Gold - Science topic

Objective The distribution and size of the zone of the centers of resistance (ZCR) are critical for accurate orthodontic treatments and minimizing unexpected tooth movements. However, this information remains unclear for mandibular incisors and canines. This study aims to address these gaps in knowledge. Methods Finite element models of four inc...

Master 2 internship in nanophotonic. Experimental and theoretical work on the manipulation of optical surface wavepackets inside nanostructured gold films.

Purpose: Glide path preparation is one use of nickel-titanium(Ni-Ti)rotary files, but few studies have addressed the effectiveness of Ni-Ti hand files. In this study, we compared glide path preparation abilities between a Ni-Ti hand file and a Ni-Ti rotary file. Methods: One board-certified endodontist conducted glide path preparation in transparen...

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and may result in irreversible visual loss. Laser treatment has been the gold standard treatment for diabetic macular edema and proliferative diabetic retinopathy for many years. Of late, intravitreal therapy has emerged as a cornerstone in the management of DR....

Ultrafine-grained aluminum alloys are of interest due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, but they usually suffer from poor uniform ductility. In this study, an Al-Au alloy with a good combination of strength and ductility is produced by the heterogeneous distribution of Al2Au nanoparticles in an aluminum matrix. To generate such heterogeneity,...

we demonstrate how micro-mirrors can enable surface-normal coupling of light to a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) equipped with edge couplers. Most micro-mirrors are fabricated using etching techniques with a crystallographic direction dependency, long processing times, and high fabrication costs. This study fabricates a 45 ± 2° etching-free micr...

In this work, we present a multiscale real-time approach to study the plasmonic effects of a metal nanoparticle (NP) on the electronic circular-dichroism (ECD) spectrum of a chiral molecule interacting with it. The method is based on the time-evolution of the molecule’s time-dependent wavefunction, expanded in the eigenstates of a perturbed Hamilto...

Child abuse and neglect is a public health concern impacting youth throughout the world. Identifying child abuse and neglect in clinical practice can be challenging due to the lack of a “gold standard.” Existing racial and other biases may impact marginalized communities in reporting, identification, and intervention practices for child abuse. Exte...

The aim of the research is to examine the comparison of jinayat procedural law with kuhap in providing free legal advice to suspects, the method used is normative juridical with statutory and conceptual approaches, primary legal material: Aceh Qanun Number 7 of 2013 concerning Jinayat Procedural Law and Laws Number 8 of 1981 concerning Criminal Pro...

Resolving disagreement in manual annotation typically consists of removing unreliable annotators and using a label aggregation strategy such as majority vote or expert opinion to resolve disagreement. These may have the side-effect of silencing or under-representing minority but equally valid opinions. In this paper, we study the impact of standard...

This study presents a ZBLAN-based D-type photonic crystal fiber (PCF) surface plasmon resonance (SPR) refractive index (RI) sensor. Traditional silica substrate face challenges in detecting high-RI liquids and have limited RI detection ranges. To address this, we utilize high-RI ZBLAN glass as the substrate material and design a cladding with an ou...

This study aimed to develop a deep learning system for the detection of three-rooted mandibular first molars (MFMs) on panoramic radiographs and to assess its diagnostic performance. Panoramic radiographs, together with cone beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images of the same subjects, were retrospectively collected from 730 patients, encompassing...

A series of true triaxial compression (TTC) tests was conducted on granite specimens to investigate their fracture behavior. The granite was sampled from a 1500-m-deep exploration borehole located on the Sanshandao gold field in Shandong Province, China, where a 1915-m deep vertical shaft was planned. Under true triaxial stress, the fracture of the...

After a cardiac transplantation, the steering of immunosuppression requires an active search for acute cellular rejection (ACR). Surveillance with endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is the gold standard. Given the costs and potential complications, there is growing interest in the use of non-invasive screening methods. Thus, we have conducted a systematic...

Expression of concern for ‘Highly effective photodynamic inactivation of E. coli using gold nanorods/SiO 2 core–shell nanostructures with embedded verteporfin’ by Kostiantyn Turcheniuk et al. , Chem. Commun. , 2015, 51 , 16365–16368, https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CC06738C.

Genetic mutations that yield defective cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) protein cause cystic fibrosis, a life-limiting autosomal recessive Mendelian disorder. A protective role of CFTR loss-of-function mutations in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been suggested, but its evidence has been inconclusive and contradictory. Here, leve...

Background Nickel titanium (NiTi) rotary files have drastically altered the treatment protocol in endodontics, allowing for faster and easier preparation and more thorough irrigation of the root canal system. Despite the advantages of the NiTi files, instrument separation still remains a major concern. The aim of this study was to compare the cycli...

Background Latent class models can be used to estimate diagnostic accuracy without a gold standard test. Early studies often assumed independence between tests given the true disease state, however this can lead to biased estimates when there are inter-test dependencies. Residual correlation plots and chi-squared statistics have been commonly utili...

Training data attribution (TDA) is the task of attributing model behavior to elements in the training data. This paper draws attention to the common setting where one has access only to the final trained model, and not the training algorithm or intermediate information from training. To serve as a gold standard for TDA in this "final-model-only" se...

In this study, we present the design of a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for the detection of the antibiotic sparfloxacin (SPFK), combined with a high-precision quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor. Green-synthesized ZIF-67@PDA-MIP was directly immobilized on the gold electrode surface of the QCM. This configuration takes advantage of the...

Objective This study aimed to verify the predictive capacity of manual dexterity assessment methods for pre-clinical training in Dentistry. Method Students from the fifth year of the undergraduate course in Dentistry (N = 95) participated in this study. Manual dexterity was investigated as a variable of interest, measured by the O’Connor Finger De...

This study aims to improve the assessment of biomechanical risk in manual lifting tasks by introducing a method for calculating composite lifting index (CLI) using wearable inertial measurement units (IMUs). While the revised NIOSH lifting equation (RNLE) is widely used to evaluate the risk associated with lifting tasks, traditional methods often s...

Randomized experiments are the gold standard for causal inference. However, traditional assumptions, such as the Stable Unit Treatment Value Assumption (SUTVA), often fail in real-world settings where interference between units is present. Network interference, in particular, has garnered significant attention. Structural models, like the linear-in...

This study investigates the tail risk connectedness between financial technology (FinTech) and artificial intelligence (AI) stocks using the Time-Varying Parameter Vector Autoregressive (TVP-VAR) model. The asymmetric slope Conditional Autoregressive Value-at-Risk (CAViaR) approach was employed to quantify tail risk. Our study period spans from Jun...

Introduction Simulation allows trainees to practice skills safely. It is the current gold standard method of teaching. More recently, novel methods such as virtual reality and augmented reality are being explored as possible alternative methods. Aims To evaluate the current evidence pertaining to simulation and virtual reality as methods of teachi...

Gold compositional studies have been advocated to resolve genetic relationships between alluvial and in situ occurrences based on the assumption that the P-T-X conditions at the sites of mineral deposition are reflected in common compositional signatures of gold. Here, we explore two refinements to a simple 'same or different' approach, namely (i)...

The dynamic relationship between macroeconomic conditions, global gold prices, and stock market performance has been a major focus in various studies. This study investigates the impact of inflation, BI rates, and gold prices on the stock prices of Islamic and conventional banks in Indonesia. Using monthly data from January 2021 to December 2023. T...

Plasmonic metal nanostructure prepared by photolithography technology can be used as a uniform and stable substrate with high SERS activity. However, there is only limited research on the precisely regulated metal nanostructures and the systematic studies on the relation between the structure and SERS response. Herein, different gold nanostructure...

Peripheral neuropathy is a common cause of morbidity in diabetes. Despite recent advancements in early diagnosis methods, there is a need for practical, highly sensitive, and cost-effective screening methods in clinical practice. This study summarizes evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the diagnostic accuracy of validated screeni...

Skin cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide, with increasing incidence. Skin cancer is typically classified as melanoma or non-melanoma skin cancer. Although melanoma is less common than basal or squamous cell carcinomas, it is the deadliest form of cancer, with nearly 8300 Americans expected to die from it each year. Biopsies are cu...

This paper compares the accuracy of the terms extracted using SketchEngine, TBXTools and ChatGPT. In addition, it evaluates the quality of the definitions produced by ChatGPT for these terms. The research is carried out on a comparable corpus of fashion magazines written in English and Russian collected from the web. A gold standard for the fashion...

El diagnóstico gold estándar (GSDP) para COVID-19 es amplificación del ARN viral mediante retrotranscripción y reacción en cadena de polimerasa en tiempo real (RT-qPCR), utilizando una muestra de hisopado nasofaríngeo (NPS), procesada con una extracción de ARN tradicional. Respecto a la muestra, se han utilizado algunas sustituciones en el proceso...

Meniscal tears are the most common and most treated injuries of the knee. In the recent past, menis-cectomy was considered the treatment of choice for meniscal lesions. However, this practice is progressively being discontinued in favor of meniscal repair, which has shown high success rates. Several techniques are currently used individually or in...

Background: Currently, splitting of electrogram (EGM) or electrocardiogram (ECG) under threshold test are used as the gold standard to assess Left bundle branch (LBB) capture in LBB area pacing. However, discrete intracardiac ventricular EGM has not been reported until now. This study aims to explore the clinical significance and possible mechanism...

Most approaches to machine learning evaluation assume that machine and human responses are repeatable enough to be measured against data with unitary, authoritative, "gold standard" responses, via simple metrics such as accuracy, precision, and recall that assume scores are independent given the test item. However, AI models have multiple sources o...

The gold standard assay for radiation response is the clonogenic assay, a normalized colony formation assay (CFA) that can capture a broad range of radiation-induced cell death mechanisms. Traditionally, this assay relies on two-dimensional (2D) cell culture conditions with colonies counted by fixing and staining protocols. While some groups have c...

Pengukuran kinerja organisasi merupakan elemen krusial dalam pengelolaan bisnis, terutama di industri jasa seperti katering yang sangat kompetitif dan berorientasi pada pelanggan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja perusahaan katering dengan pendekatan Balanced Scorecard (BSC) pada perspektif pelanggan, serta menggunakan analisis t...

We introduce the fragment‐pairwise Local Energy Decomposition (fp‐LED) scheme for precise quantification of individual interactions contributing to the binding energy of arbitrary chemical entities, such as protein‐ligand binding energies, lattice energies of molecular crystals, or association energies of large biomolecular assemblies. Using fp‐LED...

In this paper we investigate the legitimate and useful role of mathematics in science (and physics in particular). We also investigate the illegitimate and harmful role (or "lure") of mathematics in modern science (and theoretical physics in particular). Thanks to the obsession of contemporary scientists with complex mathematics and the wrong belie...

Background A novel handheld point-of-care high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I analyser has recently been introduced to the market. Evaluating its diagnostic performance against laboratory standards is imperative, given the variations in cardiac troponin levels across populations. This study compared the diagnostic performance between the point-of-c...

Ligand protected gold nanoclusters have been proposed for electrochemical CO2 reduction (eCO2R) as an alternative to polycrystalline catalysts, showing higher selectivity control due to the tailored composition and precise microenvironment. Here, two gold cluster families are studied with different staple motifs (Au25(SR)18 and Au144(SR)60, where S...

It is widely held that metaphysical modality is the broadest non-epistemic, alethic modality, and that a posteriori modal essentialist truths, like that gold has atomic number 79, enjoy the necessity of the broadest alethic modality. One prominent argument for these conclusions—given by Cian Dorr, John Hawthorne, and Juhani Yli-Vakkuri—rests upon a...

Polyhedron gold nanocrystals enclosed by high-index facets (HIF-Au NCs) are in high demand but are very difficult to prepare. To address this issue, we presented a simple, seedless method for synthesizing uniform HIF-Au NCs in an aqueous solution, which remarkably reduced the synthesis difficulty. Interestingly, the protonated N2H4 which served as...

Optothermal manipulation technologies trap and manipulate microparticles under a light-controlled temperature gradient. In this paper, we demonstrate the possibilities of optothermal trap, which is generated by an annular beam irradiating on an absorbing reflective film to capture the microparticles. The particles are subjected to thermal and optic...

Picosecond ultrasonics, as a nondestructive and noncontact method, can be employed for nanoscale metallic film thickness measurements. The sensitivity of the system, which determines the measurement precision and practicability of this technique, is often limited by the weak intensity of the ultrasonic signal. To solve this problem, we investigate...

In this paper, an intra-cavity SPR sensor based on erbium-doped fiber (EDF) laser is proposed to achieve higher sensitivity for detecting analyte refractive indices. A liquid-core fiber-based SPR sensor is first designed to match the operating wavelength of 1530 nm in the fiber laser intra-cavity, and then placed into the cavity of the EDF laser to...

Objective: Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytological analysis fails to confirm the benignity or malignancy of Bethesda III, IV and V thyroid nodules. Molecular tests performed on FNA samples have demonstrated interesting results in improving the diagnosis of these nodules. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of a large next-generatio...

Traditional amino protecting groups are often removed under harsh conditions or incompatible with other protecting groups, rendering the synthesis of complex 2‐amino‐2‐deoxy‐β‐d‐glycosides difficult. Here, we utilize the photolabile ortho‐nitrobenzyl carbonate (oNBC) as an amino protecting group for stereocontrolled synthesis of 2‐amino‐2‐deoxy‐β‐d...

The double-halide perovskite (FA)₂BiCuI₆ has been identified as a key material for enhancing the light absorption in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In a device structure composed of FTO/STO/(FA)₂BiCuI₆/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au, notable photovoltaic (PV) performance has been achieved. Sulfur-doped tin oxide (STO) is utilized as the electron transport layer (...

This paper attempts to develop an integrated guidance and control scheme for obstacle avoidance of a large-scale underactuated autonomous underwater vehicle (LUAUV) with high speed in unknown complex environments. Under a finite field of view of the environmental perceiving sensor, a novel guidance algorithm based on tracking differentiator and rec...

This book contends that modern municipal government was an important nineteenth century initiative created to address social and political change. Focusing on British origins, it argues that it performed a vital role in integrating the disenfranchised and displaced into the modern state while establishing rational civic order. It argues that it als...

As a therapeutic approach for cancer, hyperthermia involves selectively increasing the temperature of affected tissues while preserving adjacent healthy tissues. This study explores the efficacy of pristine and coated silver, copper, and gold nanostructures such as nanorods, nanospheres, and nanoellipsoids for hyperthermia. This study performed fin...

Monitoring animal behavior using sensor technologies requires prior testing under varying conditions because behaviors can differ significantly, such as between grazing and confined cows. This study aimed to validate several sensor systems for classifying rumination and lying behaviors in cows on pasture under different environmental conditions, co...

This study examines the relations of Bitcoin (BTC) prices and fluctuations with gold, USD, oil, VIX index, hedging, and diversification features in Turkiye. For this purpose, wavelet coherence and dynamic conditional correlations (DCCs) were used in the study. Our research explores whether the bubble behavior patterns in BTC prices during the COVID...

Several evaluation metrics have been developed recently to automatically assess the quality of generative AI reports for chest radiographs based only on textual information using lexical, semantic, or clinical named entity recognition methods. In this paper, we develop a new method of report quality evaluation by first extracting fine-grained findi...

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with high surface areas and specialized binding sites garnered attention in the field of gold (Au) adsorption. The adsorption capacity mostly depends on the functional skeletons and porous structures, however, the roles of linkages have not been thoroughly explored. In this study, imidazopyridinium‐linked COFs, sp...

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most prevalent kind of pathogenic bacteria infection, and the midstream urine culture is regarded as the gold standard in UTI diagnosis. Recently, even with modern media and techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), urinary cultures still create a considerable workload for hospital laboratories. Other...

The mechanistic study of the gold-catalyzed cycloisomerization of alcohols or amine tethered-vinylidenecyclopropanes has been performed using high-level DFT calculations to find the reasons for the observed selectivity of the products. Two possible pathways were observed, in the first product, during the cyclization process, the vinylidenecycloprop...

Metamaterial absorbers (MMAs) are currently highly desirable because of their special absorption qualities. In this paper, a highly simplified and optimized terahertz MMA is proposed and analyzed for sensing applications. The proposed MMA is polarization-independent because of its symmetrical structure. Its symmetrical structure is achieved through...

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is associated with an increased risk of tuberculosis (TB). This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT) test for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection in HTLV-1-infected individuals. HTLV-1-infected participants were divided into four groups: HTLV-1-i...

Individual fluid inclusions with dense carbon dioxide hosted in quartz from the gold-bearing interval penetrated by the SD-3 Kola Superdeep Borehole were studied using modern techniques. The composition and density of the carbon dioxide fluid were determined by Raman spectroscopy and microthermometry. The density of the fluid is 0.37–1.14 g/cm3 and...

Penjelajahan samudra Eropa pada abad ke-15 hingga ke-17, yang dipicu oleh semboyan Gold, Glory, dan Gospel, menjadi titik balik penting dalam sejarah global. Motivasi untuk mendapatkan kekayaan, memperluas kekuasaan, dan menyebarkan agama Kristen mendorong negara-negara seperti Portugis, Spanyol, Inggris, dan Belanda untuk menjelajahi dunia, termas...

Objective: Childhood obesity is a significant global health concern. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is more closely linked to the development of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases than abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASAT). This study aimed to develop a straightforward and automated method to quantify both ASAT and VAT in children from MRI...

After the introduction of Large Language Models (LLMs), there have been substantial improvements in the performance of Natural Language Generation (NLG) tasks, including Text Summarization and Machine Translation. However, LLMs still produce outputs containing hallucinations, that is, content not grounded in factual information. Therefore, developi...