Grazing - Science topic

Metananda AA, Suhubdy, Mertha IG, Soekardono, Afrianto WF, Ar NH. 2025. Diversity and biomass of understory vegetation which might increase fire risk in Mount Rinjani National Park, Lombok Island, Indonesia. Asian J For 9: 67-74. Human activities in the grassland surrounding Mount Rinjani National Park (MRNP), Lombok Island, Indonesia are prevalent...

Pollinators have been negatively impacted by agricultural intensification, loss of natural habitats and habitat fragmentation. This has raised concern about the persistence of plant species dependent on insect pollination in semi-natural grasslands where these are remnants of larger grazed areas, now surrounded by intensive agriculture and forests....

Early-stage oxide phase formation during air oxidation of Co-Cr-Fe-Mn-Ni-Si complex concentrated alloys is investigated in-situ using synchrotron grazing incidence X-ray diffraction. The first detected oxide phase as well as the order of oxide phase formation during the first hour of oxidation between 400 °C and 800 °C are clarified for alloys with...

Heathland ecosystems have experienced severe declines. Today, the remaining heathlands suffer from succession and airborne nitrogen deposition. To counteract the negative effects of both, various management measures such as choppering, grazing, mowing or sod-cutting have been implemented. However, thus far, these measures only partially halted the...

The semi-natural grasslands of the Territoire de Belfort harbor a rich diversity of fungi, particularly species from the CHEGD group (Clavaria, Hygrocybe, Entoloma, Geoglossaceae, and Dermoloma). These fungi are sensitive to environmental changes and serve as bioindicators of ecological quality. However, modern agricultural practices, including the...

The resonant charge transfer process based on the jellium model of free electron gas is normally used to explain the neutralization of alkali-metal ions scattering on metal surfaces with low work functions. However, we find it cannot adequately account for the angle dependent neutralization of keV-energy Na+ ions in grazing scattering on Al(100) an...

Research experience was acquired on impact of foraging behaviour of cattle and sheep on grassland vegetation utilization. Practical training was obtained in techniques employed to measure the types of preferred swards and extents of utilization by grazing animals. Further training was received in body condition scoring in cattle and in a period at...

As the demand for solar X-ray observation devices continues to rise, the Wolter-I type grazing incidence mirror has emerged as a critical component in these instruments, particularly for high-precision imaging. This mirror efficiently focuses X-rays, enabling astronomers to detect fainter celestial signals. It plays a key role in providing essentia...

Identifying where and how grazing animals are active is crucial for informed decision-making in livestock and conservation management. Virtual fencing systems, which use animal-mounted location tracking sensors to automatically monitor and manage the movement and space-use of livestock, are increasingly being used to control grazing as part of Prec...

The paper describes the production and evaluation of annual livestock densities of cattle, horses, sheep and goats (including per-pixel 95% probability prediction intervals) at 1 km spatial resolution for the 2000—2022 period using spatiotemporal Machine Learning. A compilation of subnational livestock census data has been imported, harmonized and...

The dynamics and plant composition of toxic weeds in alpine meadows are strongly influenced by management practices such as livestock grazing. Here, the effect of grazing management on vegetation and soil characteristics within an alpine meadow ecosystem was assessed over a 5-year period. The experimental grazing treatments comprised no grazing (co...

In oligotrophic ecosystems, bacterial production (BP) via the microbial loop and grazing processes plays a crucial role in carbon transfer (CT) to higher trophic levels. However, there studies quantifying CT from bacteria to the marine food web are limited. In this study, we used ¹³ C-isotope tracers and cavity ring-down spectroscopy to measure pri...

Dilution experiments were conducted to estimate the microzooplankton (MZP) grazing rate and phytoplankton growth rate in Chilika Lagoon during the summer and winter seasons. The phytoplankton growth rate ranged between 0.71 ± 0.11–2.86 ± 0.10 day–1 and 0.62 ± 0.01–1.45 ± 0.02 day–1, whereas MZP grazing rates ranged from 1.59 ± 0.11–2.92 ± 0.12 day–...

Soil health is typically evaluated using physical, chemical, and biological parameters. However, identifying cost-effective and interpretable metrics remains a challenge. The effectiveness of ecological outcome verification (EOV) in predicting soil health in grazing lands was assessed at 22 ranches. Sixty-four soil samples were analyzed using the H...

Over the past 30 years, participatory forestry reforms have been attempted across much of the world. Ostensibly, these have been attempts at rolling back the enclosures of forests that characterized the colonial era. However, a vast and still-growing body of literature documents how the spread and significance of these reforms have been limited by...

Understanding the mechanisms driving community structure and dynamics is crucial in the face of escalating climate change, including increasing incidences of extreme weather. Cell size is a master trait of small organisms that is subject to a trade‐off between resistance to grazing and competition for resources, and thus holds potential to explain...

We report the charge compensation in topological insulator thin films due to the laser fluence-induced segregation of the Sb2Se3 phase. Sb doped Bi2Se3 films were deposited on commercial Si substrates coated with 300 nm of amorphous SiO2 using the Pulsed Laser Deposition technique at different laser fluence of 1.25 J-cm-2, 1.87 J-cm-2, 2.75 J-cm-2,...

Large ungulates across the world are threatened with extinction due to habitat loss, land use change, and other anthropogenic pressures. While conservation measures are critical, for many populations the implementation of conservation measures is often not practical, either due to a lack of information on the species' biology or their conservation...

Interaction of relativistically intense ultrashort laser pulses with an extended surface of flat or curved targets at a grazing angle is studied via numerical particle-in-cell simulations. Processes of electron acceleration and generation of electromagnetic discharge current pulses propagating along the target surface are analyzed. In the case of a...

Stacking of freestanding membranes enables the formation of interfaces beyond what can be obtained with classical heteroepitaxy. In particular, twisted interfaces provide unique physical properties not existent in the corresponding individual layers. An ideal twist grain boundary yields an in-plane screw-dislocation network, assuming sufficiently s...

Reproductive performance in sheep and goats is significantly influenced by the type of food and nutrition consumed. Dietary environment significantly impacts sheep and goat reproductive processes, ranging from minor adjustments in ovulation frequency on suboptimal diets to complete shutdown in adverse nutritional indicators due to adverse nutrition...

Climate change poses significant threats to rural communities in Kyrgyzstan, particularly for agriculture, which relies heavily on natural resources. In Naryn Province, rising temperatures and increasing natural hazards amplify vulnerabilities, especially in high mountain areas. Addressing these challenges requires understanding both environmental...

The maintenance of critical natural capital stocks lays a basis for achieving sustainable development across the globe. However, the rapid socioeconomic development in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region in China has been somewhat in conflict with the sustainability of natural capital, particularly in the domain of land use. This, however, remains...

Livestock grazing is a globally common land-use practice, impacting the micro- and macro-ecological dynamics. It is one of the most important managerial issues in the protected areas of India, which are home to most of the floral and faunal biodiversity of country. This study examines the intricate relationship between livestock grazing and factors...

In this study, titanium carbonitride (TiCN) thin films were deposited using cathodic arc deposition techniques. The as-deposited TiCN thin films were subsequently subjected to annealing treatment by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) technique at a temperature range from 400 to 600 °C. The effect of RTA temperature on the crystallinity, morphology, chem...

Polygain™ (PG), a polyphenolic extract from sugarcane, has recently been identified as a potential additive to reduce methane (CH4) emissions in livestock. This experiment examined the effects of PG on the enteric CH4 emission from Holstein Friesian weaned calves. Calves were allocated to annual pasture grazing and received supplementary pellets (2...

Livestock production is increasingly at risk from rising temperatures under global warming. Despite this, how temperature increases impact the behavior of cattle on pasture is not fully understood. This research reports on patterns of beef cattle activity, including step counts and lying time, during the summer and fall grazing seasons of 2021, coi...

The frequency shift of multipath sound rays induced by the motion of a sound source in an ocean waveguide environment is a crucial factor affecting the detection capabilities of both active and passive sonar systems, as well as the quality of underwater communication. Therefore, investigating the sound field characteristics of a moving sound source...

The Faroe Islands, an isolated North Atlantic archipelago, are characterized by a grassland vegetation, which is shaped by strong winds and, since human settlement, also by intensive sheep grazing. This study, conducted in August 2023, investigated terrestrial gastropod fauna across 46 sites on six islands: Vagár, Streymoy, Eysturoy, Kunoy, Borðoy,...

The efficient neutralization of alkali-metal ions on high-work-function metal surfaces at low incident energies has not been understood well at present. To study this mechanism, we measured the neutral fraction of Na+ ions scattering on the high-work-function Pd(111) and Au(111) surfaces at the 7o scattering angle in the energy range of 0.2-5 keV....

Ewes’ genotype and physiological stage are important factors associated with gastrointestinal nematode infection. The aims were to evaluate the parasitic (fecal eggs count, FEC), health (anemia level, FAMACHA; packed cell volume, PCV; hemoglobin, HGB), and productive response (live weight, LW; body condition score, BCS) of hair ewes managed under a...

Every few years, an old story resurfaces in the popular media: goats are especially harmful to the environment because they uproot plants, preventing them from regrowing and thus turning grasslands into deserts. The destructive tendencies of goats in these accounts have “unleashed some of the worst dust storms on record”, overgrazed Mongolia’s “onc...

Keystone species are critical to maintaining ecological relationships and ecosystem functioning around the world. Prairie dogs (Cynomys sp.) are a genus of colonial keystone species endemic to North American grasslands that modify bird community composition via ecological disturbance, but this topic has not been reviewed despite many studies on gra...

This study investigated the forage quality and yield of Sal Pasture, located in the Çamlıhemşin district of Rize province, within the Eastern Black Sea Region of Türkiye. The study was conducted during July of 2023 and 2024. Plant samples were collected from 12 different selected points using 50x50 cm quadrats, harvesting vegetation at ground level...

Background: The current study aims to assess the management techniques, phenotypic variability, morphometric characteristics and performance traits of the Zokel indigenous goat of Mizoram. This documentation is crucial for breed registration and the conservation of the breed via suitable breeding programs. Methods: A comprehensive investigation was...

This study examined the grazing dynamics of Nguni and Bonsmara cattle across traditional communal and commercial ranching systems in semi-arid South Africa. Eighty cattle (n=20 per breed and management system) were monitored over 12 months to assess grazing behavior, forage selection, and environmental interactions. Data collection involved direct...

Cattle production is a major source of livelihood for many people especially rural dwellers in West Africa. A projected demand for meat and dairy products due to rapid population growth has increased the need to explore sustainable ways of improving cattle production. This review documents shortfalls in the prevailing cattle production system in th...

The Anthropocene, characterised by significant human impact on the Earth, highlights the urgent need to balance economic development with ecological stewardship in sensitive regions like the Alps. Historically, human activity in the Alps, such as sustainable livestock pasturing, has had a positive impact on biodiversity. However, modern development...

Citation: Futa, B.; Kulik, M.; Kajtoch, Ł.; Mazur, M.A.; Jaźwa, M.; Ścibior, R.; Wielgos, J. Enzymatic Activity of Soil on the Occurrence of the Endangered Beetle Cheilotoma musciformis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Xerothermic Grasslands. Insects 2024, 15, 307. https://doi. Simple Summary: This study aimed to elucidate the factors contributing to...

Summary Continued degradation of agricultural land is currently threatening the sustainability of mixed agriculture-livestock production systems in the western cotton zone of Burkina Faso. The contribution of livestock to the improvement of soil fertility and the availability of crop residues for livestock feed is still a potential solution. The ob...

Key innovations play a crucial role in driving biodiversity and facilitating evolutionary success by enabling organisms to adapt to various ecological niches through the diversification of phenotypic traits. These innovations have been observed in different vertebrate clades, such as mammals evolving hypsodonty to graze on contemporary grasses and...

Forage plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) has emerged as a valuable agronomic species within grazing systems in New Zealand. The release of two cultivars in New Zealand in the mid‐1990s led to on‐farm use and research. Subsequent identification of the potential of plantain for reducing nitrogen losses from intensive grazing systems led to an expansi...

The United States Fish and Wildlife Service's Native Prairie Adaptive Management (NPAM) program utilizes natural disturbance regimes to increase native species diversity on native prairie within the Prairie Pothole Region. We compared species composition from 2012 and 2020 and employed distance-based redundancy analysis (dbRDA) to relate species co...

Organic semiconductors based on liquid crystal (LC) molecules have attracted increasing interest. In this work, two linear LCs based on 2,5‐bis(thien‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene (BTTT) mesogen are designed and synthesized, including BTTT/dEO3 with two symmetrically attached tri(ethylene oxide) groups and BTTT/mEO6 with one asymmetrically attached h...

The objective was to evaluate the effect of supplementation during three seasons (autumn, winter, and spring) on the productive and reproductive performance of Nellore heifers grazing on Mombaça grass. A total of 28 Nellore heifers were subjected to two supplementation strategies: 15 CP [15% crude protein (CP)] and 18 CP (18% CP). The experimental...

Weeds incur up to AUD $4 billion in economic loss annually to Australian agriculture. Despite this knowledge, there are few quantitative data on yield loss and control costs caused by weeds to the industry. Reported herein is the economic cost of managing the emerging, invasive Navua sedge weed to the grazing and cropping (sugarcane) industries of...

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of high grazing pressure for short, intermittent periods (1–2 h per day) on fuel load management in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests in the north-eastern region of Portugal. This evaluation aims to understand the effectiveness of targeted grazing as a forest management tool, specifically in reduci...

Purpose This paper aims to provide empirical evidence of the relationship between diversification strategies in farm businesses and farm financial performance. We distinguish diversification into agricultural diversification and farm diversification into non-agricultural activities, depending on the source of farm business revenues. Design/methodo...

Many barriers prevent ranchers from supporting prescribed fire on grazing leases or their own land. Barriers include negative perceptions of fire resources limitations, and fear of liability. We surveyed ranching landowners around four National Grasslands in North and South Dakota—public grazinglands managed by the USDA Forest Service—to assess lan...

The objective was to evaluate the response of New Zealand Holstein cows to concentrate supplementation at contrasting times of the day on herbage intake and ingestive behavior. Two experiments were conducted in winter and spring–summer in a grazing dairy production system of Medicago sativa L. with Dactylis glomerata L. pastures. Three moments of s...

Obesity and its comorbidities (e.g. laminitis) are identified as major welfare issues among domestic equids in the United Kingdom (UK) and abroad. Weight-management typically focuses on restricting consumption (e.g. limiting pasture grazing), often facilitated through stabling. This leads to social isolation, prompting other welfare issues. Increas...

Multilayer coated toroidal mirrors have been widely used in X-ray optical systems to focus/collimate the X-ray beams. The variation of grazing incidence angles at different positions in the tangential direction of the toroidal mirror necessitates a lateral gradient of the multilayer d-spacing. Additionally, a small radius of curvature (RoC) in the...

European grasslands are vital carbon (C) sinks, contributing to climate change mitigation. Grazing intensity significantly influences soil C and nitrogen (N) cycles through effects on soil conditions and microbial communities. While heavy grazing is linked to soil C loss and altered N processes, existing studies show conflicting outcomes. This stud...

Over the past three decades, substantial efforts have been made to implement public programs aimed at developing pastoral areas in Algeria. This study seeks to investigate the impacts of rangeland restoration projects, specifically deferred grazing, in the steppe regions. To achieve this objective, a comprehensive financial evaluation of pasture ma...

This parameter study examines the impact of two distinct adhesion layers, chromium (Cr) and titanium (Ti), on the performance of CuO/Cu2O-based chemoresistive gas sensors by varying the layer thickness. The sensing material utilised on a Si-SiO2 sensor chip with Pt electrodes is an ultrathin CuO/Cu2O film fabricated through thermal deposition of Cu...

In the present era, climate change is not only an environmental challenge but also a social justice and human rights issue. This phenomenon particularly affects vulnerable communities and their natural resources. As a global phenomenon, climate change has widespread impacts on natural resources such as forests and pastures, exacerbating existing in...

In co-locating agriculture and solar photovoltaics (PV) on the same land, agrivoltaic systems (AVS) afford opportunities to meet global food and energy demand while contributing to renewable energy targets. Here we show that in addition to renewable energy, AVS provide co-benefits such as enhanced crop/pasture water-use efficiencies (up to 150–300...

The occurrence of harmful blue-green algae blooms is becoming more frequent worldwide. In recent years, the incidence has increased globally in frequency, severity, and duration. Many cyanobacteria species produce a group of toxins known as microcystins. The species most commonly associated with microcystin production is Microcystis aeruginosa...

Mixed legume/grass grasslands are the most significant type of artificial grassland in rain-fed semi-arid regions. Understanding the contributions of legumes and grasses to grassland productivity, as well as the nitrogen-sharing mechanisms between them, is crucial to maintaining the sustainability, stability, and high yield of mixed grasslands. In...

Background The Noah’s Ark metaphor provides a compelling framework for understanding the conservation challenges faced by glacial endemics in high mountain refugia across the West Palearctic. The iconic bush-cricket Psorodonotus ebneri, endemic to Beydağları Mountains in southwest Anatolia, serves as a potential model species for investigating resi...

The Great Basin is at risk of increased wind erosion and dust emissions due to grazing pressure, urbanization, wildfire, and non-native plant invasion. Recent efforts to quantify wind erosion risk on Great Basin rangelands identified high to extreme wind erosion and dust emission hotspots. However, the spatial extent and seasonal variability of dus...

Selective foraging has been reported in many wild and domesticated ruminants, yet modern livestock production systems rarely allow animals to express this natural behaviour. However, it is assumed that giving livestock the opportunity for forage selection positively influences their health and welfare. This study investigated the forage selection o...

This study analyzed the spatiotemporal changes in grassland NDVI from 2000 to 2020 in the eastern route of the China–Mongolia–Russia Economic Corridor, a region with frequent ecological–economic interactions, and explained the main driving factors, influencing patterns, and degrees of grassland NDVI changes in different regions. Based on MODIS NDVI...

The Upper Paraguay Basin (UPRB) covers 361 338 km² in Brazil and can be divided into the Planalto (plateau) and the Pantanal, the largest wetland in the world. This area faces pressures from climate change, land use and cover change (LULC), and infrastructure. Therefore, this study evaluates the effectiveness of current environmental policies on na...

Trees have emerged as a key focus of global environmental policy. Several programs promote planting of trees outside forests (ToF), in places such as farms and grazing lands, due to the potential of trees to provide a wide variety of benefits to people and nature. Yet, our knowledge of human well-being outcomes of ToFs is limited, especially in Sou...

While sonar sensors are crucial for underwater robotics perception, the key challenge lies in traditional multibeam sonar simulation’s lack of comprehensive physics-based interaction models. Such missing physical aspects lead to sonar imagery discrepancies, such as the absence of coherent imaging systems and speckle noise effects exposing risks of...

Population fluctuations of lemmings in the High Arctic appear to be driven by predator-prey interactions. However, lemming grazing can sometimes have a strong impact on the vegetation during population peaks, suggesting a possible role of plant-herbivore interactions. We use a large-scale experiment where predators were excluded to investigate if p...

Forages provide an important source of minerals for ruminants. The mineral content in the forages consumed by grazing cattle changes with the season; due to the availability of nutrients in the soil and the ability of the root system to absorb them affected by weather patterns. The main objective of this research was to evaluate five species of for...

We prove several localized characterizations of quadrics and, between them, the localized Blaschke's Theorem and use this result to give some characterizations of the ellipsoid related to the flatness of its grazes.

In this work, we present a comparative experimental study of energy losses of 2-4 keV hydrogen and helium ions in grazing scattering on a Au(111) surface. We performed energy loss measurements as a function of the crystal azimuthal angle and the incident energy by means of a time-of-flight method with a pulsed beam. The most probable energy losses...

Sod-seeding low productivity, or depleted, pastures with legumes, and non-bloat legumes in particular, is considered a viable method of restoring productivity to the pasture. However, the impact of the change in plant composition of the pastures on GHG emissions from the urine and dung deposited by cattle grazing the pastures is as yet unknown. Exc...

Tetraclinis articulata, endangered in the western Mediterranean, is suspected to have become invasive in the eastern Mediterranean. This study assessed its naturalization/invasion status across Israel, where it was planted over 6000 ha in semi-arid and Mediterranean regions. We hypothesized that T. articulata colonizes undisturbed sites with low co...

Dans la région d’Ihorombe, les feux pastoraux ou les feux de pâturage sont des incendies volontairement allumés par les éleveurs pour la régénération des pâturages. Si ces feux ne sont pas maîtrisés, ils provoquent des dégâts difficilement à gérer. Sur ce, cet article vise à étudier l’analyse de la perception des feux pastoraux dans la région d’Iho...

Objective: The research is intended to interrogate the remote causes of problems arising from these concepts and to also proffering lasting solutions, taking Southern Kaduna as a study. However, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2 and 13 that underscore hunger and climatic change to needs to be activated to address crises between farmers and...

The transition period and its management affect how dairy cows face physiological challenges. Total mixed rations (TMR) have been shown as a strategy to address pasture-based system limitations and improve milk production, without consistent information about their use in short periods and residual responses. The study aimed to evaluate contrasting...

Measurements of the crystal azimuthal angle-dependent energy losses have been performed by means of a time-of-flight method for 3-keV negative fluorine ions in grazing scattering on a missing row reconstructed Au(110) surface. The energy-loss spectra exhibit the single-peak structure in the vicinity of the azimuthal angle of 0. As the azimuthal an...

Changes in the distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions - particulate organic carbon (POC; unprotected carbon) vs. mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC; protected carbon) - affect SOC storage and stability. Here, we compile a SOC fraction dataset from 7219 soil samples across six continents. From 2000 to 2022, POC increases by 21.8% w...

Phytosociology reached its peak development during the 20th century, particularly after 1992 with the implementation of the EU Habitats Directive, which incorporated plant associations into habitat classifications. The objective of this study is to assess the diversity of Mediterranean grasslands using the phytosociological methodology, focusing sp...

Soil and vegetation carbon stocks play a critical role in human-Earth system models. These stocks (denominated as densities in MgC/ha) affect variables such as land use change emissions and also influence land use change pathways under climate forcing scenarios where terrestrial carbon is assigned a carbon price. Here we present reharmonized soil a...

Saline-alkali land represents a crucial reserve of arable land essential for ensuring food security. However, there remains a significant deficiency in converting saline-alkali land into productive cultivated or grazing areas. Microbial agents hold substantial potential for the reclamation of saline-alkali soils. In this study, a moderately halophi...