Government - Science topic

Corruption is spiralling under Trump, who was himself involved with New York Mafia. The corruption involves Musk and SpaceX, who moves government money towards his own projects and companies.

The Trump family are now billionaires, even his sons. Does more and more America resemble Putin's government and society and how will this level of corruption affect the world?

Will all leaders become corrupt and all societies corrupt?

Keeping an open mind in assessing Trump's approach, my take principally on Tariffs and the destruction of the welfare sector:

From my understanding, and memory, there have been two attempts, both successful, to cut American government spending. Once was in the late 1920s, and the other under Clinton. On both occasions, cuts in federal spending were successful and government spending was cut. On both occasions, a few years after came a downturn or recession. The reason for this may be that with government restrictions on national spending private borrowing increased rapidly and caused problems for most of the next decade until the Second World War, which caused an increase in government spending.

Now while this alone may have enabled the wealth growth of the 1950s, the war had damaged or disabled all of America's competitors. America had a free hand to expand.

That is the history, now to the present.

There seems a lack of know, in my view, of how economies function and the idea that cutting welfare will encourage growth is mistaken as by doing so other problems will arise and with the very poor without sufficient money spending overall will decline and there will in addition be far less money around. Trump's government is a business one, including as it does, Musk. But businesses operate within states and are not, obviously, states. Their economics is different. Welfare enables spending even by the very poor, which will positively impact the state's internal economy. Without it, many, indeed millions, will or could function outside of the economy.

Tariffs are a different issue as there is no evidence they will work. Trump seems to believe that the USA is that of his childhood when it could command other economies due to the war and USA technological advances in the following decades. What Trump sees as America having been ripped off by the entire world is simply natural change. The impact of tariffs and counter tariffs could end up seriously damaging Western economies to the benefit of China.

PHYSICS aims in each chapter or area in physics typically aims to:

- Identify and explain the fundamental laws or principles relevant to a specific domain (e.g., mechanics, thermodynamics, electromagnetism).

- Demonstrate how these laws can predict and explain observable phenomena.

WITHOUT EXPERIMENTATION AND OBSERVATION/CONFIRMATION SEIZES TO BE PHYSICS.

BUT some ITHINK IT IS TIME THAT PHYSICS REVERTS TO A MORE HUMBLE PLACE AS THE ENGINEERING MODELING OF NATURAL PROCESS AND PHENOMENA VIA MATHEMATICAL OR OTHER ABSTRACTIONS (E.G. STATISTICAL MECHANICS PREDICTTIONS ARE NOT CLOSED FORM).

Apendix

**Basic Assumptions:**

- The universe operates according to discoverable rules and regularities[6][8].

- All real entities are made of matter, and substance is fundamental[1][7].

Physics is the study of the fundamental rules and regularities that govern the natural world, seeking to discover, describe, and explain how matter, energy, space, and time interact through observation, measurement, and experimentation[6][8]. Its focus is on understanding the underlying principles that apply universally, from the smallest particles

The concept of global citizenship involves creating an internationally recognized status that ensures fundamental rights for all, regardless of nationality. This could guarantee rights such as education, healthcare, and freedom of expression, contributing to the reduction of global inequalities. However, its implementation would face legal challenges, such as national sovereignty, and political challenges, with governments resisting the loss of control over citizenship. Furthermore, the social and economic implications would be significant, requiring a redefinition of international relations and the creation of new global institutions.

The global AI landscape is becoming fragmented as nations develop their own frameworks for governing Artificial Intelligence — from the EU’s AI Act to the U.S. Executive Order and China’s algorithm regulations.

Can we achieve a unified international legal framework to govern AI ethics, data privacy, algorithmic bias, and liability?

Or will legal conflicts and jurisdictional challenges make this impossible?

Would love to hear from researchers in law, tech policy, and computer science:

Let’s explore whether global cooperation on AI regulation is realistic — or just theoretical.

the period needed to produce weapons-grade uranium — has shrunk to mere days, signaling both rapid nuclear advancement and a diminishing window for global response. Compounding the urgency is the imminent expiration of “snapback sanctions” under UN Security Council Resolution 2331 in October 2025, with Iran’s uranium stockpile set to reach critical levels by mid‑2025. Global decisionmakers now face a stark choice: reinvigorate diplomatic efforts, intensify economic sanctions, or risk a preventive military strike. Each passing week further heightens the risk of a destabilizing nuclear breakthrough.

While the imperative to prevent a nuclear‑armed Iran unites many international actors, the strategies and underlying interests of key stakeholders differ significantly.

At the regional level, countries like Saudi Arabia and the UAE are grappling with the immediate consequences of Iran’s nuclear ambitions. For example, Saudi Arabia finds itself in a particularly delicate position. On one hand, it has strong incentives to act as a mediator — leveraging its vast economic clout and its Vision 2030 goals — to prevent an Israeli strike on Iranian nuclear facilities, which could trigger widespread regional instability. However, despite being reportedly open to mediating between Washington and Tehran, Riyadh has yet to formally offer to assume such a role. Its cautious stance perhaps reflects concerns that overt involvement could risk further escalating tensions with Iran or complicate its broader regional rivalries.

Meanwhile, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has taken on an informal but pivotal role in bridging dialogue between Washington and Tehran. By facilitating backchannel communications, such as delivering a private letter from former US President Donald Trump to Iranian officials, the UAE has demonstrated a pragmatic approach aimed at defusing an otherwise volatile situation. This initiative not only highlights the UAE’s practical diplomacy but also reinforces a broader regional consensus: while military confrontation remains off the table, there is a pressing need for alternative diplomatic channels that can bypass the deadlock often seen in traditional Western approaches.

On the extra‑regional front, the divergence in approaches is equally pronounced. The European troika — comprising Britain, France, and Germany, often referred to as the E3 — has increasingly adopted a tougher stance against Tehran. In June and November last year, these powers, joined the US securing passage of an IAEA Board of Governors resolution censuring Iran, a clear indication that the conditions under which the 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) was agreed are no longer acceptable. In March, Britain warned that it would trigger snapback sanctions, if necessary, to prevent Iran acquiring a nuclear weapon. This approach, however, is challenging because it requires European nations to safeguard nonproliferation without provoking Iran into a military escalation.

Shifting focus beyond the region, both China and Russia advocate for a return to the original JCPOA framework, arguing that this approach best preserves regional stability while aligning with their own strategic and economic interests. In mid‑March at a Beijing-hosted trilateral meeting with Iran and Russia, Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi outlined a five‑point plan to resolve Iran’s nuclear issue, calling for sanction relief, renewed multilateral talks, and a return to the 2015 deal — a proposal sure to encounter US resistance.

Meanwhile, despite Russia’s reported interest in assisting US efforts to negotiate a new and broader nuclear deal, its backing of Iran — militarily, economically, and diplomatically — and alignment with Beijing against Western sanctions reflect growing geopolitical fractures.

The entrenched distrust that exists between Tehran and Washington further complicates these dynamics. Because of this deep-seated mistrust, any externally brokered deal risks being viewed more as an instrument of geopolitical maneuvering than as a genuine attempt at disarmament.

Thus, while all parties agree on the necessity of avoiding military confrontation over Iran’s nuclear ambitions, the divergent regional and extra‑regional interests create a labyrinth of strategic choices that are both interlinked and at odds with one another.

To force Tehran back to the negotiating table, the Trump administration in February reinstated its “maximum pressure” campaign — a strategy defined by a sweeping set of economic sanctions aimed at crippling Iran’s economy. Shortly thereafter, Trump revealed that he had sent a private letter to Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei urging nuclear talks — a tactic he also used in 2019 with Japan’s then-Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and previously with Kim Jong Un, which led to meetings but no disarmament deal. Axios later reported that Trump’s letter set a two-month deadline for a new nuclear deal, though when the clock starts remains unclear.

Even as a diplomatic path is on offer, Trump and his team persist in tightening economic sanctions and issuing military threats. On the matter, Secretary of State Marco Rubio stated, “if you force him to choose between a nuclear Iran or taking action, the president’s been clear: He will take action.” Rubio’s remarks coincided with the US launching its first air strikes against Yemen’s Houthi rebels since Trump’s return to office, while Trump himself condemned Iran for backing the group attacking US warships, insisting, “Iran must stop the sending of these Supplies IMMEDIATELY.”

“All options are on the table,” Trump’s national security adviser, Michael Waltz, stated in a recent television interview. When pressed on what Iran should forgo, he cited “the missiles, the weaponization, the enrichment” of its nuclear program. However, given that Tehran has shown no willingness to negotiate away its missile capabilities, an all-or-nothing deal seems far-fetched.

These mixed signals have drawn a cautious response from Tehran. Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi suggested talks might be possible if Washington ends its “pressure and threats,” but hardliners see the sanctions and vague diplomatic overtures as contradictory, reinforcing their resolve against what they perceive as external coercion. Khamenei dismissed Trump’s proposal as “a deception,” insisting Tehran would not be coerced into talks designed to make Iran appear unwilling to negotiate.

Khamenei’s defiant rhetoric has emboldened conservative elements within the Iranian government. In fact, internal political developments — such as the forcing out of prominent reformist figures — underscore how the maximum pressure campaign may have strengthened hardliners in Iran. Reformist President Masoud Pezeshkian’s promise to broker a nuclear deal in exchange for sanctions relief, which had signaled a new era of engagement with the West, is rapidly losing credibility as rival factions are on the offensive. Frustrated, he has adopted a tougher public stance, further dimming prospects for meaningful negotiations.

With Iran’s nuclear program advancing and sanctions set to expire, diplomatic efforts have grown more urgent. A recent closed-door UN Security Council meeting underscored mounting global concern over Tehran’s stockpile of highly enriched uranium (HEU) and non-compliance with IAEA safeguards.

Issuing a statement after the meeting, the US called out Iran’s “brazen behavior,” while Britain signaled its readiness to trigger snapback sanctions if Iran fails to curb enrichment. Policymakers are scrambling for a breakthrough, but with trust eroded and traditional diplomatic channels blocked, incremental steps may no longer suffice.

Instead, what is needed is a radical, flexible, and innovative diplomatic approach — one that can bridge the deep-seated mistrust between Tehran and the West while accommodating the divergent interests of regional and global stakeholders. A recent Foundation for Defense of Democracies (FDD) report advocates Iran’s pre-commit to disarmament, including full inspections and dismantling nuclear sites — an approach endorsed by The Wall Street Journal.

Yet Iran is unlikely to accept full dismantlement, viewing its nuclear program as essential for deterrence and regime survival. The US withdrawal from the JCPOA reinforced Tehran’s distrust, while North Korea’s resistance to complete, verifiable, and irreversible dismantlement (CVID) suggests Iran can defy similar demands without forfeiting diplomatic leverage.

Complicating matters further, Iran has made it abundantly clear that it will not make any nuclear concessions without comprehensive sanctions relief. By linking its nuclear stance to broader regional security concerns, Tehran has set the stage for a high-stakes standoff where punitive measures could entrench both sides in a zero-sum conflict. The international community must weigh the risks of further isolating Iran against the benefits of compelling it to accept stricter non-proliferation measures.

Amid the escalating diplomatic deadlock, the specter of a preventive military strike — most notably by Israel — continues to cast a long shadow over the region. Recent US intelligence reports suggest that Israel is actively contemplating a strike on Iran’s nuclear sites, a move that underscores its longstanding security concerns. Israel views a nuclear‑armed Iran as an existential threat, and as Iran’s uranium enrichment accelerates unchecked, the likelihood of preemptive action grows.

However, the potential consequences of such a military intervention are both severe and unpredictable. For example, Qatar’s Prime Minister, Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani, has warned that an attack on Iran’s nuclear facilities could “entirely contaminate” the Gulf waters, posing a grave threat to life in Qatar, the UAE, and Kuwait. Such environmental and humanitarian disasters would not be confined to one nation but could ripple throughout the entire region, triggering a dangerous cycle of escalation. According to a recent report from the Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP), rather than halting Iran’s nuclear progress, a preventive strike might compel Tehran to disperse its nuclear assets into smaller, more covert sites or even to accelerate its enrichment efforts further, thereby exacerbating the very crisis it sought to avert.

The threat of military action is further intensified by the current geopolitical dynamics. At the same time, US support for an Israeli intervention cannot be ruled out. The Wall Street Journal revealed that during the presidential transition, some Trump officials weighed the feasibility of Israeli strikes on Iran’s nuclear sites, including potential American military involvement. The consequences of such a confrontation would not only disrupt diplomatic channels but could also ignite a broader nuclear arms race in an already volatile region — an outcome that would have far‑reaching implications for global peace and security.

The challenges posed by Iran’s nuclear program must be understood within the broader context of global nuclear instability and the erosion of traditional arms control frameworks. The collapse of long‑standing agreements such as the US‑Russia New START treaty — now less than a year from expiration and without prospects for extension — has weakened the mechanisms that once provided strategic balance. This deterioration is forcing nations, from Poland to South Korea, to reevaluate their reliance on American security guarantees.

In the United States, contradictory policies have only deepened these concerns. While President Trump has repeatedly warned that nuclear weapons are the “greatest existential threat” facing humanity, his administration’s policies have, paradoxically, fueled discussions among US allies about the need for their own nuclear deterrents. In recent months, Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk has suggested that his country must explore “opportunities related to nuclear weapons” in light of what he described as a “profound change of American geopolitics.” Similarly, French President Emmanuel Macron has indicated that consultations with European allies — such as Germany — are necessary to consider expanding the French nuclear umbrella. In South Korea, the debate over whether to develop a domestic nuclear program has gained momentum as the nation grapples with the dual threat posed by North Korea and an increasingly unpredictable American policy stance.

These developments underscore that the struggle over Iran’s nuclear ambitions is not an isolated crisis but is deeply intertwined with broader global shifts. The weakening of international non-proliferation and arms control norms, coupled with rising tensions among major nuclear powers, creates an environment in which any failure to engage constructively with Iran could serve as a catalyst for a new era of nuclear instability. The risk is that, in the absence of robust diplomatic engagement, the world could witness a proliferation cascade — one where the erosion of non‑proliferation norms leads to more countries pursuing nuclear capabilities, thereby undermining decades of international efforts to maintain strategic stability.

In effect, the broader nuclear non‑proliferation regime is under unprecedented strain. The intricate interplay between national security imperatives, regional rivalries, and shifting global alliances means that resolving Iran’s nuclear challenge is inextricably linked to the overall health of the international arms control architecture. Any failure to address the Iranian crisis constructively may not only trigger a regional nuclear arms race but also further destabilize the delicate balance of global nuclear deterrence.

At this critical juncture, the international community faces a perilous challenge as Iran’s nuclear program accelerates — reducing its breakout time to days while snapback sanctions expire in October 2025. Divergent stakeholders are locked in a stalemate: regional players like Saudi Arabia and the UAE hesitate to mediate, whereas the European E3 insists on strict IAEA compliance and sanctions. In contrast, China and Russia advocate for a return to the original JCPOA. Washington’s dual strategy — combining maximum pressure with ambiguous diplomatic outreach — has only emboldened Iranian hardliners and deepened mistrust, heightening the risk of a preventive military strike, especially by Israel.

Though Iran has previously defied UN resolutions, its adherence to the 2015 nuclear deal before the US withdrawal indicates that diplomacy remains a viable path. With its proxies diminished, deterrence weakened, and economic pressures mounting, negotiation remains the more prudent course — one that key international players can still help shape. With traditional arms control frameworks crumbling, only a bold, unified diplomatic effort that reconciles these divergent interests can prevent a catastrophic escalation and safeguard global security.

· T

· [1] PhD in Climate Change from Mohaghegh Ardabili University. abasskashani122@uma.ac.ir

Definitely the Climatic factors significantly impacted on farmers' economies by affecting on crop yields. Then What are the mitigation strategies and what should be the government role/policies in it.

Is it possible that intensive dairy farming on light loam/loess alluvial soils which easily leach nutrients into waterways (streams, rivers, lakes and aquifers ) could be the cause of huge ammounts of long fin eels ( one tonne ) dying in Lake Waihora, Canterbury, New Zealand ?

The water quality data shows extreme levels of Nitrates, Phosphorus and E-coli. Even though the Government knows this and experts like Mike Joy ( Freshwater Egologist at Victoria University, New Zealand ) has often pointed this out, nothing is being done about it. Actually our government is proposing more dairy farms

This question concerns a fundamental decision that a government must make in the face of an economic downturn. On the one hand, increasing spending can help stimulate economic growth, especially in times of crisis. On the other hand, a long-term increase in the budget deficit can lead to an increase in government debt, which may limit the government's ability to invest and pursue a stable economic policy in the future. Research shows that the government can achieve more sustainable economic growth by focusing on gradually reducing the budget deficit instead of aggressively increasing government spending, as long-term debt can lead to destabilisation of public finances and higher debt servicing costs. The choice between increasing spending and reducing the deficit is an eternal dilemma of fiscal policy, especially in the context of sustainable economic development. On the one hand, in crisis situations such as economic recessions, increasing public spending on investment and social support can be an indispensable tool for a rapid economic recovery. On the other hand, excessive debt in the long term can lead to serious problems, such as higher debt servicing costs, reduced scope for future public investment and the possible loss of the state's financial credibility. Therefore, the key to solving this issue is to find the right balance between the two approaches.

In the following article, I have written about the sources of the high inflation that has occurred since 2021 as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic, based on research that I have conducted:

THE POST-COVID RISE IN INFLATION: COINCIDENCE OR THE RESULT OF MISGUIDED, EXCESSIVELY INTERVENTIONIST AND MONETARIST ECONOMIC POLICIES

I have described the key issues of the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the economy and financial markets in my article below:

IMPACT OF THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC (COVID-19) ON FINANCIAL MARKETS AND THE ECONOMY

IMPACT OF THE SARS-COV-2 CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC (COVID-19) ON GLOBALISATION PROCESSES

I have described the key issues of the exceptionally deep energy crisis in Poland in 2022 in my co-authored article below:

POLAND'S 2022 ENERGY CRISIS AS A RESULT OF THE WAR IN UKRAINE AND YEARS OF NEGLECT TO CARRY OUT A GREEN TRANSFORMATION OF THE ENERGY SECTOR

I have described crisis management in companies in the article:

CRISES IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF BUSINESS ENTITIES AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT

I have described the key issues of anti-crisis state intervention in my article below:

Anti-crisis state intervention and created in media images of global financial crisis

What do you think about this topic?

Please reply,

I invite everyone to the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

I invite you to scientific cooperation,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Who agrees the government should assist aspiring researchers in gaining their own means of production? How? Why? Related somewhat:

The Kenyan government wants to make mathematics options in senior schools. I wrote an article on why mathematics must be compulsory in senior schools. Use the link: https://nation.africa/kenya/blogs-opinion/blogs/mathematics-needs-to-be-a-compulsory-subject-4967282

Do you agree with me?? Discuss.

The historians have a role nisisery in his country because he can observe the consequences of the strategy of the government

I want to know the how the stakeholders would convinced and move forward from "resistance to change" mentality .

Government of Indonesia has program to support of food estate from forest area about 20 million hectares. I suggest using a land consolidation approach by inventorying forest areas that are fragmented by infrastructure or agricultural activities. Is this suggestion correct? Do you have a success story in implementing land consolidation in your country or in other countries?

Dear Researchers, Scientists, Friends,

In the face of increasing automation and robotisation, many jobs are becoming redundant, raising concerns about the future of employment. The concept of a universal basic income is based on the idea that every citizen receives a certain amount of money, regardless of their professional situation. Proponents of the UBI claim that it will minimise the effects of technological unemployment and ensure a dignified life for citizens. Critics, on the other hand, point out that UBI can lead to higher taxes, a decrease in work motivation and a burden on the state budget. According to the accepted research thesis, a universal basic income can effectively mitigate the negative effects of technological unemployment, but its long-term impact on the economy depends on the model of its financing. Experiments in Finland and Canada suggest that a UBI can improve citizens' quality of life and reduce the stress associated with job loss, but at the same time its impact on economic activity is ambiguous. The high financing costs of UBI require thorough economic analyses, especially in the context of the future of taxes and income redistribution. Interdisciplinary research combining economics, psychology and social sciences can help assess whether UBI is indeed the future of social systems or just a utopian idea.

My articles below are related to the above issue in some aspects:

FAMILY 500 PLUS PROGRAMS AND FLAT PLUS WITH KEY INSTRUMENTS FOR PRIVATE SOCIAL POLICY IN POLAND

NATIONAL HOUSING PROGRAMME OF THE MAIN STRATEGIC AND PROGRAMME DOCUMENT FOR THE CURRENT STATE RESIDENTIAL POLICY OF THE STATE

IMPORTANCE OF INTRODUCING THE 500 PLUS FAMILY PROGRAMME AS A SIGNIFICANT FACTOR IN COMPREHENSIVE INVESTMENT POLICY FOR FAMILIES IN POLAND

Current and future objectives of pro-family social policy based on the Family 500 Plus programme

The financial situation of households in Poland and the significance of introducing the ‘Family 500 Plus’ programme as part of a comprehensive pro-family social policy.

And what is your opinion on this topic?

And what do you think about it?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please reply,

I invite everyone to the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

I invite you to scientific cooperation,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Dear Researchers, Scientists, Friends,

Investments in AI and automation are crucial for increasing the competitiveness of the economy, but they can also lead to increased technological unemployment. The dilemma is whether government support for these technologies will bring more benefits or exacerbate social problems. Research shows that investment in AI and automation will increase economic productivity and create new employment sectors. On the other hand, mass automation will lead to increased unemployment and labour market polarisation. The dilemma formulated in the above question takes on particular significance in the context of Industry 4.0 and the growing role of robotics in the manufacturing and service sectors. While previous technological revolutions led to the creation of new jobs, there is no guarantee that a similar effect will occur in the case of AI and automation. There is a risk that the economic benefits will be concentrated in the hands of technology corporations, and the middle class will experience negative consequences. An alternative could be the implementation of active income redistribution policies or the concept of basic income, which could mitigate the effects of technological unemployment.

I have described the key issues of the opportunities and threats to the development of artificial intelligence technologies in my article below:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please reply,

I invite everyone to the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

I invite you to scientific cooperation,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

The USA has gone so far as to have a new department of governmental efficiency. I cannot find a definition for governmental efficiency that would allow for a measurable determination of success. What does it mean to have an efficient government? In a non-profit, efficiency might be measured in the proportion of dollars donated that are directly spent on the task. A less efficient charity uses more donated income on advertising, swag, or administrative costs.

Clearly Trump's government is turning towards fascism, and will continue in that way.

We need to discuss how this has happened and how this can be avoided elsewhere in future.

Hello everyone,

I’m currently working on my study of food tourism and investigating how food tourism is represented on the official tourism government website. I'm using content analysis but have difficulty selecting an appropriate theoretical framework to underpin my research.

Could you please advise which or a combination of theories would be most suitable for my study?

Please advise which or a combination of theories would suit my study best.

Thank you for your guidance.

The followings are the problems of management in third world countries:

Should the monetary policy of the central bank be completely independent from the fiscal and budgetary policy of the government or should it be carried out with consideration of this policy or should both policies, i.e. monetary and fiscal policy, be coordinated, e.g. especially in times of financial and economic crises?

The debate about the relationship between the monetary policy of the central bank and the fiscal policy of the government revolves around the question of autonomy: should the bank act independently, striving for price stability, or coordinate its actions with the government, especially in crises? Independence protects the bank from political pressure, but coordinated action can mitigate crises more effectively. In stable conditions, autonomy is key, but in crises, cooperation becomes essential. Research studies analyse optimal coordination, confirming that the best approach depends on the economic situation.

I have written about the sources of the high inflation that has occurred since 2021 as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic in the following article based on my research:

I have described the key aspects of the monetary policy pursued by central banks in recent years in the following article:

And what is your opinion on this topic?

What do you think about this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

I invite you to scientific cooperation,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Although I typically avoid expressing political opinions, I can’t help but wonder if others have noticed certain troubling trends in recent news about President Trump’s policies and decisions. I want to clarify that I don’t affiliate with any political party, but I find myself confused about whether the President fully understands the implications of some of his actions and statements. Below are three major points that I believe warrant serious reconsideration:

1. The Greenland Proposal The suggestion to “invade Greenland” is one of the most bizarre proposals I’ve encountered. Unless credible intelligence suggests an imminent threat—such as Russian or European forces preparing to invade the U.S.—this idea is completely out of context in 2025. Historically, during World War II, President Franklin D. Roosevelt directed U.S. forces to occupy Greenland to prevent German access to strategic resources. However, those actions were based on an immediate and well-documented threat to national security.

(Source: Robert Dallek, Franklin D. Roosevelt: A Political Life, pp. 436, 489.)

Bringing up Greenland today disregards the vastly different geopolitical realities of our time. Whoever advised the President on this matter seems to lack a fundamental understanding of history and current events. Before making such proclamations, the administration should engage the research community and use tools like social media to debate and refine ideas. Historical analysis is an excellent approach—but the execution and interpretation need to be stronger. Continue using this method but ensure your team gets it right.

2. The TikTok Decision

The handling of TikTok represents a troubling disregard for the separation of powers. In 2020, President Trump advocated for banning the app, citing national security concerns. However, after a Supreme Court ruling just five years later, the President seemingly backtracked, issuing an executive order to stall a federal ban following a call with China’s leader.

This decision not only undermined the judiciary but also contradicted core Republican values of respecting the Supreme Court’s authority. The Republican Party has historically championed the judiciary as a pillar of conservatism, even going so far as to block President Obama’s Supreme Court nominee in 2016 to preserve its influence. Choosing to fight a conservative-majority court over an issue as minor as TikTok damages party unity and credibility. Moreover, the lack of alignment between the executive and judicial branches weakens our democracy. It’s critical for the President to work within the framework of the Constitution and align decisions with conservative principles, especially on significant matters.

3. Education Spending Cuts

Proposing cuts to education funding is one of the most misguided plans this administration has introduced. Blaming the current educational crisis on teachers or federal education programs ignores deeper systemic issues, particularly the lack of accountability in addressing behavioral and mental health challenges at the federal, state, and parental levels.

Teachers are trained to educate—not to act as substitute parents or mental health counselors. Yet, our society has shifted the burden of addressing behavioral issues, often rooted in parental neglect and systemic failures, onto educators. This crisis is especially dire in low-income communities, where untreated mental health issues and inadequate support systems are rampant.

Instead of cutting education budgets, the administration should:

Increase Mental Health Resources: Fund programs to educate parents on how to properly support their children, especially for families receiving public assistance. Higher education institutions, guided by state guidelines, can provide these programs.

Restore Parental Accountability: Mandate that both parents of a child receiving public assistance participate in these educational programs or risk losing state and federal benefits. People are often more motivated by financial concerns than by educational advice alone.

Strengthen Federal-State Partnerships: Collaborate with state and local governments to address root causes of the education crisis.

Deploy Undercover Experts: Send top psychiatrists and mental health professionals undercover to assess challenges in underfunded schools. Observing day-to-day realities will provide valuable insights that aren’t typically visible to VIPs.

Foster Open Dialogue: Facilitate discussions between researchers, educators, and policymakers to develop long-term solutions based on evidence and practical insight.

Education is the backbone of our democracy. Undermining its funding jeopardizes the future of our nation. Instead of assigning blame, focus on creating actionable plans to address the systemic issues facing education today.

Recommendations

Foster Open Communication: Utilize social media and other platforms to communicate idea.

Build a Trusted Advisory Team: Look to historical examples, like FDR’s “Brain Trust,” and assemble a team of individuals with expertise and vision to guide sound policy decisions.

Respect the Judiciary: Avoid undermining the judiciary, especially on issues where conservative principles are at stake.

Support Education Reform: Focus on addressing the root causes of behavioral and systemic challenges in governments from all level rather than education cutting budgets.

President Trump, your leadership qualities—charisma, adaptability, and vision—can drive meaningful progress. However, bold ideas need to be grounded in historical understanding, thoughtful analysis, and collaboration to succeed. Let’s ensure that decisions reflect these principles to advance the nation effectively.

I am conducting research on strategies to bridge the educational gap between men and women in environments where women face systemic barriers to education. My study aims to explore the role of government policies, community-driven initiatives, and socio-cultural factors in improving access to education for women. I am particularly interested in empirical studies, policy evaluations, and case studies that highlight effective interventions. Any insights, references, or recommendations would be highly valuable.

A black hole can be considered an exception to the universe as it does not fully adhere to the fundamental properties that govern the universe. When analyzing the formation, behavior, and reactions associated with a black hole, the singularity at its core—the so-called "black center"—does not satisfy the laws of thermodynamics. In contrast, the processes of the universe operate in accordance with key properties such as pressure, temperature, work, energy, and magnetic characteristics. This makes black holes distinct anomalies within the framework of universal laws.

Particularly in terms of authenticity, cultural appropriation, and marketing tourism strategies? How do different stakeholders, including governments, businesses, and local communities, influence the portrayal of culinary heritage in tourism promotion?

Enhancing equitable access to digital education for students in remote areas necessitates a comprehensive approach that tackles infrastructure, teacher training, affordability, and government policy?

Like one is The House of Lords and the other is The House of Representative.

The reason why I would like each party‘s person to rejoin either bigger party than each present party with their parties‘s statement and existence left is that it would be easier for all politicians to comment or have a biggest opinion which is Yes or No which means being stand for or against one issue at the more faster speed during the important decisions

I suppose. This is my imaginative ideal thoughts, not an opinion, just one of my thoughts.

Muñoz, Lucio, 2020. Sustainability thoughts 112: How can the hidden unequal nature of the liberal market model be detailed step by step? , Boletin CEBEM-REDESMA, Año 14, No.4, April, La Paz, Bolivia.

i want to make research for the working method of any non-ministerial government agency

There is no government today using the gold standard to back its currency. The US$ is a floating currency. Some economists have recommended the gold standard but is there any possibility for nations to return to it?

What Are the Contemporary Challenges in Government Accounting Amid the Digital Era, Particularly in Developing Countries?

give a suggestion

I propose a discussion on my PDF-PowerPoint "Thoughts on Amartya Sen". I used this PDF-PowerPoint for the lecture held on Sunday, 17th November 2024 at the International Conference “RECLAIMING ROOTS: THE ADIVASI QUESTION AND THE ROLE OF MEDIA, MOVEMENTS, POLICY, AND POLITICS IN DEVELOPMENT”, organised by the CARD Odisha in Association with IIITM Gwalior, IIT Mandi, IIT Bhubaneswar & Ravenshaw University, Cuttack (15th, 16th, 17th November 2024).

I am working on a text which develops the contents of the PowerPoint.

In my contribution, I would like to present through some aspects of Amartya Sen’s works that a model for a new public policy consists in the uncovering of specific forms of deception strategies present in the political and social scene. These deception strategies aim to persuade individuals that there is no alternative to certain ways of thinking, to certain ways of organizing societies, to certain ways of interpreting concepts: thus, these deception strategies aim to persuade individuals that a kind of single, dominant, irrefutable thought rules and that it is right that it be so.

I shall develop my contribution through the analysis of some aspects of Amartya Sen’s philosophy. My principal aim will consist in finding, with the help of Sen’s observations, instruments in order to show that a new model for public policy first of all means – at least in my opinion – the process of uncovering that concepts and events are not so simple and not so univocal as they very often are presented to be. For instance, a concept like “development” can find interpretations that are very different from each other, depending on whether development is exclusively identified with economic and income growth, or, alternatively, depending on whether development is to be interpreted as the whole growth of the capabilities and freedoms both of the individual and of the society (the second interpretation corresponds to Sen’s interpretation of the concept “development”).

Sen’s thinking can be portrayed as a teaching against fatalism, indifference, resignation and inaction, on the one side, and as an appeal to the assumption of one’s own responsibilities, on the other side: Sen wants to uncover the deep roots of political and social fatalism, since this kind fatalism is, actually, not neutral, but, on the contrary, aims to conceal precise responsibilities. Sen fights both in economics and in ethics against every kind of deception: he often denounces that, within the economic, social and political thought, deception strategies aim to conceal, behind the mask of the unavoidability allegedly dictated by the nature of things, failures actually due to human mistakes; unavoidable economic destiny is, actually, not so unavoidable as someone would like to present it.

Therefore, Sen’s project regarding development and freedom proves to be, among other things, a project of uncovering deception strategies: for instance, Sen’s opinion that famines are not a natural, but a social phenomenon aims to uncover all attempts to present famines as something unavoidable, in relation to which the only solution is resignation. Sen points out that all those presenting famines as a natural phenomenon, actually want to conceal their own responsibilities for the occurring of famines. Hunger and famines are not, in other words, natural phenomena against which there is nothing to do; they are social phenomena having precise responsible agents; neither do famines represent an integral, constitutive, unavoidable element of the modern world: they can be prevented if there is the political will to prevent them. Sen continuously aims at promoting the control of government and of public authority: governments try to blame on nature the cause of catastrophes, whereas the causes of social catastrophes are to be connected to the inefficiency of governments. Sen’s meditation proves to be a continuous defence and promotion of democracy, rights and freedom against all attempts to diminish their value: in particular, Sen sees democracy as a system which is compatible with economic growth, thus opposing all those who consider democracy as an obstacle to economic growth. My attention will, thereafter, be concentrated on Sen’s interpretation of the concept of development, which in Sen’s opinion cannot be limited to the income of the individuals or to the growth of GNP, but should be extended to individuals’ freedoms, human rights, health care, opportunities of education and further entitlements. Development is, in Sen’s opinion, the progressive growth of the individual capabilities, whereas all interpretations of development based only on the measurement of the gross domestic product and of the individual income are insufficient.

I shall finally refer to Sen’s pointing out the dangers related to the absolute view of the cultural identity, if this view is connected to economic and political strategies: certain interpretations of cultural identities do bring about catastrophes, as it can be shown by means of the attitudes of British politicians towards Irishmen as possessing an inferior culture during the Irish famines, or by the attitudes of British politicians towards Indians during the Great Bengal famine). I shall finally refer to Sen’s pointing out the dangers related to the absolute view of cultural identity, if this view is connected to economic and political strategies: certain interpretations of cultural identities do bring about catastrophes, as it can be shown by means of the attitudes of British politicians towards Irishmen as possessing an inferior culture during the Irish famines, or by the attitudes of British politicians towards Indians during the Great Bengal famine). The analysis of the connections between Sen and Mahbub Ul Haq, whose books and articles (for instance, “Reflections on Human Development”) are always referred to by Sen, will close my presentation. Sen’s works on which I shall concentrate my attention will be, for instance, “Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation”, “On Ethics & Economics”, “Capability and Well-Being”, “Development as Freedom”, “How Does Culture Matter?”, “Identity and Violence: The Illusion of Destiny”, and “The Idea of Justice”; moreover, I shall take into consideration the book “Hunger and Public Action”, which Sen wrote together with Jean Drèze.

Under perfect market thinking, the responsibilities of governments and of corporations in development are known, which raises the question: Under perfect market thinking, who is to be blamed if social and/or environmental systems collapse, governments or corporations? Why?

Who do you think is to be blamed? And why do you think that is the case?

A short answer who and why is the best.

Important pists in the American government are being handed to inexperienced people with worrying political views...Is this goodbye to America's greatness, however that is understood?

Context of situation remains the top serious factor that decides what to say, where and when.

Why don't these democracies become autocracies after they become strong, or do these countries have the idea of becoming autocracies?

Cyber law any other laws in general laws had been always taken advantage of by the ruling parties in Bangladesh. Any suggestion including adding or substracting sections and clauses or say creating a new Act is appreciated. Thank you.

Discuss the common strategies that led to dubai aviation success, such as government investment, strategic planning, and leveraging geographic location.

It has been observed that inspite of the governments efforts to localise the education sector with local teachers still there is a shortage of teachers in the Maldives

some main questions regarding the geometry and matter-energy sources of the universe:

### Questions about Geometry of the Universe

1. **What is the overall geometry of the universe, and how does it influence cosmic structure and evolution?**

2. **How do different curvature models (flat, open, closed) affect our understanding of the universe's fate?**

3. **What observational evidence supports the current understanding of the universe's geometry, particularly from cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation?**

4. **How do gravitational waves contribute to our understanding of the universe's geometry?**

5. **In what ways does general relativity describe the relationship between space-time geometry and the distribution of matter?**

6. **How does the geometry of the universe relate to its expansion rate and the concept of dark energy?**

7. **What implications does the geometry of the universe have for the formation of large-scale structures, such as galaxies and galaxy clusters?**

8. **How can the geometry of the universe be tested through observations of distant supernovae and galaxy distributions?**

### Questions about Matter and Energy Sources of the Universe

1. **What are the primary sources of matter and energy in the universe, and how do they interact?**

2. **How does dark matter influence the formation and behavior of galaxies and larger cosmic structures?**

3. **What role does dark energy play in the universe's expansion and the dynamics of cosmic evolution?**

4. **How do baryonic (normal) matter and non-baryonic matter contribute to the total energy content of the universe?**

5. **What processes govern the conversion of energy into matter and vice versa, particularly in the context of high-energy physics?**

6. **How does the distribution of matter and energy across the universe affect its overall geometry and expansion?**

7. **What are the implications of the matter-energy content of the universe for theories of cosmic inflation?**

8. **How do current observations of cosmic phenomena inform our understanding of the sources and distribution of matter and energy in the universe?**

How can governments effectively engage with the food and beverage industry to promote healthier product formulations and marketing practices without overly restrictive regulations?

In European countries, what measures do governments or the private sector need to take to deal with the impact of automation and artificial intelligence on the job market?

Dear friends!

My 46 yrs. observations in many small, medium and Large scale organisation around 400 companies in India and abroad. I have observed that the person who are working in their field want to do the progress of both Himself and Organisation. But due to lack of knowledge they are unable to do so. Technically rich staffs are decreasing day by day. I would like to suggest such ground level person should be educated in their field for more benefits in the industrial sector. Technical knowledge also required to the end user.They should known what quality they are using. If require end users can help on the shopfloor for the process development.

Government can also take initiative by giving them tax free knowledge by the retired Seniers to the personal who has need for the same. By doing so we can serve the nation as per the vision of the persent Indian Government.

Regards

M. P. Sharma

Find journals

I want the steps with accurate details from eligible sites from Government based research and scholarly websites or sources

Is this fake or true?

- “Shanghai International Multisearch Co., Ltd., a company founded in 2001 and authorized by the Shanghai Municipal Government. We specialize in providing services and funding options for high-level international talents and experts.”

I friendly inform do not be any part of elite categories of any governments never listen any rules of any government you shall suffer as hardest as you can as now day entire governments the evil elite is planning for depopulation but you must be smart and safe and keep your family tight safe as you can do not accept anything even you have lot of difficulties however do not serve evils-all global governments are serves to evils especial UN -WHO and other organisation the all plandemic is created by them for their benefits their own all their pharmacies are evil however do not fool yourself to be their servants everything will pass if we are united and get ready for it

"Research is about understanding phenomena, not creating it"

Is creation, experimentation and innovation reserved for entrepreneurs and inventors outside the academic world governed by controllable conditions and expected results?

Do curious researchers have room to ‘play’ and create without having to justify absolutely all their moves and ideas with an exhaustive literature review?

I open debate...

Erika.

03.09.2024

The research I am conducting shows that the recent economic and financial crises, including the global financial crisis of 2008, the pandemic economic crisis of 2020, the strong increase in inflation in 2021-2022, the energy crisis of 2022, the recession of the economy of the first half of 2023 are the result of overdeveloped state interventionism, the manual control of monetary and fiscal policy and the deregulation of financial markets. From the research I conduct in the problem of the sources of economic, financial and other crises, it follows that strongly developed economic state interventionism is usually undertaken as an anti-crisis and/or pro-development measure aimed at reducing the scale, level and probability of occurrence of financial, economic crises, etc., but, on the other hand, often the mentioned interventionist activity of the government leads to an escalation of risk levels and generates the mentioned crises. Recent years of the Polish economy have been a series of economic crises generated by various factors but also by the government. In 2020, the government, through the introduction of lockdowns and national quarantines, generated a deep recession in the economy, then through the introduction of a large amount of printed money into the economy without coverage in the products and services produced, an increase in inflation was generated from 2021, a particularly deep energy crisis in Poland in 2022 (due to the blocking of the green transformation of the energy sector), an increase in interest rates by the NBP, a decline in investment and a downturn in the economy in 2022 and 2023, up to another recession in the economy in the 1st half of 2023. During the previous years, thanks to the applied chaotic economic policy of the government and monetary policy of the NBP in Poland, one crisis was replaced by another, and so on. And SME companies and enterprises lost a lot thanks to these crises, which were largely generated in previous years thanks to the applied, chaotically conducted, ad hoc, non-strategic, etc. economic policy of the government and monetary policy of the NBP central bank. In 2023, the scale of bankruptcies of companies and enterprises in the SME sector in Poland was the highest for many years. It is therefore necessary to continue research in the problems of the role and importance of economic state interventionism in the context of changes in the rate of economic growth and economic development, and to develop the most appropriate system solutions, economic programs, instruments for activating economic activity, activating innovation, counteracting the development of crises and implementing solutions that will result in increasing the macroeconomic stability of the economy with simultaneous sustainable economic development, including taking into account the implementation of the objectives of sustainable development, the principles of the green economy and closed-loop economy, sustainable and zero-carbon economy.

I am researching this issue. I have published the results of my research in several publications, including the following chapters in a monograph:

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Basically, i am trying to understand from the literature whether lobbying can also considered an alternative source of financing fiscal deficit.

What has been the social protection outreach like in Yobe state. Which areas are challenging for the government departments and what capacity building would be most effective? Comparison of the performance in relation to Nigeria as a whole in health and education.

I am writing to urgently seek your help regarding a critical situation in Bangladesh. The government is reportedly preparing to use lethal force against protesters and general civilians. The potential for widespread violence and loss of life is high.

Please assist in any way you can to prevent this violence and protect the lives of innocent people.

Please Help Us Urgently

"How has Sheikh Hasina's government allegedly responded to student protests, including reports of over 1,000 student deaths and the involvement of the military and police?"

A timely proposal to the government and free thinking people. Hope you realize its importance and respond to my proposal in your own interest.

As you must have noticed, the fertility power of the land is gradually decreasing. The soil no longer has the capacity to produce crops. Only artificial / chemical fertilizers are producing unhealthy crops, and as a result people are becoming increasingly weak and sick.

However, this will not last long. If proper measures are not taken now, sometime in the near future there will be a famine all around.

In this case, I request you to consider my proposal, and act accordingly. To begin with, people willing to donate dead bodies voluntarily have to use advanced technology to produce organic manure for land from dead bodies and apply that manure to crop land. Hopefully, through this system, the fertility of the land will gradually increase. Along with this, the public should be encouraged to donate their dead bodies. thank you

Best wishes for Green Revolution, Sumeru Ray

Effects of composition of government expenditure on economic growth

what has the government done to improve accounting practices in SME's in Uganda

Based on different countries the Standards Governing the quality and use of the biogas digestate in agriculture are different can we list down few regulations which can be helpful for the Biogas Industry as a whole?

Are there any regulations or standards governing the quality and use of digestate in agriculture or land application?

We are currently trying to calculate the lattice thermal conductivity of several metals (Ni, Cu, Pd, Ag, Pt and Au) using the non-equilibrium Müller-Plathe method in LAMMPS. We are considering big supercells (20x20x20 unit cells, 70k+ atoms) for each elemental metal separately. The interactions between atoms are mediated by the well-known MEAM potential. The heat flux is tallied using the fix thermal/conductivity command, and temperature profiles are recorded using the compute chunk/atom and fix ave/chunk commands. Please find attached the typical input run for reference. We have successfully run this for other systems (molecular liquids governed by OPLS-AA), but for MEAM metals we found that the temperature profiles are basically erratic noise. While the lattice thermal conductivity of metals should low, we do not expect it to be completely negligible.

Is anyone aware of existing problems with the application of the Müller-Plathe method together with the MEAM potential? Is there particular requirements for such a case? We have played with the Nevery and Nswap parameters in the fix thermal/conductivity command with no success.

Thank you in advance for your attention.

*****

It has been a quite long time since the Russia and Ukraine war has been going on and if we see the context of Geopolitics and International Relations we don't see a mediation between the two parties and ultimately the people of the two countries are facing the circumstances that arise by the governments.

Thanks.

What Are The Main Factors That Lead To Poor Allocation Of Resources In A Country? Your Personal Views - What You Have Seen.

Meadows, D. (1997). Places to Intervene in a System. Whole Earth, 91(1), 78-84.

On P7, it reads:

"In 1986 the US government required that every factory releasing hazardous air pollutants report those emissions publicly. Suddenly everyone could find out precisely what was coming out of the smokestacks in town. There was no law against those emissions, no fines, no determination of "safe" levels, just information. But by 1990 emissions dropped 40 percent. One chemical company that found itself on the Top Ten Polluters list reduced its emissions by 90 percent, just to "get off that list."

This is an exciting story, and I am thinking of using this example to illustrate the effectiveness of information policy instruments in my Environmental Policy course teaching. However, I am wondering, the Clean Air Act was enacted in 1970, and by 1986, there was still no law against emission? No fines? No determination of safe level in the US?

Who can provide a quick answer so that I do not have to dive into the legal documents?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship_of_fools#:~:text=The%20ship%20of%20fools%20(Modern,not%20based%20on%20expert%20knowledge.

As the indebtedness of the state's public finance system has increased in many countries in recent years, it is increasingly important to consider what categories of risks this may lead to. The increase in the indebtedness of the system of state public finances has occurred mainly in connection with, on the one hand, objective factors such as the occurrence of financial and economic crises that are difficult to predict in advance, and, on the other hand, is the result of misguided economic policies, mistakes made in the framework of the management of the system of state public finances, the formation of the central budgets of the state and/or the financial budgets of local government units, the budgets of state public institutions, etc. Mistakes made in the framework of the formation of fiscal policy are due to, among other things, the mismatch of the expenditure side with the revenue side of the state budget and the specific structure of budget expenditures and receipts. On the other hand, the extent to which the mistakes made will manifest themselves and generate problems in public finances and the financial risks resulting therefrom is also largely likely to result from the economic and financial crises that are appearing with increasing frequency. Over the past few decades of time, the frequency and scale of emerging economic, financial, energy and other crises have been steadily increasing. The financial crisis of the late 20th century generated by the overvaluation and stock market crash of Internet dotcom stocks. Then the global financial crisis of 2008 derived from overly lax monetary policies, overly relaxed mortgage lending policies and moral gambling by financial institutions involved in the process of financing these loans carried out mainly through the issuance and sale of subprime bonds. After a little more than a decade, a pandemic economic crisis emerges in 2020, which is originally derived from the occurrence of panic in the capital markets, when the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020 declares the Covid-19 pandemic state and then the economic crisis and recession of the economy is aggravated by the introduced lockdowns imposed on economic entities operating in selected, service sectors of the economy and the so-called national quarantines also introduced in some countries. During the Covid-19 pandemic in some countries, in order to limit the scale of the increase in unemployment, historically record amounts of added money were introduced into the economy, which is described as a kind of interventionist financial anti-crisis measure. However, the inevitable result of this kind of ultra-lenient fiscal policy and at the same time the relaxed monetary policy also applied at the time with interest rates lowered by central banks was a strong increase in inflation. The increase in inflation caused an increase in the cost of economic activity and a decrease in the economic process activity of companies and enterprises. Then anti-inflationary central banks raised interest rates. The result was an increase in the cost of borrowed money in loans, advances and Treasury debt securities. This then generated a significant decline in the level of investment in many sectors of the economy, a process that worked most rapidly and on the largest scale in the cyclical sectors, i.e., the housing sector, for example. The decline in investment in the housing sector was also associated with a decline in the creditworthiness of potential borrowers interested in buying an apartment or house on credit. In 2022, there was an energy crisis, which was initially inspired by the outbreak of war in Ukraine and then by a strong increase in energy commodity prices. The energy crisis was particularly profound in those countries where, as in Poland, for example, the processes of green energy transition were carried out on a limited scale resulting in energy generation still from conventional combustion energy based on burning fossil fuels, mainly coal and/or lignite. The result of the economic crises of 2020-2022 was the occurrence of economic recession in a large part of the countries in the first half of 2023. During all these crises, many countries anti-crisis increased spending from the state's public finance system, and this despite the decline in tax revenues to the state budget. Thus, the obvious result of these processes and anti-crisis state financial interventionism was an increase in debt in the public finance systems of many countries. By 2024, in some countries, inflation had fallen around the inflation target and the rate of economic growth began to slowly recover from crisis and recessionary levels. However, the level of debt growth in a country's public finance system has been particularly high during this period, and it will probably take many years to reduce this level of debt to a level considered safe on an indicator basis (3 percent budget deficit to GDP and 50 percent public debt to GDP) even with certain restrictive fiscal policies and tightening monetary policy. The key issue of the problem of the growth of the debt of the public finance system of the state is that it is not a current problem, but, first of all, it is a prospective problem, the scale of which will grow in the future over the next decades of time, and not only in underdeveloped and developing countries but also in highly developed countries. The reason is the progressive process of changes in the demographic structure of society commonly referred to as population aging. Therefore, in the future, the scale of the risk of an increase in the indebtedness of the system of public finances of the state, the occurrence of a debt crisis of public finances and the deconstructive action of this process will unfortunately increase.

I have also described many of these above-mentioned aspects in my publications posted on my profile of this Research Gate portal.

I am researching this issue. I have published the results of my research in several publications, including the following chapters in a monograph:

“Recent economic crises and the prospective climate crisis of the 21st century and the green transformation of the economy” (Recent economic crises and the prospective climate crisis of the 21st century and the green transformation of the economy).

“Economic and financial crises in the 21st century and the anti-crisis state interventionism that prevents them” (Economic and financial crises in the 21st century and the anti-crisis state interventionism that prevents them)

The key issues of the problematic sources of Poland's exceptionally deep energy cross in 2022 are described in my co-authored article below:

POLAND'S 2022 ENERGY CRISIS AS A RESULT OF THE WAR IN UKRAINE AND YEARS OF NEGLECT TO CARRY OUT A GREEN TRANSFORMATION OF THE ENERGY SECTOR

I described the issue of the importance of activating entrepreneurship and innovation of business entities for economic development in the article:

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Thank you,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

To be valid in the process, digital evidence must be free of defects and no rights have been infringed during its acquisition. In this sense, its treatment must adhere to the principles of evidence that govern its legality.

govt policy

I want to do research on role of radio in promoting relationship between Pakistan and China. China has established a FM radio station in Pakistan. According to my knowledge, So far, research work has not been carried out in Pakistan on FM 98 Dosti Channel. So, please guide me how i can go ahead in carrying out research on this initiative of Chinese government in Pakistan