Science topic

Government - Science topic

The complex of political institutions, laws, and customs through which the function of governing is carried out in a specific political unit.
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Corruption is spiralling under Trump, who was himself involved with New York Mafia. The corruption involves Musk and SpaceX, who moves government money towards his own projects and companies.
The Trump family are now billionaires, even his sons. Does more and more America resemble Putin's government and society and how will this level of corruption affect the world?
Will all leaders become corrupt and all societies corrupt?
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The perception that corruption is increasing or that government officials and wealthy individuals are consolidating power and wealth is a concern shared by many democracies worldwide. Such trends can undermine public trust, weaken institutions, and have broader implications for governance and societal stability.
Comparing the current state of American politics to that of Putin's government involves examining factors such as centralized power, rule of law, transparency, and democratic processes. While there are ongoing debates about the integrity and functioning of democratic institutions in the U.S., it's crucial to recognize that the two systems are distinct, with different histories, legal frameworks, and societal norms.
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Keeping an open mind in assessing Trump's approach, my take principally on Tariffs and the destruction of the welfare sector:
From my understanding, and memory, there have been two attempts, both successful, to cut American government spending. Once was in the late 1920s, and the other under Clinton. On both occasions, cuts in federal spending were successful and government spending was cut. On both occasions, a few years after came a downturn or recession. The reason for this may be that with government restrictions on national spending private borrowing increased rapidly and caused problems for most of the next decade until the Second World War, which caused an increase in government spending.
Now while this alone may have enabled the wealth growth of the 1950s, the war had damaged or disabled all of America's competitors. America had a free hand to expand.
That is the history, now to the present.
There seems a lack of know, in my view, of how economies function and the idea that cutting welfare will encourage growth is mistaken as by doing so other problems will arise and with the very poor without sufficient money spending overall will decline and there will in addition be far less money around. Trump's government is a business one, including as it does, Musk. But businesses operate within states and are not, obviously, states. Their economics is different. Welfare enables spending even by the very poor, which will positively impact the state's internal economy. Without it, many, indeed millions, will or could function outside of the economy.
Tariffs are a different issue as there is no evidence they will work. Trump seems to believe that the USA is that of his childhood when it could command other economies due to the war and USA technological advances in the following decades. What Trump sees as America having been ripped off by the entire world is simply natural change. The impact of tariffs and counter tariffs could end up seriously damaging Western economies to the benefit of China.
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Culture wars, political polarization and deepening inequality: the roots of Trumpism
"More than 100 days into his return to the White House, the conclusion is stark: Donald Trump is no longer the same president he was during his first term. His familiar nationalist and populist rhetoric is now openly paired with an authoritarian turn – one without precedent in US history. He has adopted a neo-imperial view of the economy, treating the global order as a zero-sum contest of winners and losers. In this worldview, cooperation gives way to domination: what matters is power and the accumulation of wealth...
The US re-elected not just a man, but a style, an era and a worldview built on dominance, disruption and disdain for rules. Still, history is unwritten: intoxicated by hubris and undermined by incompetence, Trumpism may yet crash into the wall of reality – with consequences far beyond America’s borders..."
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We are currently in an era where teaching profession has been detested due to various challenges bewildering the profession such as work intensification, negative societal perception about teaching, low attractiveness, unfavourable government policies, poor remuneration among others. In this contemporary, what can be said about the the benefits of being a teacher or the motivating factors that can be considered to be teacher.
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While teaching is often described in terms of challenges—long hours, emotional demands, and modest pay—there is another side to the profession that is less frequently acknowledged. Beneath the surface lies a set of hidden benefits that make teaching not only a noble calling but also a deeply fulfilling and life-enriching experience. These subtle rewards often go unnoticed in public discourse, yet they contribute significantly to why many educators stay committed to the classroom year after year.
1. A Lifelong Learning Journey
One of the most enriching but often overlooked benefits of being a teacher is the opportunity for continuous learning. Teachers are constantly exposed to new ideas, changing curricula, and evolving worldviews through their students. Whether it’s keeping up with educational technology or revisiting literature, science, or history with a fresh perspective, the profession encourages intellectual agility and growth. In essence, the teacher becomes a lifelong learner—sharpening their mind while shaping others'.
2. Emotional Fulfillment and Legacy
Unlike many other professions, teaching allows individuals to make a direct impact on lives. Seeing a student grasp a difficult concept, build confidence, or achieve personal success can offer profound emotional satisfaction. Though the outcomes of this impact are not always immediate, they form a lasting legacy. Former students often remember their teachers years later—not just for what they taught, but for how they made them feel. That sense of influence, though intangible, is a powerful source of purpose and joy.
3. A Strong Sense of Community and Belonging
Teaching often creates bonds—not just with students, but with fellow educators, parents, and the broader community. Schools can be microcosms of support and collaboration, where teachers share experiences, exchange strategies, and celebrate small victories together. This sense of collective mission fosters deep human connection and reduces professional isolation, which is rare in many other fields.
4. Creativity and Autonomy
Within the classroom, teachers are often free to be innovative and expressive. They can design lessons, decorate their environments, or create new ways of engaging learners. This autonomy—when supported by leadership—offers a sense of ownership and creative fulfillment that many professions with rigid structures do not allow.
5. Character Development and Empathy
Teaching sharpens not just the mind, but the heart. Educators frequently engage with diverse student backgrounds, personal challenges, and unique learning needs. In doing so, they develop deep empathy, patience, and communication skills. These personal qualities are not only valuable in professional settings, but they also enrich personal relationships and emotional resilience.
6. Perspective and Gratitude
Teachers often witness students overcoming difficult life circumstances to pursue education. This proximity to adversity fosters humility and gratitude, reminding educators of the privilege of learning and the resilience of the human spirit. It offers a sense of perspective that grounds daily life in meaning.
Conclusion
The hidden benefits of teaching are not measured in paychecks or promotions but in growth, impact, connection, and purpose. These intangible rewards make teaching not just a profession but a vocation—a deeply human endeavor that transforms both students and teachers. In a world increasingly driven by material metrics, the hidden joys of being a teacher offer a rare form of wealth: one rooted in legacy, learning, and love.
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PHYSICS aims in each chapter or area in physics typically aims to:
- Identify and explain the fundamental laws or principles relevant to a specific domain (e.g., mechanics, thermodynamics, electromagnetism).
- Demonstrate how these laws can predict and explain observable phenomena.
WITHOUT EXPERIMENTATION AND OBSERVATION/CONFIRMATION SEIZES TO BE PHYSICS.
BUT some ITHINK IT IS TIME THAT PHYSICS REVERTS TO A MORE HUMBLE PLACE AS THE ENGINEERING MODELING OF NATURAL PROCESS AND PHENOMENA VIA MATHEMATICAL OR OTHER ABSTRACTIONS (E.G. STATISTICAL MECHANICS PREDICTTIONS ARE NOT CLOSED FORM).
Apendix
**Basic Assumptions:**
- The universe operates according to discoverable rules and regularities[6][8].
- All real entities are made of matter, and substance is fundamental[1][7].
Physics is the study of the fundamental rules and regularities that govern the natural world, seeking to discover, describe, and explain how matter, energy, space, and time interact through observation, measurement, and experimentation[6][8]. Its focus is on understanding the underlying principles that apply universally, from the smallest particles
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Mathematics is only a tool in it.
Physics is a study of nature.
The mathematicians would like to deform it.
Its real stuff.
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The concept of global citizenship involves creating an internationally recognized status that ensures fundamental rights for all, regardless of nationality. This could guarantee rights such as education, healthcare, and freedom of expression, contributing to the reduction of global inequalities. However, its implementation would face legal challenges, such as national sovereignty, and political challenges, with governments resisting the loss of control over citizenship. Furthermore, the social and economic implications would be significant, requiring a redefinition of international relations and the creation of new global institutions.
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“Is global citizenship possible?”
In many ways, global citizenship already exists—it's embodied in institutions like the United Nations (UN). The UN has established a foundational framework for shared values through the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), which outlines the basic rights and freedoms to which all people are entitled.
In my book, Global Civility—which emphasizes civility over globalism (a distinction worth noting)—I used the physical Constructal Law to explore a foundational prerequisite for meaningful global citizenship. It's not just about political structures, but about cultivating and expediting the evolution of civil capacity across cultures and nations.
I’ve included links below that offer further background aligned with your question.
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The global AI landscape is becoming fragmented as nations develop their own frameworks for governing Artificial Intelligence — from the EU’s AI Act to the U.S. Executive Order and China’s algorithm regulations.
Can we achieve a unified international legal framework to govern AI ethics, data privacy, algorithmic bias, and liability?
Or will legal conflicts and jurisdictional challenges make this impossible?
Would love to hear from researchers in law, tech policy, and computer science:
  • What’s the role of the UN or other global institutions?
  • Is mutual recognition of national laws a workable compromise?
Let’s explore whether global cooperation on AI regulation is realistic — or just theoretical.
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The idea of global AI regulation sounds noble — and entirely unrealistic. Not because we lack ambition, but because we deliberately lack the political, economic, and cultural alignment to make it work.
AI is not a neutral technology. It's an extension of power. Every line of code, every dataset, every model architecture built in a California lab or a Chinese tech park serves specific interests. In that sense, pushing for "global AI governance" is like trying to write a shared ethical code between pirates and coast guards.
The European Union is leading with its AI Act — a well-intentioned gesture in a global arena that often rewards speed and dominance over caution. The United States is more focused on outpacing its competitors than regulating them. And China? It’s simultaneously developing social scoring algorithms and signing onto digital rights frameworks.
A unified legal framework? We can’t even get Spotify and music licensing boards to agree.
Still, all is not lost. Maybe the answer isn't one grand international treaty, but imperfect mutual recognition — like international roaming for AI. We don’t need uniformity, but interoperability. Think of a patchwork of legal standards that don’t align perfectly but know how to talk to each other.
As for global institutions like the UN — their role today is more symbolic than effective. We’d need new, empowered transnational bodies with actual authority, not just well-meaning observers issuing recommendations no one follows. But who’s truly willing to surrender even a fraction of their sovereignty over what may be the 21st century’s most powerful geopolitical tool?
AI reflects who we are. And the fact that we can’t regulate it together says a lot: we are far more fragmented than we care to admit.
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Has the Iranian nuclear countdown begun? Will the United States' military action against Iran lead to Iran's nuclear power? Can Iran stand up to the United States with an electromagnetic bomb and a plasma bomb?
the period needed to produce weapons-grade uranium — has shrunk to mere days, signaling both rapid nuclear advancement and a diminishing window for global response. Compounding the urgency is the imminent expiration of “snapback sanctions” under UN Security Council Resolution 2331 in October 2025, with Iran’s uranium stockpile set to reach critical levels by mid‑2025. Global decisionmakers now face a stark choice: reinvigorate diplomatic efforts, intensify economic sanctions, or risk a preventive military strike. Each passing week further heightens the risk of a destabilizing nuclear breakthrough.
Divergent Yet Interlinked Interests: Regional and Extra‑Regional Stakeholders
While the imperative to prevent a nuclear‑armed Iran unites many international actors, the strategies and underlying interests of key stakeholders differ significantly.
At the regional level, countries like Saudi Arabia and the UAE are grappling with the immediate consequences of Iran’s nuclear ambitions. For example, Saudi Arabia finds itself in a particularly delicate position. On one hand, it has strong incentives to act as a mediator — leveraging its vast economic clout and its Vision 2030 goals — to prevent an Israeli strike on Iranian nuclear facilities, which could trigger widespread regional instability. However, despite being reportedly open to mediating between Washington and Tehran, Riyadh has yet to formally offer to assume such a role. Its cautious stance perhaps reflects concerns that overt involvement could risk further escalating tensions with Iran or complicate its broader regional rivalries.
Meanwhile, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has taken on an informal but pivotal role in bridging dialogue between Washington and Tehran. By facilitating backchannel communications, such as delivering a private letter from former US President Donald Trump to Iranian officials, the UAE has demonstrated a pragmatic approach aimed at defusing an otherwise volatile situation. This initiative not only highlights the UAE’s practical diplomacy but also reinforces a broader regional consensus: while military confrontation remains off the table, there is a pressing need for alternative diplomatic channels that can bypass the deadlock often seen in traditional Western approaches.
On the extra‑regional front, the divergence in approaches is equally pronounced. The European troika — comprising Britain, France, and Germany, often referred to as the E3 — has increasingly adopted a tougher stance against Tehran. In June and November last year, these powers, joined the US securing passage of an IAEA Board of Governors resolution censuring Iran, a clear indication that the conditions under which the 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) was agreed are no longer acceptable. In March, Britain warned that it would trigger snapback sanctions, if necessary, to prevent Iran acquiring a nuclear weapon. This approach, however, is challenging because it requires European nations to safeguard nonproliferation without provoking Iran into a military escalation.
Shifting focus beyond the region, both China and Russia advocate for a return to the original JCPOA framework, arguing that this approach best preserves regional stability while aligning with their own strategic and economic interests. In mid‑March at a Beijing-hosted trilateral meeting with Iran and Russia, Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi outlined a five‑point plan to resolve Iran’s nuclear issue, calling for sanction relief, renewed multilateral talks, and a return to the 2015 deal — a proposal sure to encounter US resistance.
Meanwhile, despite Russia’s reported interest in assisting US efforts to negotiate a new and broader nuclear deal, its backing of Iran — militarily, economically, and diplomatically — and alignment with Beijing against Western sanctions reflect growing geopolitical fractures.
The entrenched distrust that exists between Tehran and Washington further complicates these dynamics. Because of this deep-seated mistrust, any externally brokered deal risks being viewed more as an instrument of geopolitical maneuvering than as a genuine attempt at disarmament.
Thus, while all parties agree on the necessity of avoiding military confrontation over Iran’s nuclear ambitions, the divergent regional and extra‑regional interests create a labyrinth of strategic choices that are both interlinked and at odds with one another.
Maximum Pressure and Diplomatic Outreach: Strengthening Iranian Hardliners
To force Tehran back to the negotiating table, the Trump administration in February reinstated its “maximum pressure” campaign — a strategy defined by a sweeping set of economic sanctions aimed at crippling Iran’s economy. Shortly thereafter, Trump revealed that he had sent a private letter to Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei urging nuclear talks — a tactic he also used in 2019 with Japan’s then-Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and previously with Kim Jong Un, which led to meetings but no disarmament deal. Axios later reported that Trump’s letter set a two-month deadline for a new nuclear deal, though when the clock starts remains unclear.
Even as a diplomatic path is on offer, Trump and his team persist in tightening economic sanctions and issuing military threats. On the matter, Secretary of State Marco Rubio stated, “if you force him to choose between a nuclear Iran or taking action, the president’s been clear: He will take action.” Rubio’s remarks coincided with the US launching its first air strikes against Yemen’s Houthi rebels since Trump’s return to office, while Trump himself condemned Iran for backing the group attacking US warships, insisting, “Iran must stop the sending of these Supplies IMMEDIATELY.”
“All options are on the table,” Trump’s national security adviser, Michael Waltz, stated in a recent television interview. When pressed on what Iran should forgo, he cited “the missiles, the weaponization, the enrichment” of its nuclear program. However, given that Tehran has shown no willingness to negotiate away its missile capabilities, an all-or-nothing deal seems far-fetched.
These mixed signals have drawn a cautious response from Tehran. Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi suggested talks might be possible if Washington ends its “pressure and threats,” but hardliners see the sanctions and vague diplomatic overtures as contradictory, reinforcing their resolve against what they perceive as external coercion. Khamenei dismissed Trump’s proposal as “a deception,” insisting Tehran would not be coerced into talks designed to make Iran appear unwilling to negotiate.
Khamenei’s defiant rhetoric has emboldened conservative elements within the Iranian government. In fact, internal political developments — such as the forcing out of prominent reformist figures — underscore how the maximum pressure campaign may have strengthened hardliners in Iran. Reformist President Masoud Pezeshkian’s promise to broker a nuclear deal in exchange for sanctions relief, which had signaled a new era of engagement with the West, is rapidly losing credibility as rival factions are on the offensive. Frustrated, he has adopted a tougher public stance, further dimming prospects for meaningful negotiations.
The Diplomatic Impasse and the Scramble for a Breakthrough
With Iran’s nuclear program advancing and sanctions set to expire, diplomatic efforts have grown more urgent. A recent closed-door UN Security Council meeting underscored mounting global concern over Tehran’s stockpile of highly enriched uranium (HEU) and non-compliance with IAEA safeguards.
Issuing a statement after the meeting, the US called out Iran’s “brazen behavior,” while Britain signaled its readiness to trigger snapback sanctions if Iran fails to curb enrichment. Policymakers are scrambling for a breakthrough, but with trust eroded and traditional diplomatic channels blocked, incremental steps may no longer suffice.
Instead, what is needed is a radical, flexible, and innovative diplomatic approach — one that can bridge the deep-seated mistrust between Tehran and the West while accommodating the divergent interests of regional and global stakeholders. A recent Foundation for Defense of Democracies (FDD) report advocates Iran’s pre-commit to disarmament, including full inspections and dismantling nuclear sites — an approach endorsed by The Wall Street Journal.
Yet Iran is unlikely to accept full dismantlement, viewing its nuclear program as essential for deterrence and regime survival. The US withdrawal from the JCPOA reinforced Tehran’s distrust, while North Korea’s resistance to complete, verifiable, and irreversible dismantlement (CVID) suggests Iran can defy similar demands without forfeiting diplomatic leverage.
Complicating matters further, Iran has made it abundantly clear that it will not make any nuclear concessions without comprehensive sanctions relief. By linking its nuclear stance to broader regional security concerns, Tehran has set the stage for a high-stakes standoff where punitive measures could entrench both sides in a zero-sum conflict. The international community must weigh the risks of further isolating Iran against the benefits of compelling it to accept stricter non-proliferation measures.
The Looming Threat of a Preventive Military Strike
Amid the escalating diplomatic deadlock, the specter of a preventive military strike — most notably by Israel — continues to cast a long shadow over the region. Recent US intelligence reports suggest that Israel is actively contemplating a strike on Iran’s nuclear sites, a move that underscores its longstanding security concerns. Israel views a nuclear‑armed Iran as an existential threat, and as Iran’s uranium enrichment accelerates unchecked, the likelihood of preemptive action grows.
However, the potential consequences of such a military intervention are both severe and unpredictable. For example, Qatar’s Prime Minister, Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani, has warned that an attack on Iran’s nuclear facilities could “entirely contaminate” the Gulf waters, posing a grave threat to life in Qatar, the UAE, and Kuwait. Such environmental and humanitarian disasters would not be confined to one nation but could ripple throughout the entire region, triggering a dangerous cycle of escalation. According to a recent report from the Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP), rather than halting Iran’s nuclear progress, a preventive strike might compel Tehran to disperse its nuclear assets into smaller, more covert sites or even to accelerate its enrichment efforts further, thereby exacerbating the very crisis it sought to avert.
The threat of military action is further intensified by the current geopolitical dynamics. At the same time, US support for an Israeli intervention cannot be ruled out. The Wall Street Journal revealed that during the presidential transition, some Trump officials weighed the feasibility of Israeli strikes on Iran’s nuclear sites, including potential American military involvement. The consequences of such a confrontation would not only disrupt diplomatic channels but could also ignite a broader nuclear arms race in an already volatile region — an outcome that would have far‑reaching implications for global peace and security.
A Struggle Amid Broader Nuclear Instability and Arms Control Challenges
The challenges posed by Iran’s nuclear program must be understood within the broader context of global nuclear instability and the erosion of traditional arms control frameworks. The collapse of long‑standing agreements such as the US‑Russia New START treaty — now less than a year from expiration and without prospects for extension — has weakened the mechanisms that once provided strategic balance. This deterioration is forcing nations, from Poland to South Korea, to reevaluate their reliance on American security guarantees.
In the United States, contradictory policies have only deepened these concerns. While President Trump has repeatedly warned that nuclear weapons are the “greatest existential threat” facing humanity, his administration’s policies have, paradoxically, fueled discussions among US allies about the need for their own nuclear deterrents. In recent months, Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk has suggested that his country must explore “opportunities related to nuclear weapons” in light of what he described as a “profound change of American geopolitics.” Similarly, French President Emmanuel Macron has indicated that consultations with European allies — such as Germany — are necessary to consider expanding the French nuclear umbrella. In South Korea, the debate over whether to develop a domestic nuclear program has gained momentum as the nation grapples with the dual threat posed by North Korea and an increasingly unpredictable American policy stance.
These developments underscore that the struggle over Iran’s nuclear ambitions is not an isolated crisis but is deeply intertwined with broader global shifts. The weakening of international non-proliferation and arms control norms, coupled with rising tensions among major nuclear powers, creates an environment in which any failure to engage constructively with Iran could serve as a catalyst for a new era of nuclear instability. The risk is that, in the absence of robust diplomatic engagement, the world could witness a proliferation cascade — one where the erosion of non‑proliferation norms leads to more countries pursuing nuclear capabilities, thereby undermining decades of international efforts to maintain strategic stability.
In effect, the broader nuclear non‑proliferation regime is under unprecedented strain. The intricate interplay between national security imperatives, regional rivalries, and shifting global alliances means that resolving Iran’s nuclear challenge is inextricably linked to the overall health of the international arms control architecture. Any failure to address the Iranian crisis constructively may not only trigger a regional nuclear arms race but also further destabilize the delicate balance of global nuclear deterrence.
Conclusion
At this critical juncture, the international community faces a perilous challenge as Iran’s nuclear program accelerates — reducing its breakout time to days while snapback sanctions expire in October 2025. Divergent stakeholders are locked in a stalemate: regional players like Saudi Arabia and the UAE hesitate to mediate, whereas the European E3 insists on strict IAEA compliance and sanctions. In contrast, China and Russia advocate for a return to the original JCPOA. Washington’s dual strategy — combining maximum pressure with ambiguous diplomatic outreach — has only emboldened Iranian hardliners and deepened mistrust, heightening the risk of a preventive military strike, especially by Israel.
Though Iran has previously defied UN resolutions, its adherence to the 2015 nuclear deal before the US withdrawal indicates that diplomacy remains a viable path. With its proxies diminished, deterrence weakened, and economic pressures mounting, negotiation remains the more prudent course — one that key international players can still help shape. With traditional arms control frameworks crumbling, only a bold, unified diplomatic effort that reconciles these divergent interests can prevent a catastrophic escalation and safeguard global security.
· T
· [1] PhD in Climate Change from Mohaghegh Ardabili University. abasskashani122@uma.ac.ir
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نعم بدا العد التنازلي للبرنامج الننووي الايراني لان الولايات المتحده ترى انه مع النظام الابراني يشكلان التعديد الاهم للمصالخ والحلفاء في منطقه الشرق الاوسط التي تعد من اهم مناطق الامن القومي الامركي لاعتبارات ضامان امن الطاقه وامن معايرها
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Definitely the Climatic factors significantly impacted on farmers' economies by affecting on crop yields. Then What are the mitigation strategies and what should be the government role/policies in it.
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Climatic factors—such as temperature shifts, extreme weather events, droughts, and floods—have a direct and profound impact on farmers’ economic stability and indirectly shape government policy responses, especially in rural and structurally weaker regions. This dual effect can be interpreted through the lens of institutional theory and socio-technical systems, which also inform contemporary research on digital transformation in rural municipalities (Patalon & Wyczisk , 2024).
For farmers, climate variability influences crop yields, soil health, water availability, and pest dynamics—each of which affects economic outcomes, risk exposure, and long-term resilience (IPCC, 2022). As a result, agricultural households and businesses are increasingly dependent on adaptive capacities, such as access to real-time weather data, predictive analytics, and precision farming tools, many of which rely on digital infrastructure and public sector support.
In turn, government policies evolve in response to climatic stressors. Policies may include:
  • Financial mechanisms such as crop insurance and disaster relief,
  • Subsidies for climate-smart agriculture and technology adoption,
  • Regulations around land use and water management, and
  • Investments in digital infrastructure to support rural innovation and early warning systems (FAO, 2021).
Here, our research on municipal digital transformation and institutional isomorphism offers a critical bridge: Rural municipalities are becoming key actors in mediating between national climate policies and local agricultural practices. Municipalities must institutionalize both digital capabilities and climate responsiveness, often under resource constraints and institutional pressures (DiMaggio & Powell, 1983; Hinings et al., 2018). Climatic shocks can thus act as external triggers for institutional change, pushing local governments to integrate sustainability and digital tools into their service portfolios.
Hinings, B., Gegenhuber, T., & Greenwood, R. (2018). Digital innovation and transformation: An institutional perspective. Information and Organization, 28(1), 52–61.
IPCC. (2022). Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/
Tornatzky, L. G., & Fleischer, M. (1990). The Processes of Technological Innovation. Lexington Books.
Patalon & Wyczisk (2024). Mapping Digital Transformation of Municipalities through the Lens of Institutional Isomorphism. International Journal on Social and Education Sciences (IJonSES), 6(1), 51–67.
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Is it possible that intensive dairy farming on light loam/loess alluvial soils which easily leach nutrients into waterways (streams, rivers, lakes and aquifers ) could be the cause of huge ammounts of long fin eels ( one tonne ) dying in Lake Waihora, Canterbury, New Zealand ?
The water quality data shows extreme levels of Nitrates, Phosphorus and E-coli. Even though the Government knows this and experts like Mike Joy ( Freshwater Egologist at Victoria University, New Zealand ) has often pointed this out, nothing is being done about it. Actually our government is proposing more dairy farms
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Actually, the fluid waste from dairy, mollasis are having high BOD and COD levels unless highly effective treatment plants are installed to take care of these pollutants.
Opening of new dairy industries should not be a problem if everything is properly managed.
In India, the Amul Dairy Industry run by Kaira District Farmers Co-Operative Society has played a pivotal role in the Indian 'White Revolution'. Now it's the 76th year of Amul Dairy Industry, Anand, Gujrat and has established a benchmark of quality in products such fresh milk, buttermilk, lassi, butter, cheese, sweets such as Shrikhand, dairy based ice-creams, milk powder, milk chocolates, compound chocolates so on and so forth. Credit obviously also goes to late Dr Vergese Kurien a technocrat who has greatly contributed to this succes story.
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Should fiscal policy focus on increasing government spending to stimulate economic growth or rather on reducing the budget deficit to avoid excessive government debt?
This question concerns a fundamental decision that a government must make in the face of an economic downturn. On the one hand, increasing spending can help stimulate economic growth, especially in times of crisis. On the other hand, a long-term increase in the budget deficit can lead to an increase in government debt, which may limit the government's ability to invest and pursue a stable economic policy in the future. Research shows that the government can achieve more sustainable economic growth by focusing on gradually reducing the budget deficit instead of aggressively increasing government spending, as long-term debt can lead to destabilisation of public finances and higher debt servicing costs. The choice between increasing spending and reducing the deficit is an eternal dilemma of fiscal policy, especially in the context of sustainable economic development. On the one hand, in crisis situations such as economic recessions, increasing public spending on investment and social support can be an indispensable tool for a rapid economic recovery. On the other hand, excessive debt in the long term can lead to serious problems, such as higher debt servicing costs, reduced scope for future public investment and the possible loss of the state's financial credibility. Therefore, the key to solving this issue is to find the right balance between the two approaches.
In the following article, I have written about the sources of the high inflation that has occurred since 2021 as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic, based on research that I have conducted:
THE POST-COVID RISE IN INFLATION: COINCIDENCE OR THE RESULT OF MISGUIDED, EXCESSIVELY INTERVENTIONIST AND MONETARIST ECONOMIC POLICIES
I have described the key issues of the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the economy and financial markets in my article below:
IMPACT OF THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC (COVID-19) ON FINANCIAL MARKETS AND THE ECONOMY
IMPACT OF THE SARS-COV-2 CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC (COVID-19) ON GLOBALISATION PROCESSES
I have described the key issues of the exceptionally deep energy crisis in Poland in 2022 in my co-authored article below:
POLAND'S 2022 ENERGY CRISIS AS A RESULT OF THE WAR IN UKRAINE AND YEARS OF NEGLECT TO CARRY OUT A GREEN TRANSFORMATION OF THE ENERGY SECTOR
I have described crisis management in companies in the article:
CRISES IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF BUSINESS ENTITIES AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT
I have described the key issues of anti-crisis state intervention in my article below:
Anti-crisis state intervention and created in media images of global financial crisis
What do you think about this topic?
Please reply,
I invite everyone to the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Best wishes,
I invite you to scientific cooperation,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Dear Researchers, Scientists, Friends,
The research question regarding the priorities of fiscal policy – stimulating growth through increased spending or deficit reduction to avoid excessive public debt – touches upon fundamental dilemmas of macroeconomic management. The presented text accurately describes the opposing arguments and potential consequences of both strategies, pointing to the risks associated with long-term debt. However, it is worth expanding this discussion to include new research questions, such as the conditionality of the effectiveness of individual strategies depending on the phase of the business cycle, the structure of the economy (e.g., the degree of openness, labor market flexibility), the level of existing public debt, and inflation and interest rate expectations. Furthermore, future research could explore optimal fiscal consolidation trajectories, the impact of the quality of public spending on long-term growth, the interactions of fiscal policy with monetary policy in different macroeconomic scenarios, as well as the role of fiscal institutions in ensuring budgetary discipline. I sincerely thank all researchers and scientists for their insightful analyses and contributions to this complex debate. I am open to further scientific cooperation in this crucial field and invite you to continue this important discussion, which is key to shaping stable and sustainable economic policy.
Best wishes,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Who agrees the government should assist aspiring researchers in gaining their own means of production? How? Why? Related somewhat:
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I completely agree with the importance of government support for aspiring researchers in providing the necessary means for their research production. By offering financial support and research grants and facilitating access to digital resources and advanced laboratories, governments can enhance researchers' ability to achieve their scientific innovations. This support will strengthen the capacity of countries to innovate and progress in various scientific fields. Why? Because scientific research is the foundation of sustainable development and future excellence.
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The Kenyan government wants to make mathematics options in senior schools. I wrote an article on why mathematics must be compulsory in senior schools. Use the link: https://nation.africa/kenya/blogs-opinion/blogs/mathematics-needs-to-be-a-compulsory-subject-4967282
Do you agree with me?? Discuss.
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Yes, because it fosters essential skills like critical thinking, problem-solving, and logical reasoning, which are valuable across various fields and in everyday life.
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The historians have a role nisisery in his country because he can observe the consequences of the strategy of the government
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Historians play a crucial role in the development of their country because they analyze past events and government strategies, allowing society to learn from successes and mistakes. By studying historical patterns, they provide insights that help shape better policies, promote cultural identity, and guide future decision-making.
One example is Arnold Toynbee, a British historian who analyzed the rise and fall of civilizations. His work influenced policymakers by highlighting how societies that fail to adapt to challenges decline, while those that innovate thrive. His insights were used in post-World War II reconstruction efforts, helping nations like the UK and the US shape economic and social policies for long-term stability.
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I want to know the how the stakeholders would convinced and move forward from "resistance to change" mentality .
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Thank you
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What are the socio-cultural and economic challenges faced by rural farmers in Uttar Pradesh when transitioning to a natural farming cropping system, and how can government policies and local institutions support this transition?
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financial barriers and socio cultural influences
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To what extent have government incentives, subsidies, and certification processes supported the adoption of organic farming, and what improvements can be made to make organic farming more accessible and profitable for small and marginal farmers?
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Dear Doctor
Go To
The Government Subsidy Policies for Organic Agriculture Based on Evolutionary Game Theory
Xingyi Yang,Xiaopei Dai, and Yijing Zhang
Sustainability 2024, 16(6), 2246; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16062246
[Abstract
Organic agriculture is a sustainable form of farming that can protect the environment. However, the high production costs of organic agriculture deter farmers from switching to organic farming. To support the development of organic agriculture, many governments offer subsidies to farmers or retailers. We develop an evolutionary game model to investigate the effect of government subsidies on organic agriculture and the conditions under which the government should subsidize farmers or retailers. We find that subsidizing farmers or retailers can promote agricultural development. Government subsidies lower the requirement for social responsibility and the premium that retailers offer. Furthermore, if the consumer’s social responsibility is sufficiently low, the government’s best choice is to subsidize retailers. If the social responsibility premium is medium, the government’s best choice is to subsidize farmers. Finally, higher subsidies motivate more farmers to produce organic products when the government subsidizes retailers. Conversely, if the government subsidizes farmers, it is more conducive to reducing the burden on retailers to purchase organic products.]
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Government of Indonesia has program to support of food estate from forest area about 20 million hectares. I suggest using a land consolidation approach by inventorying forest areas that are fragmented by infrastructure or agricultural activities. Is this suggestion correct? Do you have a success story in implementing land consolidation in your country or in other countries?
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Land consolidation is a strategy primarily used in agriculture to reorganize fragmented land holdings, but it can also serve as a solution to forest ecosystem fragmentation. Here’s how:
1. Connecting Fragmented Forests
Land consolidation can help restore ecological connectivity by merging small, isolated forest patches into larger, continuous areas. This enhances biodiversity by allowing free movement of wildlife and promoting genetic diversity among species.
2. Creating Green Corridors
Consolidation efforts can be used to design green corridors continuous strips of forest that connect separated habitats. These corridors facilitate wildlife migration, reduce human wildlife conflicts and help species adapt to climate change.
3. Reducing Edge Effects
Forest fragmentation creates more forest edges, which expose ecosystems to harmful external influences like invasive species, human encroachment and microclimate changes. Consolidation reduces the edge effect by forming compact forest blocks with a more stable internal environment.
4. Sustainable Land Use Planning
By integrating forest consolidation into regional planning, authorities can regulate urban expansion, infrastructure development and agricultural encroachment. This ensures that forested areas are managed sustainably and are not further degraded.
5. Enhancing Carbon Sequestration
Larger, continuous forest areas are more effective in carbon sequestration compared to fragmented ones. By consolidating forest lands, carbon storage potential increases, contributing to climate change mitigation.
6. Supporting Reforestation & Agroforestry
Land consolidation can facilitate large scale reforestation projects and agroforestry initiatives, helping restore degraded lands while balancing conservation with sustainable livelihoods.
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Is the introduction of a universal basic income (UBI) an effective solution to the problems associated with technological unemployment, or does it lead to economic inefficiency and a decline in work motivation?
Dear Researchers, Scientists, Friends,
In the face of increasing automation and robotisation, many jobs are becoming redundant, raising concerns about the future of employment. The concept of a universal basic income is based on the idea that every citizen receives a certain amount of money, regardless of their professional situation. Proponents of the UBI claim that it will minimise the effects of technological unemployment and ensure a dignified life for citizens. Critics, on the other hand, point out that UBI can lead to higher taxes, a decrease in work motivation and a burden on the state budget. According to the accepted research thesis, a universal basic income can effectively mitigate the negative effects of technological unemployment, but its long-term impact on the economy depends on the model of its financing. Experiments in Finland and Canada suggest that a UBI can improve citizens' quality of life and reduce the stress associated with job loss, but at the same time its impact on economic activity is ambiguous. The high financing costs of UBI require thorough economic analyses, especially in the context of the future of taxes and income redistribution. Interdisciplinary research combining economics, psychology and social sciences can help assess whether UBI is indeed the future of social systems or just a utopian idea.
My articles below are related to the above issue in some aspects:
FAMILY 500 PLUS PROGRAMS AND FLAT PLUS WITH KEY INSTRUMENTS FOR PRIVATE SOCIAL POLICY IN POLAND
NATIONAL HOUSING PROGRAMME OF THE MAIN STRATEGIC AND PROGRAMME DOCUMENT FOR THE CURRENT STATE RESIDENTIAL POLICY OF THE STATE
IMPORTANCE OF INTRODUCING THE 500 PLUS FAMILY PROGRAMME AS A SIGNIFICANT FACTOR IN COMPREHENSIVE INVESTMENT POLICY FOR FAMILIES IN POLAND
Current and future objectives of pro-family social policy based on the Family 500 Plus programme
The financial situation of households in Poland and the significance of introducing the ‘Family 500 Plus’ programme as part of a comprehensive pro-family social policy.
And what is your opinion on this topic?
And what do you think about it?
What is your opinion on this issue?
Please reply,
I invite everyone to the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Best wishes,
I invite you to scientific cooperation,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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From my Georgist perspective, the concept of universal basic income (UBI) is an intriguing proposition, but it does not address the fundamental issues related to land use, economic inequality, and the distribution of wealth derived from natural resources:
Georgism posits that land and natural resources are common assets that should be owned collectively, with the value generated from them benefiting the public. Instead of a UBI, a more Georgist solution would involve taxing land value (Land Value Tax or LVT) to capture the economic rent from land ownership and redistribute it back to the community. This approach addresses inequality at its source by making the value derived from land accessible to everyone.
While UBI can provide a safety net for individuals facing unemployment, it does not address the structural issues causing unemployment in the first place. Georgists argue that addressing the root causes of economic troubles—such as speculative land holding and inefficient resource allocation—requires a comprehensive reform of land taxation and property rights, which could lead to more sustainable employment opportunities.
A Georgist view might raise concerns that UBI could potentially reduce the incentive for individuals to seek work, particularly in economies where jobs are scarce or undervalued. By contrast, a focus on land taxation and fair distribution of land value encourages productive use of land and can stimulate economic activity and job creation.
Introducing UBI without addressing underlying economic structures could lead to inflationary pressures, especially if it disproportionately increases demand without a corresponding increase in the supply of goods and services. A Georgist approach would argue that promoting efficient and equitable land use, alongside reforms to labor markets, could mitigate potential inflationary consequences and foster a more resilient economic ecosystem.
Financing UBI presents challenges. Georgists argue that utilizing land value taxation can provide a stable and sustainable funding source not only for a basic income but for broader public services and infrastructure. This would reduce reliance on potentially volatile tax revenues from labor or capital, creating a more grounded and equitable economic system.
While universal basic income can provide temporary relief and support for individuals facing unemployment, a Georgist critique, dear Dariusz Prokopowicz , emphasizes that it fails to tackle the underlying issues of land use and economic inequality. Addressing these structural problems through land value taxation and equitable resource distribution could provide a more effective and sustainable solution to the challenges associated with unemployment.
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Will government spending on the development of artificial intelligence and automation technologies bring long-term benefits to the economy or lead to massive job losses?
Dear Researchers, Scientists, Friends,
Investments in AI and automation are crucial for increasing the competitiveness of the economy, but they can also lead to increased technological unemployment. The dilemma is whether government support for these technologies will bring more benefits or exacerbate social problems. Research shows that investment in AI and automation will increase economic productivity and create new employment sectors. On the other hand, mass automation will lead to increased unemployment and labour market polarisation. The dilemma formulated in the above question takes on particular significance in the context of Industry 4.0 and the growing role of robotics in the manufacturing and service sectors. While previous technological revolutions led to the creation of new jobs, there is no guarantee that a similar effect will occur in the case of AI and automation. There is a risk that the economic benefits will be concentrated in the hands of technology corporations, and the middle class will experience negative consequences. An alternative could be the implementation of active income redistribution policies or the concept of basic income, which could mitigate the effects of technological unemployment.
I have described the key issues of the opportunities and threats to the development of artificial intelligence technologies in my article below:
OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPLICATIONS AND THE NEED FOR NORMATIVE REGULATION OF THIS DEVELOPMENT
What do you think about this topic?
What is your opinion on this issue?
Please reply,
I invite everyone to the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Best regards,
I invite you to scientific cooperation,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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The outcome of government investment in AI and automation will depend on various factors, including how policies are implemented, the pace of technological adoption, and how society plans for and mitigates the potential negative effects on the workforce.
With proactive measures—such as retraining programs, social safety nets, and a focus on inclusive growth—governments can help harness the benefits of AI while minimizing the risks associated with job displacement. The long-term benefits can be realized if the transition is well-managed and aimed at enhancing the skills and opportunities of the workforce.
The immediate effects of rapid AI deployment can include job losses and economic disruption, potentially leading to social and economic instability if not managed carefully.
The benefits of AI and automation may not be evenly distributed, leading to increased wage inequality. Those with skills complementary to AI may see wage growth, while others may struggle to find employment.
AI and automation can significantly boost productivity by streamlining processes, reducing costs, and allowing human workers to focus on higher-value tasks. This can lead to economic growth.
The workforce may face significant challenges during the transition to an economy increasingly reliant on AI. Retraining and upskilling programs may not be sufficient or accessible to everyone affected.
The impact of government spending on the development of artificial intelligence (AI) and automation technologies on the economy is a complex issue, with arguments on both sides, dear Dariusz Prokopowicz . The wise use of technology is required, in terms of careful tech-know-logical evolution and human learning, i.e. societal growth can be the outcome of a challenge, if the social response is guided by wise decisions, with respect to improve human living chances.
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The USA has gone so far as to have a new department of governmental efficiency. I cannot find a definition for governmental efficiency that would allow for a measurable determination of success. What does it mean to have an efficient government? In a non-profit, efficiency might be measured in the proportion of dollars donated that are directly spent on the task. A less efficient charity uses more donated income on advertising, swag, or administrative costs.
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Government efficiency is the best use of resources to achieve a desired public goal, which can be estimated by a cost benefit analysis of existing operations and also of alternative means. This needs to be considered holistically to consider all the factors actually involved to achieve the publicly desired end, not just what a bureaucracy thinks it is working toward. Cyril's comments above are part of this. Buerocracies often are out of touch with the needs of policy recipients, especially involving differences of all kinds (culture, geography, economy, etc) in individual places. For example, if the goal is to provide housing for people, it is not just about how cheaply a house of a certain size can be built, but also involves building one suitably for the recipients in a particular place which may involve different materials and arrangements than what is best in another location.
What the public goal should be is a different question, which is prior to the issue of efficiency.
It is clear that Mr. Musk is in fact working for government inefficiency, both because he and his people seem to have no knowledge of or concern for the purposes of agencies and programs, and also because he and his people are just making or proposing cuts in staff and programs without any concern for who does what or what the effect will be. The aim seems both ideological and to reduce spending, regardless of the public cost, quite likely to allow for tax breaks for the very wealthy without greatly increasing the deceit. But even in those terms, the cuts are not well thought out (are inefficient), and in some cases are actually reducing government income, as in firing large niumbers of people at the IRS.
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Clearly Trump's government is turning towards fascism, and will continue in that way.
We need to discuss how this has happened and how this can be avoided elsewhere in future.
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Where Trump is concerned (Putin's record is incidentally far worse) his life has been filled with appalling behaviour. I have used morally rather than employ something better, but it is clear that long term criminal activity (Trump and Epstein) does not prevent an individual holding high office and indeed adds to a myth.
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Hello everyone,
I’m currently working on my study of food tourism and investigating how food tourism is represented on the official tourism government website. I'm using content analysis but have difficulty selecting an appropriate theoretical framework to underpin my research.
Could you please advise which or a combination of theories would be most suitable for my study?
Please advise which or a combination of theories would suit my study best.
Thank you for your guidance.
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Well, I am not sure if I can provide you with the right theatrical framework. Nevertheless, I have a suggestion. If you do not have any theories, theoretical frameworks, or conceptual frameworks that match your study, it is most likely that your research design needs to be modified. Seemingly, constructive grounded theory research or traditional grounded theory research design is most appropriate when you are facing such issues. This will enable you to collect data and evidence without any preconceived, predetermined, or predetermined concepts, resulting in the construction of your own theory as the outcome of your research.
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The followings are the problems of management in third world countries:
  • Not recognized as a Profession
  • Lack of efficient Managers
  • Weak Training System
  • Limitations of Management education
  • Lack of new attitude
  • Brain Drain
  • Lack of government patronage
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widespread corruption
lack of skilled workforce
inadequate infrastructure
poor governance
limited access to technology
political instability
low levels of education
gender inequality and financial constraints
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Should the central bank's monetary policy be completely independent from the government's fiscal and budgetary policy or should both policies be coordinated?
Should the monetary policy of the central bank be completely independent from the fiscal and budgetary policy of the government or should it be carried out with consideration of this policy or should both policies, i.e. monetary and fiscal policy, be coordinated, e.g. especially in times of financial and economic crises?
The debate about the relationship between the monetary policy of the central bank and the fiscal policy of the government revolves around the question of autonomy: should the bank act independently, striving for price stability, or coordinate its actions with the government, especially in crises? Independence protects the bank from political pressure, but coordinated action can mitigate crises more effectively. In stable conditions, autonomy is key, but in crises, cooperation becomes essential. Research studies analyse optimal coordination, confirming that the best approach depends on the economic situation.
I have written about the sources of the high inflation that has occurred since 2021 as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic in the following article based on my research:
THE POST-COVID RISE IN INFLATION: COINCIDENCE OR THE RESULT OF MISGUIDED, EXCESSIVELY INTERVENTIONIST AND MONETARIST ECONOMIC POLICIES
I have described the key aspects of the monetary policy pursued by central banks in recent years in the following article:
Comparisons of the monetary policy of the central banks of the Federal Reserve Bank and the European Central Bank and the National Bank of Poland
And what is your opinion on this topic?
What do you think about this issue?
Please answer,
I invite everyone to the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Best regards,
I invite you to scientific cooperation,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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The optimal approach may depend on the specific economic context, institutional frameworks, and governance structures in place. Some economists advocate for a framework that maintains central bank independence while ensuring that there are mechanisms for communication and coordination between monetary and fiscal policymakers to address economic challenges effectively. Ultimately, the balance Dariusz Prokopowicz between independence and coordination will likely vary depending on the prevailing economic conditions and policy objectives.
An independent central bank can make decisions based on economic indicators rather than political pressures. This helps prevent short-term political considerations from overriding long-term economic stability.
Independence allows for clearer accountability. If monetary policy fails, the central bank is held responsible without the complications of fiscal policy shortcomings.An independent monetary policy can provide more stable and predictable economic conditions. Investors and consumers are likely to respond positively to a central bank that is seen as free from political manipulation.
Some argue that coordinated policies can help ensure long-term economic stability by aligning fiscal measures (such as government spending or tax policies) with monetary policies to create an environment conducive to growth. In times of economic crisis, coordinated policy responses can be more effective. For example, during a recession, fiscal stimulus may need to be supported by accommodative monetary policy to foster recovery.
_________________
Ludwig von Mises identifies the source of the disruption of the world monetary order as the failed policies of governments and their central banks (1934)
Found in: The Theory of Money and Credit
In 1952, the Austrian economist, Ludwig von Mises (1881-1973) argued that the disruption of the world monetary order was attributable to the policies of governments and their central banks:
The people of all countries agree that the present state of monetary affairs is unsatisfactory and that a change is highly desirable… The destruction of the monetary order was the result of deliberate actions on the part of various governments. The government-controlled central banks and, in the United States, the government-controlled Federal Reserve System were the instruments applied in this process of disorganization and demolition. Yet without exception all drafts for an improvement of currency systems assign to the governments unrestricted supremacy in matters of currency and design fantastic images of superprivileged superbanks… The inanity of all these plans is not accidental. It is the logical outcome of the social philosophy of their authors.
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Although I typically avoid expressing political opinions, I can’t help but wonder if others have noticed certain troubling trends in recent news about President Trump’s policies and decisions. I want to clarify that I don’t affiliate with any political party, but I find myself confused about whether the President fully understands the implications of some of his actions and statements. Below are three major points that I believe warrant serious reconsideration:
1. The Greenland Proposal The suggestion to “invade Greenland” is one of the most bizarre proposals I’ve encountered. Unless credible intelligence suggests an imminent threat—such as Russian or European forces preparing to invade the U.S.—this idea is completely out of context in 2025. Historically, during World War II, President Franklin D. Roosevelt directed U.S. forces to occupy Greenland to prevent German access to strategic resources. However, those actions were based on an immediate and well-documented threat to national security.
(Source: Robert Dallek, Franklin D. Roosevelt: A Political Life, pp. 436, 489.)
Bringing up Greenland today disregards the vastly different geopolitical realities of our time. Whoever advised the President on this matter seems to lack a fundamental understanding of history and current events. Before making such proclamations, the administration should engage the research community and use tools like social media to debate and refine ideas. Historical analysis is an excellent approach—but the execution and interpretation need to be stronger. Continue using this method but ensure your team gets it right.
2. The TikTok Decision
The handling of TikTok represents a troubling disregard for the separation of powers. In 2020, President Trump advocated for banning the app, citing national security concerns. However, after a Supreme Court ruling just five years later, the President seemingly backtracked, issuing an executive order to stall a federal ban following a call with China’s leader.
This decision not only undermined the judiciary but also contradicted core Republican values of respecting the Supreme Court’s authority. The Republican Party has historically championed the judiciary as a pillar of conservatism, even going so far as to block President Obama’s Supreme Court nominee in 2016 to preserve its influence. Choosing to fight a conservative-majority court over an issue as minor as TikTok damages party unity and credibility. Moreover, the lack of alignment between the executive and judicial branches weakens our democracy. It’s critical for the President to work within the framework of the Constitution and align decisions with conservative principles, especially on significant matters.
3. Education Spending Cuts
Proposing cuts to education funding is one of the most misguided plans this administration has introduced. Blaming the current educational crisis on teachers or federal education programs ignores deeper systemic issues, particularly the lack of accountability in addressing behavioral and mental health challenges at the federal, state, and parental levels.
Teachers are trained to educate—not to act as substitute parents or mental health counselors. Yet, our society has shifted the burden of addressing behavioral issues, often rooted in parental neglect and systemic failures, onto educators. This crisis is especially dire in low-income communities, where untreated mental health issues and inadequate support systems are rampant.
Instead of cutting education budgets, the administration should:
Increase Mental Health Resources: Fund programs to educate parents on how to properly support their children, especially for families receiving public assistance. Higher education institutions, guided by state guidelines, can provide these programs.
Restore Parental Accountability: Mandate that both parents of a child receiving public assistance participate in these educational programs or risk losing state and federal benefits. People are often more motivated by financial concerns than by educational advice alone.
Strengthen Federal-State Partnerships: Collaborate with state and local governments to address root causes of the education crisis.
Deploy Undercover Experts: Send top psychiatrists and mental health professionals undercover to assess challenges in underfunded schools. Observing day-to-day realities will provide valuable insights that aren’t typically visible to VIPs.
Foster Open Dialogue: Facilitate discussions between researchers, educators, and policymakers to develop long-term solutions based on evidence and practical insight.
Education is the backbone of our democracy. Undermining its funding jeopardizes the future of our nation. Instead of assigning blame, focus on creating actionable plans to address the systemic issues facing education today.
Recommendations
Foster Open Communication: Utilize social media and other platforms to communicate idea.
Build a Trusted Advisory Team: Look to historical examples, like FDR’s “Brain Trust,” and assemble a team of individuals with expertise and vision to guide sound policy decisions.
Respect the Judiciary: Avoid undermining the judiciary, especially on issues where conservative principles are at stake.
Support Education Reform: Focus on addressing the root causes of behavioral and systemic challenges in governments from all level rather than education cutting budgets.
President Trump, your leadership qualities—charisma, adaptability, and vision—can drive meaningful progress. However, bold ideas need to be grounded in historical understanding, thoughtful analysis, and collaboration to succeed. Let’s ensure that decisions reflect these principles to advance the nation effectively.
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USAID’s freeze has thrust the entire global aid system into uncertainty
The EU and China may fill the aid vacuum left by Trump’s aid cuts...
"The Trump administration’s decision to suspend USAID workers for 90 days and pause most of its international aid work has rocked the foundations of the global aid system. The move, which has sparked outrage in the international community, threatens to destabilise vulnerable regions and halt decades of progress in economic development, health, and human rights...
The EU could be key to mitigating the impact of USAID’s shutdown. However, in 2021 the Commission switched from a more traditional model of development aid to one of global partnerships.
Through its Global Gateway Initiative, it has pledged investments of €300 billion in sectors such as health, infrastructure and sustainability between 2021 and 2027. The EU now has the geostrategic opportunity to prove itself as a reliable alternative at a critical moment.
China has emerged in recent decades as another rising alternative in international aid. Through its Belt and Road initiative, it has significantly increased its investment and presence in Africa and Latin America, though in some cases, its excessive funding has been criticised as “debt-trap diplomacy”.
The withdrawal of USAID presents China with an opportunity to further expand its soft power in emerging and low-income regions by providing funding and assistance to countries that were previously dependent on the US."
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I am conducting research on strategies to bridge the educational gap between men and women in environments where women face systemic barriers to education. My study aims to explore the role of government policies, community-driven initiatives, and socio-cultural factors in improving access to education for women. I am particularly interested in empirical studies, policy evaluations, and case studies that highlight effective interventions. Any insights, references, or recommendations would be highly valuable.
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Bridging the gender gap in education in regions with limited access requires a multifaceted approach. Addressing societal norms that undervalue girls' education is crucial, achieved through community engagement programs that emphasize the benefits of educating girls. Financial barriers can be mitigated through scholarships, subsidized school fees, and conditional cash transfers to families. Ensuring safe and inclusive learning environments is paramount, including addressing issues like gender-based violence, providing sanitary facilities, and promoting gender-sensitive teaching practices. Investing in quality education for girls, including access to qualified female teachers and relevant learning materials, is essential. Furthermore, empowering girls through life skills training, leadership development programs, and mentorship opportunities can foster their confidence and aspirations, enabling them to overcome barriers and achieve their full potential.
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A black hole can be considered an exception to the universe as it does not fully adhere to the fundamental properties that govern the universe. When analyzing the formation, behavior, and reactions associated with a black hole, the singularity at its core—the so-called "black center"—does not satisfy the laws of thermodynamics. In contrast, the processes of the universe operate in accordance with key properties such as pressure, temperature, work, energy, and magnetic characteristics. This makes black holes distinct anomalies within the framework of universal laws.
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Andreas Schwarz,
you say that black holes are build layer by layer. I do not know from where you got that.
However, in my first book I wrote that a blakc hole is build like a pearl, layer by layer. The difference is that a layer is about 2 fm thick, the thickness of a bound particle-antiparticle pair.
Lastly, there are no holes, only massive dark objects. They accrete material and form the galaxies as I have described.
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Particularly in terms of authenticity, cultural appropriation, and marketing tourism strategies? How do different stakeholders, including governments, businesses, and local communities, influence the portrayal of culinary heritage in tourism promotion?
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1. Authenticity vs. Adaptation: Balancing the desire for authentic culinary experiences with the need to cater to diverse palates and dietary restrictions.
2. Misrepresentation: Inaccurate or stereotypical portrayals of local cuisines can lead to cultural misunderstandings and disappointment.
3. Accessibility: Ensuring that a wide range of food experiences are accessible to all tourists, regardless of budget or mobility.
4. Sustainability: Promoting responsible food tourism practices that minimize environmental impact and support local communities.
5. Health and Safety: Maintaining high standards of food safety and hygiene to protect tourists from foodborne illnesses.
6. Marketing and Promotion: Effectively showcasing the diversity and appeal of local cuisines to attract tourists.
7. Technology: Utilizing technology to enhance the food tourism experience, such as online menus, food delivery services, and virtual tours.
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Enhancing equitable access to digital education for students in remote areas necessitates a comprehensive approach that tackles infrastructure, teacher training, affordability, and government policy?
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In my opinion, developing MOOCs for both computers and mobile devices significantly makes knowledge available since the investment lowers significantly when dealing with smartphones and tablets instead of laptops and desktops. Besides, developers should turn to games and leisure time apps to support learning and digital literacy-related skills, so that they could also benefit from MOOCs and other learning opportunities more significantly.
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Like one is The House of Lords and the other is The House of Representative.
The reason why I would like each party‘s person to rejoin either bigger party than each present party with their parties‘s statement and existence left is that it would be easier for all politicians to comment or have a biggest opinion which is Yes or No which means being stand for or against one issue at the more faster speed during the important decisions
I suppose. This is my imaginative ideal thoughts, not an opinion, just one of my thoughts.
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The government imposed on Japan after World War II was structured as a democracy. The new constitution, often referred to as the "Postwar Constitution" or the "Constitution of Japan," established Japan as a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system. Here are some key features that characterize it as a democracy:
  1. Parliamentary System: The constitution established a bicameral legislature called the National Diet, which consists of the House of Representatives and the House of Councillors. Members are elected by the public.
  2. Civil Liberties: The constitution enshrined various rights and freedoms for Japanese citizens, such as freedom of speech, assembly, and religion, as well as equal rights for men and women.
  3. Sovereignty of the People: The emperor's role was reduced to that of a ceremonial figurehead, with the sovereignty of the nation residing with the people. The constitution states that "the people shall be sovereign."
  4. Pacifism: Article 9 of the constitution renounced war and the maintenance of military forces for settling international disputes, reflecting Japan's commitment to peace and democracy.
So, under the guidance of the Allied occupation, Japan transitioned from an imperial rule to a democratic government. This shift has played a significant role in shaping Japan's modern political landscape.
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Have you ever read this article?
Muñoz, Lucio, 2020. Sustainability thoughts 112: How can the hidden unequal nature of the liberal market model be detailed step by step? , Boletin CEBEM-REDESMA, Año 14, No.4, April, La Paz, Bolivia.
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Charles, thank you for taking the time to write, but your comment seems not to be directly related to the article. But in my other papers I have mentioned that energy is the blood of markets as without energy there is no production, nothing to consume, no money(no dollar), not enough energy means economic black outs......but that line of thinking would not affect the ideas in that article,,,
Respectfully yours;
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i want to make research for the working method of any non-ministerial government agency
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Thank you Olika, what if there are a lot of employees, up to 4,500 people, spread across various provinces?
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There is no government today using the gold standard to back its currency. The US$ is a floating currency. Some economists have recommended the gold standard but is there any possibility for nations to return to it?
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The likelihood of nations returning to the gold standard in the modern era is low, despite occasional recommendations from some economists and policymakers. Here's a detailed analysis of why a return is unlikely and the challenges it would pose:
1. Why Nations Abandoned the Gold Standard
Limited Monetary Flexibility: The gold standard ties the money supply to the availability of gold. This constraint can lead to deflation during economic downturns, as central banks cannot print money to stimulate the economy.
Economic Shocks: Under the gold standard, countries struggled to respond to crises like the Great Depression, as monetary policies were rigidly linked to gold reserves.
Global Trade Imbalances: Countries with trade deficits faced a drain on gold reserves, forcing painful economic adjustments. This system made managing international trade and payments challenging.
Currency Speculation: Fixed exchange rates under the gold standard were prone to speculative attacks, destabilizing economies.
2. Modern Monetary Systems and the Gold Standard
Today, most countries use fiat currency systems, which allow central banks to control the money supply independently of physical gold reserves. This system provides flexibility to manage inflation, unemployment, and economic growth.
Fiat currencies are backed by the economic strength, creditworthiness, and productivity of nations, not gold reserves.
3. Challenges of Returning to the Gold Standard
Gold Reserves Mismatch: The global economy has grown far beyond the value of existing gold reserves. Returning to the gold standard would either require a massive revaluation of gold or significant deflation, which could destabilize economies.
Economic Rigidity: Returning to the gold standard would reintroduce the inflexibility that plagued economies in the past, limiting governments' ability to respond to modern economic challenges like recessions or financial crises.
Global Coordination: A global return to the gold standard would require multilateral agreements and trust among nations, which is difficult given geopolitical tensions and diverse economic priorities.
Disruption to Financial Systems: Financial markets and institutions are deeply rooted in fiat currency systems. Transitioning back to gold would create significant upheaval and uncertainty.
4. Arguments Advocating for the Gold Standard
Inflation Control: Proponents argue that the gold standard could reduce inflation by preventing governments from printing excessive money.
Currency Stability: A gold-backed currency might offer more stability, as its value would be tied to a tangible asset.
Trust in Currency: Some argue that a gold standard could restore public confidence in currencies by providing a physical basis for their value.
5. Alternatives and Modern Proposals
Instead of a return to the gold standard, some have proposed:
Using cryptocurrencies or blockchain-backed stablecoins as a modern alternative to fiat currencies.
Creating a commodity-backed basket currency, incorporating multiple resources like gold, oil, and rare metals.
Strengthening international cooperation on monetary policy rather than reverting to historical systems.
Conclusion
While the gold standard has its historical appeal, it is unlikely that nations will return to it. Modern economies are far too complex, and the benefits of monetary policy flexibility outweigh the potential advantages of a gold-backed system. Instead, governments and institutions are more focused on improving fiat systems and exploring digital currencies to meet contemporary challenges.
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What Are the Contemporary Challenges in Government Accounting Amid the Digital Era, Particularly in Developing Countries?
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Hello Doctor Sulaiman,
The digital era has brought about numerous advancements in government accounting, but it has also presented set of challenges, especially for developing countries. Here are some of the key challenges:
* Digital Divide: Unequal access to technology and internet connectivity can hinder the adoption of digital accounting systems in developing countries. This can lead to a disparity in the quality of financial reporting and accountability.
* Data Security and Privacy: Cybersecurity threats, such as data breaches and hacking, pose a significant risk to government financial data. Ensuring the security and privacy of sensitive information is crucial for maintaining public trust.
* Integration Challenges: Integrating new digital technologies with existing legacy systems can be complex and time-consuming. This can lead to inefficiencies and disruptions in financial operations.
* Cost of Implementation: The initial investment in digital infrastructure, software, and training can be a significant financial burden for developing countries with limited resources.
* Resistance to Change: Traditional accounting practices and mindsets can create resistance to the adoption of new digital technologies. Overcoming this resistance requires effective change management strategies.
* Data Quality and Integrity: Ensuring the accuracy and reliability of data in digital systems is critical for sound financial decision-making. Developing countries may need to invest in data quality assurance measures.
* Lack of Standardization: The absence of standardized digital accounting practices can hinder interoperability and data exchange between different government agencies.
By effectively addressing these challenges, developing countries can harness the power of digital technologies to improve the efficiency, transparency, and accountability of their government accounting systems.
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give a suggestion
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If a public teacher does not receive any training, there are various strategies that can be applied to ensure his effectiveness and progress in professional development: 1. **Independent learning and professional development**: - Teachers can use online resources, courses and webinars that they are available for free or at low prices. For example, platforms like Coursera, edX or edutube offer different courses for teachers. - It is recommended that teachers proactively research new teaching methods and technologies that can improve their teaching. 2. **Collaboration with colleagues**: - Teachers can organize and participate in informal teams or workshops with colleagues. Exchanging experiences and teaching methods can be very useful. - Mentoring and peer support can help teachers develop new skills and improve their approach to teaching. There are many more ways, if you need to contact me, Dijana Vuković
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I propose a discussion on my PDF-PowerPoint "Thoughts on Amartya Sen". I used this PDF-PowerPoint for the lecture held on Sunday, 17th November 2024 at the International Conference “RECLAIMING ROOTS: THE ADIVASI QUESTION AND THE ROLE OF MEDIA, MOVEMENTS, POLICY, AND POLITICS IN DEVELOPMENT”, organised by the CARD Odisha in Association with IIITM Gwalior, IIT Mandi, IIT Bhubaneswar & Ravenshaw University, Cuttack (15th, 16th, 17th November 2024).
I am working on a text which develops the contents of the PowerPoint.
In my contribution, I would like to present through some aspects of Amartya Sen’s works that a model for a new public policy consists in the uncovering of specific forms of deception strategies present in the political and social scene. These deception strategies aim to persuade individuals that there is no alternative to certain ways of thinking, to certain ways of organizing societies, to certain ways of interpreting concepts: thus, these deception strategies aim to persuade individuals that a kind of single, dominant, irrefutable thought rules and that it is right that it be so.
I shall develop my contribution through the analysis of some aspects of Amartya Sen’s philosophy. My principal aim will consist in finding, with the help of Sen’s observations, instruments in order to show that a new model for public policy first of all means – at least in my opinion – the process of uncovering that concepts and events are not so simple and not so univocal as they very often are presented to be. For instance, a concept like “development” can find interpretations that are very different from each other, depending on whether development is exclusively identified with economic and income growth, or, alternatively, depending on whether development is to be interpreted as the whole growth of the capabilities and freedoms both of the individual and of the society (the second interpretation corresponds to Sen’s interpretation of the concept “development”).
Sen’s thinking can be portrayed as a teaching against fatalism, indifference, resignation and inaction, on the one side, and as an appeal to the assumption of one’s own responsibilities, on the other side: Sen wants to uncover the deep roots of political and social fatalism, since this kind fatalism is, actually, not neutral, but, on the contrary, aims to conceal precise responsibilities. Sen fights both in economics and in ethics against every kind of deception: he often denounces that, within the economic, social and political thought, deception strategies aim to conceal, behind the mask of the unavoidability allegedly dictated by the nature of things, failures actually due to human mistakes; unavoidable economic destiny is, actually, not so unavoidable as someone would like to present it.
Therefore, Sen’s project regarding development and freedom proves to be, among other things, a project of uncovering deception strategies: for instance, Sen’s opinion that famines are not a natural, but a social phenomenon aims to uncover all attempts to present famines as something unavoidable, in relation to which the only solution is resignation. Sen points out that all those presenting famines as a natural phenomenon, actually want to conceal their own responsibilities for the occurring of famines. Hunger and famines are not, in other words, natural phenomena against which there is nothing to do; they are social phenomena having precise responsible agents; neither do famines represent an integral, constitutive, unavoidable element of the modern world: they can be prevented if there is the political will to prevent them. Sen continuously aims at promoting the control of government and of public authority: governments try to blame on nature the cause of catastrophes, whereas the causes of social catastrophes are to be connected to the inefficiency of governments. Sen’s meditation proves to be a continuous defence and promotion of democracy, rights and freedom against all attempts to diminish their value: in particular, Sen sees democracy as a system which is compatible with economic growth, thus opposing all those who consider democracy as an obstacle to economic growth. My attention will, thereafter, be concentrated on Sen’s interpretation of the concept of development, which in Sen’s opinion cannot be limited to the income of the individuals or to the growth of GNP, but should be extended to individuals’ freedoms, human rights, health care, opportunities of education and further entitlements. Development is, in Sen’s opinion, the progressive growth of the individual capabilities, whereas all interpretations of development based only on the measurement of the gross domestic product and of the individual income are insufficient.
I shall finally refer to Sen’s pointing out the dangers related to the absolute view of the cultural identity, if this view is connected to economic and political strategies: certain interpretations of cultural identities do bring about catastrophes, as it can be shown by means of the attitudes of British politicians towards Irishmen as possessing an inferior culture during the Irish famines, or by the attitudes of British politicians towards Indians during the Great Bengal famine). I shall finally refer to Sen’s pointing out the dangers related to the absolute view of cultural identity, if this view is connected to economic and political strategies: certain interpretations of cultural identities do bring about catastrophes, as it can be shown by means of the attitudes of British politicians towards Irishmen as possessing an inferior culture during the Irish famines, or by the attitudes of British politicians towards Indians during the Great Bengal famine). The analysis of the connections between Sen and Mahbub Ul Haq, whose books and articles (for instance, “Reflections on Human Development”) are always referred to by Sen, will close my presentation. Sen’s works on which I shall concentrate my attention will be, for instance, “Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation”, “On Ethics & Economics”, “Capability and Well-Being”, “Development as Freedom”, “How Does Culture Matter?”, “Identity and Violence: The Illusion of Destiny”, and “The Idea of Justice”; moreover, I shall take into consideration the book “Hunger and Public Action”, which Sen wrote together with Jean Drèze.
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Dear Professor Adamu Bukar Ngalda ,
I thank you very much for your very interesting observations.
Yours sincerely,
Gianluigi Segalerba
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Under perfect market thinking, the responsibilities of governments and of corporations in development are known, which raises the question: Under perfect market thinking, who is to be blamed if social and/or environmental systems collapse, governments or corporations? Why?
Who do you think is to be blamed? And why do you think that is the case?
A short answer who and why is the best.
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Mohamed, in perfect market thinking, NO GOVERNMENT INTERNVENTION, responsibility is in the market, both PRODUCERS AND CONSUMERS such as the case of the TRADITIONAL MARKET A LA ADAM SMITH or in the case of the PERFECT GREEN MARKET. Only when there is Market failure, traditional market or green market, the government has to intervene to correct it. So under perfect market the goverment is the market monitor/promoter of market efficiency and corrector and enforcer when there is market failure where he is not part of. Hence, here there is no conflict of interest between environmental responsibility and government action.
In non-perfect market thinking such as DWARF GREEN MARKETS in different forms, there is ongoing government intervention, which means RESPONSIBILITY FALLLS ON THE GOVERNMENT.
So if you shift from perfect market tools(perfect traditional market or perfect green market or perfect sustainability market, all free markets) to non-perfect market tools(such as dwarf green markets or dwarf red markets or dwarf sustainability markets) the responsibility for market failure shifts from corporations and consumers to governments as governments set the management targets....
So under non-perfect market the goverment is the market monitor/promoter of market efficiency he is affecting and corrector and enforcer when there is market failure that he has created: Hence, here there is a direct conflict of interest between environmental responsibility and government action.
For example, ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY BEFORE 2012 RIO + 20 UNCSD fell on corporations and consumers as their interaction determines the market price under perfect market thinking, then after 2012 then environmental responsibility shift from corporation and consumers to governments as governments set the pollution management targets the market has to meet making corporations and consumers in essence price-takers.
I do appreciate you took the time to write,
Respectfully yours;
Lucio
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Important pists in the American government are being handed to inexperienced people with worrying political views...Is this goodbye to America's greatness, however that is understood?
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They sold the democratic rights of their interests to those of the oligarchs, that now own them. Presumably that means they will carry on destroying their own ecosystems until everyone dies from their biosphere collapsing.
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Context of situation remains the top serious factor that decides what to say, where and when.
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I am not sure "govern" is the absolute correct term, but many who follow more Functionally-based frameworks would suggest that Pragmatic considerations are certainly important in shaping utterances. Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG), for instance, is a top-down theoretical framework which begins with Pragmatics and proceeds through Semantics, Morpho-syntax and Phonology (and all their interactions) in reaching a phonetic realization. You could check out some basic readings on FDG at https://fdg.humanities.uva.nl/Home_index.asp.
Doubtless others can suggest additional resources in other frameworks.
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Why don't these democracies become autocracies after they become strong, or do these countries have the idea of becoming autocracies?
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because liberal democracy is based on three natural human rights such as: the rights of life, liberty and the right to private property. so that with the help of this system, a human with any special needs can integrate into society.
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Cyber law any other laws in general laws had been always taken advantage of by the ruling parties in Bangladesh. Any suggestion including adding or substracting sections and clauses or say creating a new Act is appreciated. Thank you.
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To improve Bangladesh's cyber laws fairly and prevent misuse by ruling parties, here are key recommendations:
1. **Clarify Legislation Terms**: Define terms like "offensive" and "anti-state" precisely to avoid vague interpretations and misuse.
2. **Judicial Oversight and Independent Panels**: Require court authorization for actions like surveillance and blocking, with independent review committees monitoring major cases.
3. **Digital Rights Protection Act**: Protect digital privacy and speech rights, with clear limits on surveillance powers.
4. **Transparency Mandates**: Annual reports on cyber law enforcement actions and public documentation of content removal/blocking requests.
5. **Tech-Driven Checks**: Use AI to monitor patterns of law enforcement and prevent executive misuse without judicial approval.
6. **Amend Digital Security Act**: Revise or remove contentious clauses, especially those affecting freedom of speech, and introduce protections for whistleblowers.
7. **Cyber Rights Ombudsman**: An independent office to investigate misuse complaints and protect citizens reporting abuses.
8. **Public Participation and Education**: Conduct public consultations for new amendments and educate citizens on their digital rights.
9. **Limit Political Control Over Online Media**: Develop non-partisan media guidelines and special rules to ensure fair enforcement around election times.
These measures aim for transparency, accountability, and international compliance, creating a balanced cyber law framework for Bangladesh.
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Discuss the common strategies that led to dubai aviation success, such as government investment, strategic planning, and leveraging geographic location.
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The success of Dubai's aviation sector is attributed to significant government investments in infrastructure, long-term strategic planning aimed at making the city a global transportation hub, and leveraging its unique geographic location connecting Europe, Asia, and Africa, which has positioned Dubai as a key transit point for passengers and international cargo.
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It has been observed that inspite of the governments efforts to localise the education sector with local teachers still there is a shortage of teachers in the Maldives
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A lot of hard work, too many responsibilities as well as very low income cause shortage of teachers in many countries ...
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some main questions regarding the geometry and matter-energy sources of the universe:
### Questions about Geometry of the Universe
1. **What is the overall geometry of the universe, and how does it influence cosmic structure and evolution?**
2. **How do different curvature models (flat, open, closed) affect our understanding of the universe's fate?**
3. **What observational evidence supports the current understanding of the universe's geometry, particularly from cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation?**
4. **How do gravitational waves contribute to our understanding of the universe's geometry?**
5. **In what ways does general relativity describe the relationship between space-time geometry and the distribution of matter?**
6. **How does the geometry of the universe relate to its expansion rate and the concept of dark energy?**
7. **What implications does the geometry of the universe have for the formation of large-scale structures, such as galaxies and galaxy clusters?**
8. **How can the geometry of the universe be tested through observations of distant supernovae and galaxy distributions?**
### Questions about Matter and Energy Sources of the Universe
1. **What are the primary sources of matter and energy in the universe, and how do they interact?**
2. **How does dark matter influence the formation and behavior of galaxies and larger cosmic structures?**
3. **What role does dark energy play in the universe's expansion and the dynamics of cosmic evolution?**
4. **How do baryonic (normal) matter and non-baryonic matter contribute to the total energy content of the universe?**
5. **What processes govern the conversion of energy into matter and vice versa, particularly in the context of high-energy physics?**
6. **How does the distribution of matter and energy across the universe affect its overall geometry and expansion?**
7. **What are the implications of the matter-energy content of the universe for theories of cosmic inflation?**
8. **How do current observations of cosmic phenomena inform our understanding of the sources and distribution of matter and energy in the universe?**
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Since it seems open ended and expanding,
Hyperbolic works better than elliptic?
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How can governments effectively engage with the food and beverage industry to promote healthier product formulations and marketing practices without overly restrictive regulations?
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Research and Innovation:
Support research and development of healthier food products and technologies.
• Encourage innovation in food formulation, packaging, and marketing to meet consumer demands for healthier options.
Monitoring and Enforcement
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In European countries, what measures do governments or the private sector need to take to deal with the impact of automation and artificial intelligence on the job market?
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Europe strongly focuses on public trust and maintains transparency in AI technologies. It promotes an approach that prioritizes human rights and its social impact.  Europe's artificial intelligence projects strongly commit to ethical AI development. Also emphasizes on member states collaboration and R&D. The legal frameworks proposed AI act, aims at ensuring security, safety, privacy, and ethics. Initiatives like Horizon Europe provide funding for AI research and development nurturing partnerships between academics and industry.
The government should invest in reskilling and upskilling programs to help workers gain new skills. And promote lifelong learning initiatives by providing subsidies and tax benefits. The private sector should prioritize continuous employee development, strategize workforce planning to manage transitions and embrace ethical AI practices. Together, these efforts can help build a resilient and capable workforce to navigate technological change.
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Dear friends!
My 46 yrs. observations in many small, medium and Large scale organisation around 400 companies in India and abroad. I have observed that the person who are working in their field want to do the progress of both Himself and Organisation. But due to lack of knowledge they are unable to do so. Technically rich staffs are decreasing day by day. I would like to suggest such ground level person should be educated in their field for more benefits in the industrial sector. Technical knowledge also required to the end user.They should known what quality they are using. If require end users can help on the shopfloor for the process development.
Government can also take initiative by giving them tax free knowledge by the retired Seniers to the personal who has need for the same. By doing so we can serve the nation as per the vision of the persent Indian Government.
Regards
M. P. Sharma
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In general, this illusion occurs between younger and older generations. One thing we have to keep in mind is that the older generations are more experienced, and the younger generations are more advanced. A three-year-old child knows better how to use acceseris than 30 years old.
Moreover, your boss or teacher may also think the same way you think. We always think from our current position; we forget to think about our past and how we learnt it to be expert
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Find journals
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I want the steps with accurate details from eligible sites from Government based research and scholarly websites or sources
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The process of model writing, especially in academic or government-based research, involves several structured steps. It typically starts with brainstorming, where writers generate as many ideas as possible without worrying about their quality.
This helps clarify the general direction of the model or paper. Next comes outlining, where these ideas are organized into a framework, including an introduction, body, and conclusion.
This step ensures clarity and logical flow. Afterward, a rough draft is developed, focusing on expanding the outline into full sentences and paragraphs. The draft is then revised to improve coherence and adjust content, followed by editing for grammatical and stylistic accuracy.
Finally, polishing the model ensures the writing is refined for the intended audience and purpose.
The references used
Purdued Online Writing Lab (OWL).
Provides a detailed overview of the writing process, covering brainstorming, outlining, drafting, revising, editing, and polishing. Available at Purdue OWL.University of Minnesota's "Writing for Success".
Describes prewriting techniques like brainstorming, idea mapping, and research as key steps in the model writing process. Available at Writing for Success.
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Is this fake or true?
- “Shanghai International Multisearch Co., Ltd., a company founded in 2001 and authorized by the Shanghai Municipal Government. We specialize in providing services and funding options for high-level international talents and experts.
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This company was not found in the app often used to search for business information in China, it would be best to provide the name of the company in Chinese in order to correspond. I would say that the so-called government authorisation is not so much a big unique resource or right, but more of a way to gain access, a very low threshold. Anyway this company is not well known. At least I've never heard of.
Various organisations in China welcome the cooperation of internationally renowned professors and intellectual property, depending on where you want to shake hands and what resources you need from the other side. It is recommended to prioritise working with state-owned institutions, there are too many scammers in private companies. If you need further verification, you can reach me
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I friendly inform do not be any part of elite categories of any governments never listen any rules of any government you shall suffer as hardest as you can as now day entire governments the evil elite is planning for depopulation but you must be smart and safe and keep your family tight safe as you can do not accept anything even you have lot of difficulties however do not serve evils-all global governments are serves to evils especial UN -WHO and other organisation the all plandemic is created by them for their benefits their own all their pharmacies are evil however do not fool yourself to be their servants everything will pass if we are united and get ready for it
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It seems like you Bobby Batatina are expressing a concern about government systems and global organizations. It's understandable to have worries in today's complex world. Time-tested wisdom texts emphasize the importance of integrity, charity, and maintaining just systems for the good of the community. In challenging times, it is suggested in these contexts to unite with others, practice patience, uphold justice, and seek ways to help each other rather than succumbing to fear or division. Everyone is entitled to their beliefs and opinions, but it's important to seek credible information sources and think critically about what we hear and see. If you need any more information or have specific concerns, feel free to share further. It sounds like you're expressing your very deep concerns about government actions, global organizations, and the well-being of individuals and families. It's important to have open discussions about these topics and consider multiple perspectives. Many people share feelings of worry about health, governance, and future challenges.
If you're seeking to protect yourself and your loved ones, consider focusing on community, open communication, and supporting one another. Seeking reliable information from trusted sources can also help you make informed decisions. Remember that engaging in constructive dialogue and fostering understanding can create a stronger foundation for navigating complex issues. If these thoughts are causing you distress, it might be helpful to talk to someone who can provide support.
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"Research is about understanding phenomena, not creating it"
Is creation, experimentation and innovation reserved for entrepreneurs and inventors outside the academic world governed by controllable conditions and expected results?
Do curious researchers have room to ‘play’ and create without having to justify absolutely all their moves and ideas with an exhaustive literature review?
I open debate...
Erika.
03.09.2024
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I believe , research encompasses a wide range of activities, including understanding phenomena, creating new knowledge, and innovating through experimentation. Researchers in various fields often blur the lines between understanding and creation, depending on their approach and goals.
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Is strongly developed economic state interventionism more of an anti-crisis measure reducing the scale, levels and probability of financial and economic crises or does it rather generate and escalate these crises?
Are recent economic and financial crises, including the global financial crisis of 2008, the pandemic economic crisis of 2020, the strong rise in inflation in 2021-2022, the energy crisis of 2022, the recession of the economy of the first half of 2023, the result of overdeveloped state interventionism, manual control of monetary and fiscal policy and deregulation of financial markets?
The research I am conducting shows that the recent economic and financial crises, including the global financial crisis of 2008, the pandemic economic crisis of 2020, the strong increase in inflation in 2021-2022, the energy crisis of 2022, the recession of the economy of the first half of 2023 are the result of overdeveloped state interventionism, the manual control of monetary and fiscal policy and the deregulation of financial markets. From the research I conduct in the problem of the sources of economic, financial and other crises, it follows that strongly developed economic state interventionism is usually undertaken as an anti-crisis and/or pro-development measure aimed at reducing the scale, level and probability of occurrence of financial, economic crises, etc., but, on the other hand, often the mentioned interventionist activity of the government leads to an escalation of risk levels and generates the mentioned crises. Recent years of the Polish economy have been a series of economic crises generated by various factors but also by the government. In 2020, the government, through the introduction of lockdowns and national quarantines, generated a deep recession in the economy, then through the introduction of a large amount of printed money into the economy without coverage in the products and services produced, an increase in inflation was generated from 2021, a particularly deep energy crisis in Poland in 2022 (due to the blocking of the green transformation of the energy sector), an increase in interest rates by the NBP, a decline in investment and a downturn in the economy in 2022 and 2023, up to another recession in the economy in the 1st half of 2023. During the previous years, thanks to the applied chaotic economic policy of the government and monetary policy of the NBP in Poland, one crisis was replaced by another, and so on. And SME companies and enterprises lost a lot thanks to these crises, which were largely generated in previous years thanks to the applied, chaotically conducted, ad hoc, non-strategic, etc. economic policy of the government and monetary policy of the NBP central bank. In 2023, the scale of bankruptcies of companies and enterprises in the SME sector in Poland was the highest for many years. It is therefore necessary to continue research in the problems of the role and importance of economic state interventionism in the context of changes in the rate of economic growth and economic development, and to develop the most appropriate system solutions, economic programs, instruments for activating economic activity, activating innovation, counteracting the development of crises and implementing solutions that will result in increasing the macroeconomic stability of the economy with simultaneous sustainable economic development, including taking into account the implementation of the objectives of sustainable development, the principles of the green economy and closed-loop economy, sustainable and zero-carbon economy.
I am researching this issue. I have published the results of my research in several publications, including the following chapters in a monograph:
"Recent economic crises and the prospective climate crisis of the 21st century and the green transformation of the economy" (Recent economic crises and the prospective climate crisis of the 21st century and the green transformation of the economy).
"Economic and financial crises in the 21st century and the anti-crisis state interventionism that prevents them" (Economic and financial crises in the 21st century and the anti-crisis state interventionism that prevents them)
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
Are the recent economic and financial crises, including the global financial crisis of 2008, the pandemic economic crisis of 2020, the strong increase in inflation in 2021-2022, the energy crisis of 2022, the recession of the economy of the first half of 2023, the result of over-developed state interventionism, the manual control of monetary and fiscal policy and the deregulation of financial markets?
Is strongly developed economic state interventionism an anti-crisis measure that reduces the scale, levels and probability of financial and economic crises, or does it rather generate and escalate these crises?
Does state interventionism reduce the development of financial and economic crises or does it rather generate and escalate these crises?
What do you think about this topic?
What is your opinion on this issue?
Please answer,
I invite everyone to join the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Best regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
The above text is entirely my own work written by me on the basis of my research.
In writing this text, I did not use other sources or automatic text generation systems.
Copyright by Dariusz Prokopowicz
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I have studied this issue mainly in relation to the financial and economic crises that have occurred since the 1990s. One of the important crisis drivers is the misguided monetary policy of central banks. In addition, it happens that during the formation of economic, budgetary, fiscal, etc. policy by government decision-makers, during the implementation of various types of economic programs, the implementation of government state interventionism, mistakes are also made that lead to economic crises, recessions, high unemployment, high inflation. High social costs are generated and responsibility for the mistakes made would be hard to find. On the one hand, economic and financial crises are studied, conclusions are formulated from the research, recommendations are made to improve the processes of shaping economic policy, budget policy, monetary policy, etc. On the other hand, history repeats itself, because analytical mistakes are still being made. I have also devoted my presentations at scientific conferences in recent years to this issue. My presentations from these conferences, in which I included the results of my research, have been posted on my profile of this Research Gate portal. I invite you to join me in scientific collaboration.
In addition, I have included relevant issues of this subject matter in the following publications, among others:
ACTIVATING INTERVENTIONIST MONETARY POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SECURITY OF THE EUROPEAN FINANCIAL SYSTEM
Analysis of the effects of post-2008 anti-crisis mild monetary policy of the Federal Reserve Bank and the European Central Bank
Synergy of post-2008 Anti-Crisis Policy of the Mild Monetary Policy of the Federal Reserve Bank and the European Central Bank
Anti-crisis state intervention and created in media images of global financial crisis
CRISES IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF BUSINESS ENTITIES AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT
What do you think about this?
What is your opinion on this topic?
Are the results of your research similar to mine or different?
Warm greetings
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Basically, i am trying to understand from the literature whether lobbying can also considered an alternative source of financing fiscal deficit.
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Thank you for the reply. Yes, in the literature of public policy, government expenditure influenced by lobbying activities are there. But, i hardly come across with papers where lobbying is perceived as a kind of taxation; which government later on spends on different public policies.
Thank you again.@Chuck A Arize
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What has been the social protection outreach like in Yobe state. Which areas are challenging for the government departments and what capacity building would be most effective? Comparison of the performance in relation to Nigeria as a whole in health and education.
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Recent research on social protection in Yobe State, northeast Nigeria, highlights challenges such as limited coverage and inadequate resources compared to other states. Yobe often faces greater instability and underdevelopment, impacting the effectiveness of social protection programs. Compared to more stable regions, Yobe's programs are less extensive and face more significant implementation hurdles. Other states might benefit from better infrastructure and funding, leading to more comprehensive and effective social protection systems.
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I am writing to urgently seek your help regarding a critical situation in Bangladesh. The government is reportedly preparing to use lethal force against protesters and general civilians. The potential for widespread violence and loss of life is high.
Please assist in any way you can to prevent this violence and protect the lives of innocent people.
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I can't directly intervene, but raising awareness and advocating through international organizations, human rights groups, and media channels can help address such issues. Engaging in peaceful dialogue and supporting efforts for non-violent resolutions is also important.
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Please Help Us Urgently
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I pray for your country. God has justice and power over the international situation.
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"How has Sheikh Hasina's government allegedly responded to student protests, including reports of over 1,000 student deaths and the involvement of the military and police?"
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Reports of over 1,000 student deaths, while contested, suggest that the government's response has included:
  1. Use of Force: Alleged use of police and military force to suppress protests.
  2. Arrests and Detentions: Detaining protesters and activists.
  3. Media Control: Restricting coverage of protests and related incidents.
  4. Political Repression: Cracking down on dissent and opposition voices.
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"How has Leader Sheikh Hasina's government allegedly responded to student protests, including the reported killing of over 500 students, as well as arrests, custody, remand, and the involvement of Bangladesh's army, RAB, police, and BDR?"
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The authorities repeatedly deny that Bangladeshi security forces have committed serious human rights violations including extrajudicial killings, torture, and enforced disappearances, leading to a climate of impunity, Human Rights Watch said. Other governments, including the United Kingdom and the European Union, should place Bangladeshi security forces under increased scrutiny following the designation of human rights sanctions by the US government.
“Bangladeshi authorities have flouted international standards in the past and continue to do so during the ongoing protests,” Ganguly said. “The Sheikh Hasina government should take immediate steps to end the crisis, rein in and punish security forces and her party supporters who have committed serious crimes, and protect the rights of protesting students.
(Citation from the source).
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A timely proposal to the government and free thinking people. Hope you realize its importance and respond to my proposal in your own interest.
As you must have noticed, the fertility power of the land is gradually decreasing. The soil no longer has the capacity to produce crops. Only artificial / chemical fertilizers are producing unhealthy crops, and as a result people are becoming increasingly weak and sick.
However, this will not last long. If proper measures are not taken now, sometime in the near future there will be a famine all around.
In this case, I request you to consider my proposal, and act accordingly. To begin with, people willing to donate dead bodies voluntarily have to use advanced technology to produce organic manure for land from dead bodies and apply that manure to crop land. Hopefully, through this system, the fertility of the land will gradually increase. Along with this, the public should be encouraged to donate their dead bodies. thank you
Best wishes for Green Revolution, Sumeru Ray
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But this one it is a very serious and religious issue, the public will never agree on it, no government will interfere in it, there are other means like animal dead bodies etc., however good proposal for soil degradations and decreasing fertile land. donating human remains to a body farm and human composting—which seemed like a scene from CSI or Bones at first glance. But both are better for the climate than flame cremation, which burns fossil fuels, or conventional burial with embalming and a vault, which turns a cemetery into a toxic landfill. Soil is a non-renewable resource on human time scales with its vulnerability to degradation depending on complex interactions between processes, factors and causes occurring at a range of spatial and temporal scales. Among the major soil degradation processes are accelerated erosion, depletion of the soil organic carbon (SOC) pool and loss in biodiversity, loss of soil fertility and elemental imbalance, acidification and salinization. Graves make soil more fertile and can be reused to agriculture after few years and also to bury new dead bodies. you can choose a burial area in un-consecrated ground. The public can prefer that the soil used for a grave be no more than that dug for that grave. You can see a grave raised above the ground the length of a hand or so.
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Effects of composition of government expenditure on economic growth
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The scope of studying the effects of government expenditure composition on economic growth from 2015 to 2023 could include:
  1. Expenditure Categories: Analyzing different types of government spending (e.g., health, education, infrastructure).
  2. Economic Growth Metrics: Evaluating GDP growth, productivity, and employment rates.
  3. Temporal Trends: Assessing changes over the years and during significant economic events or policy shifts.
  4. Country Comparisons: Comparing findings across different countries or regions.
  5. Policy Implications: Investigating how expenditure composition impacts long-term economic development and policy effectiveness.
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what has the government done to improve accounting practices in SME's in Uganda
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Perhaps the government can apply a whole system approach. I am not 100% aware about Uganda, but a little bit about Namibia.
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Based on different countries the Standards Governing the quality and use of the biogas digestate in agriculture are different can we list down few regulations which can be helpful for the Biogas Industry as a whole?
Are there any regulations or standards governing the quality and use of digestate in agriculture or land application?
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Qasim Ali Thankyou for the summarized details of the regulations and standards of few of the countries which can be followed by India as well and am looking out for the above mentioned standards and the documents which can be referred and made a Standards to be Followed in India as well. Though I have personally gone thru the European and UK regulations and standards and already they have taken care of most of the requirements which can be replicated by other parts of the world
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We are currently trying to calculate the lattice thermal conductivity of several metals (Ni, Cu, Pd, Ag, Pt and Au) using the non-equilibrium Müller-Plathe method in LAMMPS. We are considering big supercells (20x20x20 unit cells, 70k+ atoms) for each elemental metal separately. The interactions between atoms are mediated by the well-known MEAM potential. The heat flux is tallied using the fix thermal/conductivity command, and temperature profiles are recorded using the compute chunk/atom and fix ave/chunk commands. Please find attached the typical input run for reference. We have successfully run this for other systems (molecular liquids governed by OPLS-AA), but for MEAM metals we found that the temperature profiles are basically erratic noise. While the lattice thermal conductivity of metals should low, we do not expect it to be completely negligible.
Is anyone aware of existing problems with the application of the Müller-Plathe method together with the MEAM potential? Is there particular requirements for such a case? We have played with the Nevery and Nswap parameters in the fix thermal/conductivity command with no success.
Thank you in advance for your attention.
*****
include "system.in.init"
read_data "system.data"
include "system.in.settings"
include "system.in.charges"
neigh_modify every 1 delay 0 check yes
variable t equal 0.001
variable T equal 298.0
variable P equal 1.013
variable s equal 5
variable c equal 10000
variable d equal $s*$c
variable kB equal 8.617333262E−5
minimize 1.0e-6 1.0e-8 1000 100000
reset_timestep 0
timestep $t
thermo_style custom step etotal temp press lx ly lz density
thermo 1000
fix 1 all nvt temp $T $T 10.0
run 500000
unfix 1
fix 2 all npt temp $T $T 10.0 iso $P $P 100.0
run 2000000
unfix 2
reset_timestep 0
thermo_style custom step etotal epair ke temp press
thermo 1000
fix 3 all nvt temp $T $T 10.0
run 10000000
unfix 3
reset_timestep 0
fix 4 all nve
fix 5 all thermal/conductivity 100 z 50
compute ke all ke/atom
variable temp atom c_ke/(1.5*${kB})
compute layers all chunk/atom bin/1d z lower 0.02 units reduced
fix MP all ave/chunk $s $c $d layers v_temp file temp.profile ave one
thermo_style custom step etotal epair ke temp press f_5
thermo 1000
run 10000000
unfix MP
unfix 5
unfix 4
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Dear Iván Carrillo-Berdugo,
Thank you for the answer.
Actually, I am a new user of LAMMPS, and I am trying to test thermal conductivity calculations on metals that already have defects in the lattice. For this, I am using the SNAP potential (though I can try EAM as well), but the problem remains the same. I am using the input script provided in the LAMMPS example for the Müller-Plathe method, making changes according to my metal. The variable tdiff is defined in this script.
I have the error :ERROR: Variable tdiff: Fix in variable not computed at a compatible time (src/variable.cpp:1854)
Last command: run 20000
{# sample LAMMPS input script for thermal conductivity of liquid LJ
# Muller-Plathe method via fix thermal_conductivity
# settings
variable x equal 10
variable y equal 10
variable z equal 20
variable rho equal 0.6
variable t equal 1.35
variable rc equal 2.5
#variable rho equal 0.85
#variable t equal 0.7
#variable rc equal 3.0
# setup problem
units lj
atom_style atomic
lattice fcc ${rho}
region box block 0 $x 0 $y 0 $z
create_box 1 box
create_atoms 1 box
mass 1 1.0
velocity all create $t 87287
pair_style lj/cut ${rc}
pair_coeff 1 1 1.0 1.0
neighbor 0.3 bin
neigh_modify delay 0 every 1
# 1st equilibration run
fix 1 all nvt temp $t $t 0.5
thermo 100
run 1000
velocity all scale $t
unfix 1
# 2nd equilibration run
compute ke all ke/atom
variable temp atom c_ke/1.5
fix 1 all nve
compute layers all chunk/atom bin/1d z lower 0.05 units reduced
fix 2 all ave/chunk 10 100 1000 layers v_temp file profile.mp
fix 3 all thermal/conductivity 10 z 20
variable tdiff equal f_2[11][3]-f_2[1][3]
thermo_style custom step temp epair etotal f_3 v_tdiff
thermo_modify colname f_3 E_delta colname v_tdiff dTemp_step
thermo 1000
run 20000
# thermal conductivity calculation
# reset fix thermal/conductivity to zero energy accumulation
fix 3 all thermal/conductivity 10 z 20
variable start_time equal time
variable kappa equal (f_3/(time-${start_time})/(lx*ly)/2.0)*(lz/2.0)/f_ave
fix ave all ave/time 1 1 1000 v_tdiff ave running
thermo_style custom step temp epair etotal f_3 v_tdiff f_ave
thermo_modify colname f_3 E_delta colname v_tdiff dTemp_step colname f_ave dTemp
run 20000
print "Running average thermal conductivity: $(v_kappa:%.2f)"}
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It has been a quite long time since the Russia and Ukraine war has been going on and if we see the context of Geopolitics and International Relations we don't see a mediation between the two parties and ultimately the people of the two countries are facing the circumstances that arise by the governments.
Thanks.
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By invading Ukraine on February 24, 2022 Russia violated Ukraine's territorial integrity. In order for a ceasefire or peace agreement to be achieved, the main obstacle is that Russia must remove its troops from Ukraine, an action that Russia in not willing to make.
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What Are The Main Factors That Lead To Poor Allocation Of Resources In A Country? Your Personal Views - What You Have Seen.
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Resource allocation is important because it boosts efficiency. It also increases productivity and assists companies in cutting costs; allocative inefficiency is usually caused by the price being too high (creating a surplus) or too low (creating a shortage).
In this sense, Kwadwo Boakye , an effective allocation system will optimize utilization rates without overburdening the people.
An example of an inefficient allocation is when a big part of resources are allocated to a single person or organization while no benefits are provided to any other people or organizations.
In the context of an entire economy, resources can be allocated by various means, such as markets, or planning. The allocation of resources in an economy may be considered inefficient when an alternative allocation of resources can increase the production of any commodity even by one unit, keeping the quantity of other goods constant.
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Meadows, D. (1997). Places to Intervene in a System. Whole Earth, 91(1), 78-84.
On P7, it reads:
"In 1986 the US government required that every factory releasing hazardous air pollutants report those emissions publicly. Suddenly everyone could find out precisely what was coming out of the smokestacks in town. There was no law against those emissions, no fines, no determination of "safe" levels, just information. But by 1990 emissions dropped 40 percent. One chemical company that found itself on the Top Ten Polluters list reduced its emissions by 90 percent, just to "get off that list."
This is an exciting story, and I am thinking of using this example to illustrate the effectiveness of information policy instruments in my Environmental Policy course teaching. However, I am wondering, the Clean Air Act was enacted in 1970, and by 1986, there was still no law against emission? No fines? No determination of safe level in the US?
Who can provide a quick answer so that I do not have to dive into the legal documents?
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As a quick answer, I'd be curious to see what the author is citing with regards to that passage since 1990 was when a lot of the major CAA amendments were passed, but the NAAQS dates back to the 1970 CAA which allowed the EPA to promulgate standards for air pollutants based upon standards intended to protect public health and with a reasonable margin of safety. That seems to be a point against the "no law against emissions" and "no determination of 'safe' levels'. I'd have to go back and read some of my notes with regards to fines since they are authorized, but they are context specific and I can't remember the timelines for when they were authorized by statute off hand.
The Congressional Research Service actually has a good write up about this: "Clean Air Act: A Summary of the Act and Its Major Requirements" (2022), https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RL/RL30853
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"The ship of fools (Modern German: Das Narrenschiff, Latin: Stultifera Navis), is an allegory, first appearing in Book VI of Plato's Republic, about a ship with a dysfunctional crew. The allegory is intended to represent the problems of governance prevailing in a political system not based on expert knowledge."
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"Ship of State
Further information: Ship of State
Plato, through the character of Socrates, gives an analogy related to democracy: he asks us to imagine a ship whose owner surpasses all those on the ship in height and strength, but is slightly deaf; his vision is similarly impaired and his knowledge of navigation is just as bad. He then asks us to imagine the sailors, all of whom are arguing about which of them should have control of the helm while none have studied navigation. The sailors don't even know that the craft of navigation existed. All of the sailors try to convince the owner to hand over control of the ship to them, and whichever convinces him becomes the navigator, representing a philosopher-king."
PS: Sailors in this context are politicians who want to rule !?
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What could be the potential consequences of the steadily perennially growing indebtedness of the state's public finance system, including the steadily growing budget deficit and public debt both in relative, indicator terms expressed against the Gross Domestic Product and in terms of absolute numbers expressed in money?
As the indebtedness of the state's public finance system has increased in many countries in recent years, it is increasingly important to consider what categories of risks this may lead to. The increase in the indebtedness of the system of state public finances has occurred mainly in connection with, on the one hand, objective factors such as the occurrence of financial and economic crises that are difficult to predict in advance, and, on the other hand, is the result of misguided economic policies, mistakes made in the framework of the management of the system of state public finances, the formation of the central budgets of the state and/or the financial budgets of local government units, the budgets of state public institutions, etc. Mistakes made in the framework of the formation of fiscal policy are due to, among other things, the mismatch of the expenditure side with the revenue side of the state budget and the specific structure of budget expenditures and receipts. On the other hand, the extent to which the mistakes made will manifest themselves and generate problems in public finances and the financial risks resulting therefrom is also largely likely to result from the economic and financial crises that are appearing with increasing frequency. Over the past few decades of time, the frequency and scale of emerging economic, financial, energy and other crises have been steadily increasing. The financial crisis of the late 20th century generated by the overvaluation and stock market crash of Internet dotcom stocks. Then the global financial crisis of 2008 derived from overly lax monetary policies, overly relaxed mortgage lending policies and moral gambling by financial institutions involved in the process of financing these loans carried out mainly through the issuance and sale of subprime bonds. After a little more than a decade, a pandemic economic crisis emerges in 2020, which is originally derived from the occurrence of panic in the capital markets, when the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020 declares the Covid-19 pandemic state and then the economic crisis and recession of the economy is aggravated by the introduced lockdowns imposed on economic entities operating in selected, service sectors of the economy and the so-called national quarantines also introduced in some countries. During the Covid-19 pandemic in some countries, in order to limit the scale of the increase in unemployment, historically record amounts of added money were introduced into the economy, which is described as a kind of interventionist financial anti-crisis measure. However, the inevitable result of this kind of ultra-lenient fiscal policy and at the same time the relaxed monetary policy also applied at the time with interest rates lowered by central banks was a strong increase in inflation. The increase in inflation caused an increase in the cost of economic activity and a decrease in the economic process activity of companies and enterprises. Then anti-inflationary central banks raised interest rates. The result was an increase in the cost of borrowed money in loans, advances and Treasury debt securities. This then generated a significant decline in the level of investment in many sectors of the economy, a process that worked most rapidly and on the largest scale in the cyclical sectors, i.e., the housing sector, for example. The decline in investment in the housing sector was also associated with a decline in the creditworthiness of potential borrowers interested in buying an apartment or house on credit. In 2022, there was an energy crisis, which was initially inspired by the outbreak of war in Ukraine and then by a strong increase in energy commodity prices. The energy crisis was particularly profound in those countries where, as in Poland, for example, the processes of green energy transition were carried out on a limited scale resulting in energy generation still from conventional combustion energy based on burning fossil fuels, mainly coal and/or lignite. The result of the economic crises of 2020-2022 was the occurrence of economic recession in a large part of the countries in the first half of 2023. During all these crises, many countries anti-crisis increased spending from the state's public finance system, and this despite the decline in tax revenues to the state budget. Thus, the obvious result of these processes and anti-crisis state financial interventionism was an increase in debt in the public finance systems of many countries. By 2024, in some countries, inflation had fallen around the inflation target and the rate of economic growth began to slowly recover from crisis and recessionary levels. However, the level of debt growth in a country's public finance system has been particularly high during this period, and it will probably take many years to reduce this level of debt to a level considered safe on an indicator basis (3 percent budget deficit to GDP and 50 percent public debt to GDP) even with certain restrictive fiscal policies and tightening monetary policy. The key issue of the problem of the growth of the debt of the public finance system of the state is that it is not a current problem, but, first of all, it is a prospective problem, the scale of which will grow in the future over the next decades of time, and not only in underdeveloped and developing countries but also in highly developed countries. The reason is the progressive process of changes in the demographic structure of society commonly referred to as population aging. Therefore, in the future, the scale of the risk of an increase in the indebtedness of the system of public finances of the state, the occurrence of a debt crisis of public finances and the deconstructive action of this process will unfortunately increase.
I have also described many of these above-mentioned aspects in my publications posted on my profile of this Research Gate portal.
I am researching this issue. I have published the results of my research in several publications, including the following chapters in a monograph:
“Recent economic crises and the prospective climate crisis of the 21st century and the green transformation of the economy” (Recent economic crises and the prospective climate crisis of the 21st century and the green transformation of the economy).
“Economic and financial crises in the 21st century and the anti-crisis state interventionism that prevents them” (Economic and financial crises in the 21st century and the anti-crisis state interventionism that prevents them)
The key issues of the problematic sources of Poland's exceptionally deep energy cross in 2022 are described in my co-authored article below:
POLAND'S 2022 ENERGY CRISIS AS A RESULT OF THE WAR IN UKRAINE AND YEARS OF NEGLECT TO CARRY OUT A GREEN TRANSFORMATION OF THE ENERGY SECTOR
I described the issue of the importance of activating entrepreneurship and innovation of business entities for economic development in the article:
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
What could be the potential consequences of the steadily increasing indebtedness of the state's public finance system over many years, including the steadily increasing budget deficit and public debt both in relative, indicator terms expressed against the Gross Domestic Product and in terms of absolute numbers expressed in money?
What could be the potential consequences of the steadily increasing debt of the state's public finance system in multi-year terms?
What do you think about this topic?
What is your opinion on this issue?
Please answer,
I invite everyone to join the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Thank you,
Best regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
The above text is entirely my own work written by me on the basis of my research.
In writing this text, I did not use other sources or automatic text generation systems.
Copyright by Dariusz Prokopowicz
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  • Higher Interest Costs: As public debt increases, the government has to pay more in interest, diverting funds from other essential services and investments.
  • Reduced Fiscal Space: A growing debt limits the government's ability to respond to economic crises and invest in growth-promoting areas, constraining future fiscal policies.
  • Increased Borrowing Costs: Persistent high debt can lead to higher borrowing costs for the government as investors demand higher yields on bonds to compensate for increased risk.
  • Crowding Out of Private Investment: High public debt can lead to higher interest rates overall, which might reduce private sector investment, negatively impacting economic growth.
  • Potential for Fiscal Crisis: Extremely high levels of debt can lead to loss of investor confidence, resulting in a fiscal crisis where the government might struggle to meet its debt obligations .
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To be valid in the process, digital evidence must be free of defects and no rights have been infringed during its acquisition. In this sense, its treatment must adhere to the principles of evidence that govern its legality.
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The principle of immaculateness in digital evidence ensures evidence remains unaltered and reliable for legal proceedings. Key aspects include maintaining a strict chain of custody, using standardized forensic methods, authenticating the evidence, ensuring its admissibility in court, defending against legal challenges, implementing technological safeguards, adhering to professional standards, and managing the impact on investigation complexity.
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govt policy
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European Union is a very good example to look at. After the year 2022 and the excessive decrease in availability of natural resources the demand/supply created a spike in prices. Ultimately it lead to energy companies having enormous turnover.
Governments usually respond with increasing taxes or creating new ones. However, the taxes are of temporary character.
Naturally price volatility of the resources the companies are working with is a big factor in the price process. With this in mind we not need to only focus on internal policies, but external as well (i.e. the export tax, maritime trade tax,...) but also the import tax.
Regulations are in many cases consulted with the big energy companies prior to their installment.
Lastly, it must be kept in mind that as the basic principle of economics, a healthy company tries to make as big profit as possible. With this in mind companies usually hand over the regulation results to their consumers (increasing final prices).
In conclusion, we need to look at regulations of internal but also external character, further a question of different source should be imposed. How are the regulations helping the final consumers of the services?
And yes, we may also look at the renewable energy, the market usually responds well to having a stand in the renewable sector.
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I want to do research on role of radio in promoting relationship between Pakistan and China. China has established a FM radio station in Pakistan. According to my knowledge, So far, research work has not been carried out in Pakistan on FM 98 Dosti Channel. So, please guide me how i can go ahead in carrying out research on this initiative of Chinese government in Pakistan
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Many countries have operated external broadcasters and bought time on radio stations to reach international audiences. The trend of purchasing and operating radio stations outright seems a natural extension of this practice.
Today, platforms like YouTube carry news channels from various countries such as TRT World, Al Jazeera, France 24, DW, BBC, and CGTN, demonstrating the soft power effect of media products—similar to Hollywood and Netflix, which can be seen as part of media imperialism. Despite the rise of digital media, radio remains a significant medium for many populations.
China has followed this trend, establishing radio stations (or programming links) in various countries, including the USA, Kenya, and Down Under. For instance, WCRW outside of Washington DC used to carry China-oriented programming. And in Kenya, China Radio International can be heard on 91.9 FM.
To answer your question about research on FM 98 Dosti Channel, there are several interesting angles to consider. Your approach will depend on what you aim to uncover. If you are interested in the programming itself, a content analysis would be beneficial. This method was effective in my previous research on taxi driver radio in Thailand, where (years ago) a community LPFM carried an interview with Thaksin despite government restrictions (I have a public text of that which you can access on my RG page).
Alternatively, if you're interested in audience reception, or perhaps both programming and audience reactions, a mixed-methods approach might be suitable. Start with a thorough content analysis of the aired programming. This can be followed by a second study focusing on audience reception, beginning with focus groups to gather initial insights. From these focus groups, you could develop a questionnaire for a larger audience if needed. Typically, 4-5 focus groups with 5-8 participants each should suffice for the initial phase. A third study could involve distributing a questionnaire for a quantitative approach, but the first two approaches/studies should provide substantial insights into the situation.
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What role do government policies and incentives play in promoting sustainable agricultural practices in India?
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congratulates.
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Under perfect market paradigm shift avoidance, the responsibilities of governments and of corporations in development change, which raises the question: Under perfect market paradigm shift avoidance, who is to be blamed if social and/or environmental systems collapse, governments or corporations? Why?
Who do you think is to be blamed? And why do you think that is the case?
A short answer who and why is the best.
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Blaming either governments or corporations exclusively for social and environmental collapses under a perfect market paradigm shift avoidance oversimplifies a complex issue. Both entities play significant roles in shaping policies, regulations, and practices affecting these systems (Bäckstrand & Lövbrand, 2016). Governments are responsible for setting and enforcing regulations to protect society and the environment, while corporations must prioritize ethical and sustainable practices (Amaeshi et al., 2016). Failure often stems from a lack of collaboration and accountability between them, highlighting the need for shared responsibility and cooperative solutions (Bansal & Hoffman, 2012). Thus, assigning blame should focus on encouraging collaboration rather than attributing sole responsibility.
  1. Bäckstrand, K., & Lövbrand, E. (2016). Researching the Politics of Climate Change: Where Are We Now and Where Do We Go from Here? WIREs Climate Change, 7(1), 23-42.
  2. Amaeshi, K., Adegbite, E., Ogbechie, C., & Idemudia, U. (2016). Corporate Social Responsibility in Challenging and Non-enabling Institutional Contexts: Do Institutional Voids Matter? Journal of Business Ethics, 134(1), 135-153.
  3. Bansal, P., & Hoffman, A. J. (2012). The Oxford Handbook of Business and the Natural Environment. Oxford University Press.
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Evaluate the effectiveness of government policies and interventions aimed at addressing agricultural challenges in India, assessing their impact on farmers' income, sustainability, and social well-being.
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Assessing the effectiveness of government policies and interventions aimed at addressing agricultural challenges in India is a complex task that requires consideration of various factors. Here's an evaluation highlighting both positive and negative aspects:
1. Positive Aspects:
- Green Revolution: Government initiatives like the Green Revolution in the 1960s and 70s significantly increased agricultural productivity through the introduction of high-yielding varieties of seeds, fertilizers, and irrigation infrastructure.
- Subsidies: Various subsidies provided by the government on fertilizers, seeds, and irrigation equipment have helped farmers reduce production costs and improve yields.
- Technology Adoption: Programs promoting the adoption of modern agricultural technologies, such as drip irrigation and precision farming, have helped in water conservation and efficient resource utilization.
- Market Support: Government procurement at Minimum Support Prices (MSPs) for crops like wheat and rice provides farmers with price stability and income support.
2. Negative Aspects:
- Subsidy Distribution: Subsidies often do not reach small and marginal farmers effectively due to bureaucratic inefficiencies and corruption. Large farmers tend to benefit more from these subsidies.
- Inadequate Infrastructure: Insufficient investment in rural infrastructure such as roads, storage facilities, and market linkages hampers the efficient movement of goods and leads to post-harvest losses.
- Fragmented Land Holdings: Land fragmentation remains a significant challenge, reducing economies of scale and making mechanization difficult.
- Climate Change Vulnerability: Despite some efforts, policies often inadequately address the challenges posed by climate change, such as erratic weather patterns and water scarcity.
3. Policy Reforms:
- Agricultural Reforms: Recent reforms like the Agricultural Produce Market Committee (APMC) Act amendment and the Farmers' Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Act aim to liberalize agricultural markets, allowing farmers to sell their produce outside of traditional markets. However, these reforms have faced opposition and implementation challenges.
- Investment in Research and Development: Continued investment in agricultural research and development is essential to develop climate-resilient crop varieties and sustainable farming practices.
4. Social Impact:
- Farmers' Welfare: Despite various policies, farmer distress, including suicides, persists due to factors like debt burden, crop failures, and lack of social security measures.
- Rural-Urban Migration: Limited employment opportunities in the agricultural sector lead to rural-urban migration, straining urban infrastructure and exacerbating poverty in rural areas.
In conclusion, while government policies and interventions have had some positive impacts on Indian agriculture, there remain significant challenges that need to be addressed. Reforms focused on improving subsidy distribution, rural infrastructure, climate resilience, and market access, along with investments in research and development, are crucial for sustainable agricultural growth and farmers' welfare.
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In the Netherlands, there is much concern about the distance between citizens and government and the lack of mutual trust in each other. Some say this is a result of technology - algorithms and automation of many activities are making the relationship between government and citizen (national but also local) increasingly businesslike and formal. AI could further increase this distance. There are also those who believe that AI can actually help make government more human and improve government-citizen contact. What do you guys think about this and are there people here who know of concrete examples or studies where AI is helping to make government more trusting and human?
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the answer is NO!
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The question talks about how political actors behave in relation to political arena.
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Conversely, in my opinion the idea of clientelism can obviously leads to a corrupt government. In other words, the concept of clientelism often result to a corrupt government due to the exchange of favors for political support, compromising the issue of transparency and accountability.
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What does human ability depend on throughout the history of science? Can governments and statesmen give research a faster path? Is it possible to gather researchers in one place instead of brain drain and give a new direction so that the whole world community can benefit from it, like this Spinger magazine in Germany?
What does human ability depend on throughout the history of science? Can governments and statesmen give research a faster path? Is it possible to gather researchers in one place instead of brain drain and give a new direction so that the whole world community can benefit from it, like this Spinger magazine in Germany?
We humans can plan for the future, and in my opinion, we can use this science for all of our society, and this is not possible unless we use it for all of the world society, like the German Spinger magazine, and this magazine, in my opinion, should be wider than This journal can work and when the stages of science and research in the society become more widespread, we can use it for all the world society and everyone will enter into these researches and all societies will achieve progress, provided that the right of the researcher is also taken into account. And it should not be that the researchers do scientific work and not be given any rights and privileges, and it is not fair that the researchers have the world. And I suggest to Spinger magazine to take the rights and rights of the researchers and give them to the researchers. Thank you for the German magazine Spinger.
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With respect to the history of science, the Manhattan Project is such an example of research acceleration and building an academic assembly line Abbas Kashani . Today, AI tools can to accerlate such projects without locating scientists in one place.
Imo only, your question should also consider the ethical implications of scientific developments.
________
All of our exalted technological progress, civilization for that matter, is comparable to an axe in the hand of a pathological criminal.
— Albert Einstein
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As the article written by Kavuvalu, BM., et al., (2022), there are multiple areas of blood banking related services that are being hindered by problems. A singular medical institution cannot solve a problem in this scale alone, in which it will need all the help it can receive. Additionally, government is linked to the maintenance of public health and safety to where it is responsible for healthcare advancement. In totality, what specific actions can the national or local government do to mitigate the problems present in the article that can also be seen in other third-world countries?
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According to the study of Narayanan & Rajan (2020), some of the main recurring barriers in recruiting voluntary blood donors were fear of needles and pain, lack of awareness about blood donation, and accessibility problems. Therefore, to address the problem of fear and lack of awareness, the government can implement outreach campaigns to raise awareness regarding blood donation. As for the accessibility problems, mobile blood donation units equipped with the necessary facilities can be established to conduct blood donation drives in various areas to make blood donation more accessible to a wider population. In addition, organizing community outreach events in collaboration with local organizations and religious institutions can provide opportunities to donate on-site. Partnerships with transportation services can also be arranged to offer discounted or even free transportation to and from blood donation centers.
As for obtaining equipment capital, government funding or grants can be allocated to blood banking facilities to acquire and maintain necessary equipment, such as blood collection devices, refrigeration units, and testing instruments, ensuring smooth operations and quality assurance.
Lastly, in mitigating the spread of infections, the government can establish and enforce regulations to ensure strict adherence to infection control protocols within blood banking facilities, thus minimizing the risk of spreading infections through donated blood products. Besides the enforcement of regulations, the mitigation of infections spread through blood transfusions can also be related to the government funding for equipment since, according to the World Health Organization (2021), integrating standardized equipment can lead to significantly improved component safety and quality.
REFERENCES:
  1. Narayanan, D., & Rajan, A. (2020). A Study of Motivational Factors, Incentive Preferences, and Unpleasant Events during Blood Donation among Blood Donors. Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences, 9(49), 3735–3738. https://doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2020/820
  2. Guidance on centralization of blood donation testing and processing. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
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According to University of Scranton psychologist John Norcross there are around 500 types of psychotherapies. My question is that why we (professional in field of mental health) keep on developing these therapies uselessly (wasting time and energy as well as fund given by government bodies) that because ultimately we will come to eclectic approach (A safe side)
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You are right to state Priyesh Kumar Singh that the field of mental health still needs a more scientific approach.
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Lately, it appears that a narcissistic group of corrupt wealthy tyrants believe that human beings somehow are tradeable property, as in an asset and not a sovereign being.
Are human beings property?
Are governments corporations?
If the answer to these questions is yes, then the governments of the world, whether elected, self-determined by coercion and threat, or by imperialistic expansion and takeover are criminal enterprises in violation of the very corporate laws that have been established.
While this should come as no surprise to anyone, after all, throughout history organized power comes from overpowering the divided population, what should be clear is the need to declare and protect all human sovereignty, and to remove fake divisions that weaken humanity but give strength to powerful governments that seek dominion, ownership and enslavery of humanity.
Humanity is a God-given miracle. It is not a creation of a test tube experiment or a piece of property.
God's children are never for sale and those who trade in human beings, human body parts and human spirits are doing so against nature.
Distractions, such as gender movements, racial attacks, climate hoax schemes, money control and revisionist education all are intended to divide, then conquer, a population that has trusted authorities with no rational reason.
The facts are, whether via the Crown, the Kingdoms, the Districts, the Territorial Treaties, all were devised as schemes that have no natural roots, and are based entirely on coercion, extortion, threats, and idolization of power and dominion over humanity, with the false premise that humanity represents property with ownership rights.
It is time to Re-Think the equation for civilized society, and a dismantling of the current power structures is a beginning.
Unfortunately, whatever new version of societal governance is established, history suggests that it will merely repeat its past, much as we are currently recreating WWI,WWII and we are in WWIII, with the failure of fiat currencies and the desperate attempts by the central banks to hang on to their control of humanity via central bank digital currency.
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The potential misuse of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) raises valid concerns, particularly in contexts where democratic principles are weak or absent. If not implemented with stringent safeguards, transparency, and accountability, there is a risk that CBDCs could indeed become tools that amplify the power of the state over individuals. The digital nature of CBDCs allows for unprecedented oversight and control over financial transactions, which could be leveraged to suppress dissent, monitor personal activities, and enforce compliance through financial means.
In countries where democracy and respect for human rights are already under threat, the introduction of CBDCs without adequate protections could further entrench authoritarian regimes, providing them with powerful mechanisms to control the economy and, by extension, the populace. The design and deployment of CBDCs must therefore be accompanied by robust legal frameworks that protect individual freedoms, ensure privacy, and prevent government overreach. This includes mechanisms for oversight, checks and balances, and assurances that the digital currency cannot be used as a weapon against the citizenry.
The pessimistic view towards CBDCs and their potential for misuse underscores the importance of vigilance, public discourse, and the active participation of civil society in shaping the policies governing the introduction of new technologies by states. While CBDCs have the potential to revolutionize financial systems, making them more efficient and inclusive, their implementation must be approached with caution, ensuring they serve the public good without compromising fundamental freedoms.
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**Title: Understanding Tidal Forces: Nature's Invisible Hand**
**Abstract:**
Tidal forces, a consequence of gravitational interaction between celestial bodies, play a crucial role in shaping various aspects of our planet and the universe. This article provides an in-depth exploration of tidal forces, their mechanisms, effects, and significance in astronomy, geology, and oceanography. Through a blend of scientific explanation and real-world examples, we elucidate the intricate workings of tidal forces, shedding light on their influence on Earth's oceans, the formation of celestial bodies, and the dynamics of cosmic structures. Furthermore, we discuss recent advancements in tidal force research and its implications for understanding the fundamental forces governing the universe.
**Introduction:**
Tidal forces, often described as the gentle tug of celestial bodies, hold profound importance in our understanding of the cosmos. Stemming from the gravitational interaction between massive objects, tidal forces exhibit a remarkable influence on various natural phenomena, ranging from the rhythmic rise and fall of ocean tides to the shaping of galaxies and planetary systems. In this article, we embark on a journey to unravel the mysteries of tidal forces, exploring their origins, manifestations, and significance across different scales of the universe.
**Origins and Mechanisms:**
At its core, tidal force arises from the gravitational attraction between two celestial bodies, resulting in a deformation of their respective structures. The differential gravitational pull experienced across the bodies leads to the phenomenon known as tidal deformation. For instance, when a moon orbits a planet, the gravitational pull on the near and far sides of the moon varies, causing tidal bulges to form. This asymmetrical distribution of mass generates tidal forces that exert a torque on the orbiting bodies, influencing their rotational dynamics.
**Effects on Earth:**
On Earth, tidal forces manifest primarily through the gravitational interaction between the Moon, Sun, and our planet. The gravitational pull of the Moon creates tidal bulges in Earth's oceans, giving rise to the familiar phenomenon of ocean tides. Additionally, the Sun's gravitational influence contributes to the complex tidal patterns observed on our planet. Tidal forces not only govern the rhythmic ebb and flow of tides but also play a crucial role in oceanic circulation, coastal erosion, and marine ecosystems.
**Cosmic Significance:**
Beyond Earth, tidal forces sculpt the landscapes of celestial bodies and drive dynamic processes in the cosmos. In planetary systems, tidal interactions between moons and their parent planets lead to orbital resonances, tidal heating, and even the eventual disruption of moons. Tidal forces also influence the formation and evolution of galaxies, triggering the accretion of interstellar gas and shaping the distribution of stars within galactic structures.
**Recent Advances and Future Prospects:**
Advancements in observational astronomy and computational modeling have enabled scientists to gain deeper insights into tidal force phenomena. High-resolution simulations and space-based telescopes have provided unprecedented views of tidal interactions in distant galaxies and planetary systems. Moreover, ongoing missions to study tidal forces in our solar system, such as NASA's Europa Clipper mission, promise to unveil new discoveries about the dynamics of icy moons and their subsurface oceans.
**Conclusion:**
In conclusion, tidal forces represent a fundamental aspect of the gravitational interaction between celestial bodies, exerting a pervasive influence on the dynamics of the universe. From the rhythmic ebb and flow of ocean tides to the sculpting of galaxies and planetary systems, tidal forces shape the fabric of our cosmic environment. By delving deeper into the mechanisms and effects of tidal forces, we expand our understanding of the intricate interplay between gravitational forces and the evolution of celestial phenomena.
**References:**
- Darwin, G. H. (1879). On the Tidal Friction of a Planet Attended by Several Satellites, and on the Evolution of the Solar System from the Primeval State. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 170, 447-538.
- Goldreich, P., & Soter, S. (1966). Q in the Solar System. Icarus, 5(4), 375-389.
- Murray, C. D., & Dermott, S. F. (1999). Solar System Dynamics (Vol. 30). Cambridge University Press.
- Greenberg, R. (2009). Tidal Heating of Satellites. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 47(1), 1-40.
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According to my atomic model and my calculations in the nucleus of the atom: a magnetic ring from the earth has landed on the moon, holding the north and south of the moon like a claw. Now you connect the center of the moon's core to the center of the earth's core with a string. According to my calculations, at the point of contact of the string with the ground, surface pressures are exerted on the ground.
These surface pressures in the sun are like sunspots. The movement of the planets around the sun causes the contact point of the string between the planet and the sun to move on the surface of the sun and causes the sunspots to move.The largest spot is from the planet Jupiter, which coincides with a complete rotation of Jupiter, and the movement of the spot takes between 11 and 12 years.
As a result, some earthquakes may be celestial. When a large mass vibrates violently around the Earth, its contact surface also vibrates.
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Sustainability is a long-term goal for our society to meet the needs of economic growth at its current speed with the least amount of impact on the environment. But it’s more than preserving the natural world and its fragile ecologies. It's about enabling growth and development of businesses and government entities so that all parts of society work in harmony to ensure that future generations have the natural resources needed to survive.
Sustainability is our society’s ability to exist and develop without depleting all of the natural resources needed to live in the future. Sustainable development supports this long-term goal with the implementation of systems, frameworks, and support from global, national, and local entities.
The concept of sustainability is built on the notion that natural resources on Earth are finite, so supporting sustainable practices helps maintain a balance between environment, economy, and equity [1]. It’s the movement and energy behind ensuring that Earth can continue to be liveable, all the while controlling and reducing resource depletion.
Why is sustainability important?
Sustainability is important for preserving our planet and natural resources like water and air. Building a sustainable future and cultivating sustainable ways of living will reduce pollution and protect habitats of plants and animals.
A key part of sustainability involves sustainable business practices and economic development, including green technology, eco-friendly supply chains, and more. When businesses and government follow sustainable sustainable practices, it creates a ripple effect on individuals and communities to decrease greenhouse gas emissions and fossil fuels. All of this contributes to a better quality of life.
Three pillars of sustainability
The three pillars of sustainability (environmental, economic, and social) can help us to pave a path toward a sustainable future.
Environmental sustainability: The principle of maintaining ecological integrity and ensuring that Earth’s environmental systems remain balanced as natural resources such as air, water, soil, forests, and animals are being consumed by humans.
Economic sustainability: The goal for humans on Earth to maintain independence and be able to get a job or acquire other resources to meet their needs. Economic systems must be in place and accessible to all.
Social sustainability: The principle of ensuring that basic human needs are attainable by all and that there are enough resources available to all within a community. Strong social systems can ensure healthy, happy communities whose human rights such as labor, health care, and equality are respected.
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Sustainability is the practice of meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It involves considering economic, social, and environmental factors to ensure that resources are used in a way that preserves them for future use.
Sustainability is important for several reasons:
  1. Environmental Protection: By practicing sustainability, we can protect ecosystems, conserve biodiversity, and reduce pollution, which are critical for the health of the planet.
  2. Resource Conservation: Sustainable practices help conserve resources such as water, energy, and raw materials, ensuring that they are available for future generations.
  3. Social Equity: Sustainability promotes social equity by ensuring that resources and opportunities are available to all, regardless of income or background.
  4. Economic Prosperity: Sustainable practices can lead to economic prosperity by promoting innovation, efficiency, and long-term economic stability.
  5. Climate Change Mitigation: Sustainability plays a crucial role in mitigating climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting renewable energy sources.
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**Title: Understanding Tidal Forces: Nature's Invisible Hand**
**Abstract:**
Tidal forces, a consequence of gravitational interaction between celestial bodies, play a crucial role in shaping various aspects of our planet and the universe. This article provides an in-depth exploration of tidal forces, their mechanisms, effects, and significance in astronomy, geology, and oceanography. Through a blend of scientific explanation and real-world examples, we elucidate the intricate workings of tidal forces, shedding light on their influence on Earth's oceans, the formation of celestial bodies, and the dynamics of cosmic structures. Furthermore, we discuss recent advancements in tidal force research and its implications for understanding the fundamental forces governing the universe.
**Introduction:**
Tidal forces, often described as the gentle tug of celestial bodies, hold profound importance in our understanding of the cosmos. Stemming from the gravitational interaction between massive objects, tidal forces exhibit a remarkable influence on various natural phenomena, ranging from the rhythmic rise and fall of ocean tides to the shaping of galaxies and planetary systems. In this article, we embark on a journey to unravel the mysteries of tidal forces, exploring their origins, manifestations, and significance across different scales of the universe.
**Origins and Mechanisms:**
At its core, tidal force arises from the gravitational attraction between two celestial bodies, resulting in a deformation of their respective structures. The differential gravitational pull experienced across the bodies leads to the phenomenon known as tidal deformation. For instance, when a moon orbits a planet, the gravitational pull on the near and far sides of the moon varies, causing tidal bulges to form. This asymmetrical distribution of mass generates tidal forces that exert a torque on the orbiting bodies, influencing their rotational dynamics.
**Effects on Earth:**
On Earth, tidal forces manifest primarily through the gravitational interaction between the Moon, Sun, and our planet. The gravitational pull of the Moon creates tidal bulges in Earth's oceans, giving rise to the familiar phenomenon of ocean tides. Additionally, the Sun's gravitational influence contributes to the complex tidal patterns observed on our planet. Tidal forces not only govern the rhythmic ebb and flow of tides but also play a crucial role in oceanic circulation, coastal erosion, and marine ecosystems.
**Cosmic Significance:**
Beyond Earth, tidal forces sculpt the landscapes of celestial bodies and drive dynamic processes in the cosmos. In planetary systems, tidal interactions between moons and their parent planets lead to orbital resonances, tidal heating, and even the eventual disruption of moons. Tidal forces also influence the formation and evolution of galaxies, triggering the accretion of interstellar gas and shaping the distribution of stars within galactic structures.
**Recent Advances and Future Prospects:**
Advancements in observational astronomy and computational modeling have enabled scientists to gain deeper insights into tidal force phenomena. High-resolution simulations and space-based telescopes have provided unprecedented views of tidal interactions in distant galaxies and planetary systems. Moreover, ongoing missions to study tidal forces in our solar system, such as NASA's Europa Clipper mission, promise to unveil new discoveries about the dynamics of icy moons and their subsurface oceans.
**Conclusion:**
In conclusion, tidal forces represent a fundamental aspect of the gravitational interaction between celestial bodies, exerting a pervasive influence on the dynamics of the universe. From the rhythmic ebb and flow of ocean tides to the sculpting of galaxies and planetary systems, tidal forces shape the fabric of our cosmic environment. By delving deeper into the mechanisms and effects of tidal forces, we expand our understanding of the intricate interplay between gravitational forces and the evolution of celestial phenomena.
**References:**
- Darwin, G. H. (1879). On the Tidal Friction of a Planet Attended by Several Satellites, and on the Evolution of the Solar System from the Primeval State. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 170, 447-538.
- Goldreich, P., & Soter, S. (1966). Q in the Solar System. Icarus, 5(4), 375-389.
- Murray, C. D., & Dermott, S. F. (1999). Solar System Dynamics (Vol. 30). Cambridge University Press.
- Greenberg, R. (2009). Tidal Heating of Satellites. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 47(1), 1-40.
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I'm forwarding the AI's response to the forum.
ChatGPT 3.5
📷
"You
Здравствуйте, уважаемая GPT 3.5 Я прошу вас сделать приближенный расчет силы притяжения Луны к Земле.
ChatGPT
ChatGPT
Конечно, с удовольствием помогу с этим расчетом.
Сила притяжения между Луной и Землей можно вычислить с использованием закона всемирного притяжения Ньютона. Формула для расчета этой силы выглядит следующим образом:
�=�×�1×�2�2F=G×r2m1​×m2​​
Где:
  • F - сила притяжения между Луной и Землей,
  • G - гравитационная постоянная, приблизительно 6.674×10−11 Н⋅м2/кг26.674×10−11Н⋅м2/кг2,
  • �1m1​ и �2m2​ - массы Луны и Земли соответственно,
  • r - расстояние между центрами масс Луны и Земли.
Масса Луны �1≈7.35×1022 кгm1​≈7.35×1022кг, а масса Земли �2≈5.972×1024 кгm2​≈5.972×1024кг. Расстояние между центрами масс Луны и Земли составляет приблизительно �≈384,400 кмr≈384,400км (среднее расстояние между ними).
Подставляя значения в формулу, мы можем вычислить приближенную силу притяжения:
�=6.674×10−11×7.35×1022×5.972×1024(384,400×103)2F=6.674×10−11×(384,400×103)27.35×1022×5.972×1024​
�≈1.99×1020 НF≈1.99×1020Н
Таким образом, приближенная сила притяжения между Луной и Землей составляет около 1.99×1020 Н1.99×1020Н.
📷
You
Напомните, пожалуйста размерность Н.
ChatGPT
Конечно, единица измерения "Н" обозначает ньютон, который является единицей измерения силы в системе Международной системы единиц (СИ). Сила, измеряемая в ньютонах, определяется как масса, умноженная на ускорение:
1 Н=1 кг×1 мс21Н=1кг×с21м​
Это означает, что один ньютон — это сила, которая приложена к массе в один килограмм и приводит её к ускорению в один метр в квадрате за секунду (м/с²).
📷
You
Большое спасибо. Объедините, пожалуйста первый ответ и второй и переведите его на английский. Я это отправлю ученым и студентам на форуме ученых.
ChatGPT
"
Certainly! Here's the combined response in English:
Hello esteemed GPT 3.5,
I request you to make an approximate calculation of the gravitational force of the Moon on Earth.
Certainly, I'll assist you with this calculation.
The gravitational force between the Moon and Earth can be calculated using Newton's law of universal gravitation. The formula for calculating this force is as follows:
�=�×�1×�2�2F=G×r2m1​×m2​​
Where:
  • F is the gravitational force between the Moon and Earth,
  • G is the gravitational constant, approximately 6.674×10−11 N⋅m2/kg26.674×10−11N⋅m2/kg2,
  • �1m1​ and �2m2​ are the masses of the Moon and Earth respectively,
  • r is the distance between the centers of mass of the Moon and Earth.
The mass of the Moon �1≈7.35×1022 kgm1​≈7.35×1022kg, and the mass of the Earth �2≈5.972×1024 kgm2​≈5.972×1024kg. The distance between the centers of mass of the Moon and Earth is approximately �≈384,400 kmr≈384,400km (average distance between them).
Substituting the values into the formula, we can calculate the approximate gravitational force:
�=6.674×10−11×7.35×1022×5.972×1024(384,400×103)2F=6.674×10−11×(384,400×103)27.35×1022×5.972×1024​
�≈1.99×1020 NF≈1.99×1020N
Therefore, the approximate gravitational force between the Moon and Earth is about 1.99×1020 N1.99×1020N.
Thank you! If you have any further questions or need clarification, feel free to ask."
Как Вы полагаете, этой силы достаточно, чтоб создать прилив в океане?
GPT:
Да, сила притяжения между Луной и Землей вполне достаточна для создания приливов в океане. Этот феномен называется приливами, и он обусловлен гравитационным влиянием Луны и, в меньшей степени, Солнца на Землю.
Приливы возникают из-за разницы в силе притяжения гравитационных полей Луны и Земли на разных сторонах Земли. Как следствие, вода в океанах перемещается в направлении, которое выравнивает эту разницу, создавая приливные волны.
Таким образом, сила притяжения Луны играет ключевую роль в создании приливов на Земле.
Yes, the gravitational force between the Moon and Earth is indeed sufficient to create tides in the ocean. This phenomenon is called tides, and it is caused by the gravitational influence of the Moon and, to a lesser extent, the Sun on Earth.
Tides occur due to the difference in gravitational force between the Moon and Earth's gravitational fields on different sides of the Earth. As a result, water in the oceans moves in a way that equalizes this difference, creating tidal waves.
Thus, the gravitational force of the Moon plays a key role in generating tides on Earth.
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**Title: Understanding Tidal Forces: Nature's Invisible Hand**
**Abstract:**
Tidal forces, a consequence of gravitational interaction between celestial bodies, play a crucial role in shaping various aspects of our planet and the universe. This article provides an in-depth exploration of tidal forces, their mechanisms, effects, and significance in astronomy, geology, and oceanography. Through a blend of scientific explanation and real-world examples, we elucidate the intricate workings of tidal forces, shedding light on their influence on Earth's oceans, the formation of celestial bodies, and the dynamics of cosmic structures. Furthermore, we discuss recent advancements in tidal force research and its implications for understanding the fundamental forces governing the universe.
**Introduction:**
Tidal forces, often described as the gentle tug of celestial bodies, hold profound importance in our understanding of the cosmos. Stemming from the gravitational interaction between massive objects, tidal forces exhibit a remarkable influence on various natural phenomena, ranging from the rhythmic rise and fall of ocean tides to the shaping of galaxies and planetary systems. In this article, we embark on a journey to unravel the mysteries of tidal forces, exploring their origins, manifestations, and significance across different scales of the universe.
**Origins and Mechanisms:**
At its core, tidal force arises from the gravitational attraction between two celestial bodies, resulting in a deformation of their respective structures. The differential gravitational pull experienced across the bodies leads to the phenomenon known as tidal deformation. For instance, when a moon orbits a planet, the gravitational pull on the near and far sides of the moon varies, causing tidal bulges to form. This asymmetrical distribution of mass generates tidal forces that exert a torque on the orbiting bodies, influencing their rotational dynamics.
**Effects on Earth:**
On Earth, tidal forces manifest primarily through the gravitational interaction between the Moon, Sun, and our planet. The gravitational pull of the Moon creates tidal bulges in Earth's oceans, giving rise to the familiar phenomenon of ocean tides. Additionally, the Sun's gravitational influence contributes to the complex tidal patterns observed on our planet. Tidal forces not only govern the rhythmic ebb and flow of tides but also play a crucial role in oceanic circulation, coastal erosion, and marine ecosystems.
**Cosmic Significance:**
Beyond Earth, tidal forces sculpt the landscapes of celestial bodies and drive dynamic processes in the cosmos. In planetary systems, tidal interactions between moons and their parent planets lead to orbital resonances, tidal heating, and even the eventual disruption of moons. Tidal forces also influence the formation and evolution of galaxies, triggering the accretion of interstellar gas and shaping the distribution of stars within galactic structures.
**Recent Advances and Future Prospects:**
Advancements in observational astronomy and computational modeling have enabled scientists to gain deeper insights into tidal force phenomena. High-resolution simulations and space-based telescopes have provided unprecedented views of tidal interactions in distant galaxies and planetary systems. Moreover, ongoing missions to study tidal forces in our solar system, such as NASA's Europa Clipper mission, promise to unveil new discoveries about the dynamics of icy moons and their subsurface oceans.
**Conclusion:**
In conclusion, tidal forces represent a fundamental aspect of the gravitational interaction between celestial bodies, exerting a pervasive influence on the dynamics of the universe. From the rhythmic ebb and flow of ocean tides to the sculpting of galaxies and planetary systems, tidal forces shape the fabric of our cosmic environment. By delving deeper into the mechanisms and effects of tidal forces, we expand our understanding of the intricate interplay between gravitational forces and the evolution of celestial phenomena.
**References:**
- Darwin, G. H. (1879). On the Tidal Friction of a Planet Attended by Several Satellites, and on the Evolution of the Solar System from the Primeval State. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 170, 447-538.
- Goldreich, P., & Soter, S. (1966). Q in the Solar System. Icarus, 5(4), 375-389.
- Murray, C. D., & Dermott, S. F. (1999). Solar System Dynamics (Vol. 30). Cambridge University Press.
- Greenberg, R. (2009). Tidal Heating of Satellites. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 47(1), 1-40.
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Hello Sureel,the tidal acceleration results from the gravitational acceleration plus the centrifugal acceleration. If two bodies are revolving around each other (eg Earth and Moon) you have a centrifugal acceleration and a gravitational acceleration, they are balanced at the mass center. Between the 2 bodies the gravitational acceleration is greater, towards the outside of the revolving system the centrifugal acceleration is greater. The result are 2 tidal bulges.
regards Rainer
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As my former question “do you know a unified economics” was ridiculed as “to ask a government for it”, I raise the new similar and hinting question. A reader can give me your answer, or to find it in the introductory articles in my site, which is actually very simple but very illuminating, and would be revolutionary. Thanks!
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Human thought is multiform, but basic patterns of mental processes can be formulated, e.g. 'a logic of logics'.
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Governments improvement on service delivery
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For better service delivery by the city Government there should be mandatory regular education and trainings of service deliverers. Moreover there should be incentive based programs both for public and for the service providers.
The cost of such incentives will be covered through industry. e.g. for garbage collection the food industry be charged (each pet bottle with a fee as environment cost) and public and service deliverers should be given incentive for collection of pet bottles and segregating garbage. Similarly transportation needs subsidy from the Government or through revenues from advertisements, Enhanced parking fees of cars etc. which covers the additional costs of public transportation.
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The partnership between the government and cooperative sector is crucial for fostering equitable national development. While the government may not have the reach into every sector, the private sector often cannot invest in non-profitable areas. The cooperative sector, with its unique ability to uplift members' economic, social, and cultural standing, plays a vital role. Therefore, collaboration between the government and the cooperative sector is essential to uplift people's living standards.
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I agree with you and appreciate your answer, sir.
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As Nepal has been practicing federalism in health system with dividing judiciary, executive role among all three levels of governments. In practice, it seems quite challenging. Do anyone have good experience/ publication regarding successful implementation and/ or early notice of failure of such provision?
As Nepal has been reviewing the roles of different government, this might be helpful.
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The question needs to be rephrased to give room for appropriate tackling. What exactly is the observed problem with the Nepali federalism?
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In your opinion, in a country with a democratic system of government, should the main, dominant, meanstream, public news media be independent, private or state-owned, under government control?
I ask because different countries have different solutions to this issue. In the country where I have been operating for many years, the main, dominant, meanstream, public news media are under government control, are state-owned (e.g., companies in which the treasury dominates as the main or sole shareholder), are referred to as public, and are used by the government as a mouthpiece for pro-government propaganda, including generating disinformation to citizens so that citizens will once again vote for the same ruling political party in parliamentary elections. On the one hand, this has been operating for many years and nothing has changed in this regard. And on the other hand, it is criticized by media experts, researchers and scholars, by media scholars, but also by many citizens who are not professionally or scientifically involved in the media. The criticism points to the lack of information objectivity, to the politicization of information, to the creation of pro-government propaganda, consisting of constant and incessant praise of what the government is doing, criticism of what the opposition parties are proposing, etc. on the unreliability of information, on the violation of the rules of journalistic ethics, on the public practice of hegemony against people working in opposition political circles, on the practice of disinformation even against people representing the so-called "hardcore electorate" of voters who usually vote in parliamentary and other elections for the ruling PIS political option.
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
In your opinion, in a country with a democratic system of government, should the main, dominant, meanstream, public news media be independent, private or under government control?
Should the main, dominant, meanstream, public news media be independent, private or state-owned, under government control?
What do you think about this topic?
What is your opinion on this issue?
Please answer,
I invite everyone to join the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Warm regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
Counting on your opinions, on getting to know your personal opinion, on a fair approach to the discussion of scientific issues, I deliberately used the phrase "in your opinion" in the question.
The above text is entirely my own work written by me on the basis of my research.
In writing this text I did not use other sources or automatic text generation systems.
Copyright by Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Regardless of the type of ownership, all that is important in journalism is integrity, transparency and adherence to ethical standards.
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Why is the aristocratic system not the alternative system to the democratic system, especially since this system did not take up sufficient space in government?
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In response to the main question, I would say yes. The quality of democracy still needs to be improved, but it appears to be the best way humans have come up with to alleviate the need for an irresistible absolute (Honig, 1991). I would say aristocratic systems involve irresistible absolutes in politics that lead to inherent unfairness in decision-making.
Honig, B. (1991). Declarations of Independence: Arendt and Derrida on the Problem of Founding a Republic. The American Political Science Review, 85(1), 97–113. https://doi.org/10.2307/1962880
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Accelerating the path to Net-Zero emissions has become a paramount strategy for governments and organizations. I am interested in discussing the applications of the methods mentioned in the question to help organizations reduce their carbon footprint.
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I agree with you, but the problem is that there are no historic data.
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need to get recent ideas related to this concept.
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In an attempt to address digital gaps with a view to promoting effective government technology utilisation, it is apparent that we must first understand that digital literacy is beyond the use of digital applications alone. It also entails it usage for social and economic development.
Here are few suggestions to be considered to narrow these gaps:
1. Ideological paradigm shift in usage
2. Approriate Infrastructure
3. Reliable power supply
4. Trained personnel
5. Dynamic policy framework
Addressing these gaps will enhance digital skills in various government sectors including education, health, trade and climate resilience, among others.
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How does global business environment affects the following?
1. Businesses ?
2. Government?
3. Consumers?
4. Labor and
5. the general public?
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The global business environment can impact labor by creating job opportunities in industries that are expanding internationally. However, it can also lead to job losses in industries facing increased competition or outsourcing.
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A case officer, in the context of intelligence and espionage, is an individual who is responsible for managing and handling a particular intelligence operation or a specific group of intelligence assets (sources). Case officers play a crucial role in intelligence agencies and organizations by facilitating the collection of information, recruitment of sources, and overall coordination of covert activities. They are often skilled operatives who work undercover to gather classified or sensitive information.
Key responsibilities of a case officer in intelligence include:
  1. Source Recruitment and Handling: Case officers are tasked with identifying, recruiting, and managing intelligence sources. These sources might be individuals who have access to valuable information in government, military, diplomatic, or corporate sectors.
  2. Communication and Debriefing: Case officers maintain regular communication with their sources to collect information, debrief them after acquiring data, and assess the reliability and accuracy of the information.
  3. Operational Planning: Case officers design and execute operational plans, which might include tasks such as placing sources in sensitive positions, gathering specific information, or carrying out covert activities.
  4. Security and Cover: Case officers provide guidance and support to sources to ensure their safety and security, often working to maintain the confidentiality of their identities.
  5. Analysis and Reporting: Case officers analyze the information collected from sources and compile detailed reports for higher-level intelligence analysts and decision-makers.
  6. Covert Operations: In some cases, case officers might be involved in conducting covert operations, such as sabotage, deception, or other activities aimed at advancing intelligence objectives.
  7. Cultural Awareness: Case officers often work in foreign countries and need to understand the local culture, language, and customs to effectively operate without arousing suspicion.
  8. Counterintelligence: Case officers need to be vigilant about potential counterintelligence threats—efforts by adversaries to identify and neutralize intelligence operations.
It's important to note that the role of a case officer is complex and demanding, requiring a combination of interpersonal skills, strategic thinking, cultural awareness, and the ability to adapt to rapidly changing situations. Case officers are often associated with intelligence agencies such as the CIA, MI6, Mossad, and others, and their work is critical to national security efforts and international relations.
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A case officer is an intelligent officer who is trained specialists in the management of agents and agents' networks.
Case officers manage human agents and human intelligence networks.
A case officer is responsible for developing and maintaining relationships with agents, providing them with guidance and support, and ensuring that they are operating effectively and securely.
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Male youths are becoming financially irresponsible from betting on games and electronic programs. How much harm are governments waiting to occur before they intervene to protect future leaders of families and governments?
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Due to the prevailing socioeconomic problem in my country, most youths have taken to this problem.
I think government needs to look for ways to make this activities of betting not lucrative.
It has made many youths lazy and not interested in working in formal job environments
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I think bureaucracy goes against human nature and thus brings out a lot of aggressive impulses.
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That's a complicated one. Aggressive impluses don't seem to be against human nature; you don't need bureaucracies to bring them out but they sure can help. Whether a particular bureaucracy is against human nature depends on its nature (e.g. unnecessary procedures and redtape) and the people who staff it.