Great Britain - Science topic

Kapranov, O. (2024).Climate change disclosures by the Bank of England: A Framing analysis. LANGUAGE: Codification, Competence, Communication, 1(11), 7-22. DOI: 10.2478/lccc-2024-0007 The Bank of England (further – the Bank) is one of the leading actors in the financial sector both in the United Kingdom and worldwide. The Bank is known for publishi...

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has led to major changes in everyone’s lives, including adolescents. Given that adolescence is a crucial developmental stage, designing strategies to alleviate the impact of the COVID-19 on adolescents is critical. Furthermore, there is a growing literature on the relationship between how adolescents spend their tim...

In this article, we discuss Ye et al 's recent article on the association between age at diabetes diagnosis and subsequent risk of age-related ocular diseases. The study, which utilized United Kingdom Biobank data, highlighted a strong link between early diabetes onset and major eye conditions, such as cataracts, glaucoma, age-related macular degen...

During the fourth quarter of 2024 Latvia’s security along with that of Europe has become increasingly frail. The incoming Trump administration’s positions on European and wider security, NATO, economic protectionism (tariffs) and possible territorial ambitions are not yet clear. The weakness of the French and German governments together with a shak...

When deciding whether to support a military operation, do citizens in democracies weigh whether soldiers themselves support the operation? Recent research has concluded that, in the United States, public support for military operations rests in part on people’s beliefs that soldiers favor their own deployment. However, it is not known whether this...

This study aimed to explore the knowledge and attitudes of livestock farmers from the United Kingdom regarding agroforestry planning and management issues. The farmers (n = 48) answered an online survey with demographic, open, closed and Likert scale questions. Almost half of the participants said they need more information to successfully plan and...

Background This study investigated and compared the impact of financial toxicity (FT) on the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and financial well‐being of cancer patients and survivors in the United Kingdom (UK) and United States (US). Methods UK & US participants (n = 600) completed an online questionnaire that consisted of a validated FT in...

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is defined by an array of symptoms that make it challenging to understand the condition at a population level. Subtyping offers a way to unpick this phenotypic diversity for improved disorder characterisation. We aimed to identify depression subtypes longitudinally using the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology: Se...

Introduction: Worryingly, burnout is becoming increasingly common among the doctor cohort across the United Kingdom (UK) according to the General Medical Council (GMC), which has also seen an increasing desire to leave the UK profession. The main aims of this study were to: 1) determine the prevalence of burnout among doctors; 2) investigate the as...

In recent years, we have seen social movement-based calls for social justice and decolonisation in universities around the world. Some of these have been in response to specific events such as the murder of George Floyd in 2020, while others are rooted in longer standing social movements such as Rhodes Must Fall. These movements have served as cata...

Background Mothers of children with intellectual disabilities are more likely to show elevated psychological distress, with child behavioural and emotional problems being a significant risk factor. Family Resilience Theory suggests that family relationships are crucial in influencing adaptation to stressors. We investigated whether family functioni...

Background There is an urgent need to better understand the factors that predict mental wellbeing in vocationally active adults during globally turbulent times. Aim To explore the relationship between psychological detachment from work (postulated as a key recovery activity from work) in the first national COVID-19 lockdown with health, wellbeing,...

We collect novel data in the public service domain to evaluate the capability of the state-of-the-art automatic speech recognition (ASR) models in capturing regional differences in accents in the United Kingdom (UK), specifically focusing on two accents from Scotland with distinct dialects. This study addresses real-world problems where biased ASR...

The 1943 Tour of Eight West African editors to London formed a major event in World War II United Kingdom–West Africa relations. The tour is often understood in terms of the symbolic importance of Azikiwe's landmark Memorandum on the Atlantic Charter. This article argues that we should reappraise our understandings of the tour and pay closer attent...

This study examines the impact of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, which began on February 24, 2022, on natural gas prices and supply security in major global markets. Six months after the conflict's onset, natural gas prices surged by an average of 78.65% across international markets. Notably, prices in the European Union, Russia, the United Kingdom,...

Domestic violence and abuse (DVA) is a global problem that affects approximately one in four women in their lifetime. An area of unexplored research is how women use a range of strategies to honor resistance, manage the risk, avoid abuse, and cope with the pain of DVA. Art-based methodology and interpretative phenomenological analysis approaches we...

Brain glymphatic activity, as indicated by diffusion-tensor imaging analysis along the perivascular space (ALPS) index, is involved in developmental neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, but its genetic architecture is poorly understood. Here, we identified 17 unique genome-wide significant loci and 161 candidate genes linked to the ALPS...

This chapter posits that the contemporary moral panics about Critical Race Theory (CRT) in schools, characteristic of American politics, have relevance to Britain. British Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) Kemi Badenoch’s recent declaration that CRT is political and should be treated as such is one way to understand, (a) CRT’s relevance in Bri...

This paper explores a unique mechanism of international labor value transfers: unproductive-sector trade. We develop a model incorporating unproductive sectors and use data from the World Input-Output Database (2000-2014) to estimate these transfers. Analyzing trade patterns and value transfers for 16 countries, we find a growing importance of unpr...

Artificial intelligence (AI) is an increasingly notable presence in society, industries, and organizations, making its necessity felt more in managerial decisions and practices. This paper aims to outline the importance of the topic related to the increase in the adaptability, agility, and resilience of the management system as a result of AI integ...

Preventing recurrence of venous leg ulcers can be achieved through strongest tolerated compression and endo‐venous ablation surgery, but it is not clear how often this is done in practice. This study explores (1) nurses' awareness of strongest tolerated compression and endo‐venous ablation surgery as prophylactic treatments for venous leg ulcer, (2...

Geographical names are, above all, the words that are a unit of language vocabulary. Just as every word follows the grammatical rules of the language, so does it apply to geographical names. They are collected in the dictionary under the name of special names. It should be noted that the toponyms that form part of the dictionary, despite being spec...

Background The psychological impact of surviving an admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) with COVID-19 is uncertain. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in ICU survivors treated for COVID-19 infection, and identify risk factors for psychological distr...

Background: This study aims to evaluate the repeatability of the Pentacam HR, comparing two different measurement modes (50-cornea fine and 25-3D scan) in patients affected by keratoconus. Methods: Multicenter retrospective study, conducted at Eye Clinic of the ASST-Spedali Civili-University of Brescia, Italy, and St. Paul’s Eye Unit, Royal Liverpo...

The COVID-19 pandemic exposed a global deficiency of systematic, data-driven guidance to identify high-risk individuals. Here, we illustrate the utility of routinely recorded medical history to predict the risk for 1741 diseases across clinical specialties and support the rapid response to emerging health threats such as COVID-19. We developed a ne...

Airport concessions in the world date back to the last century, beginning in the United Kingdom. In Brazil, airport concessions began in 2011 and, today, there are 59 airports granted, however, of these, one has been returned and many have requested renegotiation, often based on weak demand growth. Therefore, this article seeks to investigate and c...

Waste management remains one of the most pressing global challenges, exacerbated by rapid urbanization, population growth, and limited infrastructure, particularly in developing regions such as Africa. This paper explores the role of robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) in advancing sustainable waste management, drawing comparative insights fr...

The study focused on the procurement routes and the forms of contract, currently used in the UK housing retrofit industry. Importantly, the contracts between the clients and the contractors were investigated. This study used a qualitative approach with a critical literature review and semi-structured interview data collection for the methodology. T...

Background The Supporting Harm Reduction through Peer Support (SHARPS) study involved designing and implementing a peer-delivered, harm reduction intervention for people experiencing homelessness and problem substance use. Normalisation Process Theory (NPT) provided a framework for the study. Methods Four Peer Navigators (individuals with personal...

Hallucination in large language models (LLMs) remains a significant challenge for their safe deployment, particularly due to its potential to spread misinformation. Most existing solutions address this challenge by focusing on aligning the models with credible sources or by improving how models communicate their confidence (or lack thereof) in thei...

Realizada por e-mail entre maio e outubro de 2023, a entrevista versa sobre a trajetória intelectual da autora, abordando os conceitos-chave de seu pensamento e os desdobramentos recentes de sua pesquisa. Também são discutidos o campo da históriada arte, as contribuições das lutas e teorias feministas para crítica dos cânones, bem como metodologias...

This article proposes a theoretical-methodological framework using the concept of the world-region to reassess the causes of the 1864 conflict. It argues that the prevailing systemic alliances perspective in historiography might insufficiently account for the temporal dimension characteristic of the world-region. According to this proposal, the 186...

The interview, via email between May and October 2023, focuses on the author’s intellectual trajectory, addressing the key concepts of her thinking and the recent developments in her research. The field of art history, contributions of feminist struggles and theories to criticizing canons are also discussed, as well as available methodologies confr...

In response to the escalating global climate change crisis, countries worldwide have adjusted their energy structures to promote energy diversification and decarbonization. This study systematically compares the performance and measures of the world's major economies—specifically the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, Germany, and France—in...

This study evaluates the progress of 31 countries, including EU member states, Norway, Iceland, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom (UK), towards the United Nations (UN) 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (SD) and its 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) over the period 2012–2020. The analysis employs indicators from the EU SDG indicator se...

Метою роботи є висвітлення політично-дипломатичної та військово-технічної допомоги Україні урядом Великої Британії на чолі з Борисом Джонсоном під час повномасштабного вторгнення РФ у лютому-вересні 2022 р. Наукова новизна полягає в тому, що у статті цілісно та всебічно проаналізовано роль і місце уряду Б. Джонсона у згуртуванні країн Заходу на під...

This paper examines the rise and fall of cottage nursing, a controversial approach to rural healthcare that was championed across the United Kingdom from the 1880s to the interwar period. Defying the strategies being used to professionalise nursing in urban centres, cottage nursing supporters argued that nurses for the rural poor should be recruite...

One of Georgina Mace’s many transformational research contributions was to provide a universally applicable framework for incorporating any or all elements and connections of the natural environment within conventional economic decision-making. We apply this natural capital framework to consider the overall effects of a suite of land-use policy opt...

ChatGPT is a generative artificial intelligence (AI) based chatbot developed by OpenAI and has attracted great attention since its launch in late 2022. This study aims to provide an overview of ChatGPT research through a CiteSpace-based bibliometric analysis. We collected 2465 published articles related to ChatGPT from the Web of Science. The main...

Background The prevalence of dementia in people aged 65 and over in the world is approximately 6‐10%, two‐thirds of these cases are due to Alzheimer disease The frequency of deaths from Alzheimer disease in Ukraine is 0.3 per 100,000 population, while in Great Britain this indicator is 112 per 100,000 people, USA – 82, France – 76, Germany – 51 [1,...

Background Ethnic diversity communities are frequently underrepresented in dementia research. Reasons include lack of identification with dementia research studies, promotional material for dementia prevention and accessibility. The result of this underrepresentation means that new developments for dementia treatments will be not be trialled on the...

In the United Kingdom, the study of archaeological cremated human remains has risen exponentially over the past three decades. Consequently, we are gaining a more rounded understanding of past communities, rather than a skewed perspective caused by an overreliance on studies of human remains from inhumation graves. Yet, ethical considerations relat...

This study examines the gender discrimination of Artificial Intelligence (AI) used in the legal system, focusing on risk assessment, facial recognition, and decision-making and decision-support tools. The study delves into the use of AI in the legal system, examining how its reliance on historical data, under/over-representation, and homogeneity of...

Every company is incorporated with specific business or object to carry out. Aside from the company limited by guaranty, companies are formed to carry on business with a view to making profit. The shareholders of the company and the creditors pull resources together to trade and expect to see the progress of the company and to reap dividends/profit...

Introduction Reimbursement schemes should be regularly updated to maintain a trade-off between costs for the system and access to medicines. The aim of this study was to review reimbursement systems in several European countries in terms of solutions that could have a positive impact on the health technology assessment (HTA) and reimbursement proce...

This paper provides an examination of drought management strategies in three countries: the Netherlands, the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States of America (USA). Additionally, it includes an evaluation of Türkiye’s approaches to water management and drought mitigation. Despite differing geographic, economic, and political conditions, these...

Introduction The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) conducts health technology assessment to assess cost-effectiveness and budget impact. For treatments provided in vials, NICE often considers how treatments are dispensed and adjusts the economic modeling costs accordingly. Vial sharing and wastage are likely familiar concepts...

Background To explore continuities and changes in gambling behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic and the factors that influenced these among a sample of regular sports bettors. Methods A longitudinal qualitative study using in-depth interviews. Sixteen sports bettors living in Britain took part in the first interviews in July-November 2020, and 1...

The computational cost of exact likelihood evaluation for partially observed and highly-heterogeneous individual-based models grows exponentially with the population size, therefore inference relies on approximations. Sampling-based approaches to this problem such as Sequential Monte Carlo or Approximate Bayesian Computation usually require simulat...

Heat waves are one of the most dangerous climatic hazards for human and ecosystem health worldwide. Accurate forecasts of these events are useful for policy makers and climate services to anticipate the consequences of extreme heat. In particular, subseasonal forecasts are of great importance in order to implement actions to mitigate the consequenc...

Introduction As the newly independent regulator for medicines in the UK post-Brexit, the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) has entered international regulatory collaborations, notably Project Orbis (PO) and the Access Consortium (AC), to help expedite marketing authorizations. This research compared regulatory and reimburse...

Introduction The value of health technologies may not be fully reflected in existing generic preference-based measures (GPBMs). The nine-dimension EQ Health and Wellbeing Short (EQ-HWB-S) is a new GPBM developed to assess health, informal carer, and social-care-related quality of life. The objective was to compare standard and new approaches used t...

Climate change remains one of the most urgent global challenges, with severe consequences including droughts, extreme weather events, and displacement. The transition to a low-carbon economy is widely recognized as essential for mitigating these effects. This paper explores the United Kingdom's pathway toward decarbonization, emphasizing the import...

This article presents a methodological argument for examining the affective dimensions of political identity formation, with a pivotal focus on the role of practice. Grounded in a psychoanalytically inspired discourse theory framework, it advocates for expanding research beyond textual sources to investigate the affective investment inherent in pol...

During the COVID-19 pandemic, community tensions intensified, fuelling Hinduphobic sentiments and discrimination against individuals of Hindu descent within India and worldwide. Large language models (LLMs) have become prominent in natural language processing (NLP) tasks and social media analysis, enabling longitudinal studies of platforms like X (...

Multi-functional urban green infrastructure (GI) can deliver nature-based solutions that help address climate change, while providing wider benefits for human health and biodiversity. However, this will only be achieved effectively, sustainably and equitably if GI is carefully planned, implemented and maintained to a high standard, in partnership w...

Ontologies play a significant role in knowledge structure as they enable the exchange of information among various elements of AI. When fostering standardized data representations, ontologies contribute to knowledge organization and system interoperability. The current research investigates the evolution of the influence of ontology-based research...

Best practices in faculty development are fundamental to academic excellence in the health professions. Faculty members should have the knowledge, skills and attitudes to contribute to quality education in the health professions. The aim of this study was to systematically map the literature on faculty development in the health professions, conduct...

In this study we show that on different dimensions of social security (compensation level, maximum duration and eligibility criteria), respondents in Germany, Sweden and the United Kingdom prefer their governments to compensate unemployed immigrants less generously than unemployed natives, even after considering potential prejudices about work ethi...

To what extent are citizens willing to support undemocratic practices? With the recent waves of democratic backsliding around the world, the answer to this question has become increasingly important. Existing studies find that citizens are willing to trade democratic institutions and political rights for better economic and physical security. But a...

Stigma is not new to public health, nor is it unique to HIV, but quite a complex issue that has deep roots in the intricately folded domains of gender, race, ethnicity, class, sexuality and culture. HIV related stigma remains one of the largest barriers for people living with the disease and accessing HIV healthcare and support services. This study...

Forest School (FS) in the United Kingdom is on the increase. There is a growing need to enhance young children’s personal, social and emotional development (PSED) and FS is one approach currently used to support these fundamental areas of development. The overall aim of this research was to identify any benefits for children who took part in a long...

This article explains the impact of immigration on an economy. Researched how immigration impacted the United Kingdom, China, CARICOM (Caribbean Community), Australia and the United States. This research paper was completed on November 30, 2017.

To give a complete evaluation of academic literature on talent management, the study used two bibliometric analysis methodologies to identify the most influential documents in terms of citation and the most collaborated authors and countries in talent management research. For this purpose, a total of 1372 publications related to talent manageme...

Field research reveals that a “worker—lower-level contractor—higher-level contractor” organizational structure has been established in Wuxi City’s manufacturing factories in China, with close connections between workers and team leaders. Local governments are involved in the employment processes of these manufacturing factories but do not intervene...

As urbanization in most countries grows, inequalities become more prevalent throughout the populations.

The marketing technology ecosystem is rapidly evolving, integrating digital tools and platforms to transform marketing practices. This study analyses this dynamic and diverse field, addressing research trends, theoretical foundations and future directions. This research uses a multimethod approach combining bibliometric analysis, systematic literat...

The increasing incidence of workplace harassment in China has resulted in substantial mental health concerns among employees, underscoring the necessity for more robust legal measures.. While existing Chinese laws address these issues to a certain extent, there is scope for improvement in effectively managing both harassment and its psychological c...

Background and objective Relevant research has provided valuable insights into risk factors for bicycle crashes at intersections. However, few studies have focused explicitly on three common types of bicycle crashes on road segments: overtaking, rear-end, and door crashes. This study aims to identify risk factors for overtaking, rear-end, and door...

Background and Aims Metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and its more severe subtype, metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis (MASH), are highly prevalent and strongly associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study sought to identify challenges to the diagnosis, treatment and management of people...

With the continuous stability of the post-epidemic era, the social and economic levels of various countries are gradually recovering, and the rate of studying abroad is also gradually rising. The number of international students studying in the UK continues to increase. Among them, the number of Chinese students has always been at the top. This art...

Introduction: Psychologists increasingly see culture as vital in defining our sense of self. Though many theoretical perspectives exist on how culture impacts one's identity, this research seeks to justify these claims and contribute to the existing empirical data. Methodology: The current research used a qualitative methodology through thematic an...

Given the rate of advancement in predictive psychiatry, there is a threat that it outpaces public and professional willingness for use in clinical care and public health. Prediction tools in psychiatry estimate the risk of future development of mental health conditions. Prediction tools used with young populations have the potential to reduce the w...

Background People with dementia frequently develop behavioural and psychological symptoms, sometimes necessitating care in specialist dementia mental health wards. There has been little research on their life expectancy following admission or need for palliative care. The work presented here explores the mortality of these patients and whether this...

The significance of the study of British agriculture is mainly reflected in the benefits brought about by the introduction of a policy as well as its management. Firstly, the UKs agricultural policy and management experience is of great significance to other countries, especially developing countries. Secondly, the UKs investment in agricultural ed...

Secara umumnya, Malaysia masih belum mempunyai garis panduan khusus bagi pengiklanan produk makanan dan minuman kepada kanak-kanak di media sosial. Ini berbeza dengan negara lain seperti United Kingdom (UK), Australia dan Singapura yang sudah mempunyai garis panduan khas bagi pengiklanan produk makanan dan minuman kepada kanak-kanak. Kajian ini ber...

Ethical sourcing is a crucial issue for the fashion industry, which is under intense pressure to build ethical and responsible supply chains. Despite its importance, we know little about how individual employees working in the fashion supply chain view ethical sourcing and the ethical considerations they encounter during their work. We adopted the...

Purpose: To analyze the feasibility of adopting competency budgeting in Brazil. Methodology: Qualitative, exploratory, bibliographic, documental, and content analysis nature, with the cataloguing of the material based on environmental attributes (political commitment, human capital, long-term sustainability, and macroeconomic policy) and technical...

Over the past 160 years, the UK has experienced significant winter mortality among older people. A quarter of a million older people have died from cold-related illnesses over the past decade, with one older person dying every seven minutes. Misconceptions about winter deaths must be addressed. Evidence shows that winter deaths are avoidable. These...

Introduction Paranoid ideation is a relatively common experience in adolescence, yet it has not been well‐explored in relation to psychological well‐being and functioning in general population samples of youth. The current study aimed to investigate the relations between paranoia (operationalized as “persecutory ideation”), well‐being, and two doma...