environmental and climate policy, generates poor air quality, is socially unethical and so on. The paradox is that in recent years, the development of renewable and zero-emission energy has been accelerated in many countries, while in Poland this development has been deliberately slowed down by the government. In many countries, in the context of the overall energy mix, renewable energy is already the dominant source of energy vis-à-vis combustion energy sources. In some countries, such as Scandinavia, over 90% of energy is already generated from renewable sources. Furthermore, not only in Europe, but also on other continents, including Africa, there are already countries where the majority of energy is produced from renewable sources. Some countries, such as Canada for example, have planned to fully phase out coal-based power generation by 2030 at the latest, whereas in Poland, despite the existing climatic, technological and financial possibilities, etc., the PIS government has planned to continue coal-based power generation until the middle of the 21st century, ignoring the results of scientific research concerning forecasts of a continuation of the increasingly rapid process of global warming and an increase in the scale of climatic disasters that will occur in the coming decades. Since it is not, therefore, a genuinely pro-environmental and pro-climate energy and economic policy, neither is it a pro-social policy of the PIS government in Poland. On the other hand, technological progress in the field of green technologies and energy eco-innovations is continually being made. New generation photovoltaic technologies and other renewable and emission-free energy solutions are becoming cheaper every year. Mini-power plants, backyard mini-generators producing energy from the sun, wind and, under favourable geographical and geological conditions, also from water and geothermal energy, are becoming increasingly available. However, in a situation where the return to government-controlled large state-owned energy companies, and the pursuit of an economic policy reminiscent of centralised, post-communist models of economic management, ignores the prosumer potential for the development of zero-emission mini power plants by citizens who could develop clean energy much more effectively and efficiently, the whole process of green transformation of the energy sector is proceeding much more slowly than it could. Returning to the issue of the successful development of renewable and zero-emission energy sources in many countries, the question arises as to what path towards climate neutrality in the energy sector has been successfully pursued in countries where the majority of energy is already produced from clean, zero-emission energy, and what path towards climate neutrality in the energy sector should be pursued in countries where a significant proportion of electricity and/or heat is still produced from dirty combustion energy? Arguably, many different factors, regional geographic, geological, climatic, environmental, civilisational, economic, social, etc. considerations need to be taken into account in order to define the right path towards climate neutrality of the energy sector in each country.

To the above, it should be added that on 18 April 2023, in order to accelerate the process of pro-environmental, pro-climate, green transformation of the economy, including the acceleration of the process of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, slowing down the processes of global warming, the European Parliament voted on the key legal acts of the Fit For 55 package. The European Parliament adopted the reform of the EU system of trading in greenhouse gas emission allowances, the introduction of the CBAM mechanism and the creation of the Social Climate Fund. The PIS government in Poland is constantly criticising the climate and environmental policy of the European Union, contrary to the expectations of the citizens and with some vague political aims in mind in the controlled meanstream media in Poland. Thanks to the technological advances that have already been made in green energy technologies and eco-innovation, electricity generation from renewable and emission-free energy sources is already the cheapest, much cheaper than energy generation from the dirty energy of burning fossil fuels.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Warm regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

The construction and housing sectors are cyclical sectors, i.e. the economic situation in these sectors, including the level of investment, is usually strongly correlated with the economic situation in the economy as a whole. When central banks raise interest rates, loans on offer from commercial banks become more expensive, including investment loans taken out with banks by developers building housing estates and mortgages with which citizens buy property. In view of the fact that in many countries bank loans have been increasing in price for several months or more, so the scale of new investments in the construction sector has declined strongly. On the other hand, when the economy is in crisis, many sectors are in decline then unemployment rises, incomes, consumption and investment fall. In view of the above, the activation of the construction of houses and flats within the framework of housing policy, which is an important segment of socio-economic policy, can also be an important factor in the anti-crisis measures of the government during the economic downturn. In such a situation, the activation of investment processes for the construction of houses and housing estates can be an important factor in limiting the scale of the development of an economic downturn and economic crisis. Efficient stimulation of the housing construction market within the framework of housing policy, which is an important segment of counter-cyclical, anti-crisis, Keynsian, developmental, investment-oriented socio-economic policy, can be one of the key determinants of a significant increase in the economy's resilience to economic crises. Periods of economic decline occur every few years as part of business cycles and large, trans-national financial and economic crises occur every dozen or more years. In addition to such crises, the scale of a kind of new crisis is growing, which will also influence the development of economic processes in the future. The development of technology, civilisation, consumption of raw materials in manufacturing processes, the level of environmental pollution, deforestation, the extinction of many species of flora and fauna, the decline in the biodiversity of natural ecosystems, greenhouse gas emissions, etc., have all significantly accelerated since the mid-20th century. The result of the increase in civilisational greenhouse gas emissions since the mid-20th century is an accelerating process of global warming, the increasing scale of the negative effects of this process year after year, and the growing risk and scale of a global climate-ecological catastrophe, which may already occur at the end of this 21st century. Therefore, economic policy should be transformed into a green transformation policy for the economy and, within the framework of a Keynsian, development-oriented, investment-oriented, green socio-economic policy, one of the key segments of which would be the activation of green transformation investments in the construction sector and the development of sustainable low-energy, zero-energy and low-carbon construction. The green transformation process in the building sector on the one hand on carrying out thermal modernisation of existing buildings and replacing heat and electricity sources with renewable and zero-carbon energy sources. On the other hand, the development of sustainable low-energy, zero-energy and low-carbon buildings is based on the construction of new houses, housing estates, industrial buildings, public institutions, office buildings and others, taking into account the application of new green building technologies, energy efficiency standards, supply of energy exclusively from renewable and emission-free energy sources and adherence to the principles of closed-loop economics.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

And what is your opinion on this?

What do you think about this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In recent years, various forms of green finance, green financing within the framework of the development of green banking, green investment funds supporting the implementation of green economic ventures, playing an important role in the process of green transformation of the economy, are being developed.Nowadays, in financial institutions, commercial banks and investment funds, which add to their missions the issue of achieving the goals of sustainable development, protection of the climate and the planetary biosphere, considerations arise on how the structure of green financing for the implementation of green economic ventures should be formulated. On the other hand, public institutions involved in the implementation of certain climate and environmental policies are also trying to find a common denominator between the issue of selecting the type of green economic projects to be financed and the issue of selecting a certain green financing formula, i.e. the structure of the type of financial instruments, including green public finance, green credit, green corporate finance involved in supporting the implementation processes of pro-environmental and pro-climate economic projects. In view of the above, on the one hand, many companies, enterprises, financial and public institutions make decisions concerning the selection of specific currently applied forms of green financing for pro-environmental, pro-climate and sustainable business projects. On the other hand, a growing number of economic entities and institutions are considering both the issue of various types of green business projects, green investments and the choice of forms of green financing within the framework of financing carried out by commercially operating companies and enterprises, as well as green financing within the framework of non-refundable grants or loans granted on preferential terms from the system of public finances of the state and granted within the framework of programmes implemented within the scope of the developed environmental and pro-climate policy. The key determinants of the choice of forms of green financing for the implementation of green economic ventures, including, inter alia, new green investments, economic ventures implemented for the development of renewable and emission-free energy sources, to accelerate the process of green transformation of the energy sector, to counteract the progressive process of global warming and to reduce the scale of the global climate catastrophe are primarily the issue of financing costs and the availability of financial resources also in the form of non-refundable financial grants and coming from various sources, including from the system of public finances of the state within the framework of the developed environmental policy. The non-refundable grants offered to citizens as part of green financing can play an important role in the scale of implementation of green economic ventures, including, inter alia, new green investments, economic ventures implemented to develop renewable and emission-free energy sources, to accelerate the process of green transformation of the energy sector, to counteract the progressive process of global warming.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the honourable scientific and research community:

What do you think?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Warm regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

The energy crisis of 2022, the climate crisis determined by the accelerating global warming process and the increasingly emerging smog in cities are the main determinants for the development of sustainable, zero-energy and zero-emission green building. In the perspective of a few decades, practically every investment that significantly improves the issue of energy efficiency and zero-emission should be included in the implementation of the green building transformation process. The basis for this kind of thesis, which plays a key role in climate, energy and environmental policy, is the pursuit of sustainable development goals, the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, combating the ongoing process of global warming, limiting the scale of biodiversity decline and other environmental policy objectives. Besides, among the important objectives for the implementation of the green transformation of the economy, including the green transformation of the building industry, is the reduction of consumption, i.e. the scale of fossil fuel combustion, and the conversion of energy sources supplying heat and electricity to buildings from sources based on dirty combustion energy to renewable and emission-free energy sources. In this way, the development of sustainable green buildings with a high level of energy savings, low energy consumption and low or zero carbon emissions could be one of several key factors not only in the context of building a green, sustainable, zero-carbon closed loop economy, but also in terms of energy independence and a high level of energy security, which could be important in the future if further energy crises were to reoccur. In addition to this, an additional positive effect of the green transformation carried out in the construction industry will also be an improvement in air quality. In the European Union, the building industry, including unsustainable, energy-intensive construction, generates 40 per cent of energy consumption and is responsible for 36 per cent of greenhouse gas emissions. The European Union is therefore planning to accelerate the process of the ongoing green transformation of the economy, including the green transformation of the construction industry. One important element of the green transformation of the building industry is the thermal modernisation of existing buildings, which makes it possible to reduce energy consumption, including fossil fuels, by at least half. Existing, in-service buildings should be energy retrofitted by insulating them, modernising building facades by adding additional layers of materials to prevent heat loss from buildings, and equipping them with new renewable and carbon-free energy sources. On the other hand, newly constructed residential, office, industrial and other facilities should be built using new green building technologies and eco-innovations in materials, energy and others so that they are characterised by a high level of energy efficiency and zero-carbon. In view of the above, over the next few years all buildings in the European Union are to be significantly improved in terms of thermal energy consumption and zero carbon buildings should be achieved as soon as possible.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about it?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Warm regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Given the ongoing climate change, including global warming, air pollution, limited areas of urban parks and other green spaces, gardens, flower meadows established on the roofs of buildings in cities can significantly increase the areas of urban green space. When urban green areas are significantly expanded, the biodiversity of natural ecosystems in cities can also increase significantly. In addition, additional green areas can have a positive impact on the air quality of cities. Air quality is not only a question of pollution levels, but also humidity levels and summer temperatures. Additional green spaces can play an important role in the rest and recuperation of residents, which can translate into improved health for people living in the city. Additional green areas, including gardens and flower meadows, also mean more foraging areas for insects, including pollinating insects, whose numbers are rapidly declining due to the over-chemicalisation of agriculture. Besides, additional green areas in cities can increase the level of sustainability in terms of sustainable development, green building and environmentally and climatically sustainable urban agglomerations.

In view of the above, I would like to address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What is your opinion on this topic?

Please reply,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In the context of the current energy crisis, there is a growing demand for the creation and industrial-scale implementation of new eco-innovations and green energy technologies that would help citizens and businesses survive the currently unfolding energy crisis. The current energy crisis is characterized by rapidly rising fuel and energy prices and the growing scale of energy shortages. Rising energy and fossil fuel prices are one of the key factors in the acceleration of inflation, which has already begun to rise almost as early as early 2021. In some countries, the government is offering subsidies for the purchase of more expensive fuels and energy. However, this creates another pro-inflationary factor. In view of the above, the creation and implementation of what kind of new eco-innovations and green energy technologies should be covered by interventionist government subsidy programs (purchase of certain types of power, energy sources, e.g. to install photovoltaic panels on the roof of the building, etc.) and subsidies (preparation of homes, buildings, businesses, e.g. insulation of building facades, etc.)?

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of researchers and scientists:

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Within the framework of social ecological entrepreneurship, citizens can, for example, run home vegetable and fruit gardens, flower gardens, flower meadows under the formula of sustainable organic farming. Besides, citizens within the framework of social ecological entrepreneurship can set up small-scale home electric and/or thermal power plants based on certain types of renewable and/or emission-free energy. Besides, conducted social clean-up campaigns in city parks and forests; donating used electronic equipment, consumer electronics, household appliances, etc. to electro-waste collection points; setting up associations and other organizations implementing periodic events, picnics, festivals, etc., aimed at pro-environmental and pro-climate education of citizens. From the bottom up, citizens' ventures in social ecological entrepreneurship can be an important part of the green transformation of the economy and the realization of sustainable development goals. Besides, local governments are also increasingly taking measures to support the activity of citizens within the framework of social ecological entrepreneurship. Projects implemented within the framework of the participatory budget (1 percent of the local government's budget) can be implemented projects proposed by residents, which can be part of the current trends of pro-environmental, pro-climate, green transformation of the economy, in the green transformation of the local government and/or municipal economy and the realization of sustainable development goals. The civic activity of municipal residents can also be carried out within the framework of social ecological entrepreneurship through activities implemented socially by citizens on the basis of an agreement with the local government. Many times, many small activities carried out by citizens within the framework of social ecological entrepreneurship can produce more positive effects than short-term, few larger projects carried out by large business entities.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of researchers and scientists:

And what is your opinion on this topic?

What do you think about this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In recent years, commercial banks have been providing financing in the form of loans for pro-environmental, pro-climate, green investment projects and/or for the development of sustainable economic activities. Such credit offerings by commercial banks are referred to as green loans. Since in recent years the issue of the climate crisis is becoming one of the key topics and influential factors vis-à-vis the future development of civilization, so the scale of pro-environmental and pro-climate awareness of citizens is growing. More and more companies and enterprises are adding to their missions and development strategies the issue of achieving certain sustainable development goals and implementing pro-environmental business ventures. More and more economic entities are complicit with their green business in the issue of carrying out a pro-environmental and pro-climate transformation of the classic growth, brown, linear economy of excess to a sustainable, green, zero-carbon zero-growth and closed-loop economy Commercial banks have been building and improving their credit risk management procedures for many years, in Poland since about the mid-1990s, including procedures for analyzing the creditworthiness of potential borrowers applying for a bank loan and analyzing the credit risk taken by the bank in the situation of granting a loan. However, the growing pro-environmental and pro-climate economic activities, green investments, green businesses, green finance, green credit is a relatively new issue in Poland. Pro-environmental and pro-climate business ventures have been developed in Poland for a short time and are still a small part of the overall economy. Pro-environmental and pro-climate transformation ventures in the energy sector, including primarily the development of renewable and emission-free energy sources, have been developing particularly slowly in Poland over the past few years. The policy of blocking the development of renewable and zero-emission energy sources and the small relative to the possibilities financial subsidies offered to citizens under government public assistance programs have led to a low scale of green energy transformation, a high share of dirty combustion energy in the energy source mix, a low level of energy security and a high scale of negative effects of the energy crisis in the country. As a result, commercial banks in recent years have begun to offer green loans, with the help of which borrowers implement pro-environmental, pro-climate, pro-environmental business ventures within the framework of their chosen new strategy and mission, according to which they conduct green business, pursue sustainable development goals and their business activities are characterized by pro-environmental corporate responsibility. In terms of banking credit risk management procedures, a particularly important issue is the measurement of risk, the analysis of individual impact factors, the probability of their occurrence, the scale of negative impact on the borrower's enterprise, the scale of impact on the finances of the business entity, etc. Considering the implementation of pro-environmental, pro-climate, green investment projects, banks should also take into account new risk categories related to the specifics of sustainability, pro-environmental, etc. of green business ventures and investment projects. When new green technologies and eco-innovations are applied to investment projects, new categories of operational and other risks emerge. Various categories of environmental risks may be taken into account and arising from the ongoing process of global warming and the various negative effects of climate change taking place, as well as increasing levels of environmental pollution, dwindling supplies of clean water, increasingly severe periods of drought, etc. Such new categories of risk in a situation of high levels may cause the bank to change its credit policy and no longer lend to certain types of business ventures. For example, in some countries, commercial banks avoid lending to tourist companies operating in the mountains, hotels, restaurants, companies operating ski lifts and ski slopes due to the falling scale of snowfall in the winter. On the other hand, the emergence of new risk categories can be an important factor in the changes made in the credit risk management process, including those relating to green lending activities.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of researchers and scientists:

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

I am looking forward to set objectives in green building for my projects, so can you suggest new challenges which you guys face while implementing in your work related to green building.

In the context of ongoing climate change, the ongoing process of global warming, environmental pollution, the health of people living in the city, urban parks and other green spaces have a very important role. Studies show that urban green areas also play an important role in the number of bees and other pollinating insects, in reducing the extinction of these insects that are important for agricultural crop production. Many bees and other pollinating insects die in agricultural fields where too many pesticides and other crop protection chemicals are used. Urban parks, urban gardens and other green areas play an important role in protecting the status of bee populations. Besides, green areas, urban parks significantly reduce the air temperature in summer during hot weather. This makes the air quality better, the temperature lower during hot weather, the air more humid and cleaner. Urban parks and gardens therefore play a key role in terms of shaping the biodiversity level of natural ecosystems of green areas in cities, in conurbations and also in large metropolitan areas. Unfortunately, in some cities, the trend of so-called concreting instead of afforestation still prevails. This has continued to be the case over the last decade or so in the country in which I operate. It is only recently that the local authorities of some cities have started to pay attention to these issues. In order to reduce the scale of the summer drought in cities, they began to reduce the scale and frequency of lawn mowing and in city parks. Flower meadows have finally been created instead of mowing lawns. Bird nesting boxes and insect houses began to be erected in city parks. In some cities, areas of concrete pavements that were too large began to be dismantled and green belts increased, etc. Finally, after many years of appeals to city authorities by ecologists, naturalists, biologists, but also citizens of many other professional specialisations, environmentally and climate-conscious city dwellers, something has started to happen in terms of protecting the biodiversity of natural ecosystems in urban green areas and also increasing green areas in cities and urban metropolises. Rainwater catchment systems are being set up in urban housing estates. Rainwater and/or water from sewage treatment plants is used to water urban lawns, flower meadows, urban parks and other green areas in cities. There is a return of moa to the establishment of home gardens, with residents creating flower gardens but also vegetable and fruit gardens. Nowadays, rising food prices and the developing energy and food crisis can reinforce these positive trends. In addition, more and more environmentally and climate-conscious city dwellers are cycling instead of using combustion cars. There are more and more positive developments. But these are only the beginnings of the above mentioned positive, pro-environmental and pro-climate changes.

In view of the above I address the following questions to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think?

What do you think about this topic?

Please reply,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Commercial banks, as part of their credit risk management, carry out, as part of their standard credit procedures, an examination of the potential borrower's creditworthiness or the potential borrower's business entity's creditworthiness and the credit risk it will accept when deciding whether to grant a loan. In view of this, and given the growing importance of green loans in commercial banks' loan offers, I address the following questions to the esteemed community of researchers and academics:

Do commercial banks granting green loans take into account potential, prospective, future, negative effects of climate change, including the effects of the progressive process of global warming, which will affect the credited pro-environmental economic undertakings to a certain extent and in a certain character, in their credit risk management process prior to the possible granting of a loan?

How is green credit risk measured, analysed, controlled? On what assumptions are the green credit procedures based? Is the credit risk management process different from the green credit risk management process carried out in commercial banks providing green loans?

If the state provides guarantees and/or subsidies for green loans, does the level of green credit risk decrease significantly since such public financial support makes these loans more accessible?

What is your opinion on this?

What is your opinion on this topic?

Please reply,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Warm regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

It is already known that energy prices will rise due to the energy crisis. It is not yet known to what extent energy prices will increase. The question of this increase is determined by a number of factors.

On the one hand, there are objective factors such as changes in the price level of energy commodities on commodity exchanges. On the other hand, it is determined by the long-term national energy policy pursued to date (e.g. types of energy sources, development of renewable energy sources, diversification of energy sources and energy security) and by current social policy (subsidies and grants for citizens with the lowest incomes). A lot of data supports the thesis that the development of renewable energy and the abolition of dirty combustion energy monopolies are key ways of solving the energy crisis.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of researchers and scientists:

Please reply,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In the context of the current energy crisis, rising property prices in conurbations and the climate crisis which is also developing in the long term, the following question is becoming increasingly topical:

What is your opinion on this topic?

Please reply,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Warm regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In the past, energy crises have initiated significant changes in the economy. For example, the commodity crisis (fossil fuel raw materials) of the 1970s resulted in changes in car manufacturing by replacing existing internal combustion engines with more fuel-efficient versions. At that time, the first media reports about climate change, the greenhouse effect, the progressive process of global warming and the crucial role of a civilisation based on classic, brown, combustion, unsustainable economics in this issue were deliberately ignored in the world of politics and business. Today, the level of society-wide pro-environmental awareness among citizens is already much higher. Much more airtime and publishing space is devoted to green economics and sustainability issues in various media. As a result, the current and future climate crises will perhaps become another motivating factor for accelerating the development of renewable and carbon-free energy sources.

What do you think about this?

What do you think about this topic?

Please reply,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

What eco-innovations of sustainable tourism should be developed so that tourism does not generate environmental pollution, so that tourism does not cause damage to the sites visited and so that tourism does not generate greenhouse gas emissions?

How should environmentally neautral, pro-environmental, sustainable tourism be developed?

What are the new eco-innovations that can be implemented into sustainable tourism?

What is your opinion on this?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please reply,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

How can an energy independent home be built?

How can a zero-energy (energy-neutral) house be built?

How can a zero-emission and energy- and climate-neutral house be built?

What combination of energy efficient building technologies and renewable energy sources should be used to build a fully energy independent home?

What are the key priors for sustainable, environmentally friendly construction?

Various solutions are being used in the construction industry to reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. New building materials are being used, as well as insulation materials for facades to reduce heat loss. Various renewable and emission-free energy sources are used (windmills, photovoltaic panels, others). Thermal (in winter) and/or cooling (during hot weather) energy-generating devices based on heat pumps, air conditioners, etc. are used.

What are currently known to be the most convenient, sustainable, energy-efficient and cost-effective combinations of applied energy-efficient building technologies and various, especially renewable/zero-emission energy sources in fully energy-independent houses?

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please reply,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Thank you,

Greetings,

Dariusz

Do you agree with me that we need to take care of green building and sustainable development in light of climate changes?

Post everything you know about ferrock and ferrock concrete

An intelligent planning of rooms based on Passive Solar design could effectively mitigate energy consumption and also promort the comfort. Anyways, what are the different methods used in the construction industry to implement passive solar design in rooms? Any scientific theories? Any case studies?

Please click on the link: https://forms.gle/LYfTgvYSHoGvbj6c7 Dear Construction professionals and experts, Please take 5 mins to complete my survey, I deeply appreciate your help in participating in this questionnaire. I'm M Shravan a final year postgraduate student pursuing Mtech in Construction Technology Management from KLU. I am currently conducting a questionnaire survey for my Final Year Project on GBP's.

Unfortunately, more and more results of climatologists' research confirm the thesis that human civilization activity is the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions and a progressive global warming process. Because the human development of civilization is the main source of the progressing and probably accelerating global warming process, the man should reform processes of development of the energy sector and other industries so as to significantly reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and various aspects of environmental pollution in the coming years.

Because it is not easy to introduce such taxes due to the strong lobbying of large corporations, it may be a better solution to introduce regulations that require enterprises to switch to renewable energy sources and use biodegradable raw materials instead of, for example, very slowly degradable plastics. The development of this type of solutions could be activated also through the system of specific tax concessions or subsidies for investment expenditures from the state budget fudnsh. In this way, pro-environmental state interventionism would be developed. This type of process has already begun in the European Union. For example, at the end of 2018, regulations were introduced banning the use of plastic in the packaging of various products within the European Union and as cutlery in restaurants from 2022. However, this is just the beginning of the process, which should be developed on a much larger scale within the framework of pro-environmental state intervention.

Do you agree with my opinion on this matter?

In view of the above, I am asking you the following question:

Please reply

I invite you to the discussion

Thank you very much

Best wishes

I have prepared 6 manuscripts related to green roof substrates, 4 of them consist of experimental studies and 2 literature reviews. I have previously submitted some articles for 8 journals. But unfortunately I am continuously getting rejected due to "inappropriate content" for the corresponding journal. Meanwhile, some of the journals have facilitated me article transfer options and still I am getting rejected by those transferred journals with same reason of "inappropriate". I don't want to let my works in vain. Can anybody suggest me some suitable journals with high acceptance rate and have subscription options for publications?

It would be a tremendous help.

If we take the Mediterranean, its not one distinct climate it varies greatly from east to west and north to south. The north is more temperate-like with rainfall more dispersed throughout the year while the south drier with more heavy rainy spells. This surely would have an impact on the way green roofs perform .

Hi,

While each of the 4 main criteria can include many sub-criteria, this question is about how companies in real-world projects set boundaries between them in their documentations (submittals and reports). For example, the training of project people criterion is it reported in the cost, or the quality, or the sustainability. Are there any references for these boundaries? With my very limited experience, I think tools like BREEAM and ISO are not clear enough for me as an academic student to help setting up such boundaries.

Please, can you indicate if your answer is based on project experience in this field?

Thank you very much beforehand.

Hello all

Can anyone help me answer this?

Should the exterior surface temperature of the building wall be lower/higher than the ambient temperature on a summer day??

Hello,

I am wondering about the possibility of exporting data from SimaPro to GaBi and back again. Does the database used in SimaPro have to be the same as what's available in GaBi??

Thanks in advance!

I'm currently do research about study case on green building project, assessing the implementation of green construction ( model I use scoring the construction stage only). Is there any research or journal that do the same thing? I'm gonna use it as my literature review and I'm seeking journal/research that state the final score of green construction can be the factor success of green building (without design and operational maintain phase). thank you.

It's a related topic to green building efficiency .

If you have any sources related to this topic , your can drop it here and your help would be greatly appreciated.

From current research there are numerous positive aspects for using a prefabricated construction system for building design, such as quality control, costs, sustainability and minimal onsite construction work. What are some of the positive aspects in relation to architectural design, detail, innovation and individuality?

I am pursuing m.tech in renewable energy, in point of 2nd-year project I have to choose one topic. Please guide me in job prospect and future study. My 1st priority is the job in reputed company.