Glucose Metabolism Disorders - Science topic

Introduction Positron-emission-tomography-(PET)/computed-tomography-(CT) using somatostatin-receptor-(SSTR)-binding radioligands is well established in the imaging of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). SSTRs are expressed in NETs and endocrine and exocrine tissues, e.g. pancreas, where somatostatin binding to SST2 and SST5 inhibits glucagon and insulin...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been associated with an elevated risk of developing disorders related to glucose metabolism, including decreased insulin secretion, impaired glucose tolerance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The previse mechanisms underlying this association remain incompletely elucidated. In this study, we utilized a cohort of fifty Wi...

BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the anti‐obesity mechanism of walnut‐derived peptides (WMP) combined with intermittent fasting (IF) through modulating the gut microbiota–liver metabolism axis in high‐fat‐diet (HFD)‐induced obese mice, providing theoretical support for dietary intervention strategies. METHODS Fifty C57BL/6 mice were divi...

Background Epidemiological studies indicate a strong association between OSA and type 2 diabetes. Currently, the insulin signal transduction pathway and its associated effector proteins have emerged as a focal point in type 2 diabetes research. However, the underlying mechanisms in OSA remain elusive. We have established an experimental model of ch...

Background/Objectives: Patients with coronary artery disease undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) have a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and prediabetes. Glucose metabolism disorders (GMDs) are often asymptomatic and remain undetected, but untreated they can have adverse effects. To evaluate the possibilities of acti...

Background As a medicine‐food fruit, Amomum tsao‐ko has been reported to be beneficial for the management of diabetes. However, its effects and mechanisms in the cognitive impairment caused by diabetes remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the influences of A. tsao‐ko on cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice and ass...

Mutations in ZMYM2 lead to syndromic congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) in humans. Tbx18 is co-expressed with Zmym2 in mesenchymal compartment of developing mouse ureter, indicating a potential in vivo relevance of the TBX18–ZMYM2 protein interaction in ureter development. The presence of multiple phenotypes beyond the uri...

The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis, but its overactivity is implicated in various pathological conditions, including hypertension, hyperglycaemia, heart failure, and rheumatoid arthritis. Traditional pharmacotherapies often face limitations such as side effects and poor patient a...

Background: Glucose metabolism disorders are major contributors to morbidity and mortality. Elevated serum uric acid (SUA) is closely linked to the cardiometabolic consequences of glucose metabolism disorders, various other comorbidities, and mortality. In this study, we explore the relationship between SUA and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin...

The aim was to establish the nature of liver remodeling in hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in leptin-resistant db/db mice and to study the possibility of reversing the identified structural changes during glucose metabolism correction using systematic administration of recombinant apolipoprotein A-I (rApoA-I). Material and methods . The struct...

Introduction Silymarin is an extract of the plant Silybum marianum, which is used as a complementary treatment for liver diseases. However, it significantly interferes with lipid metabolism, and also affects glucose metabolism—in animal models, its administration led to a significant rise in plasma glutathione, while in in vivo models it decreased...

Background The presence of hypertension and various acute or chronic complications may affect the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which plays a crucial role in the regulation of glucose metabolism. However, the quantitative distribution of the RAAS components in relation to the progressi...

Background The cardiometabolic index (CMI) serves as a significant marker of diabetes mellitus (DM) and may predict the potential for cardiovascular disease development. Nevertheless, the correlation between CMI and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) among individuals exhibiting varying glucose metabolism statuses (GMS) continues to be...

Objective To investigate the differences in mineral and glucose metabolic disorders among patients with primary aldosteronism, nonfunctional adrenal tumors, and controls. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from 578 patients, including those with primary aldosteronism, nonfunctional adrenal tumors, and control subjects,...

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a global metabolic condition associated with complications of multiple organs, including the bone. However, the exact impact of T2D on bone along the disease progression, particularly in the early phase, remains largely unknown. Methods: Four-week and sixteen-week high-fat diet (HFD) feeding-induced T2D mouse mo...

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a glucose metabolism disorder with an unclear etiology that occurs specifically during pregnancy. While elevated serum ferritin levels have been reported to increase the risk of GDM, these findings lack validation in large-scale studies and have yet to inform clinical practice effectively. This study enrolled...

Gender differences in glucose metabolism disorders in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) have been rarely studied. In this study we investigated gender differences in the prevalence of glucose metabolism disorders and associated factors in first-episode and drug naïve (FEDN) MDD patients in a Chinese Han population. In this cross-section...

Background Intermittent fasting (IF) has received wide attention as an effective diet strategy. Existing studies showed that IF is a promising approach for weight control, improving insulin sensitivity and reducing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevalence. Methods Twenty-eight 8-month-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a normal co...

Due to the significant energy requirements of nerve cells, glucose is rapidly oxidized to generate ATP and works in conjunction with mitochondria in metabolic pathways, resulting in a combinatorial impact. The purpose of this review is to show how glucose metabolism disorder invariably disrupts the normal functioning of neurons, a phenomenon common...

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the cardiovascular complications of diabetes, characterized by the development of ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction due to factors such as inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and disordered glucose metabolism. As a sustainable therapeutic approach, exercise has been reported in numerous stu...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) in kidney transplant recipients (KTR) is a risk factor for mortality, increases the risk of infections and, in the long term, can lead to graft loss due to diabetic kidney disease. A preventive approach applied to those on the waiting list could decrease the incidence of post-transplant DM (PTDM) by detecting those patients a...

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has rapidly increased worldwide, emerging as the fifth leading cause of death. The treatment of T2DM is challenging due to the side effects of oral hypoglycemic drugs and the limited efficacy of long-term insulin therapy, which can lead to insulin resistance (IR). Consequently, there is significant in discovering new...

Objectives: Low-grade metabolic inflammation is associated with several chronic metabolic disorders, including obesity. However, no concrete evidence that supports obesity as a direct cause of chronic inflammation. This study aims to identify the association of inflammation with obesity in apparently healthy adults. Methods: In this study, 162 seem...

Objective To investigate the effects of light fasting diet therapy, including flaxseed powder supplementation, on lipid metabolism and sex hormone levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) combined with infertility. Methods A total of 104 PCOS patients with combined infertility were divided into the control group (n = 52) and interv...

Objective Globally, the occurrence of Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is on a steady rise. Fish oil has anti-inflammatory effects and can improve lipid metabolism. The article aims to assess the impact of fish oil supplementation on MASLD. Methods We conducted a systematic search of Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, and We...

Drug addiction is a chronic and potentially deadly disease that is considered a global health problem and describes the alteration of brain function by psychostimulant drugs through changes in the reward system. However, there is still no ideal strategy for the management of drug addiction. Previous studies have suggested that microglia are involve...

The prevalence of metabolic diseases, such as obesity, has been steadily increasing in recent years, posing a significant threat to public health. Therefore, early identification and intervention play a crucial role. With the deepening understanding of the etiology of metabolic diseases, novel therapeutic targets are emerging for the treatment of o...

Acute alcoholic liver injury (AALI) remains a significant global health concern, primarily driven by oxidative stress. This study investigated the protective mechanisms of Weizmannia coagulans BC99 against alcohol-induced oxidative stress using a dual model in rats and Caenorhabditis elegans. In rats, excessive alcohol was predominantly metabolized...

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an intricate disease correlated with many metabolic deregulations, including disordered glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular apoptosis due to hepatic gluconeogenesis aberrations. However, there is no radical therapy to inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis disturbances yet. We thus sought to...

OBJECTIVE: Physical activity is one of the primary components of non-pharmacological therapy for impaired glucose metabolism. The following study aimed to investigate the impact of daily step counts on the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review of 15 publications available from scientific data...

Data on the genetics and molecular biology of diabetes are accumulating rapidly. This poses the challenge of creating research tools for a rapid search for, structuring and analysis of information in this field. We have developed a web resource, GlucoGenes ® , which includes a database and an Internet portal of genes and proteins associated with hi...

Gaucher disease (GD), the most common ultra-rare metabolic disorder, results from lipid accumulation. Systemic inflammation, cellular stress, and metabolic dysfunction may influence endocrine function, including the thyroid. This study evaluated thyroid function and morphology in 60 GD patients, alongside carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Anthropo...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia (high blood glucose levels) due to insulin deficiency, insulin resistance or both. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimates that in the 20-79 age group, there were 463 million people in the world suffering from diabetes mellitus in 2019. Based on data from th...

Pasireotide is an effective treatment for both Cushing’s disease (CD) and acromegaly due to its ability to suppress adrenocorticotropic hormone and growth hormone, and to normalize insulin-like growth factor-1 levels, resulting in tumor shrinkage. However, it may also cause hyperglycemia as a side effect in some patients. The aim of this study was...

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are both age-related diseases. Evidence from recent studies suggests a link between them. The existence of an interaction between autonomic nervous system dysfunction and the dysregulation of glucose metabolism is one of the proposed mechanisms to explain the complicated relat...

Background: With the global increase in metabolic disorders, identifying effective dietary strategies is crucial for enhancing health outcomes. While various health advantages of alkaline reduced water (ARW) have been documented, its specific impacts on glucose and lipid metabolism in both healthy and diabetic conditions are still not well understo...

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined by an insufficient insulin response to counteract the insulin resistance (IR) that arises from the physiological adaptations associated with pregnancy. However, the pathophysiology of IR is complex and unclear, as it encompasses elements such as epigenetics, environmental factors, modifiabl...

Background With rising global diabetes prevalence, precise early identification and management of diabetes risk are critical research areas. The metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR), a novel non-insulin-based tool, is gaining attention for quantifying insulin resistance using multiple metabolic parameters. Despite its potential in predi...

To study the effect of wheat dietary fibre (WDF) on glucose metabolism disorder and its mechanisms, 6-week-old db/db mice were given WDF by adding to diet or oral-gavage. The results showed that WDF by oral-gavage instead of adding to the feed can significantly reduce blood glucose levels. The levels of insulin and HOMA-IR were both decreased in th...

Obesity-induced insulin resistance (IR) can precipitate metabolic disorders such as diabetes. Zeaxanthin, a crucial member of the carotenoid family, has been found to mitigate the damage caused by obesity. However, reports on the effects of zeaxanthin on obesity-induced IR are lacking. Our objective was to examine the metabolic regulatory impacts o...

Background: There is a close relationship between breast muscle glucose metabolism, peripheral 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and myopathies in animals. Here, this study aimed to investigate the effects of different photoperiods on peripheral 5-HT metabolism, white striping (WS), and wooden breast (WB) in broilers. Methods: A total of 216 healthy 5-da...

Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) is a protein encoded by the AIM2 gene located on human chromosomes, AIM2 can recognize and bind to double stranded DNA (dsDNA), leading to the assembly of the AIM2 inflammasome. The AIM2 inflammasome plays important proinflammation role in many diseases, and can induce pyroptotic cell death. It has also been closely link...

Simple Summary Long photoperiods are commonly used in modern intensive broiler chicken farming, which are crucial environmental factors in the growth and health of broilers. Through different photoperiods experiments, we found that extending the photoperiods could promote the growth rate of broilers while reducing the feed efficiency, inhibiting ac...

Aim The aim was to study the effect of two low‐calorie, high‐protein (HP) diets, with most of the protein coming from animal or plant sources, on glycaemic and other cardiometabolic outcomes in subjects with overweight or obesity and glucose metabolism disorders. Materials and Methods A total of 117 participants aged >18 years with body mass index...

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a public health problem with increasing prevalence. Analyses of metabolic and immune profiles have great potential for discovering new markers and mechanisms related to the development of GDM. We monitored 61 pregnant women during the first and third trimesters of pregnancy, including 13 pregnant women with GD...

Background: Our paper draws attention to the impact of lead (Pb) on the specificity of obesity development in children exposed to environmental pollution. An advantage of this paper is the homogeneous study group comprising children of identical age from a single geographic region. Moreover, while the influence of environmental toxins on adults has...

Mortality and morbidity from cardiovascular disease continue to rise along with obesity and other cardiometabolic risk factors, making comprehensive management for cardiometabolic disease (CMD) imperative. Despite available treatments, gaps exist in CMD care. Revolutionizing the Delivery of Care in CV Disease and T2DM: The Pilot Cardiometabolic Cli...

Background Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH, somatropin) therapy is approved in children with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS). Objectives To report safety and effectiveness data for children with PWS treated with biosimilar rhGH (Omnitrope®, Sandoz) in the PAtients TReated with Omnitrope (PATRO) Children study. Design PATRO Children was a multi...

Background Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a serious liver disease characterized by immune disorders, particularly effector T-cell overactivation. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effect and underlying mechanism of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle (MSC-EV) treatment on CD4⁺ T-cell overactivation and liver injury in AIH....

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as a chronic metabolic disease has become a global public health problem. Insulin resistance (IR) is the main pathogenesis of T2DM. Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance between free radical production and the antioxidant system, causing insulin resistance and contributing to the development of T2DM via several mol...

Microplastics are emerging pollutants that have garnered significant attention, with evidence suggesting their association with the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In order to assess the impact of polystyrene microplastic exposure on alterations in the gut microbiota and the subsequent implications for glucose dysregulation under differen...

Background Amyloid toxicity and glucose metabolic disorders are key pathological features during the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While the hypothalamus plays a crucial role in regulating systemic energy balance, the distribution of amyloid plaques in the preoptic, anterior, tuberal, and mammillary regions of the hypothalamus in AD mice...

Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental endocrine disruptor. Despite increasing research about the metabolic effects of Cd on HepG2 cells, information about the metabolic effects of Cd on insulin resistance HepG2 (IR-HepG2) cells is limited. Currently, most individuals with diabetes are exposed to Cd due to pollution. Previously, we reported that Cd expos...

Background Glucose metabolic disorder is associated with the risk of heart failure (HF). Adiposity is a comorbidity that is inextricably linked with abnormal glucose metabolism in older individuals. However, the effect of adiposity on the association between glucose metabolic disorder and HF risk, and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. Metho...

The interplay between asthma and glucose metabolism disorders, such as hyperglycemia, has gained increasing attention due to the potential exacerbation of asthma symptoms and severity. This review explores the complex relationship between hyperglycemia and asthma, emphasizing the pathophysiological links, the impact of glucose metabolism disorders...

Background Intermittent fasting (IF) has received wide attention as an effective diet strategy. Existing studies shown that IF is a promising approach for weight control, improving insulin sensitivity and reducing type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevalence. Methods Twenty-eight 8-month-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a normal control group...

The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed that viruses can have multiple receptor properties, penetrating various tissues and causing mutations in various genes, thus promoting a range of metabolic disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the connection between three factors: diabetic status, pre-hospitalization oxygen therapy, and saturati...

"Life will always remain an equation that cannot be solved but contains certain known facts." (Nikola Tesla) The past decade has seen a boom in quantum mechanics and quantum biology. In this context, we cannot help but dwell on the question of the interaction between quantum energy and insulin resistance. In this article we will try to discuss t...

Background and Objectives: The trends in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and related metabolic dysfunctions in Japan are unknown. Thus, we aimed to clarify these trends before the novel coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Japan. Materials and Methods: We included Japanese individuals aged 25–79 years who underwent...

Simple Summary The aims of this study are to analyze prevalence rates, influence, and genetic parameters (heritability, genetic, and phenotypic correlations) of mastitis (MAS), endometritis (MET), and ketosis (KET) in Chinese Holstein Cattle. Data from 37,836 dairy cows in Central China were analyzed using the logistic regression method, a mixed li...

Background With rising global diabetes prevalence, precise early identification and management of diabetes risk are critical research areas. The METS-IR, a novel non-insulin-based tool, is gaining attention for quantifying insulin resistance using multiple metabolic parameters. Despite its potential in predicting diabetes and its precursors, eviden...

Triptolide (TP), known for its effectiveness in treating various rheumatoid diseases, is also associated with significant hepatotoxicity risks. This study explored Catalpol (CAT), an iridoid glycoside with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, as a potential defense against TP-induced liver damage. In vivo and in vitro models of liver injury...

We report the novel finding of a widespread reduction in myocardial native T1 values and size of abnormal regions following gene therapy in a pediatric patient with infantile-onset Pompe disease. We emphasize the importance of serial cardiac magnetic resonance in assessing the efficacy of gene therapy and monitoring myocardial alterations in Pompe...

Aim. To assess the incidence of glucose metabolism disorders, administered hypoglycemic therapy and its effectiveness in a cohort of patients with previously diagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) hospitalized for scheduled lower limb joint arthroplasty. Materials and methods. The study included 502 patients. Medical history, information about previously...

Objective Sulfonylureas have been used to improve performance in strength sports. However, this hypothetical effect has not been proven. We examined the ergogenic acute effect of gliclazide on resistance training performance and muscle recovery. Subjects and methods We conducted a double-blind, randomized, crossover pilot study with 10 healthy res...

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of conditions characterized by hypertension (HTN), hyperglycaemia or insulin resistance (IR), hyperlipidaemia, and abdominal obesity. MetS is associated with a high incidence of cardiovascular events and mortality and is an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). MetS can cause CKD or accelerat...

Introduction This study will explore the correlation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) regulation of metabolic remodelling in the myocardial fibrosis of atrial fibrillation (AF) in rheumatic heart disease. Material and methods The left atrial appendage tissues were evaluated by Masson staining for fibrosis degree, and Wester...

Glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT1-DS) is a rare metabolic encephalopathy with a wide variety of clinical phenotypes. In the present study, 15 patients diagnosed with GLUT1-DS were selected, all of whom had obvious clinical manifestations and complete genetic testing. Their clinical data and genetic reports were collated. All pat...

Metabolic disorders are currently threatening public health worldwide. Discovering new targets and developing promising drugs will reduce the global metabolic-related disease burden. Metabolic disorders primarily consist of lipid and glucose metabolic disorders. Specifically, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatosis liver disease (MASLD) and alco...

Parasites are commonly associated with harm, but they also have beneficial aspects that are still being discovered. It is important to acknowledge both the harmful and beneficial aspects of parasites. They have been found to have positive effects on non-healing wounds, surgical wounds, obesity, glucose metabolism disorders, nerve repair, cancer tre...

Background and Objectives: The trends in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and related metabolic dysfunctions in Japan is unknown. Thus, we aimed to clarify the trends of these before the novel coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Japan. Materials and Methods: We included Japanese individuals aged 25-79 years who unde...

Background/Objective Fanconi–Bickel Syndrome (FBS) is an inherited disorder of glucose metabolism resulting from functional loss of glucose transporter 2 characterized by fasting hypoglycemia oscillating with postprandial hyperglycemia. Dysglycemia treatment strategies during FBS pregnancy have not been reported, and insulin therapy carries signifi...

In Brief Elevated expression of miR-122-5p in exosomes in the follicular fluid of patients with endometriosis impairs glucose metabolism in cumulus cells and may further impair oocyte quality. Abstract Endometriosis (EMs) affects fertility in women of childbearing age in many ways. The underlying mechanisms, including the decrease in oocyte qualit...

Glypican-4 belongs to a group of poorly understood adipokines, with potential importance in people with metabolic syndrome, especially in groups of patients with glucose metabolism disorder. This study aimed to assess the effect of physical activity on serum glypican-4 and irisin levels and total antioxidant status (TAS) in plasma and saliva in wom...

Background β-blockers have been widely used in patients with extensive cardiovascular disease (CVD) and have provided benefits. However, they are more likely to cause symptomatic bradycardia, hypotension, or glucose metabolism disorders, which may lead to an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF), but evidence is lacking. Aims This study was t...